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Volume IX the Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal

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Volume IX the Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal FURJFordham Undergraduate Research Journal Volume IX The Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal Spring 2019 Volume IX, Issue I ISSN 2377-8482 STAFF Letter from the Editor EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Dear Fordham Community, FEATURES Onjona Hossain MANAGING EDITOR It is with great pleasure that I present Issue I of Volume IX of A 15-Minute Journey Jack Franke Venezuela’s Road to the Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal. This Issue is the 6 COPY EDITOR Beyond Atoms Collapse: Using Hayek’s first of two to be published in print for Volume IX. This is the Teddy Schoneman Angie Kawanishi 22 Road to Serfdom to first year that FURJ will be putting out two print issues with the COPY EDITING STAFF Explain the Venezuelan Maria Aliberti Meghan Kelly hopes of showcasing even more outstanding original research Frank Buono Anastasia McGrath conducted by undergraduate students than ever before. The Filming through Forty U.S. Crisis Briana Dicostanza Sean Murphey Theodore Schoneman Elizabeth Galbo Laura Reno research presented in this journal showcases various disciples Public Lands with a Tess Gutenbrunner Ava Roche including economics, history, literature, sociology, anthropolo- 8 Jack Brennan Emily Hollenbaugh Meghan Schaffner Catherine Imossi gy, and computer engineering. Fordham holds a tradition of ac- Conservation Lens PEER REVIEW EDITORS ademia and encourages students to be fierce in their pursuit of Elizabeth Carr Joshua Anthony knowledge. FURJ aims to present the incredible research that is Olivia Del Vecchio Environmental Yianni Flouskakos conducted on our campuses on an expressive platform. 27 Conservation in the Era of PEER REVIEW STAFF Ineffective Governance Kenzie Allen Nusrat Mahajabin The publishing of this issue would not have been possible with- RESEARCH Briana Boland Joshua O’Dell out the tireless efforts of our talented Editorial-Board and their Nicole Drepaul Amanda Chen Alex Rallo Colleen Cochran Diana Reynoso staff members, encompassing our double-blind peer review pro- Becoming an Agent for Ashley Conde Ava Roche cess, several rounds of copy editing, multiple interviews with Brianna DiConstanzo Ally Ryan Positive Change: Youth Lizzy Galbo Stephanie Sabido our news staff, and artistic vision of our design team. In addi- Evaluation of the Tess Gutenbrunner Megan Schaffer Development of Self Efficacy Drew Haste Margjele Shala tion to the students involved in all aspects of putting this issue 34 ACQ1001-FMC Digitizer Brielle Intorcia Yang Xu together, I would like to express my immense gratitude for the 10 and Agency through Social Ming Jing Maria Zarcone Abby Tse Faculty Advisory Board and faculty members who volunteered and Emotional Dance BOOK REVIEW EDITOR Yong Hu Kaila Boyer their time to review articles and share their expertise. Our fac- Education In Aguas Frías, ulty and peer reviewers ensure our submissions are held to the BOOK REVIEW STAFF Colombia Johanna Cyran highest standards. Caroline Shriver Rohini Ramabadran BOOK REVIEW NEWS & FEATURES EDITOR Lastly, the Fordham Undergraduate Research Journal would not Elizabeth Carr be possible without the continued support and guidance of Dean Jane Jacobs saves NEWS & FEATURES STAFF Annunziato from Fordham College Rose Hill and Dean Gregoire Fletcher, Jeannine Hill. Elizabeth Bogaard Anastasia McGrath Washington Square Park: from Fordham College Lincoln Center. The Sin of White Gabriella Carioscia Jaclyn Perhati 14 Activism and Postwar Amanda Chen Michelle Yoon Supremacy: Christianity, Ashley Conde Tianshi Zhang Womanhood April Gore Pro Scientia Atque Sapientia. FURJ hopes to continue its tradi- Racism, and Religious tion of excellence and continue to capture our students’ zest for BUSINESS MANAGERS Emma Quinn Diversity in America. Sienna Park knowledge and wisdom. I urge students to become comfortable 38 Salma Youssef with being uncomfortable, to question the world around them, to Orbis Books, 2017 BUSINESS STAFF engage in interdisciplinary discourse, and to not only participate A Political, Economic, and Rohini Ramabadran Nicholas Bafundo in research, but to also share their findings with the world. This Social Analysis of “Crisis” Abigail Shtekler may be through a poster or oral presentation, or through publi- in the Dutch Republic of FACULTY REVIEW EDITOR cation in a journal like FURJ. 17 Rafael Saplala the late Sixteenth Century and Seventeenth Century FACULTY REVIEW STAFF Yours Truly, Olivia Morrissey Abigail Pratt Shelby Stinson DESIGN EDITOR Hailey Morey DESIGN STAFF Onjona Hossain Stephanie Galbraith Editor-in-Chief Joshua O’Dell Michelle Yoon nomena have different dominant char- why photons reflect only at equal an- believes its topics and explanation acteristics and are described in differ- gles (which is why we see ourselves may stay with the reader for a long ent ways at different physical scales. in a mirror), why radioactive decays time due to the questions, the answers Take light for example,” Dr. Efthimi- happen with specific