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"Macrolides"? Classify Each Drug in This Chapter As a Macrolide Or Azalide, and As an Antibiotic Or Semi-Synthetic Derivative
STUDY GUIDE THE MACROLIDE/AZALIDE ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS 1. Why are these antibiotics derivatives called "macrolides"? Classify each drug in this chapter as a macrolide or azalide, and as an antibiotic or semi-synthetic derivative. 2. What are the key structural differences between erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin and dirithromycin? 3. Generally how does spiramycin and josamycin differ in structure from the commercial macrolides/azalides (2 reasons)? 4. What are the “ketolides and how do they differ in structure from the commercial macrolides? 5. What is the biosynthetic source of erythromycin? What is the lactone moiety of erythromycin called? What sugar moieties are present and what are their properties? 6. What hydrolysis product forms from erythromycin in aqueous acid or base? What is the significance of this reaction? Can it occur with other macrolides? 7. When does the “intramolecular cyclization” reaction occur with erythromycin? What is it's significance (two reasons) and how does it occur? Which functional groups are important for this reaction? 8. What salt forms of erythromycin are available? Which are water soluble? Which are water-insoluble? How is each salt form formulated and used (oral or parenteral)? 9. What ester and ester salt derivatives of erythromycin are available? What is the estolate? How is each salt form formulated and used (oral or parenteral)? What are the advantages of these esters dosage forms? 10. How does clarithromycin differ in structure from erythromycin? Why was this macrolide developed (the role of the 6-methoxy)? 11. How does azithromycin differ in structure from erythromycin? Why was this macrolide developed? 12. How does dirithromycin differ in structure from erythromycin? Why was this macrolide developed? What is the active form of this prodrug? 13. -
35 Cyproterone Acetate and Ethinyl Estradiol Tablets 2 Mg/0
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH INCLUDING PATIENT MEDICATION INFORMATION PrCYESTRA®-35 cyproterone acetate and ethinyl estradiol tablets 2 mg/0.035 mg THERAPEUTIC CLASSIFICATION Acne Therapy Paladin Labs Inc. Date of Preparation: 100 Alexis Nihon Blvd, Suite 600 January 17, 2019 St-Laurent, Quebec H4M 2P2 Version: 6.0 Control # 223341 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ CYESTRA-35 Product Monograph Page 1 of 48 Table of Contents PART I: HEALTH PROFESSIONAL INFORMATION ....................................................................... 3 SUMMARY PRODUCT INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 3 INDICATION AND CLINICAL USE ..................................................................................................... 3 CONTRAINDICATIONS ........................................................................................................................ 3 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS ....................................................................................................... 4 ADVERSE REACTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 13 DRUG INTERACTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 16 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ................................................................................................ 20 OVERDOSAGE .................................................................................................................................... -
An Approach to the Patient with a Dry Mouth
MedicineToday 2014; 15(4): 30-37 PEER REVIEWED FEATURE 2 CPD POINTS An approach to the patient with a dry mouth Key points • The subjective complaint of ELHAM AFLAKI MD; TAHEREH ERFANI MD; NICHOLAS MANOLIOS MB BS(Hons), PhD, MD, FRACP, FRCPA; xerostomia needs to be MARK SCHIFTER FFD, RCSI(Oral Med), FRACDS(Oral Med) differentiated from true salivary hypofunction. Dry mouth is a common and disabling problem. After exclusion of treatable • Salivary hypofunction can significantly reduce quality causes, treatment is symptomatic to prevent the consequences of salivary of life through its adverse hypofunction, such as tooth decay and infection of the oral mucosa. effects