Media Log – 2011 Highlights

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Media Log – 2011 Highlights Media Log – 2011 Highlights Alabama Press Register – Gulf oil wells 10 miles from Deepwater Horizon site leaking since 2004 http://blog.al.com/live/2011/02/wells_still_leaking_in_gulf.html Interview with SkyTruth regarding the Taylor Energy platform leaks Associated Press – Shell oil spill off Nigeria likely worst in decade http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iPmo7xWuZcG1DX0kvqUuplHznm4Q?docI d=1a45bf23380d4b4d928a66a80b3ca45d Features interview with John Earth Imaging Journal – Deepwater Horizon REVISITED http://eijournal.com/2011/deepwater-horizon-revisited Adapted excerpt from “Impacts, Perception, and Policy Implications of the BP/Deepwater Horizon Oil and Gas Disaster,” Elliott Norse and John Amos, which appeared in the November 2010 issue of the Environmental Law Reporter’s (ELR’s) News & Analysis. Facing South – Foreign Oil Interests Still Fouling Louisiana’s Coastal Waters http://www.southernstudies.org/2011/05/foreign-oil-interests-still-fouling-louisianas-coastal- waters.html Features image by SkyTruth and mentions SkyTruth’s blog of May 11, 2011 regarding the ongoing leak at Platform 23051 The Guardian – Shell oil spill off Nigeria likely worst in a decade http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/oilandgas/8974141/Shell-oil-spill-off- Nigeria-likely-worst-in-a-decade.html Mentions SkyTruth’s analysis of the oil spill off Nigeria and features quote by John Huffington Post – The BP Spill One Year Later: Renewing Trust Along With Ecology http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ian-r-macdonald/the-bp-spill-one-year-lat_b_900404.html Op-Ed piece co-authored by John Amos and Ian MacDonald Los Angeles Times - Group launches online environmental accident map http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/greenspace/2011/10/skytruth-pollution-map-bp-gulf.html Features SkyTruth’s Press Release about SkyTruth Alerts system Nature – Oil spills underreported in Mexican Gulf http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110421/full/news.2011.250.html?s=news_rss Features interview with John New York Times - Oil Spill, Redux: Revisiting a Mystery http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/04/oil-spill-redux-revisiting-a-mystery/ References SkyTruth: Remember that this claimed rate was questioned by scientists, especially Dr. MacDonald, and by advocacy groups, notably a small environmental organization called SkyTruth. New York Times – Brazil Officials Criticize Chevron Over Oil Spill http://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/19/business/energy-environment/brazil-officials-criticize- chevron-over-oil-spill.html?_r=1 Mentions that SkyTruth’s spill estimate are greater than Chevron is saying New York Times - Oil Spill Moves Toward Nigerian Coast http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/science/earth/oil-spill-moves-toward-nigerian- coast.html?_r=1 Mentions SkyTruth’s analysis of the oil spill off Nigeria and features quote by John OWNI - SkyTruthiness: Ecological Disasters From Above (English version) http://owni.eu/2011/07/22/skytruthiness-ecological-disasters-from-above/ Features interview with John Scientific American - Gulf Oil Spill Tracker http://www.scientificamerican.com/citizen-science/project.cfm?id=gulf-oil-spill-tracker Features the Gulf Oil Spill Tracker Significance Magazine - Deepwater Disaster: How the Oil Spill Estimates Got It Wrong http://ocean.fsu.edu/faculty/macdonald/pubs/macdonald_significance_2010.pdf Article written by Dr. Ian MacDonald, references John Amos and SkyTruth Tallahassee News Examiner – New Oil Slick Appears in Gulf of Mexico Near Site of Former Deepwater Horizon http://www.examiner.com/environmental-news-in-tallahassee/new-oil-slick-appears-gulf-of- mexico-near-site-of-former-deepwater-horizon Features quotes from SkyTruth’s blog of 5/11 Washington Post – When it Comes To Offshore Drilling, Still Treading in Deep Water http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/when-it-comes-to-offshore-drilling-still-treading-in- deep-water/2011/04/15/AFWrB5qD_story.html Mentions SkyTruth’s estimates of recent Anglo-Suisse oil spill: “Looking at satellite photos, John Amos, a geologist who runs a blog called Sky Truth, calculated that the slick was not four gallons but no less than 640,728 gallons.” Washington Post – Oil spill: Revisiting the Well from Hell http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/achenblog/post/oil-spill-revisiting-the-well-from- hell/2011/08/26/gIQAKYX5fJ_blog.html Features link to SkyTruth’s blog of 8/18 and to an AP story that featured SkyTruth on 7/10/10 Washington Post – Oil leak prompts Chevron to halt well-drilling off Brazil’s coast