216 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—SENATE, Vol. 160, Pt. 1 January 8, 2014 passed overwhelmingly by a bipartisan Ultimately, the pay-for issue, the off- ment’s activities in the region. His ef- majority in this body. set question, should be resolved, and I forts eventually contributed to his It was an agreement that advanced believe it will be, if not in this act then electoral loss at the end of his term, and enhanced economic certainty. It in the Omnibus appropriations bill we but that did not keep him from pursing had many advantages, but it also was will address next and then make sure his goals. I am pleased that during this far from perfect. Its flaws included a we keep faith. We must assure that we important period of reflection, Dick cut in military retiree benefits. These will keep faith with these retirees who Clark’s contributions continue to be benefits were cut by provisions to that have given and served so much. recognized. agreement that was approved by this As Senator SHAHEEN has said, most I ask unanimous consent that a copy body, with many reservations and re- Americans would agree this kind of tax of the recent POLITICO article, A Nel- grets, and now we ought to seize this avoidance is unfair, and we ought to son Mandela backstory: Iowa’s Dick opportunity to correct that defect as close this tax loophole rather than re- Clark, be printed in the RECORD. this measure offers us through an ducing military retiree benefits. What There being no objection, the mate- amendment. all Americans would agree with is that rial was ordered to be printed in the We can pay for it. It can be budget we should keep faith and leave no vet- RECORD as follows: neutral, if we simply close a certain eran behind, making sure this amend- [POLITICO, Dec. 26, 2013] egregious corporate tax loophole as ment is voted on and approved and A NELSON MANDELA BACKSTORY: IOWA’S DICK Senator SHAHEEN has suggested. I want given legal force and effect so we cor- CLARK to emphasize again what Senator SHA- rect and fix the flaw in the budget (By David Rogers) HEEN said so well. We can think of a lot agreement that has disallowed and dis- Dick Clark was Mandela when Mandela of different ways to pay for the $6.5 bil- honored the obligation we owe these wasn’t cool. lion that is necessary to correct these retirees. A one-term Democratic senator from Iowa cuts in military retiree benefits. What I thank the Presiding Officer, and I and for years afterward a leader of congres- is beyond question is the need to fix yield the floor. sional discussions on apartheid, Clark is now this flaw. It is a flaw that not only di- 85 and long gone from the public scene. But f the ups and downs of his career are an in- minishes in monetary terms the bene- REMEMBERING DICK CLARK triguing back story—and counterpoint—to fits these retirees need and deserve, it the outpouring of praise for Nelson Mandela, also dishonors the service and sacrifice Mr. LEAHY. Mr. President, on De- the black liberation leader and former presi- they have made. What better oppor- cember 5, the world lost one of the dent of South Africa who died Dec. 5. tunity than now, as we deal with the greatest leaders of our era, and of any It wasn’t always that way in Washington. extension of unemployment benefits in era, when Nelson Mandela died at the Indeed, Mandela turned 60 in South Afri- a measure that deserves overwhelming age of 95. His capacity for forgiveness ca’s Robben Island prison in the summer of was rivaled only by his courage. His ac- 1978 even as Clark—chairman of the African support just as the budget deal re- Affairs panel on the Senate Foreign Rela- ceived, to correct this flaw. tions serve as an example for the entire tions Committee—was fighting for his own There has been a lot of misinforma- world. Having led South Africa out of re-election in Iowa. tion and confusion about exactly what its darkest period of history, Mandela It was a time when Republican challenger the Murray-Ryan agreement did to focused on achieving national rec- Roger Jepsen felt free to taunt the Democrat military retirement benefits, and there onciliation to transition his govern- as ‘‘the senator from Africa.’’ Tensions were is a need to address in the longer term ment from minority rule and apart- such that the State Department called in a the system that provides for retiree heid, to a multicultural democracy. He South African Embassy official in May for making disparaging remarks about Clark in benefits, to make it serve better the in- was successful in this endeavor because Iowa. And after Clark lost, South Africa’s terests of our retirees, our veterans, he believed in the importance of bring- ousted information secretary, Eschel our patriots who have given so much to ing people together, breaking down the Rhoodie, said his government invested our Nation. But right now, in these barriers that defined, and imprisoned, $250,000 to defeat Clark, who had become a next few days, beyond any kind of many South Africans. For Nelson thorn in the side of the white regime. question or doubt, is the need to cor- Mandela, the opportunity to lead Jepsen denied any knowledge of South Af- rect this defect and to follow through meant the possibility of