DOCSLIB.ORG

Business and Human Rights in ASEAN : a Baseline Study

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Business and Human Rights in ASEAN : a Baseline Study Business and Human Rights in ASEAN A Baseline Study For further information about HRRC: Human Rights Resource Centre Business and Human Rights Univercity of Indonesia - Depok Campus Guest House Complex (next to Gedung Vokasi) Depok, Indonesia 16424 Phone/Fax: (62 21) 786 6720 in ASEAN Email: [email protected] Web: www.hrrca.org A Baseline Study ISBN: 978-602-17986-1-4 Competence Centre for Human Rights Table of Content Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Synthesis report ........................................................................................................................................ 9 BRUNEI ....................................................................................................................................................... 61 CAMBODIA ................................................................................................................................................ 71 INDONESIA ............................................................................................................................................... 95 Lao PDR ....................................................................................................................................................... 145 MALAYSIA ............................................................................................................................................... 193 MYANMAR .............................................................................................................................................. 245 PHILIPPINES ............................................................................................................................................. 293 SINGAPORE ............................................................................................................................................. 339 THAILAND ............................................................................................................................................ 381 VIETNAM ............................................................................................................................................ 421 Business and Human Rights in ASEAN : A Baseline Study Published by Human Rights Resource Centre Human Rights Resource Centre University of Indonesia – Depok Campus Guest House Complex (next to Vokasi Building) Depok, Indonesia 16424 Phone / Fax: 62 21 786 6720 Email: [email protected] Web: www.hrrca.org ISBN: 978-602-17986-1-4 This publication may be freely used, quoted, reproduced, translated or distributed in part or in full by any non-profit organisation provided copyright is acknowledged and no fees or charges are made. ii Business and Human Rights in ASEAN A Baseline Study Research Team Myanmar: Hnin Wut Yee (Myanmar Coordinator, Institute for Human Editors Rights and Business) Prof. Dr. Christine Kaufmann Philippines: Ian Esteban Ramos (Research Advisor, University of Zurich) (Attorney at Law) Prof. David Cohen Singapore: Rachel Chhoa-Howard (HRRC Advisor, University of California, Berkeley) (Researcher, Governance and Human Rights, Prof. Kevin Tan Singapore Institute of International Affairs) (HRRC Governing member, National University of Thailand: Pawat Satayanurug Singapore) (Faculty of Law, Chulalongkorn University, LL.M Delphia Lim candidate at Harvard Law School) (Team Leader of the research, Associate Fellow in Vietnam: Hao Duy Phan Asian Peace-Building & Rule Of Law Program at Singapore Management University, LL.M candidate (Research Fellow, Centre for International Law, at Harvard Law School) National University of Singapore) Senior Research Assistant Research Assistants: Geetanjali Mukherjee Astari Anjani (Research Fellow, Asian Peace-building and Rule (Faculty of Law, University of Indonesia) of Law Programme, School of Law, Singapore Management University) Chong Hui Ying (Faculty of Law, Singapore Management University) Country Researchers Cambodia: Prof. Phallack Kong, Esq Eng Sokunthea (Dean, Faculty of Law, Pannasastra University of (Faculty of Law, Pannasastra University of Cambodia) Cambodia) Indonesia: Patricia Rinwigati Waagstein Irene Mira (Human Rights Centre – Faculty of Law, University (Faculty of Law, University of Indonesia) of Indonesia) HRRC: Lao PDR: Geetanjali Mukherjee (Research Fellow, Asian Peace-building and Rule Marzuki Darusman of Law Programme, School of Law, Singapore Prof. Dr. Harkristuti Harkrisnowo, SH, MA, Ph.D Management University) Rully Sandra Ati Suryadi Malaysia: Long Seh Lih Ismail (Malaysian Centre for Constitutionalism and Human Rights) Business and Human Rights in ASEAN iii A Baseline Study Gratitude and Acknowledgment: Mohan for his constant advice and support during the past two years. Additionally, I want to acknowledge HRRC the assistance of the HRRC team, especially Ms. Rully Rahima Abdurrahim, Siti Annisah, Marc Cebreros, Sandra and Ms. Juniati Suryadi. Finally, I am grateful Alexander C. Chandra, Simon Field, Bagas Hapsoro, for the unstinting encouragement and support of my Constantine Karame, Bobbie Maria, James Nayagam, parents, Ratna and Ashish Mukherjee. Justine Nolan, Indri Saptaningrum, Arry Ardanta Sigit, Georg Stein, Supriyadi, Dondy Setya, Ny Malaysia: Sorphonneary, Rolf Weber Edmund Bon and Fatima Ismail Cambodia: Myanmar: Sokunthea Eng My gratitude to HRRC, the Advisors (Prof Christine, Prof David, Dr. Kevin) and all the HRRC Governing Indonesia: Board members, the experts who suggested my Completing this research would not have been paper, Anna Triponel (SHIFT), the IHRB, my fellow possible without help in one way or another by many rapporteurs, the research assistants, my family and people and institutions. My deepest gratitude goes to relatives, and my friends. all members of Human Rights Resource Centre for ASEAN (HRRCA) who provided me an opportunity Philippines: to be involved in this project. Particular appreciation Charina Candelaria for her support and thank you to is given to Bapak Marzuki Darusman, Rully Sandra Geetu and Irene. and Juniati A. Suryadi who have organised and facilitated this project. Another appreciation goes to Singapore: Delphia Lim, Prof. Christine Kaufmann, Prof. David Prof Simon Tay, Jolyn Ang, Natalie Koh, Singapore Cohen and Prof. Harkristuti Harkrisnowo who had Institute of International Affairs given guidance and commentaries to my research Thailand: since the beginning of this research. The help of Astari The Thailand country report would not have been and Geetu has also been indispensable. The last but possible without the support of so many people. The not least, I would like to thank the kind and friendly author wishes to express his gratitude to all members colleagues from ASEAN who have made our meetings of the HRRC research team, especially to Ms Delphia a fruitful and cheerful experience. It was fun to meet Lim who is the team leader and also the author’s all of you! Finally, in no way do I pretend this research wonderful classmate at Harvard, the HRRC advisory will answer every question nor provide solutions to board members, and the HRRC administrative team all problems of business and human rights; it is only a for their continuous support, assistance, and insightful small contribution to set a baseline for future studies. comments and edits. Special thanks also to his senior It is just the start of the beginning colleague and lovely brother Dr. Suphasit Taweejamsup Lao PDR: for sharing invaluable materials and comments, as well as to his former teaching assistance Mr. Tirayu I would like to thank Ms. Astari Anjani, Ms. Irene Songdacha for assisting with finding preliminary Mira, Ms. Eng Sokunthea, Ms. Chong Hui Ying materials. The author would like to convey deepest and Ms. Xiaocheng Zang for their hard work and gratitudes to the author’s all-time inspiration and extensive research support. I am also grateful to the mentor Professor Vitit Muntarbhorn and Professor Lead Researcher Ms. Delphia Lim for her research Dr. Dean Sakda Thanitcul for providing continuous direction and support throughout the writing of this support and countless number of opportunities. report; as well as to the Advisors Prof. David Cohen, Finally, the author also would like to express his love Prof. Christine Kauffman and Prof. Kevin Tan for and gratitude to his father, mother, sisters, and family their invaluable comments, suggestions and editing for their understanding, mental support, and endless assistance. I would also like to thank Prof. Mahdev love throughout the course of the project. iv Business and Human Rights in ASEAN A Baseline Study Foreword It is with utmost pleasure I present you the 3rd report of HRRC which focuses on Business and Human Rights in ASEAN. This is the first study of its kind and it is our way of contributing to greater