probabilities, as and curiosity it will inspire within the ades says. “Light is described by light well as how the electron produces the reader. This book succeeds in manag- rays on the macroscopic scale, by light “electron cloud” around the nucleus. ing to maximize the effectiveness and waves on the microscopic scale, and Furthermore, we will see that the elec- conciseness of every single sentence by particles (photons) that have wave tric forces arise from the exchanges of and description with its short length. properties on the particle scale.” The transient photons produced with bor- Since the introduction of quantum unveiling of light’s wave-particle du- rowed energy.” theory, countless studies have been ality is what became the inspiration Dr. Efthimiades’ statement that done on the subject. The biggest chal- for quantum mechanics, because up to physics is based on only a few prin- lenge of writing this book, according A 15-Minute 1905 A.D., scientists believed that light ciples applies to quantum mechanics to Dr. Efthimiades, was compressing is a wave phenomenon. “They should as well. Looking at the particle scale the knowledge we gained over the have known better,” Dr. Efthimiades of physical phenomena, it is truly re- last one hundred years, extracting the Journey jokingly remarks, “because photog- markable what quantum mechanics essence of it, and formulating it into a raphy had been used since the 1820s. suggests about the nature of human book that can be read in about 15 min- Beyond Atoms If they were careful, they would have existence, Dr. Efthimiades says, “Light utes. Unlike many other books of noticed that photographs consist of lit- in the form of transient photons is the similar titles that claim to be a brief tle dots, and with a little experimenta- glue that holds matter together. We are introduction to complex scientific the- tion, they would have confirmed that made of electrons, nuclei, and light!” ories, only to overwhelm the readers By Angie Kawanishi, FCLC ’21 Dr. Efthimiades explaining one of the concepts he covers in his books. light is carried by particles very ear- Quantum mechanics is a complex sub- with either wordiness or oversimpli- ly on. Instead, it took a very long and ject, but it doesn’t change Dr. Efthimi- fication, Dr. Efthimiades emphasizes Atoms, the basic entities that build up and inseparable as people thought cle scale, “Like how electrons ‘move’ torturous theoretical road to discover ades’ incredible passion and optimism that his book will keep the promise our world, were believed to be indi- they were, but they also consisted of around the nuclei, the way photons that at the beginning of the 20th cen- about the future of this field. He be- of its title without downplaying the visible until the beginning of the 20th smaller components that function in reflect off the atoms of a mirror, and tury.” lieves that as people in the past three depth and intricacy of this fascinating century. In fact, the name itself is de- a strange and utterly unanticipated many other phenomena, almost ev- Probability, another immensely centuries through classical mechanics subject. rived from the Greek word “atomo,” way. According to Dr. Efthimiades, erything... that could not be explained intriguing concept in quantum me- and the theory of electromagnetism In the last page of the book Quan- which means “without cut.” Linked by these discoveries led to the realization with classical physics.” Dr. Efthimia- chanics, is also addressed in the book. realized that the physical world is not tum Mechanics in 15 Minutes, the read- the same root in their country of ori- that the truth of the universe is hid- des continues. “From the times of an- In opposition to knowledge prior to a pattern but a dynamic arena of inter- ers will find a suggested further read- gin, Greece, is FCLC physics professor den below the macroscopic and micro- cient Greece, it was realized that na- quantum theory, which assumed that acting bodies, in our time people will ing: Quantum Mechanics in 30 Minutes, Spyros Efthimiades, who shares his scopic world and beyond the scale of ture hides its secrets. This turned out electrons revolved around the nuclei undoubtedly achieve a deeper under- which leads to Quantum Mechanics in passion for the world beyond atoms in individual atoms. So, we have entered to be more so regarding how particles as planets revolve around the sun, standing of physical reality through 60 Minutes. Written by Dr. Efthimiades his new book, Quantum Mechanics in a new phase of scientific exploration, interact. However, nature is open to each electron actually forms an “elec- the theory of quantum mechanics. over the course of last five years, this 15 Minutes. the description of the fundamental questions. In particular, every time we tron cloud” which describes the prob- “Any phenomenon that looks mysteri- series of books offers an introduction “Physics is based on just a few particle-scale phenomena through conduct an experiment, we ask nature ability that the electron will be found ous to us is because we have not found and overview of this subject in dif- properties and principles through quantum mechanics, which is what a question.
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