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Socioeconomic Impact of Gambling on Iowans a Study for the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission

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Socioeconomic Impact of Gambling on Iowans a Study for the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission Socioeconomic Impact of Gambling on Iowans A Study for the Iowa Racing and Gaming Commission Prepared by Strategic Economics Group Spectrum Gaming Group May 23, 2014 The Socioeconomic Impact of Gambling on Iowans, 2014 Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................1 Economic and Fiscal Impacts: A Summary............................................................................................... 1 Social Impacts: A Summary ..................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................8 1. Literature Review.................................................................................................................. 10 Economic Impact Studies ...................................................................................................................... 12 Employment Literature Review ............................................................................................................. 15 Impacts on Local Community Services .................................................................................................. 25 Impacts on State and Local Government Finances, Charitable Organizations ...................................... 29 Casinos and Crime ................................................................................................................................. 32 Household Financial Impact Studies ...................................................................................................... 41 Health Impact Studies ........................................................................................................................... 44 Social Services Impact Studies ............................................................................................................... 50 Summary and Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 51 References ............................................................................................................................................ 52 2. History and Overview of Casino Gambling in Iowa ................................................................. 58 History of Gaming Legislation................................................................................................................ 58 The Growth and Evolution of Casino Gambling in Iowa ........................................................................ 65 Statistical Profile of Casino Gambling in Iowa ....................................................................................... 69 Geography of Racetrack and Casino Impacts ........................................................................................ 75 3. Statewide Economic Impact Model Analysis .......................................................................... 82 Description of Economic Indicators ....................................................................................................... 82 Impact of the Iowa Casinos ................................................................................................................... 83 4. Impact of Casinos on the Economies of Host Communities ..................................................... 90 Data and Data Sources .......................................................................................................................... 90 Statewide Economic Trends .................................................................................................................. 92 Economic Impacts in Casino Counties ................................................................................................. 102 5. Comparison of the Economies of Casino and Non-Casino Counties ....................................... 132 Data and Data Sources ........................................................................................................................ 133 Population Changes............................................................................................................................. 135 Personal Income Changes ................................................................................................................... 137 Employment Changes .......................................................................................................................... 151 Retail Sales Changes ............................................................................................................................ 161 Property Valuation Changes ................................................................................................................ 167 Local Views on the Economic Impact of Casinos ................................................................................. 174 6. Community Services Impacts ............................................................................................... 179 Community Services Budget Impacts .................................................................................................. 179 Summary of Comments from Local Officials ....................................................................................... 191 7. Impact of Casino Gambling on Crime ................................................................................... 192 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 192 Summary ............................................................................................................................................. 193 Overall Crime Rate (Category A Offenses) ........................................................................................... 194 Illegal Gambling, Gambling by Minors ................................................................................................. 200 Embezzlement, Insurance Fraud ......................................................................................................... 201 Strategic Economics Group / Spectrum Gaming Group i The Socioeconomic Impact of Gambling on Iowans, 2014 8. Impacts on Household Finances........................................................................................... 204 Consumer Credit ................................................................................................................................. 206 Financial Institutions ........................................................................................................................... 208 Problem Gambling............................................................................................................................... 209 Bankruptcy .......................................................................................................................................... 211 Social Services ..................................................................................................................................... 222 9. Impacts on Household and Community Health and Social Issues .......................................... 231 Family .................................................................................................................................................. 233 Homelessness ...................................................................................................................................... 239 Education ............................................................................................................................................ 241 Gambling Addiction ............................................................................................................................. 246 Substance Abuse ................................................................................................................................. 255 Health and Life Expectancy ................................................................................................................. 256 10. Fiscal Impacts ..................................................................................................................... 261 Charitable Contributions ..................................................................................................................... 261 State and Local Gambling Fees and Taxes ........................................................................................... 262 Casino Property Assessments and Taxes ............................................................................................. 265 Hotel-Motel Tax .................................................................................................................................. 268 State and Local Option Sales Taxes ..................................................................................................... 270 Personal Income Tax ........................................................................................................................... 271 Summary of Fiscal Impacts .................................................................................................................. 272 Appendix ......................................................................................................................................
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