DOCSLIB.ORG

Corybas Dowlingii DL Jones, 2004

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Corybas Dowlingii DL Jones, 2004 © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission Technical Report (Excerpt) Modelling current and future habitat suitability of the rare Red Helmet Orchid (Corybas dowlingii D.L. Jones, 2004) © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020 1 | P a g e © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission Technical Report (Excerpt) 1. Introduction Orchids belong to the second world’s largest family of flowering plants, which comprises 736 currently recognized genera, and nearly 28,000 species (Chase, Cameron et al. 2015). Among them is the Red Helmet Orchid, a rare terrestrial colonially growing tuberous herb, also known as Red Lantern. This perennial deciduous plant is officially classified as Corybas dowlingii D.L. Jones (Streptophyta; Magnoliopsida; Asparagales; Orchidaceae) and was first described in 2004 (Jones 2004) (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Dendrogram of the family Orchidaceae based on classification (not on phylogeny), highlighting the taxonomic position of the Red Helmet Orchid (Corybas dowlingii), within the tribe Diurideae, subtribe Acianthinae (mod. from (Chase, Cameron et al. 2015)). The Red Helmet Orchid has a single dark green leaf, cordate to orbicular, with a tapered end (15-35 mm long; 15-35 mm wide), and a solitary dark purple/red flower, with white patchy 2 | P a g e © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission Technical Report (Excerpt) areas on the labellum (Jones 2004, NSW Government - Office of Environment and Heritage 2020) (Fig 2). Fig. 2. The Red Helmet Orchid (Corybas dowlingii) (Photo credit: Lachlan Copeland; www.environment.nsw.gov.au). The Scientific Committee of the NSW Government lists C. dowlingii as an endangered species (NSW Government - NSW Threatened Species Scientific Committee 2020), under the NSW Threatened Species Conservation Act (Government of New South Wales 1995). Among the main factors affecting this recommendation is the orchid’s highly restricted known distribution. Orchids populate a wide variety of habitats worldwide. The taxon includes highly specialized species, adapted to relatively extreme values of light, soil pH, temperatures, moisture, altitude etc. (Djordjevic, Tsiftsis et al. 2020). Despite this overall plasticity at higher taxonomic level, a number of species display remarkably narrow geographic distributions, and, consequently, are highly vulnerable to ecological threats, and anthropogenic pressure. C. dowlingii, is endemic to Australia and believed to be confined only to New South Wales, where it has so far been found at two localities in Port Stephens, plus two additional sites near Bulahdelah, and Freemans Waterhole, south of Newcastle (Okada 2006). The Red Lanterns are commonly found in shady and protected areas of the understory of tall open forests, like gullies and southerly slopes, characterized by well-drained gravelly soils, and low elevation (Jones 2006). Documented occurrences (about 18,400 plants) cover <1,000 Km2 of land in total; however, with the exception of Port Stephens (≈50 ha), all reported populations occupy areas of less than a few hectares each. No occurrence has been found within existing conservation reserves. Rather, clearing, illegal dumping, habitat degradation and fragmentation, and anthropogenic disturbance are major factors, contributing to a steady decline in numbers (Okada 2006). 3 | P a g e © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission Technical Report (Excerpt) The present report uses species distribution modelling (SDM) with MaxEnt (Phillips, Anderson et al. 2006) to model the C. dowlingii’s fundamental niche, across most NSW coastal area and eastern Victoria. Habitat suitability prediction was based on environmental predictors like soil properties, and gridded conformal datasets of spatially-interpolated monthly climate data, averaged between 1970-2000, at high spatial resolution (≈1 Km2) (Fick and Hijmans 2017). 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 GIS Processing Processing in GIS was conducted in ArcGIS Pro 2.6.2. The raster to ASCII tool was used to convert raster datasets to an ASCII text file for further processing. Prior to the conversion, the soil pH grid was reclassified as follows: pH 0 to 5.5 (i.e., acidic)=value 1; pH 5.5 to 8 (neutral)=value 2; pH 8 to 9 (alkaline)=value 3; pH 9 to 14 (highly alkaline)=value 4. After pre-processing, all final grids had the same call size (0.008 angular units), and geographic coordinate system (WGS 1984). 