Oracle VM Virtualbox User Manual
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Effective Virtual CPU Configuration with QEMU and Libvirt
Effective Virtual CPU Configuration with QEMU and libvirt Kashyap Chamarthy <[email protected]> Open Source Summit Edinburgh, 2018 1 / 38 Timeline of recent CPU flaws, 2018 (a) Jan 03 • Spectre v1: Bounds Check Bypass Jan 03 • Spectre v2: Branch Target Injection Jan 03 • Meltdown: Rogue Data Cache Load May 21 • Spectre-NG: Speculative Store Bypass Jun 21 • TLBleed: Side-channel attack over shared TLBs 2 / 38 Timeline of recent CPU flaws, 2018 (b) Jun 29 • NetSpectre: Side-channel attack over local network Jul 10 • Spectre-NG: Bounds Check Bypass Store Aug 14 • L1TF: "L1 Terminal Fault" ... • ? 3 / 38 Related talks in the ‘References’ section Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications What this talk is not about 4 / 38 Related talks in the ‘References’ section What this talk is not about Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications 4 / 38 What this talk is not about Out of scope: Internals of various side-channel attacks How to exploit Meltdown & Spectre variants Details of performance implications Related talks in the ‘References’ section 4 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) libvirtd QMP QMP QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Custom Disk1 Disk2 Appliance ioctl() KVM-based virtualization components Linux with KVM 5 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) libvirtd QMP QMP Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Disk1 Disk2 ioctl() Linux with KVM 5 / 38 OpenStack, et al. libguestfs Virt Driver (guestfish) Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components libvirtd QMP QMP QEMU QEMU VM1 VM2 Disk1 Disk2 ioctl() Linux with KVM 5 / 38 libguestfs (guestfish) Custom Appliance KVM-based virtualization components OpenStack, et al. -
QEMU Parameter Jungle Slides
Finding your way through the QEMU parameter jungle 2018-02-04 Thomas Huth <[email protected]> Legal ● Disclaimer: Opinions are my own and not necessarily the views of my employer ● “Jungle Leaves” background license: CC BY 3.0 US : https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/ Image has been modified from the original at: https://www.freevector.com/jungle-leaves-vector-background 2 Introduction 3 Why a guide through the QEMU parameter jungle? 4 Why a guide through the QEMU parameter jungle? ● QEMU is a big project, supports lots of emulated devices, and lots of host backends ● 15 years of development → a lot of legacy ● $ qemu-system-i386 -h | wc -l 454 ● People regularly ask about CLI problems on mailing lists or in the IRC channels → Use libvirt, virt-manager, etc. if you just want an easier way to run a VM 5 General Know-How ● QEMU does not distinguish single-dash options from double-dash options: -h = --h = -help = --help ● QEMU starts with a set of default devices, e.g. a NIC and a VGA card. If you don't want this: --nodefaults or suppress certain default devices: --vga none --net none 6 Getting help about the options ● Parameter overview: -h or --help (of course) ● Many parameters provide info with “help”: --accel help ● Especially, use this to list available devices: --device help ● To list parameters of a device: --device e1000,help ● To list parameters of a machine: --machine q35,help 7 e1000 example ● $ qemu-system-x86_64 --device e1000,help [...] e1000.addr=int32 (PCI slot and function¼) e1000.x-pcie-extcap-init=bool (on/off) e1000.extra_mac_registers=bool (on/off) e1000.mac=str (Ethernet 6-byte MAC Address¼) e1000.netdev=str (ID of a netdev backend) ● $ qemu-system-x86_64 --device \ e1000,mac=52:54:00:12:34:56,addr=06.0 8 General Know How: Guest and Host There are always two parts of an emulated device: ● Emulated guest hardware, e.g.: --device e1000 ● The backend in the host, e.g.: --netdev tap Make sure to use right set of parameters for configuration! 9 “Classes” of QEMU parameters ● Convenience : Easy to use, but often limited scope. -
Many Things Related to Qubesos
