The Gulf of Mexico's First New TLP in Four Years
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Stampede The Gulf of Mexico’s first new TLP in four years A SUPPLEMENT TO CONTENTS 3 Critical Decisions 17 Installing the Production Hub 7 The Play 23 The Part 10 Building You Don’t See the Topsides 27 Delivering the Wells 31 Hookup and Commissioning 35 Ready for Business Proven Ability “Hess has capitalized on its proven track record in the Gulf of Mexico with the successful project execution of the Stampede field — one of the largest undeveloped fields in the Gulf. The project leveraged Hess’ leading capabilities in deepwater development, with top-quartile performance in offshore drilling and project delivery, and overcame complex technical challenges to achieve first oil. Stampede reflects our company’s commitment to help meet the world’s future supply needs in a period of industry underinvestment.” — Gregory P. Hill Hess Corporation President and Chief Operating Officer Critical Decisions How falling oil prices industry’s largest deepwater project at a time when most other operators were pulling back. failed to upend a “We completed the sanctioning process with $6.2 billion project our partners in October of 2014,” says Steve Whitaker, Stampede’s Project Director, “but then the market turned.” Stampede is one of the largest The global downturn took most people undeveloped oil and gas fields in by surprise. Within months, falling oil prices the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Its four had weakened the industry. Over the next two main reservoirs lie some 115 miles years, total upstream oil and gas investments fell due south of Fourchon, Louisiana by $345 billion. According to the 2017 World in 3,500 feet of water. The reser- Energy Investment Report by the International voir depth is about 30,000 feet, Energy Agency, the number of sanctioned crude but that’s just the beginning of our oil projects in 2016 reached the lowest level story. Stampede is the first Tension since before 1950. Small producers with heavy Leg Platform (TLP) installed in the debt loads filed for bankruptcy, while service Gulf of Mexico in four years. With companies and equipment manufacturers fought a budget of $6.2 billion, it was the to stay afloat. 2 HESS STAMPEDE HESS STAMPEDE 3 “We wanted to continue,” Whitaker says, “but team also have experience on the supply side. “It was the question became whether our contractors would important for me on a personal level, but also for the be in a position to provide the workforce required to corporation, to be able to work with our partners in execute the project in the midst a severe downturn. the downturn and still be able to deliver a quality At that point we knew that to be successful we must product at a time when many of the contractors were make a conscious effort to ensure that the Stampede going through significant financial pain, or they were project would be a win-win for Hess and for our being acquired by somebody else. These last few years contractors as well.” have been quite unnerving for the industry. I want With 21 years in the contractor community, and people to look back on this project in a positive light. 17 years employed with oil companies, Whitaker I want them to feel like they were well understood in knows both sides of the fence. Many on the project terms of what they were able to deliver, and that their voices were heard.” The discovery wells The Stampede development began as separate discoveries, Knotty Head and Pony, on adjacent deepwater blocks. The Knotty Head field in Green Canyon block 512 was discovered in 2005 by Nexen and its joint venture partners Anadarko Petroleum middle Miocene of the Mississippi fan foldbelt. The operator. The remaining 75 percent is now divided Corp., BHP Billiton, and Union Oil Company of well reached a total depth of 34,189 feet to become equally between Union Oil Company of California California. The discovery well encountered approxi- the deepest well yet drilled in the Gulf of Mexico. (a subsidiary of Chevron Corporation), Equinor Gulf PROJECT DIRECTOR Steve Whitaker / mately 600 feet of net oil pay in multiple zones in the A sidetrack reached a total of 32,986 feet, with a of Mexico LLC, formerly Statoil Gulf of Mexico bottom-hole location some 4,500 feet south of the LLC, and Nexen Petroleum Offshore U.S.A., Inc., original wellbore. The sidetrack encountered about wholly-owned affiliate of CNOOC Limited. 