http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/oil-leak-prompts-chevron-to-halt-well- drilling-off-brazils-coast/2011/11/15/gIQAqVkcPN_story.html Discusses SkyTruth’s analysis of Chevron’s oil spill with quotes West Virginia Public Broadcasting – SkyTruth Expands, Offers Marcellus Drilling Data http://www.wvpubcast.org/newsarticle.aspx?id=22364 Radio interview with John and Paul Link to full interview: http://dl.dropbox.com/u/17278551/1027Skytruth.mp3 West Virginia Public Broadcasting Station – This Week In West Virginia http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9T-S56LZhRs Features 3 minute segment on SkyTruth focusing on Marcellus Shale Drilling Wired Science – Gulf Oil Shouldn’t Spill Beneath the Radar http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/04/satellites-gulf-oil-spills/ Features interview with John Wired Science – Nigeria Oil Spill Raises Concerns About New Drilling Tech http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/12/nigeria-oil-spill/ Interview with John and image by SkyTruth .
Recommended publications
  • 201 2 Annual Report If You Can See It
    201 2 Annual Report If you can see it, You can change it... Image: Artist's Rendering of Envisat - European Space Agency From the Desk of the President: In the day-to-day rush, it can sometimes be hard to find the time to step back and look at the big picture. At SkyTruth, though, most of what we do is "look at the big picture" -- the phenomenal perspective of satellite imagery, aerial photos, and spatial data that help us see the environmental issues affecting our entire planet. To name just one example, exporting coal to Asia will not just impact public health and wildlife habitat in the Powder River Basin and Appalachia, but also the health and quality of life in the Pacific Northwest and Gulf Coast communities that dozens of mile-long trains will pass through daily, respiratory health from all who breathe the air polluted by power stations in smog-plagued China, and global climate change that will influence us all. However, even as we monitor problems the earth is facing, we remain hopeful that bringing these images to public attention will motivate care for our planet. In 201 2, our talented GIS analyst Sara Scoville-Weaver departed to further her career in the field of GIS and remote sensing, but in September we brought on David Manthos as our new Outreach and Communications Director to help spread the SkyTruth vision. With the skills and leadership of our CTO and chief lab-rat, Paul Woods, we developed data-driven approaches to improve understanding of environmental impacts for issues that aren't clearly shown by satellite images alone, such as unconventional shale-gas drilling and hydraulic fracturing (fracking) in the East.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Proximity of Fracking to Communities At-Risk in West Virginia’S Marcellus Shale
    In Everyone’s Backyard: Assessing Proximity of Fracking to Communities At-Risk in West Virginia’s Marcellus Shale Evan Hansen, Lara Cushing, Meghan Betcher, Christian Thomas DOWNSTREAM STRATEGIES 911 Greenbag Road Morgantown, WV 26508 August 15, 2017 WWW.DOWNSTREAMSTRATEGIES.COM In Everyone’s Backyard: Assessing Proximity of Fracking to Communities At-Risk in West Virginia’s Marcellus Shale Executive Summary In the past decade, natural gas drilling and extraction from the Marcellus Shale in West Virginia has grown rapidly. The technique of hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking,” has allowed for the extraction of gas from areas that were previously uneconomic. Further, in comparison with conventional gas wells, the impacts of fracking are also potentially much greater. Fracking requires the construction of large wellpads—often home to multiple wells drilled over a few years—and produces large amounts of solid and liquid waste containing toxic chemicals. In recent years, the public health and medical communities have expressed concerns about environmental issues and the potential for adverse human health impacts in communities located near fracking activities. In this study, we explore whether gas production has become more common near places essential for everyday life in West Virginia, increasing the potential for human exposure to contaminants associated with drilling and natural gas extraction. First, we map and measure the footprint of Marcellus Shale gas development in West Virginia between 2007 and 2014 to evaluate the extent to which drilling has expanded near sensitive land uses such as homes and schools. Most prior studies of the growth of unconventional gas extraction have utilized point location information from permit data rather than polygons.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimating the Creation and Removal Date of Fracking Ponds Using Trend Analysis of Landsat Imagery Rutherford V