Qubes OS Many things Many things related to QubesOS Author: Neowutran Contents 1 Wiping VM 2 1.1 Low level storage technologies .................. 2 1.1.1 Must read ......................... 2 1.1.2 TL;DR of my understanding of the issue ........ 2 1.1.3 Things that could by implemented by QubesOS .... 2 2 Create a Gaming HVM 2 2.1 References ............................. 2 2.2 Prerequise ............................. 3 2.3 Hardware ............................. 3 2.4 Checklist .............................. 4 2.5 IOMMU Group .......................... 4 2.6 GRUB modification ........................ 4 2.7 Patching stubdom-linux-rootfs.gz ................ 5 2.8 Pass the GPU ........................... 6 2.9 Conclusion ............................. 6 2.10 Bugs ................................ 6 3 Create a Linux Gaming HVM, integrated with QubesOS 7 3.1 Goals ................................ 7 3.2 Hardware used .......................... 7 3.3 Main steps summary ....................... 7 3.3.1 Detailled steps ...................... 8 3.3.2 Using a kernel provided by debian ............ 8 3.4 Xorg ................................ 8 3.4.1 Pulseaudio ......................... 11 3.5 Final notes ............................ 11 3.6 References ............................. 12 4 Nitrokey and QubeOS 12 5 Recovery: Mount disk 12 6 Disposable VM 13 6.1 Introduction ............................ 14 6.1.1 References ......................... 14 6.1.2 What is a disposable VM? ................ 14 6.2 Playing online video ....................... 14 6.3 Web browsing ........................... 15 6.4 Manipulating untrusted files/data ................ 16 1 6.5 Mounting LVM image ...................... 17 6.6 Replace sys-* VM ......................... 18 6.7 Replace some AppVMs ...................... 18 7 Building a new QubesOS package 18 7.1 References ............................. 18 7.2 Goal ................................ 18 7.3 The software ............................ 19 7.4 Packaging ............................. 19 7.5 Building ............................. -
QEMU for Xen Secure by Default
QEMU for Xen secure by default Deprivileging the PC system emulator Ian Jackson <[email protected]> FOSDEM 2016 with assistance from Stefano Stabellini guest guest Xen PV driver IDE driver Xen PV protocol mmio, dma, etc. qemu Emulated IDE controller Xen PV backend (usually), syscalls (usually) dom0 (usu.dom0) kernel Device driver kernel Device driver PV HVM ... ... ... ... ... from Xen Security Team advisories page, http://xenbits.xen.org/xsa/ Xen on x86 modes, and device model bug implications Current status for users of upstream Xen and distros and future plans Status Device model Notes bugs mean PV Fully supported Safe (no DM) Only modified guests HVM qemu in dom0 Fully supported Vulnerable Current default as root HVM qemu stub DM Upstream but not Safe Ancient qemu qemu-xen-trad. in most distros. Build system problems HVM qemu stub DM In progress Safe Rump build system rump kernel Hard work! is mini distro HVM qemu dom0 Targeting No privilege esc. Defence in depth not as root Xen 4.7 Maybe dom0 DoS Hopefully, will be default Xen on x86 modes, and device model bug implications Current status for users of upstream Xen and distros and future plans Status Device model Notes bugs mean PV Fully supported Safe (no DM) Only modified guests HVM qemu in dom0 Fully supported Vulnerable Current default as root HVM qemu stub DM Upstream but not Safe Ancient qemu qemu-xen-trad. in most distros. Build system problems HVM qemu stub DM In progress Safe Rump build system rump kernel Hard work! is mini distro HVM qemu dom0 Targeting No privilege esc. -
Hyperlink: Virtual Machine Introspection and Memory Forensic Analysis Without Kernel Source Code Jidong Xiao Boise State University
Boise State University ScholarWorks Computer Science Faculty Publications and Department of Computer Science Presentations 1-1-2016 HyperLink: Virtual Machine Introspection and Memory Forensic Analysis without Kernel Source Code Jidong Xiao Boise State University Lei Lu VMware Inc. Haining Wang University of Delaware Xiaoyun Zhu Futurewei Technologies © 2016 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. doi: 10.1109/ICAC.2016.46 HyperLink: Virtual Machine Introspection and Memory Forensic Analysis without Kernel Source Code Jidong Xiao∗, Lei Luy, Haining Wangz, Xiaoyun Zhux ∗Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA yVMware Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA zUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA xFuturewei Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA Abstract— Virtual Machine Introspection (VMI) is an ap- nel rootkit detection [8], [9], kernel integrity protection [10], proach to inspecting and analyzing the software running inside a and detection of covertly executing binaries [11]. Being the virtual machine from the hypervisor. Similarly, memory forensics main enabling technology for cloud computing, virtualiza- analyzes the memory snapshots or dumps to understand the tion allows us allocating finite hardware resources among runtime state of a physical or virtual machine. The existing VMI a large number of software systems and programs. As the and memory forensic tools rely on up-to-date kernel information key component of virtualization, a hypervisor runs directly of the target operating system (OS) to work properly, which often requires the availability of the kernel source code. -