2.2 Occurrence Data and Environmental Variables C. dowlingii observations (n=165), recorded between 2003 and 2018 from n=11 sites, were downloaded from the Biodiversity and Climate Change Virtual Lab website (BCCVL - Biodiversity and Climate Change Virtual Lab 2020) (Fig 3). 4 | P a g e © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission Technical Report (Excerpt) Fig. 3. Location of occurrence sites used, in the present report, to model the species distribution of the rare Red Helmet Orchid (Corybas dowlingii). 5 | P a g e © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission Technical Report (Excerpt) Global climate and weather data were obtained from WorldClim (WorldClim 2020). For the present analysis we used the complete bioclimatic dataset (n=19), including biologically meaningful monthly temperature- and rainfall- values (Fick and Hijmans 2017), plus the categorical factors included soil cover, and pH (Table 1). For landcover, the Australia Dynamic Land Cover categorical dataset 1.0 (DLCDv1_Class_Reduced) was used. This shows a single snapshot of Australian land cover between 2000 and 2008, at 9 arcsec (Australian Government - Geoscience Australia 2020). pH soil data from the 5-15cm layer with 95th percentile confidence limit (pHc_005_015_95_N_P_AU_NAT_C_20140801) was sourced from TERN AusCover (TERN AusCover 2020), and used after reclassification as categorical data. Table 1. Environmental variables, meaning and data type, used in the present analysis. Variable Meaning Type BIO1 Annual Mean Temperature Continuous Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp - min BIO2 Continuous temp)) BIO3 Isothermality (BIO2/BIO7) (×100) Continuous BIO4 Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation ×100) Continuous BIO5 Max Temperature of Warmest Month Continuous BIO6 Min Temperature of Coldest Month Continuous BIO7 Temperature Annual Range (BIO5-BIO6) Continuous BIO8 Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter Continuous BIO9 Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter Continuous BIO10 Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter Continuous BIO11 Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter Continuous BIO12 Annual Precipitation Continuous BIO13 Precipitation of Wettest Month Continuous BIO14 Precipitation of Driest Month Continuous BIO15 Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation) Continuous BIO16 Precipitation of Wettest Quarter Continuous BIO17 Precipitation of Driest Quarter Continuous BIO18 Precipitation of Warmest Quarter Continuous BIO19 Precipitation of Coldest Quarter Continuous 6 | P a g e © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission Technical Report (Excerpt) BIOcateg20 Land cover Categorical BIOcateg21 Soil pH Categorical 2.3 Model Evaluation Spatially-independent evaluations and estimate of optimal model complexity were performed in R version 4.0.2 (Taking Off Again), using the ENMeval package, and the random k-fold (bins) method of cross-validation, with n=10,000 background points (Muscarella, Galante et al. 2014). Other R libraries used were: rJava, Raster, dismo, and MASS. MaxEnt settings (based on ENMeval evaluation results) included: Features=LQHPT; Regularization multiplier (rm)=0.5; Output format=Cloglog; Random seed=yes; Max No. background points=10,000; Replicates (i.e., model folds)=10; Replicated run type=Cross validate; Maximum iterations=500; Convergence threshold=0.00001. 2.4 Future Climate Change Scenarios CMIP6 downscaled future climate projections (downscaled and calibrated with WorldClim v2.1 as baseline) (Eyring, Bony et al. 2016) were used for the global climate model (GCM) CNRM-ESM2-1 (Séférian, Nabat et al. 2019), and the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) 3-7.0, which models global warming if climate policies are not fully enacted (Riahi, van Vuuren et al. 2017). The present report used monthly values averaged over 2021-2040, at 2.5 minutes resolution. No categorical data were included for this modelling projection. 3. Results 3.1 Current Climatic Conditions Figures 4 and 5 illustrate land cover and soil pH across the study area. Documented occurrences were found only in dense forests characterized by acidic soils (pH <5.5). 7 | P a g e © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission Technical Report (Excerpt) Fig. 4. Orchid occurrences and land cover classes used for modelling. 8 | P a g e © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission Technical Report (Excerpt) Fig. 5. Orchid occurrences and soil pH classes used for modelling. 9 | P a g e © Econumerics Pty Ltd 2020. Reproduction and distribution prohibited without permission Technical Report (Excerpt) Figures 6 and 7 show the orchid’s mean niche suitability, and standard deviation of the nine output grids, under current climatic conditions. In Fig. 6 the values have been thresholded using the 10th percentile training presence test omission (i.e., 0.8889). The habitat is restricted to a narrow coastal strip for a