    Environmental Studies Faculty Publications Environmental Studies 1-5-2018 Estimating the Creation and Removal Date of Fracking Ponds Using Trend Analysis of Landsat Imagery Rutherford V. Platt Gettysburg College David Manthos SkyTruth John Amos SkyTruth Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/esfac Part of the Environmental Monitoring Commons, and the Oil, Gas, and Energy Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Platt, Rutherford V., Manthos, David, and Amos, John. "Estimating the Creation and Removal Date of Fracking Ponds Using Trend Analysis of Landsat Imagery." Environmental Management (5 January 2018). This is the author's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/esfac/91 This open access article is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Estimating the Creation and Removal Date of Fracking Ponds Using Trend Analysis of Landsat Imagery Abstract Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a process of introducing liquid at high pressure to create fractures in shale rock formations, thus releasing natural gas. Flowback and produced water from fracking operations is typically stored in temporary open-air earthen impoundments, or frack ponds. Unfortunately, in the United States there is no public record of the location of impoundments, or the dates that impoundments are created or removed. In this study we use a dataset of drilling-related impoundments in Pennsylvania identified through the FrackFinder project led by SkyTruth, an environmental non-profit.
    [Show full text]
  • Where to Turn Resource Directory
    Where to Turn Resource Directory www.facebook.com/EnvironmentalHealthProject @EHPinfo This guide was created for those: TABLE OF CONTENTS • living with unconventional oil and gas development (UOGD), commonly known as “fracking”; • wanting to learn more about UOGD/fracking and its impacts; EMERGENCY CONTACTS ............................. 4 • needing assistance with fracking-related emergencies, health Health Related .......................................... 4 concerns, legal assistance, and other services; and Environment Related .................................... 4 • looking for opportunities to get involved. LOCAL AND STATE LEGISLATORS .................... 6 The resources selected in this booklet have been used by EHP in the past or recommended to EHP by partners. Many of the resources are focused here in Southwestern PA, but many will ORGANIZATIONS ..................................... 7 also be useful to a nation-wide audience. If you would like to be added to this list or have any questions or RESOURCES. 31 corrections regarding these resources, call 724-260-5504 or email [email protected]. Children ............................................... 31 Environmental Exposure ................................ 31 Last updated: May 2018 Glossaries/Acronyms .................................... 34 Health. 34 Infrastructure Related to Natural Gas ..................... 38 Landowners ........................................... 40 Legal .................................................. 42 Organizing ............................................
    [Show full text]
  • Deepwater Disaster: How the Oil Spill Estimates Got It Wrong
    Best guess versus worst case Deepwater disaster: how the oil spill estimates got it wrong “There is no crude emanating from that riser.” Then the official estimate was 1000 barrels a day, then 5000. The true figure was 58 000 barrels of oil a day leaking into the Gulf of Mexico. Why did the authorities so consistently underestimate the flow from the Deepwater disaster, and what damage did those underestimates do? Ian MacDonald reveals the smoking gun behind BP’s erroneous statistics. On April 20th, 2010, the explosion and sinking of a consequential variable in the ongoing emergency: the semi-submersible drilling rig called Deepwater Horizon discharge rate of oil: that is, the number of barrels of oil killed 11 people and initiated a furious eruption of oil per day gushing into the ocean far below the surface. and gas from BP’s Macando well, which was located Official reports on the release and discharge rates in 1500 m of water 75 km southeast of Grand Island, were issued by authorities of the Unified Command, Louisiana. The discharge was virtually unabated for which was an often uneasy alliance between BP and 84 days until a steel cap was installed and successfully the US government represented by no less than four closed, staunching the flow completely, on 15th July. cabinet-level departments (of Commerce, Energy, Emergency operations continued around the clock to Homeland Security, and the Interior). Unfortunately, it drill a second, intercepting, shaft and install a final plug took these authorities a very long time to get the rate into the bottom of the blown-out well.