painting South rica’s alleged role. Nor does Clark accuse African society on a blank canvas. It him of such. But 35 years after, Clark has no on the understanding that many of us doubt that the apartheid government led by had, including myself, that in fact we meant the possibility of creating a uni- Prime Minister B. J. Vorster wanted him would correct this defect. fied and free South Africa, rather than out—and had a hand in his defeat. I supported the budget agreement perpetuating a fractured mosaic de- Clark’s liberal record and support of the with the understanding, as Chairman fined by inequality. Panama Canal Treaty, which narrowly LEVIN of Michigan made clear, the Sen- We are fortunate to have leaders cleared the Senate in the spring of 1978, also ate would work this year, as soon as among us who share many of Nelson hurt his chances in Iowa. But the fatal blow possible, to stop the 1-percent reduc- Mandela’s qualities of leadership and a was a fierce wave of late-breaking ground at- focus on human rights. Having served tacks from anti-abortion forces—something tion in the cost of living adjustments even conservative writers like Robert Novak for military retirees until the age of 62 for nearly four decades in the Senate, I had not anticipated in a published column that would take effect in December of have had the privilege to serve with weeks before. 2015. December, 2015 of that year is a some of them. Dick Clark, a Senator ‘‘Abortion was the issue, and how much ef- long way off. There may be other op- from Iowa who was in the Senate when fect this apparent $250,000 had to do with pro- portunities to correct this flaw—the re- I was first elected, is one such indi- moting it more, I have no way of evaluating duction in retiree benefits—but let’s do vidual, and his story is connected to it,’’ Clark said in a recent interview at his it now. Let’s not delay in restoring the Nelson Mandela’s legacy. I not only home in Washington. ‘‘No question that they did it. They said they did, and I think they benefits that these retirees need and served with Senator Clark but I trav- did.’’ deserve. elled with him to Vermont and else- Clark had made himself a target for South So I urge my colleagues to join in where. His sense of commitment and Africa with his high-profile chairmanship of this effort, paying for this change by his conscience set a Senate standard the Africa subcommittee. In Washington as making sure companies managed and that is rarely matched. well, he was not without critics who accused controlled in the United States can’t He was a fierce opponent of apart- him of being too puritanical, too quick to avoid U.S. taxes simply by claiming heid, and a recent POLITICO article re- fault U.S. policy. But like no senator before foreign status. Many of us have long calls Dick Clark’s efforts to raise him, Clark used the panel to raise the visi- bility of human rights issues in the southern advocated closing this loophole. It awareness in Congress on the impor- regions of the continent. The roster of prior seems to me a reasonable approach, far tance of the issue, and to push legisla- Africa subcommittee chairs reads like a better than taking away the child tax tion that would distance the United Who’s Who of national Democrats: John Ken- credit for poor migrant families. States from the South African govern- nedy in the late 1950s; Tennessee Sen. Albert

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And then he would War policies that he believed hurt the larger would say none. So I just figured: Here’s a say, Did you say that on such and such a struggle against apartheid that Mandela chance to learn something and I spent a lot date and such and such a place?’ ‘‘We went symbolized. of time doing hearings and learning about through this for an hour. He just wanted the ‘‘He was the icebreaker here,’’ says his Africa.’’ opportunity to tell me how wrong I was friend Rep. George Miller (D–Cal.). ‘‘He was He also traveled—venturing into southern, about everything I was saying.’’ out breaking ice on Africa issues for the sub-Saharan Africa which was then unfa- country and certainly for the Senate.’’ miliar to many on the Senate committee. ‘‘He was the last great Afrikaner presi- What’s more, after losing his Senate seat, ‘‘Humphrey told me that he got as far dent,’’ Clark said. ‘‘In fact, he ultimately re- Clark didn’t stop. Instead, he found a new south as Ethiopia,’’ Clark said. ‘‘It was new signed over the embarrassment of the classroom via the Aspen Institute, where the territory and interesting and of course we Muldergate thing years later.’’ The former professor began what amounted to his were putting a lot of covert money in Africa, Muldergate thing—as Clark calls it—was a own graduate program in 1983 to educate as were the Russians.’’ In the summer of major scandal inside South Africa in the late members of Congress about different policy 1975, Clark and two aides left Washington for 1970s when it was revealed that government issues. what was to be a trip to just Tanzania, Zam- funds had been used by the ruling National Russia had been Clark’s early academic in- bia and Zaire. But that itinerary quickly ex- Party to mount a far-reaching propaganda terest and was as well in his first years at panded to include the two former Portuguese campaign in defense of apartheid. Aspen. But Africa tugged and he set out ‘‘to colonies, Mozambique and Angola. This went well beyond placing favorable try to get a get a cadre of Congress who The Angola detour was pivotal and in- articles or opinion pieces in the press. Tens would know about South Africa and what cluded face-to-face meetings with Central In- of millions of dollars were invested to try to was going on in South Africa.’’ telligence Agency personnel on the ground as undermine independent South African pa- These typically were nearly weeklong sem- well as the leaders of the three rival factions pers. There was even a failed attempt in the inars—held at choice locales overseas to lure in Angola’s post-colonial civil war. The So- U.S. to buy the Washington Star in hopes of members of Congress but also to provide neu- viet Union and Cuba were then actively influencing American policy. Muldergate got tral ground for the warring parties inside backing the new leftist government under its name from Connie Mulder, South Africa’s South Africa. Agostinho Neto. The CIA and South Africa information minister at the time. But just as Bermuda, for example, served as a meeting had begun a covert partnership assisting Watergate had its John Dean, Rhoodie—a place in 1989. The island allowed officials rebel factions: chiefly Jonas Savimbi in the top deputy to Mulder—proved the top wit- from the South African government to shut- south, but also Holden Roberto, whose base ness: a suave propagandist who later gave de- tle in and out before the arrival of outlawed was more in the north and Zaire. tailed interviews and wrote his own book on representatives for Mandela’s African Na- Soon after Clark returned, the debate the subject filling 900-plus pages. tional Congress, which was operating then broke into the open after news reports de- Rhoodie, who was prosecuted for fraud but from outside South Africa. tailing the U.S. and South African oper- cleared by an appeals court in South Africa, ‘‘All of them were there, making their ations. Congress cut off new funding in a De- ultimately relocated to the U.S., where he pitches,’’ Clark said. And once Mandela was cember 1975 appropriations fight. It then died in Atlanta in 1993. But by his account, released from prison in 1990, the venue shift- quickly enacted a more permanent ban—the the Vorster government had used its con- ed to South Africa itself. ‘‘We got Mandela, so-called Clark amendment—prohibiting fu- tacts with a Madison Avenue public relations who had just gotten out of jail not long be- ture covert assistance for paramilitary oper- firm, Sydney S. Baron & Co. Inc., to under- fore, to come,’’ Clark recalls of an April 1991 ations in Angola. mine Clark’s reelection. session in Cape Town—a seminar that also Signed into law in February 1976, the Clark included F. W. de Klerk, South Africa’s amendment was repealed under President Rhoodie describes a meeting early in 1978 white president. Ronald Reagan in 1985. Conservatives long in South Africa attended by Mulder, Vorster Most striking here was Clark’s impact on argued that it was always an overreach by and Baron at which Clark’s election was spe- Republicans—the party that helped to throw Congress, reacting to Lyndon Johnson and cifically discussed, and the $250,000 was later him out of the Senate. Richard Nixon’s handling of the Vietnam moved into one of Baron’s accounts ‘‘to ‘‘He is a wonder,’’ says former Sen. Alan War. make sure that Clark was defeated.’’ As Simpson (R–Wyo.). ‘‘I had been told he was a ‘‘The danger now is the pendulum will South Africa’s information secretary, lefty, the stereotype, but he just drew out swing too far the other way,’’ Secretary of Rhoodie was in fact the signatory of con- people. He never showed bitterness toward State Henry Kissinger warned Clark’s panel tracts with Baron, according to filings with the right or promoting one side.’’ in a January 1976 hearing. But for all the the Justice Department. These show the New Just as ‘‘Mandela made a difference, Dick echoes of Vietnam, Clark says he saw his York firm initially received about $365,000 Clark made a difference in awareness’’ at amendment more as a way to separate the annually under a contract signed in April home in Congress, Simpson adds. U.S. from South Africa’s apartheid regime. 1976. This was increased to $650,000 a year Former Rep. John Porter (R–Ill.) remem- ‘‘The reason the amendment passed so eas- later. In August 1977, the same arrangement bers an Aspen meeting in Cape Town at ily in both houses was because of Vietnam, was extended through January 1979, includ- which Clark surprised the participants on so I certainly related the two,’’ Clark said. ing a $250,000 payment in April 1978. the last day by sending them out to walk ‘‘But my interest was really in Africa and Whether this $250,000 is a coincidence or through the neighborhoods of a black town- South Africa. We were aligning ourselves what Rhoodie was speaking on is not clear. ship to meet with families. ‘‘Dick Clark with apartheid forces. The reason for my At this stage, most of the major players are would do things like that,’’ Porter said. amendment was to disassociate us from dead and New York state corporate records ‘‘This was before all the big changes in apartheid and from South Africa.’’ show Baron’s firm was dissolved in 1993—the South Africa when we were debating sanc- ‘‘Kissinger had really no feeling for human year that Rhoodie died. tions,’’ said former Sen. John Danforth (R– rights that I could ever discern and certainly Mo.). ‘‘He was just so dedicated to it and not in South Africa,’’ Clark said. ‘‘His asso- Watching it all is Clark’s friend, old boss knew all the players.’’ In fact, Clark says he ciation with South Africa was obviously very in the House and later Senate colleague, knew very little about Africa before coming close.’’ A year later, visiting South Africa, John Culver. The two met in 1964, when to the Senate after the 1972 elections. But Clark got a taste of how closely the white Clark signed on to help Culver win his first when a seat opened up on Foreign Relations government under Vorster had been watch- House election and then worked with Culver in 1975, he grabbed it and fell into the Africa ing him. in Washington until 1972, when Clark went back to Iowa to run for the Senate. A Har- post—just ahead of his classmate Sen. JO- That trip included an important meeting vard-educated Marine Corps veteran, Culver SEPH BIDEN (D–Del.), the future vice presi- in Port Elizabeth with the young black lead- dent. Timing is everything in Congress and er, Steve Biko, who had just been released said he had his own fascination with Africa it was Clark’s good fortune in this case. The from jail and would die 10 months later after as a young man in the 1960s. But he remem- legendary but very controlling Foreign Rela- a brutal interrogation in the summer of 1977. bered that era as a time of greater optimism, tions Committee Chairman J. William Ful- Clark said he became a courier of sorts, tak- as new countries across the continent were bright (D–Ark.) had just left the Senate at ing back a Biko memorandum to Jimmy emerging from colonial rule. the end of 1974 and this allowed sub- Carter’s incoming administration. But while ‘‘Dick came to it when there was less polit- committee chairs like Clark to act more on in South Africa, Vorster himself wanted to ical reward,’’ Culver said. ‘‘But he stuck to their own. see Clark and spent much of an hour quizzing it.’’

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TRIBUTE TO KATHLEEN MCGHEE leen has worked with more than 300 by promontory summit in 1869, the Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, I staffers who have uniformly appre- completion of the Transcontinental rise today with Senator SAXBY CHAM- ciated and respected her profes- Railroad brought tremendous economic BLISS to honor and thank one of the sionalism and collegiality. Kathleen growth to the Weber Valley. Senate’s longest-serving and most has managed the administrative staff As the Mormon settlers grew in num- widely-respected professional staff and functions of the committee, and bers and cultivated the land, they also members—Kathleen McGhee. Kathleen coordinated with other Senate offices created institutions of learning for is retiring this week after 33 years of on matters ranging from the rules to themselves and their children. In 1888, continual service to the Select Com- the architecture. She has walked doz- members of the Mormon Church were mittee on Intelligence. ens of staff directors through the prep- encouraged by their leaders to insti- As all Senators know, much of the aration and execution of the commit- tute local boards of education to over- work of the Senate is done quietly and tee’s budget and has been hailed re- see the creation of schools that could behind the scenes, by staff whose peatedly as the committee’s ‘‘institu- teach the principles of religion in con- names are not in the papers and who tional memory.’’ junction with the standard curriculum are not in public service for the rec- As the chief clerk, Kathleen has been of the day. ognition. This is especially true for the responsible for showing new staffers In 1889, the regional group of Mormon work of the Intelligence Committee, the ropes and making sure they were congregations, known as the Weber which operates behind closed doors able to transition smoothly into their Stake of Zion, started the Weber Stake and—when things are working right— new roles on the committee staff. Espe- Academy for the education of local stu- without public attention. For 33 years, cially for people used to the bureau- dents who had passed the sixth grade. Kathleen McGhee was the person who cratic difficulties in the executive The school was ‘‘open to students of ei- made sure that the committee operated branch, her ability to pave the way has ther sex, and of any religious denomi- professionally by ensuring that our been nearly miraculous. nation or nationality.’’ The mission of hearings ran smoothly, reports were Sadly, but understandably, it is now the academy was ‘‘to provide an edu- written, letters sent and received, tran- the time for her own transition—al- cation which includes moral culture, as scripts maintained, and budgets were though true to her form, Kathleen well as mental and physical training.’’ met, all in a timely fashion. agreed to continue her service longer Courses were offered in theology, busi- The only thing she has not been able than anticipated in order to make sure ness, pedagogy and psychology, lan- to overcome is the mice. that the hand-off to her successor guages, English and literature, natural Kathleen came to the committee would go smoothly. and physical science, mathematics, shortly after graduating from the Uni- Now, we are pleased to take the op- history, and political science. versity of Maryland, joining the com- portunity on behalf of the Senate to The school grew in notoriety and en- mittee staff on April 7, 1980, in order to thank Kathleen McGhee for her tre- rollment over the following 20 years. In assist the committee’s arms control ex- mendous service to the Select Com- 1918, it was renamed ‘‘Weber Normal pert. She subsequently provided admin- mittee on Intelligence, the Senate, and College’’ and subsequently ‘‘Weber Col- istrative support to the committee’s the Nation. We wish her all the very lege,’’ as the institution eventually budget director, minority counsel, and best as she enjoys a well-earned retire- dropped all preparatory and high minority staff director. In 1987, Chair- ment to her home in Falls Church, VA, school education to focus on college- man David L. Boren appointed Kath- and on her beloved shores of Bethany level education. During the first few leen as the chief clerk of the Intel- Beach, DE, with her husband Mike and decades of the 20th century, the famed ligence Committee, a position she has children, Luke and Molly. purple and white were chosen as school held ever since. f colors, and the wildcat was apparently In her time here, she has been adopted as the school mascot after a present when some of our Nation’s RECOGNIZING WEBER STATE reporter dubbed the football players most important national security UNIVERSITY ‘‘scrappy as a bunch of wildcats.’’ issues were considered and debated— Mr. LEE. Mr. President, this week As the 1920s closed, the Great Depres- from espionage during the Cold War to marks the 125th anniversary of the sion began to take shape and Weber the response to the terrorist attacks of first week of classes at Weber State College, like all other institutions at September 11, 2001, and many more. In University, and I would like to take a the time, did not foresee the financial the thousands of hearings, briefings, moment to officially recognize this calamity that would befall her. After a and markups she has run, Kathleen has valued Utah institution. few years of struggle, the Weber Col- truly seen and heard it all. In the mid-1800s, pioneers from the lege Board, in conjunction with the Kathleen has served as clerk, and Mormon Church, also know as the church’s Board of Education, trans- mostly as chief clerk, for 11 committee Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day ferred the school to the State of Utah chairmen: Birch Bayh, Barry Gold- Saints, settled an area 35 miles north in 1933. The subsequent years were very water, Dave Durenberger, David Boren, of Salt Lake City, known as the Weber difficult for faculty and students, but Dennis DeConcini, Arlen Specter, RICH- Valley. The surrounding area, includ- the junior college persevered and con- ARD SHELBY, Bob Graham, PAT ROB- ing the Weber River, was earlier named tinued to mold good citizens. ERTS, JAY ROCKEFELLER, and for me. in honor of John Henry Weber, a noted The school carried along and grew in Owing to the nature of the committee frontier trapper with the Rocky Moun- size as the Depression subsided. With and its rules, and to her even-handed, tain Fur Company. the attack on Pearl Harbor and the nonpartisan approach, she has also As our country continued westward entry of the United States into World served many Vice Chairmen equally expansion, it became necessary to cre- War II, Weber College’s faculty and well during her tenure: Patrick Moy- ate territorial governments. During students did all that they could to sup- nihan, PAT LEAHY, Bill Cohen, Frank this expansive period, Congress passed port the war efforts. Many students Murkowski, John Warner, Bob Kerrey, the Compromise of 1850, part of which joined the armed forces, and the school Richard Bryan, Kit Bond, and now created the Utah Territory. The terri- helped in training naval cadets and SAXBY CHAMBLISS, to name a few. Few torial government oversaw general ad- radio operators for the military. people in the U.S. Congress can say ministrative matters, including the es- Because of the war, mostly women that they have worked for so many tablishment of schools, during the lat- attended the school, and they ‘‘had to Senators—85 Senators in all—and as ter half of the 19th century. The region hold things down until the fellows re- professionally. experienced an increase in population, turned to campus,’’ as one alumna re- As importantly, in her time here, and as Mormons and non-Mormons alike called. In 1945, the school even held a especially as the committee’s chief came to further settle the West. With dance called the ‘‘Polygamist Prance,’’ clerk for more than two decades, Kath- the driving of the golden spike at near- which was girl’s choice. To make sure

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