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seidenfaden Malaysia: 0.65 These Figures Are Surprisingly High, They Apply to Single Only. T
    BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MALESIAN ORCHIDACEAE 273 VIII. Biogeographyof Malesian Orchidaceae A. Schuiteman Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands INTRODUCTION The Orchidaceae outnumber far other in Malesia. At how- by any plant family present, accurate estimate of the of Malesian orchid is difficult to make. ever, an number species Subtracting the numberofestablishedsynonyms from the numberof names attributed to Malesian orchid species results in the staggering figure of 6414 species, with a retention of 0.74. This is ratio (ratio of ‘accepted’ species to heterotypic names) undoubtedly a overestimate, of the 209 Malesian orchid have been revised gross as most genera never their entire from availablerevisions estimate realis- over range. Extrapolating to a more tic retention ratio is problematic due to the small number of modern revisions and the different of treated. If look for Malesian of nature the groups we comparison at species wide ofretention ratios: some recently revised groups, we encounter a range Bulbophylluw sect. Uncifera (Vermeulen, 1993): 0.24 Dendrobium sect. Oxyglossum (Reeve & Woods, 1989): 0.24 Mediocalcar (Schuiteman, 1997): 0.29 Pholidota (De Vogel, 1988): 0.29 Bulbophyllum sect. Pelma (Vermeulen, 1993): 0.50 Paphiopedilum (Cribb, 1987, modified): 0.57 Dendrobium sect. Spatulata (Cribb, 1986, modified): 0.60. Correspondingly, we find a wide rangeof estimates for the ‘real’ numberof known Male- sian orchid species: from 2050 to 5125. Another approach would be to look at a single area, and to compute the retention ratio for the orchid flora of that area. If we do this for Java (mainly based on Comber, 1990), Peninsular Malaysia & Singapore (Seidenfaden & Wood, 1992) and Sumatra (J.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchid Historical Biogeography, Diversification, Antarctica and The
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2016) ORIGINAL Orchid historical biogeography, ARTICLE diversification, Antarctica and the paradox of orchid dispersal Thomas J. Givnish1*, Daniel Spalink1, Mercedes Ames1, Stephanie P. Lyon1, Steven J. Hunter1, Alejandro Zuluaga1,2, Alfonso Doucette1, Giovanny Giraldo Caro1, James McDaniel1, Mark A. Clements3, Mary T. K. Arroyo4, Lorena Endara5, Ricardo Kriebel1, Norris H. Williams5 and Kenneth M. Cameron1 1Department of Botany, University of ABSTRACT Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, Aim Orchidaceae is the most species-rich angiosperm family and has one of USA, 2Departamento de Biologıa, the broadest distributions. Until now, the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny has Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia, 3Centre for Australian National Biodiversity prevented analyses of orchid historical biogeography. In this study, we use such Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia, a phylogeny to estimate the geographical spread of orchids, evaluate the impor- 4Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, tance of different regions in their diversification and assess the role of long-dis- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, tance dispersal (LDD) in generating orchid diversity. 5 Santiago, Chile, Department of Biology, Location Global. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Methods Analyses use a phylogeny including species representing all five orchid subfamilies and almost all tribes and subtribes, calibrated against 17 angiosperm fossils. We estimated historical biogeography and assessed the
    [Show full text]
  • Native Orchid Society of South Australia
    NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA JOURNAL Volume 7, No. 2, March, 1983 Registered by Australia Post Publication No. SBH 1344. Price 40c PATRON: Mr T.R.N. Lothian PRESIDENT: Mr J.T. Simmons SECRETARY: Mr E.R. Hargreaves 4 Gothic Avenue 1 Halmon Avenue STONYFELL S.A. 5066 EVERARD PARK SA 5035 Telephone 32 5070 Telephone 293 2471 297 3724 VICE-PRESIDENT: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven COMMITTEE: Mr R. Shooter Mr P. Barnes TREASURER: Mr R.T. Robjohns Mrs A. Howe Mr R. Markwick EDITOR: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven NEXT MEETING When: Tuesday 22 March, 1983 at 8.00 p.m. Where: St. Matthews Hall, Bridge Street, Kensington. Subject: First item of the evening will be the proposed changes to the Constitution. Followed by the Annual General Meeting. The normal monthly meeting will take place at the finish of election of officers. One of our own members, Mr Reg Shooter, will speak and show slides on "How I Grow Dendrobiums". If you want to learn how to grow dendrobiums perfectly don't miss this one. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING NOMINATIONS The following nominations have been received for Committee positions 1983: President: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven Vice President: Mr R. Shooter Secretary: Mr R. Hargreaves Treasurer: Mr R. Robjohns Committee: Mrs M. Fuller Mr R. Bates Mr W. Harris Mr R. Barnes still has one year to serve. 12 TUBER BANK REPORT 1982-83 D. Wells An increase in demand for scarcer, Our own club has benefited by tubers less common tubers resulted in the being supplied for raffles, trading quantity per person lower than last table and sales at our own many sell- year, nevertheless most orders were ing outlets at Shows, etc., raising supplied without substitutes.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER?
    Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica BACKHOUSE, GARY N. ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER? A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 7, núm. 1-2, marzo, 2007, pp. 28- 43 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44339813005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 28-43. 2007. ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER? A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA GARY N. BACKHOUSE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Division, Department of Sustainability and Environment 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia [email protected] KEY WORDS:threatened orchids Australia conservation status Introduction Many orchid species are included in this list. This paper examines the listing process for threatened Australia has about 1700 species of orchids, com- orchids in Australia, compares regional and national prising about 1300 named species in about 190 gen- lists of threatened orchids, and provides recommen- era, plus at least 400 undescribed species (Jones dations for improving the process of listing regionally 2006, pers. comm.). About 1400 species (82%) are and nationally threatened orchids. geophytes, almost all deciduous, seasonal species, while 300 species (18%) are evergreen epiphytes Methods and/or lithophytes. At least 95% of this orchid flora is endemic to Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Monograph (1953) Ofnothofagus
    BLUMEA 29 (1984) 399-408 Miscellaneous botanicalnotes XXVII C.G.G.J.van Steenis J.F. Veldkamp al. , et Rijksherbarium, Leiden, The Netherlands 160. SOME NOTES ON FAGACEAE In thesis B.S. has about the a recent Fey (Zürich) developed a new theory origin of the cupule in Fagaceae. He has concluded that the appendages (spines, lamellae, etc.) on the outside of the cupule are regularly arranged and that they reflect a con- of dichasial flower densation (concrescence) a system, so that cupule and fruit(s) form of together the representation one ancestral inflorescence; the cupular appen- dages would then largely represent the bracts of the ancestral inflorescence. This stands in contrast with former opinions, in which the cupule was interpreted of as separate vegetative origin from the nut(s) which was (were) the remain(s) of the inflorescence. this 'unified' for I cannot agree with hypothesis, which I have given arguments in my monograph (1953) ofNothofagus. In the at the inside of their characteris- Nothofagus stipules carry insertion always tic colleters. Such colleters occur also, though in smaller quantity, at the inside of the cupular appendages, which are, in Nothofagus lamellae. To me they a , represent 'tracer' for the interpretation of their ancestral origin, namely that the cupule is of vegetative origin and the result of a condensation of twigs, a condensed concrescent of of system stipules covering an inner 'lining' a twig. This also readily explains the regularity in the structure of the cupule which in Nothofagus tends to be 4-valved and would with four the distichous agree stipules in rows in phyllotaxis.
