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REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUN Paix – Travail - Patrie CINQUIEME RAPPORT NATIONAL DU CAMEROUN A LA CONVENTION DE LA DIVERSITE BIOLOGIQUE Mars 2014 CITATION LE PRÉSENT DOCUMENT SERA CITÉ COMME: @ République du Cameroun 2014, Cinquieme Rapport National du Cameroun a la Convention de la Diversite Biodiversité – MINEPDED POUR PLUS D’AMPLES INFORMATIONS BIEN VOULOIR CONTACTER LES ADRESSES SUIVANTES: o Tél/Fax: (237) 22 22 94 80 o [email protected] o Cc. [email protected] o Site internet de la Convention sur la Diversité Biologique www.cbd.int i ii . iii REMERCIEMENT Le présent rapport n’aura pas vu le jour sans le soutien de la hiérarchie du MINEPDED, sans l’exceptionnel enthousiasme manifesté par à la fois par l’équipe du projet et par l’essentiel des acteurs du secteur de la biodiversité. De fait, le processus d’élaboration du cinquième rapport national sur la biodiversité a été placé sous la bienveillante supervision du Ministre de l’’Environnement, de la Protection de la Nature et du Développement Durable, S.E HELE Pierre, appuyé en cela par son Ministre Délégué, S.E NANA Aboubacar DJALLOH. Ces responsables n’ont ménagé aucun effort pour que le travail soit produit dans les délais. Le MINEPDED a été profondément sensible à cette marque de soutien de la part de sa hiérarchie. L’équipe du projet, structurée autour de Mme Prudence GALEGA et composée de Dr. Jean KENFACK, Mme Angèle WADOU et de M. Wilson SHEY, s’est dès l’entame, illustrée par un investissement singulier dans la réalisation de ce travail. C’est l’occasion pour le MINEPDED de lui exprimer ses sincères remerciements et à travers elle, tous ceux qui de près ou de loin ont contribué à la production de ce travail. Que le docteur Jean Michel ONANA, Consultant pour la réalisation de ce rapport trouve ici la marque de reconnaissance de la part du MINEPDED pour les efforts qu’il a consentis en vue de rendre ce document disponible. Afin d’assurer la qualité et de garantir la fiabilité des données recueillies, l’appui du Comité interministériel a été tout au long du processus sollicité. Les membres de cette instance ont participé aux différentes réunions organisées à cette fin, au cours desquelles, ils ont à travers des échanges interactifs, contribué à l’amélioration de la qualité du document. Qu’ils trouvent ici l’expression de la profonde gratitude du MINEPDED. L’équipe chargée de préparer le cinquième rapport national de la Convention a élaboré un questionnaire qu’elle a soumis à la réaction des acteurs du secteur de la biodiversité. Que tous ceux qui ont contribué de près ou de loin, et en particulier ceux qui ont répondu au questionnaire considéré trouvent ici la marque de notre reconnaissance pour cet inlassable soutien à la cause de la biodiversité et à la réussite des initiatives entreprises dans cette perspective. Les remerciements du Ministère de l’Environnement, de la Protection de la Nature et du Développement Durable vont également à l’endroit des partenaires de la biodiversité, notamment l’UICN Programme Cameroun pour la diversité pour la qualité des documents mis à sa disposition, au service de la préparation du cinquième rapport ; il en va de même pou l’ANAFOR à travers le point focal CITES Flore. Le Cameroun à travers ledit département ministériel tient aussi à exprimer sa satisfaction pour la qualité des informations fournies par les ONG LAGA et TRAFFIC. iv SOMMAIRE Page CITATION ......................................................................................................................................................................... i PREFACE ........................................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. REMERCIEMENT ......................................................................................................................................................... iv SOMMAIRE ..................................................................................................................................................................... v LISTE DES ENCADRES ................................................................................................................................................ ix LISTE DES FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................... ix LISTE DES TABLEAUX ................................................................................................................................................. x LISTE DES ABREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................................... xi RESUME EXECUTIF ................................................................................................................................................... xiii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 PARTIE I. ACTUALISATION DE L’ETAT ET DES TENDANCES DE LA DIVERSITE BIOLOGIQUE, DES DANGERS QUI LA MENACENT ET DES CONSEQUENCES POUR LE BIEN-ETRE HUMAIN ..................... 2 I- IMPORTANCE DE LA DIVERSITE BIOLOGIQUE POUR LE CAMEROUN ........................................ 3 I.1 Au niveau national .......................................................................................................................................... 3 I.1.1 Agriculture .................................................................................................................................................... 3 I.1.2Foresterie ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 I.1.3 Elevage .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 I.1.4 Pêche .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 I.1.5 Caractéristique par sexe des ménages agricoles ........................................................................................ 6 I.2 Importance spécifique dans les écosystèmes ................................................................................................. 6 I.2.1Ecosystème semi-aride .................................................................................................................................. 6 I.2.2Ecosystème de savane tropicale boisée ........................................................................................................ 6 1.2.3. Ecosystème de montagne ............................................................................................................................ 7 I.2.4 Ecosystème de forêt tropicale dense humide .............................................................................................. 7 I.2.5Ecosystème marin et côtier ........................................................................................................................... 8 I.2.6. Ecosystème d’eau douce .............................................................................................................................. 8 II- CHANGEMENTS IMPORTANTS OBSERVES AU CAMEROUN DANS L’ETAT ET LES TENDANCES DE LA DIVERSITE BIOLOGIQUE ................................................................................................. 8 II.1 Etat et tendances des composantes de la biodiversité au niveau national ................................................ 9 II.1.1 Agro-biodiversité ........................................................................................................................................ 9 II. 1.1.1 Principaux produits en agriculture .......................................................................................................... 9 II.1.1.2 Principaux produits de l’élevage .............................................................................................................. 9 II.1.1.3 Pêche et produits halieutiques ................................................................................................................... 9 II.1.2Biodiversité des espèces sauvages ............................................................................................................... 9 II.1.2.1 Les écosystèmes .......................................................................................................................................... 9 II.1.2.2 Etat et tendance de la diversité floristique ............................................................................................. 10 II.1.2.3 Ressources génétiques des espèces sauvages et cultivées ...................................................................... 12 II.1.2.3 Champignons .......................................................................................................................................... 12 II.1.2.5 Faune ....................................................................................................................................................... 13 II.1.2.5 Microorganismes .................................................................................................................................... 14 II.2 Etat et tendances des écosystèmes .............................................................................................................
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