Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in Arctic Ground
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The Main Features of Permafrost in the Laptev Sea Region, Russia – a Review
Permafrost, Phillips, Springman & Arenson (eds) © 2003 Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse, ISBN 90 5809 582 7 The main features of permafrost in the Laptev Sea region, Russia – a review H.-W. Hubberten Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and marine Research, Potsdam, Germany N.N. Romanovskii Geocryological Department, Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia ABSTRACT: In this paper the concepts of permafrost conditions in the Laptev Sea region are presented with spe- cial attention to the following results: It was shown, that ice-bearing and ice-bonded permafrost exists presently within the coastal lowlands and under the shallow shelf. Open taliks can develop from modern and palaeo river taliks in active fault zones and from lake taliks over fault zones or lithospheric blocks with a higher geothermal heat flux. Ice-bearing and ice-bonded permafrost, as well as the zone of gas hydrate stability, form an impermeable regional shield for groundwater and gases occurring under permafrost. Emission of these gases and discharge of ground- water are possible only in rare open taliks, predominantly controlled by fault tectonics. Ice-bearing and ice-bonded permafrost, as well as the zone of gas hydrate stability in the northern region of the lowlands and in the inner shelf zone, have preserved during at least four Pleistocene climatic and glacio-eustatic cycles. Presently, they are subject to degradation from the bottom under the impact of the geothermal heat flux. 1 INTRODUCTION extremely complex. It consists of tectonic structures of different ages, including several rift zones (Tectonic This paper summarises the results of the studies of Map of Kara and Laptev Sea, 1998; Drachev et al., both offshore and terrestrial permafrost in the Laptev 1999). -
Mineral Element Stocks in the Yedoma Domain: a First Assessment in Ice-Rich Permafrost Regions” by Arthur Monhonval Et Al
Interactive comment on “Mineral element stocks in the Yedoma domain: a first assessment in ice-rich permafrost regions” by Arthur Monhonval et al. Anonymous Referee #2 Received and published: 4 January 2021 RC= Reviewer comment ; AR= Authors response RC: I appreciate the efforts from the authors. I understand the authors created a valuable dataset for the mineral elements in the yedoma regions, and they also tried to calculated the storage of these elements. I have some comments for the authors to improve the quality of the manuscripts. We thank the reviewer for the valuable comments and suggestions to improve the manuscript. We have revised the manuscript accordingly. Please find the details in the responses to the following comments. RC1: When the authors introduce the stocks or storage, it is necessary to clarify the depth or thickness of yedoma. At least, the authors should explain the characteristics of yedoma. This is important because the potential readers will be confused about the depth and height in the dataset. AR : We agree that the choice of the thickness used to upscale to the whole Yedoma domain was not clear in the manuscript. Here, mineral element stocks are compared with C stocks using identical Yedoma domain deposits parameters (including thicknesses) like in Strauss et al., 2013 for deep permafrost carbon pool of the Yedoma region, i.e., a mean thickness of 19.6 meters deep in Yedoma deposits and 5.5 meters deep in Alas deposits. We have revised the manuscript to include that information (L 282):” Thickness used for mineral element stock estimations in Yedoma domain deposits are based on mean profile depths of the sampled Yedoma (n=19) and Alas (n=10) deposits (Table 3; Strauss et al., 2013). -
Permafrost Soils and Carbon Cycling
SOIL, 1, 147–171, 2015 www.soil-journal.net/1/147/2015/ doi:10.5194/soil-1-147-2015 SOIL © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Permafrost soils and carbon cycling C. L. Ping1, J. D. Jastrow2, M. T. Jorgenson3, G. J. Michaelson1, and Y. L. Shur4 1Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Palmer Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1509 South Georgeson Road, Palmer, AK 99645, USA 2Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA 3Alaska Ecoscience, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA 4Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA Correspondence to: C. L. Ping ([email protected]) Received: 4 October 2014 – Published in SOIL Discuss.: 30 October 2014 Revised: – – Accepted: 24 December 2014 – Published: 5 February 2015 Abstract. Knowledge of soils in the permafrost region has advanced immensely in recent decades, despite the remoteness and inaccessibility of most of the region and the sampling limitations posed by the severe environ- ment. These efforts significantly increased estimates of the amount of organic carbon stored in permafrost-region soils and improved understanding of how pedogenic processes unique to permafrost environments built enor- mous organic carbon stocks during the Quaternary. This knowledge has also called attention to the importance of permafrost-affected soils to the global carbon cycle and the potential vulnerability of the region’s soil or- ganic carbon (SOC) stocks to changing climatic conditions. In this review, we briefly introduce the permafrost characteristics, ice structures, and cryopedogenic processes that shape the development of permafrost-affected soils, and discuss their effects on soil structures and on organic matter distributions within the soil profile. -
Organic Carbon Characteristics in Ice-Rich Permafrost in Alas and Yedoma Deposits, Central Yakutia, Siberia” by Torben Windirsch Et Al
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2019-470-RC1, 2020 © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Interactive comment on “Organic Carbon Characteristics in Ice-rich Permafrost in Alas and Yedoma Deposits, Central Yakutia, Siberia” by Torben Windirsch et al. Anonymous Referee #1 Received and published: 27 January 2020 The paper “Organic Carbon Characteristics in Ice-rich Permafrost in Alas and Yedoma Deposits, Central Yakutia, Siberia” by Windirsch et al. reports detailed analyses on carbon and ice contents, stable water isotopes, soil grain size distribution, and age estimates for two long ground profiles in the Central Yakutia, Russia. The presented materials are rare and highly valuable to understand landscape development and con- tents in the permafrost of the Eastern Siberia. Although I expect this paper to be finally published in Biogeosciece, the authors have not fully utilized, described, and discussed the data presented. The importance of this paper is the rareness of the sample core. I encourage the authors to enrich their descriptions about each core unit as a valuable drilling log of a permafrost region. Some portions in Discussion are C1 not logically constructed. For the main datasets of stable water isotopes and carbon parameters, a more in-depth and quantitative discussion is anticipated. Although the authors want to focus on the organic carbon characteristics as indicated in the title, more comprehensive discussion and interpretation must be done using available water geochemistry, cryostratigraphy, grain size distribution, magnetic susceptibility, etc. The usage of references or previous studies is poor and is often not clear or inappropriate. -
How Vulnerable Is Alaska's Transportation to Climate Change?
00_TRN_284_TRN_284 3/7/13 3:00 PM Page 23 How Vulnerable Is Alaska’s Transportation to Climate Change? Managing an Infrastructure Built on Permafrost BILLY CONNOR AND JAMES HARPER limate change is affecting transportation sys- tems across the country, and scientists and pol- Cicymakers are working to clarify the trends. Alaska’s transportation community, however, has di- rect experience to verify the impacts of climate change. Geography and extreme climate have made the state a kind of climate-change classroom for the rest of the nation in predicting the effects on trans- portation infrastructure. The wear and tear of climate change on Alaska’s transportation systems is evident. The state has more than 6,600 miles of coastline, and approximately 80 percent of the land mass has an underlayer of ice-rich permafrost. Alaska has 17 of the nation’s 20 largest mountain ranges and experiences extremes in pre- cipitation, snowfall, and temperature swings that are unique to the arctic and northern latitudes. With warming permafrost, coastal erosion, and increasingly dramatic storms and flood events, Alaska’s highways, runways, and other infrastruc- ture are frequently icing, cracking, and washing away. Although these adversities challenge all of the state’s major transportation systems—maritime, avi- ation, and surface—the most acute and costly dam- age occurs within the road system. Climate change in Alaska is forcing engineers and planners to adapt both to warming and to cooling trends. Engineers and planners are addressing knowledge gaps in thermal and hydrological dynam- ENTER C ics and are translating the findings into new and more robust designs. -
Characteristics of Ice-Rich Permafrost Soils and Their Effect on Thermokarst Expansion Rates in Interior Alaskan Peatlands