    [Show full text]
  • A Literature Review of Corybas Rivularis (A.Cunn.) Rchb.F.; the Natural History, Taxonomy and Ecology
    http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/ Research Commons at the University of Waikato Copyright Statement: The digital copy of this thesis is protected by the Copyright Act 1994 (New Zealand). The thesis may be consulted by you, provided you comply with the provisions of the Act and the following conditions of use: Any use you make of these documents or images must be for research or private study purposes only, and you may not make them available to any other person. Authors control the copyright of their thesis. You will recognise the author’s right to be identified as the author of the thesis, and due acknowledgement will be made to the author where appropriate. You will obtain the author’s permission before publishing any material from the thesis. A Taxonomic Review of Corybas rivularis (Orchidaceae) – Inferred from Molecular and Morphological Analyses A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biological Sciences at The University of Waikato by Abraham John Coffin 2016 Drawings of Corybas rivularis (top), C. “kaimai” (middle) and C. “whiskers” (bottom). Illustrated by Abraham Coffin. Abstract This research has expanded the level of precision utilised in critically examining the morphology of Corybas rivularis Rchb.f (Orchidaceae), related species and undescribed populations. Corybas rivularis and related species have undergone taxonomic revisions, incorporating errors that took decades to discover. Utilising morphological and molecular analyses has provided insights into this problematic group. A new protocol for examining the morphological characteristics of C. rivularis has been developed, based on concepts of floral morphometrics, to determine the level of morphological variation within the species, closely related species and a range of undescribed populations, some of which have tag-names.
    [Show full text]
  • Five New Species of Corybas (Diurideae, Orchidaceae) Endemic to New Zealand and Phylogeny of the Nematoceras Clade
    Phytotaxa 270 (1): 001–024 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.270.1.1 Five new species of Corybas (Diurideae, Orchidaceae) endemic to New Zealand and phylogeny of the Nematoceras clade CARLOS A. LEHNEBACH1, ANDREAS J. ZELLER1, JONATHAN FRERICKS2 & PETER RITCHIE2 1Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO BOX 467, Wellington. New Zealand; email: [email protected] 2Victoria University of Wellington, PO BOX 600, Wellington, New Zealand Abstract Five new species of Corybas endemic to New Zealand, C. confusus, C. obscurus, C. sanctigeorgianus, C. vitreus, and C. wallii are described. These species are segregated from the Corybas trilobus aggregate based on morphometric and DNA fingerprinting (AFLP) analyses. A key to the new species is also provided, and their distribution and conservation status are included. Phylogenetic results showed that, despite the great morphological and ecological diversity of these orchids, genetic divergence between species is low, suggesting recent diversification. We also found evidence for multiple dispersal events from New Zealand to several offshore and sub-Antarctic islands. Key words: Brood-site deception, dispersal, islands, Mycetophila, speciation, sub-Antarctic, threatened flora Introduction Islands provide exceptional settings to investigate the evolution of biological diversity. Because of their discrete boundaries and isolated nature, the presence of a species can only be explained by dispersal from mainland sources or in situ speciation (Valente et al. 2014). Speciation may occur rapidly on these remote habitats, giving rise to species- rich lineages that may exhibit exceptional morphological and ecological diversification (Losos & Ricklefs 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Corybas Rotundifolius
    Corybas rotundifolius COMMON NAME Helmet Orchid SYNONYMS Corysanthes matthewsii Cheeseman, Corysanthes rotundifolia (Hook.f.) Hook.f., Nematoceras rotundifolia Hook.f., the New Zealand plant has also been confused with the Australian Corybas unguiculatus (R.Br.) Reichb.f.; Anzybas rotundifolius (Hook.f.) D.L.Jones et M.A.Clem. FAMILY Orchidaceae AUTHORITY Corybas rotundifolius (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes ENDEMIC GENUS No ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Orchids NVS CODE Corybas rotundifolius. Photographer: Ian St ANZROT George CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 36 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon | Qualifiers: EF, Sp PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | At Risk – Naturally Uncommon 2004 | Sparse DISTRIBUTION Endemic. New Zealand: North Island from Te Paki to near the Manawatu Gorge (However, all recent records come from Te Paki south to the Warkworth area with one outlier at Opuatia, near Rangiriri) and recently (2007) discovered on Chatham and (2008) Great Barrier Island HABITAT A species frequenting open though often heavily shaded sites overlying seasonally waterlogged soils. It is often found in deep drifts of leaf litter, particularly under kanuka (Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich.) Joy. Thomps. or in association with regenerating kauri (Agathis australis (D.Don) Lindl.) Unripe seed capsule. Te Paki. Sep 2008. forest. In parts of Northland it is frequently found in gumland scrub, Photographer: Jeremy Rolfe though usually in shaded sites, often in or along the sides of drains. FEATURES Diminutive orchid forming small colonies of 2-6 plants within deep drifts of leaf litter on poorly drained ground usually under regenerating forest or within gum land scrub.