understanding on the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights which was adopted by the UN Human Rights Council in June 2011. The Study aims to capture the legal landscape in ASEAN particularly pertaining to the first pillar in the Guiding Principles on the State duty to protect. The Study, however, only managed to focus on nine out of ten ASEAN member States due to human resources constraint. Yet, I believe that this report will still provide you with valuable information and analysis about the region. The study would not have been possible without the guidance and support from our three advisors and editors,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Gus Dur, As the President Is Usually Called
    Indonesia Briefing Jakarta/Brussels, 21 February 2001 INDONESIA'S PRESIDENTIAL CRISIS The Abdurrahman Wahid presidency was dealt a devastating blow by the Indonesian parliament (DPR) on 1 February 2001 when it voted 393 to 4 to begin proceedings that could end with the impeachment of the president.1 This followed the walk-out of 48 members of Abdurrahman's own National Awakening Party (PKB). Under Indonesia's presidential system, a parliamentary 'no-confidence' motion cannot bring down the government but the recent vote has begun a drawn-out process that could lead to the convening of a Special Session of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) - the body that has the constitutional authority both to elect the president and withdraw the presidential mandate. The most fundamental source of the president's political vulnerability arises from the fact that his party, PKB, won only 13 per cent of the votes in the 1999 national election and holds only 51 seats in the 500-member DPR and 58 in the 695-member MPR. The PKB is based on the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), a traditionalist Muslim organisation that had previously been led by Gus Dur, as the president is usually called. Although the NU's membership is estimated at more than 30 million, the PKB's support is drawn mainly from the rural parts of Java, especially East Java, where it was the leading party in the general election. Gus Dur's election as president occurred in somewhat fortuitous circumstances. The front-runner in the presidential race was Megawati Soekarnoputri, whose secular- nationalist Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) won 34 per cent of the votes in the general election.
    [Show full text]
  • Securities Commission Organization and Stock Exchange Development in Vietnam and Laos
    Southeast Asian Journal of Economics 8(2), December 2020: 129-158 Received: 4 July 2019 Revised: 12 November 2019 Accepted: 27 January 2020 Securities Commission Organization and Stock Exchange Development in Vietnam and Laos Somvixay Chanthavong Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This paper investigates stock exchange evolution in Vietnam and Laos through reviewing previous literature, synthesizing the capital market structure, and evaluating the capacity of the regulatory agencies, with an aim to provide a big picture of how the stock markets have developed. This study uses OLS and Tobit regression analysis to explain the associated indicators of stock exchange development in the selected countries. I find that the stock exchange in Vietnam has undergone dramatic development. However, inadequacy of securities law, low free-float of shares, and an undiversified investor base are reported as challenges. The stock exchange in Laos is still in its initial stages of development and is confronted with various challenges, including limited and undiversified products of listed companies, low liquidity, and a small in- vestor base. Keywords: Stock exchange, capital market, securities commission, Vietnam, Laos. 130 • Southeast Asian Journal of Economics 8(2), December 2020 1. Introduction The economic system in every country differs depending on local history and perceptions of national direction platforms, especially in socialist countries. These states, which have one party and call themselves socialist nations, can be different and have unique characteristics in terms of political, economic, and social management systems. There is no exception with the two existing socialist country members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), namely the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (hereafter Vietnam) and the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (hereafter Laos).
