Carol Mann Femmes Afghanes
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Afghanistan's Parliament in the Making
The involvement of women in Afghanistan’s public life is decreasing. Attacks, vigilantism, and legal processes that contradict the basic principles of human and women’s rights are the order of the day. The security situation is worsening in step with the disenchantment E MAKING H arising from the lack of results and functional shortcomings of existing democratic structures. In the face of such difficulties, we often forget who should create the legal underpinnings for the power in Afghanistan: the women and men in parliament who are working to build a state in these turbulent times of transition. To what extent will these elected representatives succeed in creating alternatives to established traditional power structures? What are the obstacles they face? What kinds of networks or caucuses are they establishing? This book, which is based on interviews of male and female members of parliament held in Kabul in 2007 and 2008, examines the reali- IN T pARLIAMENT ANISTan’s H ties of parliamentary work in Afghanistan. It shows how varied and G coercive the patterns of identification prevalent in Afghanistan can AF be, and it provides a rare opportunity to gain insights into the self- images and roles of women in parliament. ISBN 978-3-86928-006-6 Andrea Fleschenberg Afghanistan’s parliament in the making Andrea Fleschenberg Gendered understandings and practices of politics in a transitional country .) ED BÖLL FOUNDATION ( BÖLL FOUNDATION H The Green Political Foundation Schumannstraße 8 10117 Berlin www.boell.de HEINRIC Afghanistan’s parliament in the making Andrea Fleschenberg, PhD, currently works as research associate and lecturer at the Institute of Social Science at the University of Hildesheim, Germany. -
Afghanistan – Kabul – Tajiks – Security Situation – Educated Families – Communists – Infidels – Returnees from the West
Refugee Review Tribunal AUSTRALIA RRT RESEARCH RESPONSE Research Response Number: AFG17450 Country: Afghanistan Date: 19 August 2005 Keywords: Afghanistan – Kabul – Tajiks – Security situation – Educated families – Communists – Infidels – Returnees from the West This response was prepared by the Country Research Section of the Refugee Review Tribunal (RRT) after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the RRT within time constraints. This response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Questions With regard to Koshal Khan, Mina, Kabul: 1. Can you indicate on a map where this is? 2. What is the general security situation and control there by the government now? Are there independent assessments available to indicate whether the security situation at present is improving, stable or deteriorating? 3. What is the situation there for a Tajik, in terms of harm from Pashtuns, Hazaras and Uzbeks? 4. Is there evidence of Tajiks attacking Tajiks who come from an educated family? 5. Is there evidence that those whose family members were Communists or associated with the Najibullah regime are still facing harm? If so, from whom? 6. Is there evidence that those who have lived in a Western country will be labelled as an infidel? 7. Please provide a brief update on the effectiveness of the Afghan army and police force, as well as information on the status of disarmament. RESPONSE With regard to Koshal Khan, Mina, Kabul: 1. Can you indicate on a map where this is? Koshal Khan, Mina is also known as Khoshal Khan, Khoshal Khan Mina, Khoshal Khan Mena, Khoshal Mina, Khoshal Mena, Khushhal Khan, Khushhal Khan Mina, Khushhal Khan Mena, Khushhal Mina, Khushhal Mena, Khushahl Khan, Khushahl Khan Mina, Khushahl Khan Mena, Khushahl Mina, Khushahl Mena, Khushal Khan, Khushal Khan Mina, Khushal Khan Mena, Khushal Mina and Khushal Mena. -
UK Country Assessment: Afghanistan April 2006
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT AFGHANISTAN APRIL 2006 RDS - IND COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE i Contents Paragraphs 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT...................................................................... 1.01 2. GEOGRAPHY.................................................................................... 2.01 3. ECONOMY........................................................................................ 3.01 4. HISTORY.......................................................................................... 4.01 Overview to December 2001........................................................ 4.01 Post-Taliban.................................................................................... 4.02 Presidential election 9 October 2004 and the new Cabinet...... 4.11 Run-up to the parliamentary and provincial elections.............. 4.16 Parliamentary and provincial elections 18 September 2005 .... 4.18 Afghanistan Compact 31 January 2006...................................... 4.20 5. STATE STRUCTURES ........................................................................ 5.01 The constitution ........................................................................... 5.01 Citizenship and nationality ......................................................... 5.05 Political system ............................................................................ 5.09 Overview ..................................................................................... 5.09 Parliamentary elections ............................................................ -