on taste, mastication, swallowing, cleansing of the erostomia, or the subjective feeling of neuropathic-induced orofacial dysaesthesia) mouth, killing of microbes a dry mouth, is a common complaint. and psychological and psychiatric disorders, and speech. It is often a consequence of salivary such as anxiety and depression. • Salivary hypofunction is a hypofunction (hyposalivation), in substantive risk factor for X which there is objective evidence of reduced NORMAL SALIVA PRODUCTION dental caries, oral mucosal salivary output or qualitative changes in saliva. Under normal physiological conditions, the disease and infection, Typically, patients complain of oral dryness salivary glands produce 1000 to 1500 mL of particularly oral candidiasis. only when salivary secretion is reduced by more saliva daily as an ultrafiltrate from the circu- • Patients should be than half.1 As saliva has a crucial role in taste lating plasma. Therefore, simple dehydration investigated for contributory perception, mastication, swallowing, cleansing reduces saliva production. The parotid glands and underlying causes, of the mouth, killing of microbes and speech, are the major source of serous saliva (60 to 65% which include drugs and abnormalities in saliva production can signif- of total saliva volume), producing the stimu- rheumatological diseases. -
WITHOUTUS010307409B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No
WITHOUTUS010307409B2 (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 10 , 307 ,409 B2 Chase et al. (45 ) Date of Patent: Jun . 4 , 2019 ( 54 ) MUSCARINIC COMBINATIONS AND THEIR (52 ) U . S . CI. USE FOR COMBATING CPC . .. .. A61K 31/ 4439 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 9 /0056 HYPOCHOLINERGIC DISORDERS OF THE (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 9 / 7023 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; A61K CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 31 / 166 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 31 / 216 ( 2013 . 01 ) ; A61K 31 /4178 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31/ 439 (71 ) Applicant: Chase Pharmaceuticals Corporation , ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31 /44 (2013 . 01 ) ; A61K Washington , DC (US ) 31/ 454 (2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31/ 4725 ( 2013 .01 ) ; A61K 31 /517 (2013 .01 ) ; A61K 45 / 06 ( 72 ) Inventors : Thomas N . Chase , Washington , DC (2013 . 01 ) (US ) ; Kathleen E . Clarence -Smith , ( 58 ) Field of Classification Search Washington , DC (US ) CPC .. A61K 31/ 167 ; A61K 31/ 216 ; A61K 31/ 439 ; A61K 31 /454 ; A61K 31 /4439 ; A61K (73 ) Assignee : Chase Pharmaceuticals Corporation , 31 /4175 ; A61K 31 /4725 Washington , DC (US ) See application file for complete search history. ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this (56 ) References Cited patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U . S . C . 154 (b ) by 0 days . U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS 5 ,534 ,520 A 7 / 1996 Fisher et al. ( 21) Appl . No. : 15 /260 , 996 2008 /0306103 Al 12 /2008 Fisher et al. 2011/ 0021503 A1* 1/ 2011 Chase . .. A61K 31/ 27 ( 22 ) Filed : Sep . 9 , 2016 514 / 215 2011/ 0071135 A1 * 3 / 2011 Chase . .. .. .. A61K 31/ 166 (65 ) Prior Publication Data 514 / 215 2011 /0245294 Al 10 / 2011 Paborji et al. -
Anthem Blue Cross Drug Formulary
Erythromycin/Sulfisoxazole (generic) INTRODUCTION Penicillins ...................................................................... Anthem Blue Cross uses a formulary Amoxicillin (generic) (preferred list of drugs) to help your doctor Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (generic/Augmentin make prescribing decisions. This list of drugs chew/XR) is updated quarterly, by a committee Ampicillin (generic) consisting of doctors and pharmacists, so that Dicloxacillin (generic) the list includes drugs that are safe and Penicillin (generic) effective in the treatment of diseases. If you Quinolones ..................................................................... have any questions about the accessibility of Ciprofloxacin/XR (generic) your medication, please call the phone number Levofloxacin (Levaquin) listed on the back of your Anthem Blue Cross Sulfonamides ................................................................ member identification card. Erythromycin/Sulfisoxazole (generic) In most cases, if your physician has Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim (generic) determined that it is medically necessary for Sulfisoxazole (generic) you to receive a brand name drug or a drug Tetracyclines .................................................................. that is not on our list, your physician may Doxycycline hyclate (generic) indicate “Dispense as Written” or “Do Not Minocycline (generic) Substitute” on your prescription to ensure Tetracycline (generic) access to the medication through our network ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS (ORAL) _________________ of community -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0108602 A1 Chu Et Al
US 2003O1086O2A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0108602 A1 Chu et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 12, 2003 (54) TABLETS AND METHODS FOR MODIFIED (22) Filed: Jul. 8, 2002 RELEASE OF HYDROPHILIC AND OTHER ACTIVE AGENTS Related U.S. Application Data (75) Inventors: James Shunnan Chu, Palo Alto, CA (63) Continuation of application No. 09/599,102, filed on (US); Yisong Yang, Sunnyvale, CA May 19, 2000, now Pat. No. 6,419,954. (US); Joseph A. Fix, Half Moon Bay, CA (US) Publication Classification Correspondence Address: (51) Int. Cl. ............................................... A61K 9/20 TOWNSEND AND TOWNSEND AND CREW, (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 424/465 LLP TWO EMBARCADERO CENTER EIGHTH FLOOR (57) ABSTRACT SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111-3834 (US) (73) Assignee: Yamanouchi Pharma Technologies, The invention provides a tablet and methods for making the Inc., Palo Alto, CA (US) tablet comprising a gel-forming material and at least one particle comprising an active agent in contact with a coating (21) Appl. No.: 10/191,979 material to modify release of the active agent. Patent Application Publication Jun. 12, 2003 Sheet 1 of 11 US 2003/0108602 A1 (O) N 3(O) 2(O) A/G /A Patent Application Publication Jun. 12, 2003. Sheet 2 of 11 US 2003/0108602 A1 O / O2 OOO OO O Q(SO39 O KC O () i88. OOO OO Okk (ki (k) <k. SJS19O OO <! o O OSS) O O 33 kg) O<< 3k 32 "ooO O & : A/6, 2O Patent Application Publication Jun. 12, 2003 Sheet 3 of 11 US 2003/0108602 A1 Active POWCer (Cevimeline HCI) Formulation Parameters -Pretreatment of Active -Binder: Solid or Solution Binder -% Content of Binder (HPC or PEO/PEG) -Amount of Water Process Parameters -Equipment Selection -Spray Technique Pelletization -Product Temperature (Granulation) -Drying Procedure Process -Milling Technique -High Shear G -Fluid-Bed G In-Process Tests -Yield Active Pellet/Granules -Physical Characteristics -ASSay FIG. -
Erythromycin Versus Tetracycline for Treatment of Mediterranean Spotted Fever
Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.61.10.1027 on 1 October 1986. Downloaded from Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1986, 61, 1027-1029 Erythromycin versus tetracycline for treatment of Mediterranean spotted fever T MUNOZ-ESPIN, P LOPEZ-PARtS, E ESPEJO-ARENAS, B FONT-CREUS, I MARTINEZ- VILA, J TRAVERIA-CASANOVA, F SEGURA-PORTA, AND F BELLA-CUETO Hospital de Sant Llatzer, Terrassa, Clinica Infantil del Nen Jesus, Sabadell, and Hospital Mare de Deu de la Salut, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain SUMMARY Eighty one children aged between 1 and 13 years participated in a randomised comparative trial of tetracycline hydrochloride and erythromycin stearate for treatment of Mediterranean spotted fever. Both therapeutic regimens proved effective, but in patients treated with tetracycline both clinical symptoms and fever disappeared significantly more quickly. Likewise, when those patients who began treatment within the first 72 hours of illness are considered the febrile period had a significantly shorter duration in the group treated with tetracycline. One patient was switched to tetracycline because there was no improvement of clinical manifestations, with persistence of fever, myalgias, and prostration, after receiving eight days of treatment with erythromycin. These results suggest that tetracyclines are superior to erythromycin in the treatment of Mediterranean spotted fever. copyright. Mediterranean spotted fever is an acute infectious were not included in the trial; neither were those disease caused by Rickettsia conorii. During the -