Hardware Virtualization
Hardware Virtualization E-516 Cloud Computing 1 / 33 Virtualization Virtualization is a vital technique employed throughout the OS Given a physical resource, expose a virtual resource through layering and enforced modularity Users of the virtual resource (usually) cannot tell the difference Different forms: Multiplexing: Expose many virtual resources Aggregation: Combine many physical resources [RAID, Memory] Emulation: Provide a different virtual resource 2 / 33 Virtualization in Operating Systems Virtualizing CPU enables us to run multiple concurrent processes Mechanism: Time-division multiplexing and context switching Provides multiplexing and isolation Similarly, virtualizing memory provides each process the illusion/abstraction of a large, contiguous, and isolated “virtual” memory Virtualizing a resource enables safe multiplexing 3 / 33 Virtual Machines: Virtualizing the hardware Software abstraction Behaves like hardware Encapsulates all OS and application state Virtualization layer (aka Hypervisor) Extra level of indirection Decouples hardware and the OS Enforces isolation Multiplexes physical hardware across VMs 4 / 33 Hardware Virtualization History 1967: IBM System 360/ VM/370 fully virtualizable 1980s–1990s: “Forgotten”. x86 had no support 1999: VMWare. First x86 virtualization. 2003: Xen. Paravirtualization for Linux. Used by Amazon EC2 2006: Intel and AMD develop CPU extensions 2007: Linux Kernel Virtual Machines (KVM). Used by Google Cloud (and others). 5 / 33 Guest Operating Systems VMs run their own operating system (called “guest OS”) Full Virtualization: run unmodified guest OS. But, operating systems assume they have full control of actual hardware. With virtualization, they only have control over “virtual” hardware. Para Virtualization: Run virtualization-aware guest OS that participates and helps in the virtualization. Full machine hardware virtualization is challenging What happens when an instruction is executed? Memory accesses? Control I/O devices? Handle interrupts? File read/write? 6 / 33 Full Virtualization Requirements Isolation. -
Attacker Chatbots for Randomised and Interactive Security Labs, Using Secgen and Ovirt
Hackerbot: Attacker Chatbots for Randomised and Interactive Security Labs, Using SecGen and oVirt Z. Cliffe Schreuders, Thomas Shaw, Aimée Mac Muireadhaigh, Paul Staniforth, Leeds Beckett University Abstract challenges, rewarding correct solutions with flags. We deployed an oVirt infrastructure to host the VMs, and Capture the flag (CTF) has been applied with success in leveraged the SecGen framework [6] to generate lab cybersecurity education, and works particularly well sheets, provision VMs, and provide randomisation when learning offensive techniques. However, between students. defensive security and incident response do not always naturally fit the existing approaches to CTF. We present 2. Related Literature Hackerbot, a unique approach for teaching computer Capture the flag (CTF) is a type of cyber security game security: students interact with a malicious attacker which involves collecting flags by solving security chatbot, who challenges them to complete a variety of challenges. CTF events give professionals, students, security tasks, including defensive and investigatory and enthusiasts an opportunity to test their security challenges. Challenges are randomised using SecGen, skills in competition. CTFs emerged out of the and deployed onto an oVirt infrastructure. DEFCON hacker conference [7] and remain common Evaluation data included system performance, mixed activities at cybersecurity conferences and online [8]. methods questionnaires (including the Instructional Some events target students with the goal of Materials Motivation Survey (IMMS) and the System encouraging interest in the field: for example, PicoCTF Usability Scale (SUS)), and group interviews/focus is an annual high school competition [9], and CSAW groups. Results were encouraging, finding the approach CTF is an annual competition for students in Higher convenient, engaging, fun, and interactive; while Education (HE) [10]. -