Characteristics of ice-rich permafrost soils and their effect on thermokarst expansion rates in interior Alaskan peatlands by Natalie Jeanne W. Zwanenburg A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Integrative Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Natalie J. W. Zwanenburg, April, 2018 ABSTRACT Characteristics of ice-rich permafrost soils and their effect on thermokarst expansion rates in Interior Alaskan peatlands Natalie J. W. Zwanenburg Advisor: University of Guelph, 2018 Dr. Merritt R. Turetsky This thesis addresses two uncertainties concerning permafrost thaw in peatlands by quantifying: (i) how soil characteristics and collapse-scar feature morphology interact to influence lateral expansion rates of thermokarst features; and (ii) the consequences of thermokarst expansion rates on terrestrial carbon storage. I collected peat cores within and adjacent to collapse-scar features to develop a chronosequence of time-following-thaw. I explored feature morphology and soil characteristics using grain size analysis. Radiocarbon dating of the organic and mineral soils from each peat core was used to quantify lateral expansion and peat accumulation rates. Grain size was uniform across the study region, suggesting other physical characteristics (such as ice content and organic matter) influence thaw rate of collapse-scar features. Permafrost carbon stocks rapidly decrease post-thaw, while new surface peat carbon gradually accumulates. My findings suggest anywhere from 250-700 years of surface peat accumulation is required to compensate for deep permafrost carbon losses. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Merritt Turetsky, without your continual support this thesis would not have been possible. -
A Song of Ice and Mud Interactions of Microbes with Roots, Fauna and Carbon in Warming Permafrost-Affected Soils
A song of ice and mud Interactions of microbes with roots, fauna and carbon in warming permafrost-affected soils Sylvain Monteux Akademisk avhandling som med vederbörligt tillstånd av Rektor vid Umeå universitet för avläggande av filosofie doktorsexamen framläggs till offentligt försvar i N430 salen, Naturvetarhuset September 28, kl. 10:15. Avhandlingen kommer att försvaras på engelska. Fakultetsopponent: Prof. Dr., Joshua Schimel, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara,USA. Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Organization Document type Date of publication Umeå University Doctoral thesis 07 September 2018 Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Author Sylvain Monteux Title A song of ice and mud: interactions of microbes with roots, fauna and carbon in warming permafrost-affected soils Abstract Permafrost-affected soils store a large quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) – ca. half of worldwide soil carbon – and currently undergo rapid and severe warming due to climate change. Increased SOM decomposition by microorganisms and soil fauna due to climate change, poses the risk of a positive climate feedback through the release of greenhouse gases. Direct effects of climate change on SOM decomposition, through such mechanisms as deepening of the seasonally-thawing active layer and increasing soil temperatures, have gathered considerable scientific attention in the last two decades. Yet, indirect effects mediated by changes in plant, microbial, and fauna communities, remain poorly understood. Microbial communities, -
Deposition As Cold-Climate Loess, Duvanny Yar, Northeast Siberia
This is a repository copy of Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation of Yedoma Silt (Ice Complex) Deposition as Cold-Climate Loess, Duvanny Yar, Northeast Siberia. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/99922/ Version: Submitted Version Article: Murton, J.B., Goslar, T., Edwards, M.E. et al. (15 more authors) (2015) Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation of Yedoma Silt (Ice Complex) Deposition as Cold-Climate Loess, Duvanny Yar, Northeast Siberia. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 26 (3). pp. 208-288. ISSN 1045-6740 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1843 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 1 Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of yedoma silt (Ice Complex) deposition as cold-climate loess, 2 Duvanny Yar, northeast Siberia 3 Julian B. -
Soil Moisture Acknowledgements • Upwellings of Soil Due 0.7