Crowley These 11.5.11
TAMPERE UNIVERSITY SEAN CROWLEY Graduate Thesis Foreign Donor Support to the Afghan Media 2002-2010 Faculty of Social Science Degree: Master of Social Sciences Option: Master’s Program on Political Communication Major Subject: Journalism and Mass Communication 11 May 2011 1 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the development of the media in Afghanistan 2002- 2010 and in particular the impact of international assistance to the sector – funding, training and experts – in the post-Taliban period. The research was primarily qualitative, consisting of a survey of local media workers and longer interviews with some key players. The thesis argues that foreign donor support for media development in post-conflict societies can only work when key aspects of a democratic system are already in place and there is national security. It also argues that foreign support for the media in fragile societies like Afghanistan needs to be targeted, it needs to be in place for many years, and to be primarily focused on creating a viable non-state media sector. CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 The area of research 5 1.2 The research problem 9 1.3 The objective of the thesis 12 1.4 Most relevant previous findings 13 1.5 Personal motivation 13 1.6 Research method in brief 16 2 Chapter 2. Presentation of the Context 2.1 Current security context 17 2.2 Afghan media landscape before the Taliban 20 2.3 The Afghan media under the Taliban 23 2.4 The Afghan media post-Taliban 25 2.5 Foreign support to the Afghan media 25 2.6 The Afghan media and nation building 32 Chapter 3 Overview of Previous Research & Related Literature 3.1 Introduction 36 3.2 Audience Surveys 36 3.3 Research into media freedom and freedom of speech 40 3.4 Studies conducted by or on behalf of donors 44 3.5 Summary of previous research results 50 Chapter 4. -
1104075 [2011] RRTA 835 (28 September 2011)
1104075 [2011] RRTA 835 (28 September 2011) DECISION RECORD RRT CASE NUMBER: 1104075 DIAC REFERENCE(S): CLF2010/108534 COUNTRY OF REFERENCE: Afghanistan TRIBUNAL MEMBER: Charlie Powles DATE: 28 September 2011 PLACE OF DECISION: Melbourne DECISION: The Tribunal remits the matter for reconsideration with the direction that the applicant satisfies s.36(2)(a) of the Migration Act, being a person to whom Australia has protection obligations under the Refugees Convention. STATEMENT OF DECISION AND REASONS APPLICATION FOR REVIEW 1. This is an application for review of a decision made by a delegate of the Minister for Immigration and Citizenship (the delegate) to refuse to grant the applicant a Protection (Class XA) visa (the visa) under s.65 of the Migration Act 1958 (the Act). 2. The applicant, who claims to be a citizen of Afghanistan, arrived in Australia on [date deleted under s.431(2) of the Migration Act 1958 as this information may identify the applicant] May 2009 and applied to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship (the Department) for the visa [in] August 2010. The delegate decided to refuse to grant the visa [in] April 2011 and notified the applicant of the decision. 3. The delegate refused the visa application on the basis that the applicant is not a person to whom Australia has protection obligations under the Refugees Convention. 4. The applicant applied to the Tribunal [in] May 2011 for review of the delegate’s decision. 5. The Tribunal finds that the delegate’s decision is an RRT-reviewable decision under s.411(1)(c) of the Act. -
Afghanistan's Parliament in the Making
The involvement of women in Afghanistan’s public life is decreasing. Attacks, vigilantism, and legal processes that contradict the basic principles of human and women’s rights are the order of the day. The security situation is worsening in step with the disenchantment E MAKING H arising from the lack of results and functional shortcomings of existing democratic structures. In the face of such difficulties, we often forget who should create the legal underpinnings for the power in Afghanistan: the women and men in parliament who are working to build a state in these turbulent times of transition. To what extent will these elected representatives succeed in creating alternatives to established traditional power structures? What are the obstacles they face? What kinds of networks or caucuses are they establishing? This book, which is based on interviews of male and female members of parliament held in Kabul in 2007 and 2008, examines the reali- IN T pARLIAMENT ANISTan’s H ties of parliamentary work in Afghanistan. It shows how varied and G coercive the patterns of identification prevalent in Afghanistan can AF be, and it provides a rare opportunity to gain insights into the self- images and roles of women in parliament. ISBN 978-3-86928-006-6 Andrea Fleschenberg Afghanistan’s parliament in the making Andrea Fleschenberg Gendered understandings and practices of politics in a transitional country .) ED ACKU BÖLL FOUNDATION ( BÖLL FOUNDATION H The Green Political Foundation Schumannstraße 8 10117 Berlin www.boell.de HEINRIC ACKU Afghanistan’s parliament in the making ACKU Andrea Fleschenberg, PhD, currently works as research associate and lecturer at the Institute of Social Science at the University of Hildesheim, Germany. -