400 feet of net oil. In 2006, Hess made a similar find in block 468. Key suppliers involved early on Development of both fields was delayed, however, Even before the project was sanctioned, Whitaker by falling oil prices, an unrelated major oil spill in and his team decided to single-source certain contrac- 2010, and the subsequent moratorium on deepwater tors and suppliers based on the quality of their work. drilling in the Gulf of Mexico. By the time drilling Key suppliers were given a seat at the table during the could resume, it made economic sense to develop planning stage of the project. Those on the develop- the Pony and Knotty Head discoveries as one field. ment team weren’t simply looking for the lowest cost Discussions began between the various co-owners over contractor to do the work, they wanted partners they what percentage each company should have and how could count on. best to develop the combined fields. They reached a “Price was important,” Whitaker says, “but in the joint operating agreement in 2012. Hess was chosen as overall scheme of things, a lot of the equipment these the operator later that year. Given that Knotty Head is guys are putting in the ground is relatively inexpensive the name of a rodeo bull and Pony a horse, the team compared to the cost of going back to fix it. Our goal decided to name the combined fields “Stampede.” was to do it right the first time.” “In hindsight we made the right decisions. Now, Our business partners as we ramp up after achieving first oil in January Hess has a 25 percent working interest in the 2018, Stampede is producing in a robust market as Stampede development and continues to serve as the prices rebound.” 4 HESS STAMPEDE HESS STAMPEDE 5 The Play A challenging discovery faults. Evacuated salt forms a canopy some 15,000 feet thick. Below that, it’s another 9,000 feet from in Green Canyon the base of the salt to the base of the reservoir sands. “Not all of the complexities were known in the beginning,” says Gopal Mohapatra, Geophysical Stampede lies farther below the Advisor. “Compared to other Miocene fields, surface of the ocean than Mount Stampede is pretty challenging. We’ve seen similar Everest rises above it. At more than structures in other Gulf of Mexico fields, but 30,000 feet, it is one of the deepest in those, the rocks have porosities greater than fields in the Gulf of Mexico. Besides 20% and good permeability. Stampede’s rocks the extreme depth, the subsurface are tighter.” team faced compartmentalized res- They’re also harder to see. Hess acquired its first ervoirs, stratigraphic complexity and 3D seismic from the field in 2003, and has been uncertain fluid contacts. working to improve the resolution ever since. A Stampede’s three primary pay breakthrough came in 2013, when dual-coil seismic intervals lie within a four-way technology became available. “Coil” shooting is a structural closure, segmented by technique that acquires seismic data using a single 6 HESS STAMPEDE HESS STAMPEDE 7 vessel sailing in overlapping, continuously-linked circles. It provides a greater range of azimuths and offsets compared to conventional surveys that gather data on a grid. “Dual-coil seismic was a step change in the way we defined the structure and understood the faults,” Mohapatra says. “That’s when we realized that the field was more complex than what we thought.” A good problem? Scott Jordan / SUBSURFACE MANAGER Exploration wells tell geoscientists more about the formation and allow them to examine reservoir rock And we will learn more as we continue developing from core samples in the lab. After drilling four explo- the field.” ration wells and several sidetracks, however, none Drillers had to penetrate as much as 15,000 feet of Stampede’s exploratory wellbores had found the of salt, and that created a different set of challenges. oil/water contact. Instead, they were full of oil. That In particular, the path of the wells had to be clear of may sound like a good problem, but it meant that hazards all the way to the base of the salt. the subsurface team had trouble estimating the size “That’s a big issue here,” says Scott Jordan, who of the resource. was Subsurface Manager for the project. “Some of our early wells encountered bitumen (tar) that created a four water injectors tied back to a single Tension “That was a real key in reducing the cost,” Jordan serious drilling hazard. We had to abandon some of Leg Platform (TLP). The production hub has says. “Even though some of the technology is off the those holes and sidetrack around them.” a daily capacity of 80,000 barrels of oil and 40 shelf, nobody has executed smart wells at this depth Uncertainty meant that the development team had million standard cubic feet of natural gas. Water before. There were certainly a lot of challenges from to constantly consider other options. If the original injection rates could ultimately reach 100,000 bar- the completions side to make it work.” well path didn’t work, where else could they go? rels per day.