Ovirt and Openstack Storage (Present and Future)
oVirt and OpenStack Storage (present and future) Federico Simoncelli Principal Software Engineer, Red Hat January 2014 1 Federico Simoncelli – oVirt and OpenStack Storage (present and future) Agenda ● Introduction ● oVirt and OpenStack Overview ● Present ● oVirt and Glance Integration ● Importing and Exporting Glance Images ● Current Constraints and Limitations ● Future ● Glance Future Integration ● Keystone Authentication in oVirt ● oVirt and Cinder Integration 2 Federico Simoncelli – oVirt and OpenStack Storage (present and future) oVirt Overview ● oVirt is a virtualization management application ● manages hardware nodes, storage and network resources, in order to deploy and monitor virtual machines running in your data center ● Free open source software released under the terms of the Apache License 3 Federico Simoncelli – oVirt and OpenStack Storage (present and future) The oVirt Virtualization Architecture 4 Federico Simoncelli – oVirt and OpenStack Storage (present and future) OpenStack Overview ● Cloud computing project to provide an Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) ● Controls large pools of compute, storage, and networking resources ● Free open source software released under the terms of the Apache License ● Project is managed by the OpenStack Foundation, a non-profit corporate entity established in September 2012 5 Federico Simoncelli – oVirt and OpenStack Storage (present and future) OpenStack Glance Service ● Provides services for discovering, registering, and retrieving virtual machine images ● RESTful API that allows querying -
Oracle Virtualbox Installation, Setup, and Ubuntu Introduction
ORACLE VIRTUALBOX INSTALLATION, SETUP, AND UBUNTU INTRODUCTION • VirtualBox is a hardware virtualization program. • Create virtual computers aka virtual machines. • Prototyping, sandboxing, testing. • The computer that VirtualBox is installed on is called the “host”, and each virtual machine is called a “guest”. PREREQUISITES Since virtual machines share resources with the host computer, we need to know what resources we have available on our host. • Click “Type here to search”. • Search for “System Information”. • Note the number of processor cores and the amount of RAM installed in your host. PREREQUISITES • Expand “Components”. • Expand “Storage”. • Select “Drives”. • Note the amount of free space available on your host. Every computer is different, so how we will need to balance these resources between our host and guest systems will differ. DOWNLOADING VIRTUALBOX • VISIT VIRTUALBOX.ORG • SELECT THE CORRECT PACKAGE • CLICK THE DOWNLOAD LINK. FOR YOUR HOST. INSTALLING VIRTUALBOX • Browse to where you downloaded VirtualBox and run the installer. • All default options will be fine. Simply follow the prompts. INSTALLING VIRTUALBOX • CLICK “FINISH”. • VIRTUALBOX INSTALLED! SETTING THINGS UP Before we build our first virtual machine, we need to download an operating system to install as our “guest”. • Visit Ubuntu.com • Click “Download”. • Select the current Ubuntu Desktop “LTS” release. • LTS releases focus on stability rather than cutting edge features. SETTING THINGS UP • IN VIRTUALBOX, CLICK “NEW”. • NAME THE VIRTUAL MACHINE. SETTING THINGS UP Here’s where we will need the system resources information that we looked up earlier. Each virtual machine functions like a separate computer in and of itself and will need to share RAM with the host. -
Virtualization