    [Show full text]
  • Corybas Acuminatus
    Corybas acuminatus COMMON NAME Spider Orchid SYNONYMS Corysanthes acuminata (M.A.Clem. et Hatch) Szlach.; Nematoceras acuminatum (M.A.Clem. et Hatch) Molloy, D.L.Jones et M.A.Clem. FAMILY Orchidaceae AUTHORITY Corybas acuminatus M.A.Clements et Hatch FLORA CATEGORY Vascular – Native ENDEMIC TAXON Yes Plant in flower, Coromandel. Photographer: ENDEMIC GENUS John Smith-Dodsworth No ENDEMIC FAMILY No STRUCTURAL CLASS Orchids NVS CODE NEMACU CHROMOSOME NUMBER 2n = 36 CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS 2012 | Not Threatened PREVIOUS CONSERVATION STATUSES 2009 | Not Threatened 2004 | Not Threatened DISTRIBUTION Endemic. North, South, Stewart, Chatham and Auckland Islands Nematoceras acuminatum, Te Kauri Scenic Reserve, September 1985,. Photographer: Peter HABITAT de Lange Lowland to subalpine in damp, usually shaded sites. Preferring tall indigenous forest but also found under dense scrub and around tarns and mires FEATURES Mainly solitary, terrestrial, tuberous, glabrous, winter to summer-green herb. Plant at flowering up to 60 mm tall. Leaf sessile, up to 40 x 20 mm, ovate-acuminate to deltoid, repand, cordate at the base, margins usually undulating; light green above with conspicuous reddish veining, silvery beneath. Leaves of young plants reniform or broadly cordate, rarely pandurate, apiculate, without reddish veining. Floral bract shortly caudate, secondary bract subulate. Flower usually solitary, sessile, more or less translucent, with dull red stripes. Dorsal sepal up to 40 mm long, extending as horizontal, filiform caudae. Lateral sepals filiform, erect and very long, tapering, exceeding the flower by as much as 60 mm. Petals similar, smaller, horizontal or deflexed. Labellum bearing two rounded auricles near base; lamina expanded, abruptly deflexed, mucronate, the margins irregularly fimbriate to entire.
    [Show full text]
  • Native Orchid Society of South Australia
    NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA JOURNAL Volume 4, No. 3, April, 1980 Registered for posting as a publication Category B. Price 40c PATRON: Mr T.R.N. Lothian PRESIDENT: Dr P.E. Hornsby SECRETARY: Mr E.R. Hargreaves 8 Kinross Avenue 1 Halmon Avenue LOWER MITCHAM SA 5062 EVERARD PARK SA 5035 Telephone 293 2471 297 3724 VICE-PRESIDENT: Mr J.R. Simmons COMMITTFE: Mrs A.M. Howe Mr K.W. Western TREASURER: Mr R.T. Robjohns Mr R. Shooter Mr G. Nieuwenhoven EDITOR: Mr L.T. Nesbitt NEXT MEETING When: Tuesday, 22 April, 1980, at 6,00 p.m. Where St. Matthews Hall, Bridge Street, Kensington. Why: Slide programme from Phil Collin and Lloyd Bradford of the Australian Native Orchid Society in New South Wales. Plant display and commentaries, library, raffle and trading table. LAST MEETING Attendance 55 Five members brought along slides for us to view. The highlights were orchids flowering in the Yundi swamps and the rare Thelymitras seen in flower last season. Raffle prizes were Pterostylis nutans and a bottle of Nitrophoska Ron Robjohns commented on the epiphytes on display and Les Nesbitt spoke on the terrestrials. Plants seen Sarcochilus ceciliae (3F) Prasophyllum rufum (2) Dendrobium bigibbum P. nigricans Den. dicuphum Pterostylis baptistii (in bud) Den. cucumerinum Pt. curta (leaves only) Liparis reflexa Pt. revoluta Bulbophyllum exiguum Pt. obtusa (in bud) Eriochilus cucullatus (in bud) 2 POPULAR VOTE Terrestrials: First — Pterostylis revoluta Alwin Clements Second — Pterostylis revoluta Ray Hasse Epiphytes: First — Liparis reflexa Ray Haese equal - Sarcochilus ceciliae P.