    [Show full text]
  • Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill—MODIS/Terra Detail Working on the Periphery of the Slick
    Copyright © 2010 Environmental Law Institute®, Washington, DC. reprinted with permission from ELR®, http://www.eli.org, 1-800-433-5120. Impacts, Perception, and Policy Implications of the Deepwater Horizon Oil and Gas Disaster by Elliott A . Norse and John Amos Elliott A . Norse is President, Marine Conservation Biology Institute, Bellevue, Washington . John Amos is President, SkyTruth, Shepherdstown, West Virginia . I. Background In many places, truth is what economic interests or gov- and gas drilling for the industry and the federal govern- ernment say it is, and the media and legal institutions are ment, respectively, and now, as chief executive officers their facilitators . But countries with a robust nongovern- of small environmental nonprofit organizations, we offer mental sector have made the decision to welcome (or at least this Article on what is seen as the greatest environmental tolerate) unblinking, independent scrutiny as a way to create catastrophe in U .S . history . Our purpose is to help people both more just societies and more effective economies and remember this very recent past, and thereby avoid being governments . When disseminated publicly, the analyses of condemned to repeat it . Because this event is so recent, skilled nongovernmental observers can provide crucial per- almost none of the work we cite has appeared in the peer- spective and a useful reality check on powerful economic reviewed scientific literature . interests and government . As scientists (JA is a geologist; EAN is a marine biologist) who worked on aspects of oil A. How It Happened Authors’ Note: During an environmental trauma of this magnitude, In the early months of 2010, a technological marvel floated when emotions are running high and information is scarce, scattered, in the Gulf of Mexico, 50 miles off the Louisiana coast .
    [Show full text]
  • Oil and Gas in the GULF of MEXICO
    Oil and Gas in the GULF OF MEXICO gulf restoration network TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 TRACKING POLLUTION IN THE GULF 4 BIG STORMS AND BIG SPILLS IN 2017 5 TAYLOR OIL LEAK’S IMPACTS TO ENDANGERED TURTLES 7 RECENT DEEP LEAKS: SHELL AND LLOG 9 PROTECTING OUR COMMUNITIES 10 Released: April 18, 2018 1 Introduction: The Gulf of Mexico is a unique natural, economic and recreational treasure that is central to the culture and heritage of five states and several nations, but it is also under threat. The 2010 BP drilling disaster was a wake-up call for many – demonstrating the devastating consequences that a large scale oil catastrophe can have on this region’s coastal communities, wildlife and economy. The BP disaster was the largest ever offshore oil spill in the United States, but, sadly, oil spills and accidents were a daily reality before 2010 and continue to plague the Gulf today. Since that disaster, GRN has been conducting regular monitoring trips via plane and sea to document both BP’s oil and the ongoing impacts of oil and gas exploration, development and production in this region. We’ve conducted over a hundred monitoring trips and reported hundreds of oil and chemical spills to state and federal authorities. Despite some safety reforms in the wake of the BP disaster, GRN’s monitoring work and government data make it clear that oil and gas spills and accidents continue to plague this region. This report highlights a new tool that GRN is launching to better document the incidents we discover during our monitoring trips, shares examples of some of the most egregious oil and gas spills last year, and recommends reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Resource Reporting and Water Footprint from Marcellus Shale Development in West Virginia and Pennsylvania Evan Hansen, Dustin Mulvaney, and Meghan Betcher