The Freedom Frontier: Press Freedom in South Asia 2014-15
The Freedom Frontier PRESS FREEDOM IN SOUTH ASIA 2014-15 THIRTEENTH ANNUAL IFJ PRESS FREEDOM REPORT FOR SOUTH ASIA 2014-15 THE FREEDOM FRONTIER: PRESS FREEDOM IN SOUTH ASIA 2014-15 CONTENTS THE FREEDOM FRONTIER: PRESS FREEDOM IN SOUTH ASIA 2014-15 1. Foreword 3 Editor : Laxmi Murthy 2. Overview 5 Special thanks to: Ujjwal Acharya 3. Impunity 11 Shujaat Bukhari Sunanda Deshapriya n Nepal Paba Deshapriya Dilrukshi Handunnetti n Sri Lanka Alexandra Hearne Sabina Inderjit n Pakistan Khairuzzaman Kamal Samandar Khan 4. Capsule Reports: Conflict Zones 24 Iqbal Khattak Lesly Lotha 5. Gender & Media 42 Sujata Madhok Sukumar Muralidharan 6. Afghanistan 54 S.K. Pande Seetha Ranjanee 7. Bangladesh 59 Tahir Rathore Adnan Rehmat 8. Bhutan 65 Saleem Samad S.N. Sinha 9. India 69 Ali Shamaan Kinley Tshering 10. The Maldives 80 Zia ul-Haq Jane Worthington 11. Nepal 84 Designed by: Impulsive Creations 12. Pakistan 90 Images: Photographs are contributed by IFJ 13. Sri Lanka 97 affiliates and also accessed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence 14. Annexure: List of Media Rights Violations, May 2014 to April 2015 104 and are acknowledged as such through this report. Cover Photo: On March 24, 2015, India’s Supreme Court ruled that Section 66A of the Information Technology (IT) Act contradicted the rights of freedom of expression after a massive media and legal campaign across the country. Credit: Strdel/AFP May 2015 This document has been produced with support from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and This document has been produced by the International Federation of Cultural Organisation (UNESCO); United Nations Journalists (IFJ) on behalf of the South Asia Media Solidarity Network Democracy Fund (UNDEF); and the Norwegian (SAMSN). -
CEDAW and Afghanistan Cheshmak Farhoumand-Sims
Journal of International Women's Studies Volume 11 Article 10 Issue 1 Gender and Islam in Asia Nov-2009 CEDAW and Afghanistan Cheshmak Farhoumand-Sims Follow this and additional works at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws Part of the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Farhoumand-Sims, Cheshmak (2009). CEDAW and Afghanistan. Journal of International Women's Studies, 11(1), 136-156. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol11/iss1/10 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2009 Journal of International Women’s Studies. CEDAW and Afghanistan Cheshmak Farhoumand-Sims1 Abstract This paper considers the relevance and applicability of CEDAW in Afghanistan and uses personal interviews with key Afghan and international actors to reflect on the context and framework for understanding the challenges and opportunities that exist for the implementation of CEDAW in contemporary Afghanistan. Starting with an introduction to CEDAW, it traces the Convention’s history in Afghanistan leading to its ratification without reservations in 2003 in order to argue that the application of CEDAW in Afghanistan is threatened by conservative forces who perceive it as an element of international efforts to ‘westernize’ Afghanistan and undermine its unique cultural and religious heritage, particularly vis-à-vis traditional gender roles and sensitive issues around women’s honour and chastity. -
Country Advice
Country Advice Afghanistan Afghanistan – AFG38997 – Kabul – Pro- Western Individuals – Selling Western Goods – Fundamentalist Groups – Security Situation 18 August 2011 1. Please provide any evidence of the targeting for harm by Islamic fundamentalists or individuals identified as pro-Western or as selling Western-style goods in Afghanistan and Kabul in particular. Both individuals perceived to be pro-Western and businesses providing Western-style goods and services, particularly for the expatriate community, continue to be targeted by fundamentalist Islamic elements in Afghanistan, including in Kabul. Sources report attacks on foreigners and individuals in Kabul who are perceived to be associated with the international community, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO)-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). In July 2011, provincial governor and presidential adviser, Jan Mohammad Kahn, was killed by two gunmen at his home in Kabul. A parliamentarian was also killed in the attack. Kahn was known to have ties to the United States (US) and was thought to be working with the US on military night raids. A fellow of the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington has suggested that the assassination may have been “the Taliban‟s way of sending a message to the US”.1 Further afield, on 6 August 2011, 38 people, including eight Afghans, were killed when an ISAF helicopter was brought down in Wardak province, west of Kabul. Witnesses and the Taliban claim that the helicopter was brought down by insurgent fire. The incident followed two separate attacks in which an additional four ISAF soldiers were killed.2 In early April 2011, 17 people affiliated with the United Nations (UN), including UN workers and security guards, were killed in northern Mazar-e Sharif and Kandahar during protests against the burning of a Koran by an American Pastor Wayne Sapp.