Totems and rituals on global stage The performance of the Canadian identity at the Vancouver Winter Games Pauline de Groot Student number: 372257
[email protected] Master Thesis Kunst & Cultuurwetenschappen Supervisor: Dr. L. Braden Second reader: T.J. Hoebink MA Erasmus School of History, Culture and Communication Erasmus University Rotterdam August 1, 2013 Table of Contents Page: Foreword 4 1. Introduction 5 2. Theoretical Framework 9 2.1 Durkheim and his use of rituals and totems 9 2.2 Anderson, imagined communities and the performance of national identity 11 2.3 Why the Olympic Games? 13 2.4 Why Canada? 15 2.5 Significance of this research 17 3. Data and Methodology 19 3.1 Data 19 3.2 Methodology 23 4. Findings 26 4.1 Awareness of a global stage 26 5. Canada as a multicultural, diverse, and inclusive country 29 5.1 The Aboriginal people and culture in Canada 31 5.2 Canada’s immigrants 35 5.3 The French language and the Quebec culture 36 5.3.1 Bilingualism in Canada 36 5.3.2 The French-Canadian people and their culture 40 5.4 Women 45 5.5 Conclusion 45 6. Canada as a sport-minded and sport-loving country 47 6.1 Canadian athletes 48 6.2 Ice hockey - The Canadian sport 51 6.2.1 Canada’s cold climate and geography 52 6.2.2 Battle against other nations 53 6.2.3 Battle against the USA 53 6.3 Sport facilities in Canada 54 6.4 Canadians as fanatic sport fans 55 6.5 Conclusion 58 7.