    Water RResource Reporting and Water Footprint from Marcellus Shale Development in West Virginia and Pennsylvania Prepared by Evan Hansenθ π Dustin Mulvaney Meghan Betcherθ θ Downstream Strategies 295 High Street Suite 3 Morgantown, WV 26505 www.downstreamstrategies.com π San Jose State University 1 Washington Square San Jose, CA 95112 Prepared for Earthworks Oil & Gas Accountability Project PO Box 1102 Durango, CO 81302 Final Report October 30, 2013 i | P a g e Water Resource Reporting and Water Footprint from Marcellus Shale Development in West Virginia and Pennsylvania Evan Hansen, Dustin Mulvaney, and Meghan Betcher ABOUT THE AUTHORS Evan Hansen, M.S., Principal, Water Program, Downstream Strategies. Mr. Hansen founded Downstream Strategies, an environmental consulting company in West Virginia, in 1997. He explores resource and environmental problems and solutions in three areas: water, energy, and land. He manages interdisciplinary research teams, performs quantitative and qualitative policy and scientific analyses, provides expert testimony, facilitates stakeholder meetings, and performs field monitoring. Dustin Mulvaney, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Sustainable Energy Resources, Department of Environmental Studies, San Jose State University. Dr. Mulvaney is an interdisciplinary researcher with Restate the title here expertise in social science research methodologies as well as life-cycle analysis, with a focus on solar energy List technologies,the authors again biofuels, here and natural gas. He is a life cycle analysis consultant to biofuel companies and has provided expert testimony in numerous cases before the California Public Utilities Commission on the impacts of electricity prices on solar energy deployment and energy efficiency. Dr Mulvaney is a peer reviewer for the National Science Foundation, as well as eight research journals including Environmental Science & Technology, Solar Energy, and the Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Fracking by the Numbers
    Fracking by the Numbers Key Impacts of Dirty Drilling at the State and National Level Fracking by the Numbers Key Impacts of Dirty Drilling at the State and National Level Written by: Elizabeth Ridlington Frontier Group John Rumpler Environment America Research & Policy Center October 2013 Acknowledgments Environment America Research & Policy Center sincerely thanks John Amos of SkyTruth, Anthony Ingraffea, Ph.D., P.E., and Kari Matsko, Director of People’s Oil & Gas Collaborative-Ohio for their review of drafts of this document, as well as their insights and suggestions. Tareq Alani, Spencer Alt, Elise Sullivan and Anna Vanderspek provided valuable research assistance. Thanks also to Travis Madsen of Frontier Group for technical assistance, and Tony Dutzik and Benjamin Davis of Frontier Group for editorial help. We also are grateful to the many state agency staff who answered our numerous questions and requests for data. Many of them are listed by name in the methodology. Environment America Research & Policy Center thanks the V. Kann Rasmussen Foundation and the Park Foundation for making this report possible. The authors bear responsibility for any factual errors. The recommendations are those of Environment America Research & Policy Center. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our funders or those who provided review. © 2013 Environment America Research & Policy Center Environment America Research & Policy Center is a 501(c)(3) organization. We are dedicated to protecting our air, water and open spaces. We investigate problems, craft solutions, educate the public and decision- makers, and help the public make their voices heard in local, state and national debates over the quality of our environment and our lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Media Log – 2012 Highlights
    Media Log – 2012 Highlights USA Today – Nigeria: 2 presumed dead after Chevron rig fire http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/story/2012-01-19/nigeria-rig-fire/52676696/1 Features segment of SkyTruth’s blog of 1/17 in an AP* story: “A satellite image showed that the fire was at least 1,340 degrees Fahrenheit, "hot enough to soften steel," an independent watchdog group called SkyTruth said on its website.” Washington Post – Chevron: Search called off for 2 missing foreign workers off Nigeria’s coast after fire http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/chevron-search-called-off-for-2-missing-rig-workers-off- nigerias-coast-after-fire/2012/01/19/gIQALu619P_story.html Features segment of SkyTruth’s blog of 1/17 in an AP* story. *This AP story was picked up by an estimated 400+ media outlets. Alabama Press-Register – Taylor Energy wells still leaking in Gulf after 8 years http://blog.al.com/live/2012/02/taylor_energy_wells_still_leak.html Features interview with Paul about the Taylor Energy wells continuous leak Washington Post - Dead fish, health problems emerge as Chevron rig off Nigeria continues to burn after accident http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/dead-fish-health-problems-emerge-as-chevron-rig-off- nigeria-continues-to-burn-after-accident/2012/02/06/gIQABUQYtQ_story.html Mentions SkyTruth’s quote from January’s AP article: “A satellite image showed that the fire at a point was at least 1,340 degrees Fahrenheit (nearly 730 degrees Celsius), “hot enough to soften steel,” an independent watchdog group called SkyTruth said.” Deep