    [Show full text]
  • Corporate Governance in Lao PDR
    OECD INVESTMENT POLICY REVIEWS: LAO PDR © OECD 2017 Chapter 4 Corporate governance in Lao PDR This chapter provides an overview corporate governance framework in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). It addresses ongoing reforms to the ownership and governance of state-owned enterprises and challenges in expanding the capital market. OECD INVESTMENT POLICY REVIEWS: LAO PDR © OECD 2017 133 4. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN LAO PDR Summary Corporate governance concerns the structure framing the relationships among a company’s executive management, board of directors, shareholders, and stakeholders. From the perspective of modernising legal and regulatory frameworks for investment, effective corporate governance critically affects individual firm behaviour as well as broader macroeconomic activity. For emerging market economies, improving corporate governance can reinforce property rights, reduce transaction costs, and lower the cost of capital, which together can improve investor confidence. The Asian financial crisis in 1997 acted as a significant catalyst for improving corporate governance frameworks in Asia with the aim of building well-functioning and stable financial markets. While the Lao authorities have made progress in recent years in the area of corporate governance, the overall legal and regulatory corporate governance framework remains challenging, with scattered inconsistencies and at times limited awareness by market participants. This section evaluates the current and evolving institutional framework for corporate governance in Lao PDR, using as a benchmark the G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance and the OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of State-owned Enterprises (Box 4.1).1 Developing a corporate governance framework Since 1986, Lao PDR has undertaken important reforms in its transition to a market economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Directory of Special Procedures
    Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights The Special Procedures of the Human Rights Council are independent JUNE especially women and children in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea human rights experts with mandates to report and advise on Ms. Maria Grazia Giammarinaro Mr. Marzuki Darusman human rights from a thematic or country-specific perspective. English, French English The system of Special Procedures is a central element of the [email protected] [email protected] United Nations human rights machinery and covers all rights: civil, cultural, economic, political, and social. As of 1 April 2015, there are Special Rapporteur on the promotion of truth, justice, Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights 55 Special Procedures (41 thematic mandates and 14 mandates 2015 reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence in Eritrea relating to countries or territories) with currently 77 mandate-holders. Mr. Pablo de Greiff Ms. Sheila B. Keetharuth English, Spanish English, French With the support of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner [email protected] [email protected] for Human Rights (OHCHR), Special Procedures undertake country visits; act on individual cases and concerns of a broader, structural nature by sending communications to States in which they bring Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of Independent Expert on the situation of human rights unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of in Haiti alleged violations to their attention; conduct thematic studies and human rights convene expert consultations, develop international human rights Mr. Gustavo Gallón Mr. Idriss Jazairy standards, engage in advocacy, raise public awareness; and provide English, French, Spanish English, French, Arabic advice and support for technical cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Procedure Mandate-Holders Presenting to the Third Committee
    GA66 Third Committee Subject to change – Status as of 7 October 2011 Special procedure mandate-holders, Chairs of human rights treaty bodies or Chairs of Working Groups presenting reports Monday, 10 October (am) • Chair of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, Ms. Silvia Pimentel – oral report and interactive dialogue. • Special Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes and consequences, Ms. Rashida MANJOO report and interactive dialogue. Wednesday, 12 October (pm) • Chair of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, Mr. Jean Zermatten, – oral report. • Special Representative of the Secretary-General on violence against children, Ms. Marta SANTOS PAIS. • Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography, Ms. Najat M’jid MAALLA. Monday, 17 October (am) • Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous people, Mr. James ANAYA. Tuesday, 18 October (am) • Chair of the Committee against Torture, Mr. Claudio GROSSMAN – oral report and interactive dialogue. • Chair of the Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture, Mr. Malcolm David Evans – oral report and interactive dialogue. • Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment of punishment, Mr. Juan MENDEZ Wednesday, 19 October (pm) • Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iran, Mr. Ahmed SHAHEED. • Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Myanmar, Mr. Tomas Ojea QUINTANA. • Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Mr. Marzuki DARUSMAN. Thursday, 20 October (am) • Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia's Transformation and the Stability of Southeast Asia