Stimulatory Action of Telmisartan, an Antagonist of Angiotensin II Receptor, on Voltage-Gated Na+ Current: Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Chinese Journal of Physiology 61(1): 1-13, 2018 1 DOI: 10.4077/CJP.2018.BAG516 Stimulatory Action of Telmisartan, an Antagonist of Angiotensin II Receptor, on Voltage-Gated Na+ Current: Experimental and Theoretical Studies Tzu-Tung Chang, Chia-Jung Yang, Yu-Chi Lee, and Sheng-Nan Wu Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China Abstract Telmisartan (Tel) is recognized as a non-peptide blocker of AT1R. Whether this agent has any direct effects on ion currents remains unexplored. In whole-cell current recordings, addition of Tel + increased the peak amplitude of voltage-gated Na (NaV) current (INa) accompanied by the increased time constant of INa inactivation in differentiated NSC-34 motor neuron-like cells. Tel-stimulated INa in these cells is unlinked to either blockade of AT1R or activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ). In order to explore how this compound affects the amplitude and kinetics of INa in neurons, a Hodgkin-Huxley-based (HH-based) model designed to mimic effect of Tel on the functional activities of neurons was computationally created in this study. In this framework, the parameter for h inactivation gating variable, which was changed in a stepwise fashion, was implemented + + to predict changes in membrane potentials (V) as a function of maximal Na (GNa), K conductance (GK), or both. As inactivation time course of INa was increased, the bifurcation point of V versus GNa became lower, and the range between subcritical and supercritical values at the bifurcation of V versus GK correspondingly became larger. -
Prescription Drug List
Your 2017 Prescription Drug List Effective January 1, 2017 Oxford Connecticut Traditional Three-Tier Please read: This document contains information about commonly prescribed medications. This Prescription Drug List (PDL) is accurate as of August 1, 2016 and is subject to change after this date. The next anticipated update will be in January 2017. Your estimated coverage and copay/co-insurance may vary based on the benefit plan you choose and the effective date of the plan. For more information: Call us at the toll-free phone number on your health plan ID card. TTY users can dial 711. Si usted necesita ayuda en español llame al número de teléfono en su tarjeta de identificación, 1- 800-303-6719, 1-888-201-4746. Visit oxfordhealth.com, click on the Pharmacies & Prescriptions tab and then “Online Pharmacy” to log in to the OptumRx1 website and: • Locate a participating retail pharmacy by ZIP code. • Look up possible lower-cost medication alternatives. • Compare medication pricing and options. 1OptumRx is the administrator of your Oxford pharmacy benefit plan. Note: Diabetic supplies and prescription medications may be subject to different cost-share arrangements. Specialized non-standard infant formulas and nutritional supplements may be subject to prior authorization. Please see your Summary of Benefits and Coverage (SBC) for specifics. 1 Your Prescription Drug List This Prescription Drug List (PDL) outlines covered medications and organizes them into cost levels, also known as tiers. An important part of the PDL is giving you choices so you and your doctor can choose the best course of treatment for you. Go to oxfordhealth.com for drug information. -
PROVERA Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Tablets 2.5Mg, 5Mg, 10Mg, 100 Mg, 200 Mg Tablets
PROVERA Medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg, 100 mg, 200 mg tablets What is in this leaflet establish a regular menstrual breast cancer or breast lumps cycle not diagnosed by your doctor This leaflet answers some common bleeding or discharge from questions about PROVERA. It does certain types of cancer including your nipples not contain all the available cancer of the breast, kidney and information. It does not take the endometrium (the lining of the miscarriage place of talking to your doctor or womb). pharmacist. cancer of the womb or ovary PROVERA, in combination with an uncontrolled high blood estrogen containing medicine, is All medicines have risks and pressure. benefits. Your doctor has weighed used to relieve symptoms