    [Show full text]
  • Fracking by the Numbers
    Fracking by the Numbers Key Impacts of Dirty Drilling at the State and National Level Fracking by the Numbers Key Impacts of Dirty Drilling at the State and National Level Written by: Elizabeth Ridlington Frontier Group John Rumpler Environment America Research & Policy Center October 2013 Acknowledgments Environment Ohio Research & Policy Center sincerely thanks John Amos of SkyTruth, Anthony Ingraffea, Ph.D., P.E., and Kari Matsko, Director of People’s Oil & Gas Collaborative-Ohio for their review of drafts of this document, as well as their insights and suggestions. Tareq Alani, Spencer Alt, Elise Sullivan and Anna Vanderspek provided valuable research assistance. Thanks also to Travis Madsen of Frontier Group for technical assistance, and Tony Dutzik and Benjamin Davis of Frontier Group for editorial help. We also are grateful to the many state agency staff who answered our numerous questions and requests for data. Many of them are listed by name in the methodology. Environment Ohio Research & Policy Center thanks the V. Kann Rasmussen Foundation and the Park Foundation for making this report possible. The authors bear responsibility for any factual errors. The recommendations are those of Environment Ohio Research & Policy Center. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our funders or those who provided review. © 2013 Environment Ohio Research & Policy Center The Environment Ohio Research & Policy Center is a 501(c)(3) organization. We are dedicated to protecting Ohio’s air, water and open spaces. We investigate problems, craft solutions, educate the public and decision-makers, and help Ohioans make their voices heard in local, state and national debates over the quality of our environment and our lives.
    [Show full text]
  • Associations of Unconventional Natural Gas Development with Asthma Exacerbations and Depressive Symptoms in Pennsylvania
    ASSOCIATIONS OF UNCONVENTIONAL NATURAL GAS DEVELOPMENT WITH ASTHMA EXACERBATIONS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN PENNSYLVANIA by Sara Rasmussen A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland April, 2017 Abstract Background: Unconventional natural gas development (UNGD) has proceeded rapidly in Pennsylvania, which now accounts for over 25% of the country’s unconventional natural gas production. UNGD has been associated with air quality and community impacts. Objectives: 1) Evaluate associations of UNGD metrics with asthma exacerbations. 2) Compare different approaches to UNGD activity assessment with one another and in associations with mild asthma exacerbations. 3) Evaluate associations of UNGD metrics with depression symptoms. 4) Evaluate whether and how other aspects of UNGD (impoundments, compressor engines, flaring events) should be incorporated into UNGD activity metrics. Methods: The health studies were conducted using electronic data from the Geisinger Clinic in Pennsylvania. We created UNGD metrics for four phases of well development. We conducted a nested case-control study comparing asthma patients with exacerbations to asthma patients without exacerbations from 2005-12. We then re- evaluated the mild exacerbation associations after replacing our UNGD metrics with those used in prior studies. We evaluated the association of UNGD metrics with depression symptoms ascertained from questionnaire data. We identified UNGD-related impoundments, compressor engines, and flaring using crowdsourcing, abstraction of paper records, and satellite data, respectively, and conducted a principal component analysis (PCA) of UNGD metrics created for wells, impoundments and compressor engines. Results: From the mid-2000s through 2015, 9,669 wells were drilled in Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]