    INDONESIA’S TRANSFORMATION and the Stability of Southeast Asia Angel Rabasa • Peter Chalk Prepared for the United States Air Force Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ProjectR AIR FORCE The research reported here was sponsored by the United States Air Force under Contract F49642-01-C-0003. Further information may be obtained from the Strategic Planning Division, Directorate of Plans, Hq USAF. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rabasa, Angel. Indonesia’s transformation and the stability of Southeast Asia / Angel Rabasa, Peter Chalk. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. “MR-1344.” ISBN 0-8330-3006-X 1. National security—Indonesia. 2. Indonesia—Strategic aspects. 3. Indonesia— Politics and government—1998– 4. Asia, Southeastern—Strategic aspects. 5. National security—Asia, Southeastern. I. Chalk, Peter. II. Title. UA853.I5 R33 2001 959.804—dc21 2001031904 Cover Photograph: Moslem Indonesians shout “Allahu Akbar” (God is Great) as they demonstrate in front of the National Commission of Human Rights in Jakarta, 10 January 2000. Courtesy of AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE (AFP) PHOTO/Dimas. RAND is a nonprofit institution that helps improve policy and decisionmaking through research and analysis. RAND® is a registered trademark. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions or policies of its research sponsors. Cover design by Maritta Tapanainen © Copyright 2001 RAND All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying,
    [Show full text]
  • Bank of the Lao PDR Branches
    Contents Governor’s Statement ..................................................................................................................................... 1 I. Economic Growth ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Service Sector ............................................................................................................................. 6 1.2. Industry Sector ........................................................................................................................... 6 1.3. Agriculture Sector ...................................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Inflation ...................................................................................................................................... 6 II. Public Finances ................................................................................................................................... 7 2.1. Fiscal Performance ..................................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Revenue ...................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3. Expenditure ................................................................................................................................ 8 2.4. Financing ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Commissions of Inquiry and Fact-Finding Missions on International Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Guidance and Practice
    The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY AND (OHCHR) is mandated to promote and protect the enjoyment and full realization, by all people, of all rights established in international human rights FACT-FINDING MISSIONS ON law. It is guided in its work by the mandate provided by the General Assembly in resolution 48/141, the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS Declaration of Human Rights and subsequent human rights instruments, the • Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action of the 1993 World Conference AND HUMANITARIAN LAW on Human Rights, and the 2005 World Summit Outcome Document. The mandate includes preventing human rights violations, securing respect for all human rights, promoting international cooperation to protect human rights, coordinating related activities throughout the United Nations, and strengthening and streamlining United Nations human rights work. In addition to its mandated responsibilities, it leads efforts to integrate a human rights approach within all work carried out by the United Nations system. GUIDANCE AND PRACTICE Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Palais des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 10 – Switzerland Telephone: +41 (0) 22 917 90 00 Fax: +41 (0) 22 917 90 08 www.ohchr.org COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY AND FACT-FINDING MISSIONS ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW GUIDANCE AND PRACTICE COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY AND FACT-FINDING MISSIONS ON INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS AND HUMANITARIAN LAW Guidance and Practice New York and Geneva, 2015 Note The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
    [Show full text]
  • BTI 2016 | Laos Country Report
    BTI 2016 | Laos Country Report Status Index 1-10 3.83 # 107 of 129 Political Transformation 1-10 2.90 # 120 of 129 Economic Transformation 1-10 4.75 # 86 of 129 Management Index 1-10 3.68 # 104 of 129 scale score rank trend This report is part of the Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index (BTI) 2016. It covers the period from 1 February 2013 to 31 January 2015. The BTI assesses the transformation toward democracy and a market economy as well as the quality of political management in 129 countries. More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org. Please cite as follows: Bertelsmann Stiftung, BTI 2016 — Laos Country Report. Gütersloh: Bertelsmann Stiftung, 2016. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. BTI 2016 | Laos 2 Key Indicators Population M 6.7 HDI 0.569 GDP p.c., PPP $ 5320.4 Pop. growth1 % p.a. 1.6 HDI rank of 187 139 Gini Index 37.9 Life expectancy years 68.2 UN Education Index 0.436 Poverty3 % 63.3 Urban population % 37.6 Gender inequality2 0.534 Aid per capita $ 64.0 Sources (as of October 2015): The World Bank, World Development Indicators 2015 | UNDP, Human Development Report 2014. Footnotes: (1) Average annual growth rate. (2) Gender Inequality Index (GII). (3) Percentage of population living on less than $3.10 a day at 2011 international prices. Executive Summary In the past two years in Laos, the ruling Lao People’s Revolutionary Party (LPRP) has continued to pursue rapid economic growth while strengthening its power over the political sphere.