Virtualization ...or how adding another layer of abstraction is changing the world. CIS 399: Unix Skills University of Pennsylvania April 6, 2009 (CIS 399 Unix) Virtualization April 6, 2009 1 / 22 What is virtualization? Without virtualization: (CIS 399 Unix) Virtualization April 6, 2009 2 / 22 What is virtualization? With virtualization: (CIS 399 Unix) Virtualization April 6, 2009 3 / 22 Why virtualize? (CIS 399 Unix) Virtualization April 6, 2009 4 / 22 Why virtualize? Operating system independence Hardware independence Resource utilization Security Flexibility (CIS 399 Unix) Virtualization April 6, 2009 5 / 22 Virtualization for Users Parallels Desktop and VMware Fusion have brought virtualization to normal computer users. Mostly used for running Windows programs side-by-side with OS X programs. Desktop use has pushed support for: I USB devices I Better graphics performance (3d acceleration) I Integration between the guest and host operating system and applications. (CIS 399 Unix) Virtualization April 6, 2009 6 / 22 Virtualization for Developers Build and test on multiple operating systems with a single computer. Use VM snapshots to provide a consistent testing environment. Run the debugger from outside the virtual machine. I Isolates the debugger and program from each other. I Allows easy kernel debugging. I Snapshotting and record/replay allow you to capture and analyze rare bugs. (CIS 399 Unix) Virtualization April 6, 2009 7 / 22 Virtualization for Business Hardware independence - upgrade hardware without reinstalling software. Resource utilization - turn 10 hosts with 10% utilization into 1 host with 100% utilization. Big power and cooling savings! Migration - move a server to a different machine without shutting it down. -
Virtualization of Linux Based Computers: the Linux-Vserver Project
VirtualizationVirtualization ofof LinuxLinux basedbased computers:computers: thethe LinuxLinux--VServerVServer projectproject BenoBenoîîtt desdes Ligneris,Ligneris, Ph.Ph. D.D. [email protected] Objectives:Objectives: Objectives:Objectives: 1)1) PresentPresent thethe availableavailable programsprograms thatthat cancan provideprovide aa virtualizationvirtualization ofof LinuxLinux computerscomputers withwith differentdifferent technologies.technologies. Objectives:Objectives: 1)1) PresentPresent thethe availableavailable programsprograms thatthat cancan provideprovide aa virtualizationvirtualization ofof LinuxLinux computerscomputers withwith differentdifferent technologies.technologies. 2)2) FocusFocus onon LinuxLinux--VServers:VServers: aa veryvery lightweightlightweight andand effectiveeffective technologytechnology forfor thethe regularregular LinuxLinux useruser notnot interstedintersted inin KernelKernel hacking.hacking. PlanPlan PlanPlan ● IntroductionIntroduction PlanPlan ● IntroductionIntroduction ● OverviewOverview ofof thethe availableavailable technologytechnology PlanPlan ● IntroductionIntroduction ● OverviewOverview ofof thethe availableavailable technologytechnology ● ClassificationClassification ofof thethe problems:problems: usageusage criteriacriteria PlanPlan ● IntroductionIntroduction ● OverviewOverview ofof thethe availableavailable technologytechnology ● ClassificationClassification ofof thethe problems:problems: usageusage criteriacriteria ● ComparativeComparative studystudy ofof thethe existingexisting -
Draft NISTIR 8221
Withdrawn Draft Warning Notice The attached draft document has been withdrawn, and is provided solely for historical purposes. It has been superseded by the document identified below. Withdrawal Date June 5, 2019 Original Release Date September 21, 2018 Superseding Document Status Final Series/Number NISTIR 8221 Title A Methodology for Enabling Forensic Analysis Using Hypervisor Vulnerabilities Data Publication Date June 2019 DOI https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8221 CSRC URL https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/nistir/8221/final Additional Information 1 Draft NISTIR 8221 2 3 A Methodology for Determining 4 Forensic Data Requirements for 5 Detecting Hypervisor Attacks 6 7 8 Ramaswamy Chandramouli 9 Anoop Singhal 10 Duminda Wijesekera 11 Changwei Liu 12 13 14 Draft NISTIR 8221 15 16 A Methodology for Determining 17 Forensic Data Requirements for 18 Detecting Hypervisor Attacks 19 20 Ramaswamy Chandramouli 21 Anoop Singhal 22 Duminda Wijesekera 23 Changwei Liu 24 Computer Security Division 25 Information Technology Laboratory 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 September 2018 37 38 39 40 41 U.S. Department of Commerce 42 Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary 43 44 National Institute of Standards and Technology 45 Walter Copan, NIST Director and Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology 46 47 National Institute of Standards and Technology Internal Report 8221 48 27 pages (September 2018) 49 50 51 Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an 52 experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or 53 endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best 54 available for the purpose.