of the risks of you taking PROVERA menopause in women with an intact Do not take PROVERA if you are against the benefits it is expected to uterus. This is called hormone pregnant or intend to become have for you. replacement therapy (HRT). pregnant. PROVERA is used to protect the If you have any concerns about lining of the uterus while the PROVERA may affect your taking this medicine, ask your estrogens relieve the symptoms of developing baby if you take it doctor or pharmacist. Keep this menopause. PROVERA is not during pregnancy. leaflet with your medicine. suitable as a HRT treatment in women who have undergone a Do not take PROVERA if the You may need to read it again. hysterectomy. packaging is torn or shows signs of tampering. Do not take Your doctor may have prescribed PROVERA after the expiry date What PROVERA is PROVERA for another purpose. -
Liquid Spray Formulations for Buccal Delivery of Cannabinoids
(19) TZZ_¥__T (11) EP 1 361 864 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A61K 9/08 (2006.01) A61K 9/107 (2006.01) 04.12.2013 Bulletin 2013/49 A61K 36/185 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 02712063.3 (86) International application number: PCT/GB2002/000620 (22) Date of filing: 14.02.2002 (87) International publication number: WO 2002/064109 (22.08.2002 Gazette 2002/34) (54) LIQUID SPRAY FORMULATIONS FOR BUCCAL DELIVERY OF CANNABINOIDS FLÜSSIGE SPRAY FORMULIERUNGEN ZUR BUCCALEN VERABREICHUNG VON CANNABINOIDEN PREPARATIONS DE SPRAY LIQUIDE POUR L’ADMINISTRATION BUCCALE DE CANNABINOIDES (84) Designated Contracting States: (74) Representative: Schiller, Dominic Christopher et AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU al MC NL PT SE TR Harrison Goddard Foote LLP Designated Extension States: 4th Floor, Merchant Exchange RO SI 17-19 Whitworth Street West Manchester M1 5WG (GB) (30) Priority: 14.02.2001 GB 0103638 30.03.2001 US 280044 P (56) References cited: 05.04.2001 US 827158 WO-A-00/25127 WO-A-01/66089 11.05.2001 GB 0111597 WO-A-95/25504 WO-A1-02/32420 07.09.2001 GB 0121715 WO-A1-02/069993 US-A- 3 560 625 12.09.2001 US 951022 • EITAN ALHANATY; ET AL.: "Osmotic fragility of (43) Date of publication of application: liposomes as affected by antihemolytic 19.11.2003 Bulletin 2003/47 compounds" BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA, vol. 339, no. 1, 1974, pages 146-155, (60) Divisional application: XP008008726 10180611.5 / 2 286 793 • PATRICIA S. -
Student Members of the American Chemical Society Poster Presentation Event November 6, 2020 5:30 - 7:00 Pm Stonecipher Lecture Hall
Student Members of the American Chemical Society Poster Presentation Event November 6, 2020 5:30 - 7:00 pm Stonecipher Lecture Hall Author: Brooke Underwood*, Courtney LaPointe, Dr. Jeffrey Boles Contact information: [email protected] Title: Liquid-liquid extraction and ultraviolet visible spectroscopy methods for distinguishing between hemp and marijuana Abstract: In December 2018, cannabis containing less than 0.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), otherwise known as hemp, became legalized due to passage of the Farm Bill (1). This creates problems for law enforcement since current presumptive test kits either 1) don’t work at all or 2) work somewhat in differentiating between legal and illegal hemp crops. This problem exists because most hemp crops and hemp products contain low levels of THC and the carboxylated form, THCA. Our approach involves the advancement of an efficient, mobile, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) that provides presumptive, qualitative forensic evidence of the chemical extract of a bud or other plant material. This research is focused on developing a kit that functions in a similar manner to NIK kits, commonly used by law enforcement, where all components of the kit are contained within a bag. The current NIK kit for Marijuana provides a false positive when Hemp is placed in the bag, thus creating the need for a more reliable test (2). The evidence would later be sent to a crime lab for definitive analysis and quantitation of THC by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis). This research has focused on the utilization of liquid-liquid extraction techniques and commercially available stains. The methods presented are rapid (requiring no more than five to six minutes to complete).