    [Show full text]
  • Corybas Dentatus Finniss Helmet-Orchid
    PLANT Corybas dentatus Finniss Helmet-orchid AUS SA AMLR Endemism Life History thought to be extinct but a few plants were rediscovered in 2007 (J. Quarmby pers. comm. 2009). V E E AMLR Perennial Recent surveys in Scott CP found plants that appeared Family ORCHIDACEAE to be hybrids between C. dentatus and C. incurvis (J. Quarmby pers. comm. 2009). Possible new populations were found in the southeast by the Native Orchid Society of South Australia (J. Quarmby pers. comm. 2009). Post-1983 AMLR filtered records scattered from Lyndoch, Rowland Flat, Gumeracha, and Scott CP near Currency Creek.5 There are no pre-1983 records.5 Habitat Occurs in damp, grey, sandy soils under Callistemon sp. or under bracken in woodland of Eucalyptus baxteri and native pines (Jones 1991b).2 Recorded AMLR habitats include: Photo: © Cathy Houston Scott CP: on sand under bracken Cockatoo Valley area: under native pines and Conservation Significance Callistemon sp. in damp soil in grazed area.6 Endemic to the AMLR where the species’ relative area of occupancy is classified as ‘Extremely Within the AMLR the preferred broad vegetation group Restricted’. Relative to all AMLR extant species, the is Heathy Open Forest.5 species' taxonomic uniqueness is classified as ‘High’.5 Within the AMLR the species’ degree of habitat C. dentatus at least in some forms may be of hybrid specialisation is classified as ‘High’.5 origin, perhaps C. incurvus crossed with a flared labellum form of C. despectans.2 Biology and Ecology Flowers from July to August.2 Description Terrestrial herb forming colonies (Jones 1991b).3 Leaf Aboriginal Significance to 4 cm across, green ground hugging.
    [Show full text]
  • Corybas Unguiculatus Small Helmet-Orchid
    PLANT Corybas unguiculatus Small Helmet-orchid AUS SA AMLR Endemism Life History Post-1983 AMLR filtered records from Scott CP and Myponga Reservoir Reserve.4 - R E - Perennial There are no pre-1983 records.4 Family ORCHIDACEAE Habitat Usually found in coastal regions and adjacent ranges; mainly in heathland and heathy forest but also around swamp margins and depressions.7 Recorded in AMLR from stringybark (Eucalyptus baxteri) forest, with Acacia paradoxa, Xanthorrhoea and Banksia ornata. Also in leaf litter under bracken, on damp sandy soil.1,2,5,8 Within the AMLR the preferred broad vegetation group is Heathy Open Forest.4 Within the AMLR the species’ degree of habitat specialisation is classified as ‘High’.4 Biology and Ecology Flowers during the May-July period. The earliest of SA‘s helmet orchids to flower.1 Self-pollinated. A form from peat bogs in the SE flowers only after fire.1 Photo: © Ken Bayley Usually grows in small colonies of sparse individuals.1,6 Conservation Significance Aboriginal Significance The AMLR distribution is disjunct, isolated from other Post-1983 records indicate the AMLR distribution occurs extant occurrences within SA. Within the AMLR the in central Ngarrindjeri and southern Kaurna Nations.4 species’ relative area of occupancy is classified as ‘Extremely Restricted’. Relative to all AMLR extant Threats species, the species' taxonomic uniqueness is Becoming increasingly rare due to loss of habitat.1 classified as ‘High’.4 Flowers are very attractive to slugs and snails.1 Weeds have displaced some populations.3 Description Distinctive tiny helmet-orchid. Single, rounded to Additional current direct threats have been identified ovate leaf, to 3 cm by 2 cm, which is greyish-green and rated for this species.
    [Show full text]