    [Show full text]
  • Performance and Challenges of the UN Human Rights Council an Ngos’ View
    INTERNATIONAL POLICY ANALYSIS Performance and Challenges of the UN Human Rights Council An NGOs’ View THEODOR RATHGEBER February 2013 The current dynamic within the UN Human Rights Council (HRC) has driven the Council in certain cases to function more closely in accordance with normative stand- ards, as well as with the reality on the ground. Civil society stakeholders have a num- ber of opportunities to consolidate that dynamic. The increasing number of cross-regional initiatives even on country situations indi- cates that »joint« does not necessarily mean »lowest common denominator«. How- ever, instead of relying too much on a case- and victim-centred rationality under- lying States’ actions, NGOs should focus on new mechanisms, ultimately in terms of a trigger system. Successful outcomes in protecting human rights are produced by efforts made within the framework of Special Procedures. In maintaining such a dynamic, civil society stakeholders are a major resource for continuously challenging governments, for in- stance, in terms of follow-up processes at national as well as at Council level. Addressing thematic challenges from a southern perspective will be a crucial element in the better functioning of the HRC. NGOs and National Human Rights Institutions are among the main actors involved in keeping the spotlight on uncomfortable is- sues in order to improve international cooperation and ultimately a better function- ing of the HRC. If it was possible to establish global governance in world trade relations through standards and an effective regulatory and sanctioning system there is no good reason to abstain from such regulation in the field of human rights protection.
    [Show full text]
  • 1907475* A/Hrc/28/2
    United Nations A/HRC/28/2 General Assembly Distr.: General 7 May 2019 Original: English Human Rights Council Twenty-eighth session Agenda item 1 Organizational and procedural matters Report of the Human Rights Council on its twenty-eighth session Vice-President and Rapporteur : Mothusi Bruce Rabasha Palai (Botswana) GE.19-07475(E) *1907475* A/HRC/28/2 Contents Page Part One: Resolutions, decisions and President’s statements adopted by the Human Rights Council at its twenty-eighth session ........................................................................................................... 4 I. Resolutions .................................................................................................................................... 4 II. Decisions ....................................................................................................................................... 5 III. President’s statements ................................................................................................................... 6 Part Two: Summary of proceedings ............................................................................................................... 7 I. Organizational and procedural matters .......................................................................................... 7 A. Opening and duration of the session ..................................................................................... 7 B. Attendance ...........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • “After Suharto” in Newsweek and “End of an Era” Article in Time Magazine
    NEWS IDEOLOGY OF SUHARTO’S FALL EVENT IN “AFTER SUHARTO” IN NEWSWEEK AND “END OF AN ERA” ARTICLE IN TIME MAGAZINE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By MEITA ESTININGSIH Student Number: 044214102 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2010 NEWS IDEOLOGY OF SUHARTO’S FALL EVENT IN “AFTER SUHARTO” IN NEWSWEEK AND “END OF AN ERA” ARTICLE IN TIME MAGAZINE AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By MEITA ESTININGSIH Student Number: 044214102 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2010 i ii iii A newspaper is a collection of half-injustices Which, bawled by boys from mile to mile, Spreads its curious opinion To a million merciful and sneering men, While families cuddle the joys of the fireside When spurred by tale of dire lone agony. A newspaper is a court Where every one is kindly and unfairly tried By a squalor of honest men. A newspaper is a market Where wisdom sells its freedom And melons are crowned by the crowd. A newspaper is a game Where his error scores the player victory While another's skill wins death. A newspaper is a symbol; It is feckless life's chronicle, A collection of loud tales Concentrating eternal stupidities, That in remote ages lived unhaltered, Roaming through a fenceless world. A poem by Stephen crane iv g{|á à{xá|á |á wxw|vtàxw àÉ Åç uxÄÉäxw ÑtÜxÇàá? ytÅ|Äç tÇw yÜ|xÇwá‹ TÇw àÉ tÄÄ à{x ÑxÉÑÄx ã{É Üxtw à{|á‹ v STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY I honestly declared that this thesis, which I have written, does not contain the work or parts of the work of other people, except those cited in the quotations and the references, as a scientific paper should.
    [Show full text]