Effects of Disturbances on Vegetation Composition and Permafrost Thaw in Boreal Forests and Tundra Ecosystems of the Siberian Arctic Erika Ramos1, Heather D. Alexander1, and Susan Natali2 1University of Texas - Brownsville, 2Woods Hole Research Center Background Study Sites Vegetation Cover Conclusion • Climate-driven changes to Bare Ground Evergreen Deciduous Moss/Lichen Grass Other Arctic Ocean the thermal regime of permafrost soils have the Disturbed Cherskii Tundra potential to create surface Tundra disturbances that influence Undisturbed Russia Alaska Tundra vegetation dynamics and underlying soil properties. Disturbed Forest Boreal Forest Boreal • These changes are Undisturbed Forest Boreal particularly important • These results highlight important in yedoma, ice-rich • The sites were located near the Northeast 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% linkages between disturbances, permafrost which is Science Station (NESS) in Cherskii, Russia. • Both thermokarst and frost boils resulted in decreased vegetation cover vegetation communities, and common across large areas and greater exposure of mineral soils. permafrost soils, and contribute to of the Siberian Arctic. Arctic Ocean • Disturbed locations showed a significant decrease in shrub cover and an our understanding of how changes in increase in bare ground. Arctic vegetation dynamics as direct • Vegetation and the accumulation of soil organic and/or indirect consequences of matter drive ecosystem carbon (C) dynamics and climate change have the potential to contribute to -
Permafrost - Physical Aspects, Carbon Cycling, Databases and Uncertainties
Permafrost - physical aspects, carbon cycling, databases and uncertainties Julia Boike1, Moritz Langer1, Hugues Lantuit1, Sina Muster1, Kurt Roth2, Torsten Sachs3, Paul Overduin1, Sebastian Westermann4, A. David McGuire5 1 Alfred Wegener Institute Potsdam, Telegrafenberg A6, 14473 Potsdam, Germany, [email protected] 2 Institute of Environmental Physics, INF 229, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, [email protected] 3 Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Telegrafenberg, B 320, 14473 Potsdam, Germany, [email protected] 4 Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, [email protected] 5 U.S. Geological Survey, Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA, [email protected] Permafrost - physical aspects, carbon cycling, databases and uncertainties ..................................................................................... 1 1 Permafrost: a phenomenon of global significance .............. 2 2 Permafrost: definition, distribution and history .................. 4 3 Physical factors affecting the permafrost thermal regime ... 5 3.1 Permafrost temperatures ................................................. 5 3.2 Active layer dynamics .................................................... 6 3.3 Land cover ...................................................................... 8 3.4 Surface energy balance ................................................. 10 4 Carbon -
The Yedoma Suite of the Northeastern Siberian Shelf Region: Characteristics and Concept of Formation
The Yedoma Suite of the Northeastern Siberian Shelf Region: Characteristics and Concept of Formation /XW]6FKLUUPHLVWHU+DQQR0H\HU6HEDVWLDQ:HWWHULFK&KULVWLQH6LHJHUW Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany 9LNWRU9.XQLWVN\ Permafrost Institute RAS-SB Yakutsk, 677010 Yakutsk, ul. Mersoltnaya, Russia Guido Grosse University of Alaska Fairbanks, Geophysical Institute, 903 Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA 7DW\DQD9.X]QHWVRYD$OH[DQGHU<X'HUHY\DJLQ Moscow State University, Geological Faculty, 11991 Moscow, Russia Abstract 7KH<HGRPD6XLWHLVZHOOH[SRVHGDORQJFRDVWVDQGULYHUEDQNVLQWKHQRUWKHDVWHUQ6LEHULDQ$UFWLF7KHFU\RWH[WXUH RIWKHVHPRVWO\LFHVXSHUVDWXUDWHGGHSRVLWVLVVLPLODUDWPRVWVLWHV²LFHEDQGVDQGUHWLFXODWHGLFHOHQVHV7KH<HGRPD 6XLWHLVFRQVLGHUHGDVHTXHQFHRIEXULHGFU\RVROVIRUPHGXQGHUSUHGRPLQDQWO\VXEDHULDOFRQGLWLRQV,WUHSUHVHQWV DQ LPSRUWDQW WHUUHVWULDOFDUERQ UHVHUYRLU 72& ±ZW 7KH PXOWLPRGDOJUDLQ VL]H GLVWULEXWLRQGRHV QRW UHÀHFW SULPDULO\DHROLDQDFFXPXODWLRQEXWUDWKHUDPL[WXUHRIYDULRXVSHULJODFLDOWUDQVSRUWDQGDFFXPXODWLRQSURFHVVHVEDVHG RQWKHFRQFHSWRIQLYDOOLWKRJHQHVLV7KH<HGRPD6XLWHDJHOLHVLQWKH0,6DQG0,6SHULRGVDQGLQUDUHFDVHV DOUHDG\VWDUWVGXULQJ0,67KHSDODHRHFRORJ\RIWKH<HGRPD6XLWHFDQEHVXPPDUL]HGLQWKHWHUP³7XQGUD6WHSSH´ FRPELQLQJERWKWXQGUDDQGVWHSSHHQYLURQPHQWDOIHDWXUHV7KHSUHVHQWRFFXUUHQFHRIWKH<HGRPD6XLWHUHPDLQVLV FORVHO\UHODWHGWRORZPRXQWDLQULGJHVVXUURXQGLQJWKHQRUWKHUQDQGQRUWKHDVWHUQ6LEHULDQVKHOYHV7KHFRQFHSWRI QLYDOOLWKRJHQHVLVLVSUHVHQWHGH[SODLQLQJWKHRULJLQRIVRXUFHPDWHULDODQGWUDQVSRUWPHGLXP Keywords: cryolithology; -
Application Summary
International Permafrost Association Action Group: The Yedoma Region: A Synthesis of Circum-Arctic Distribution and Thickness Date: FeBruary 1, 2015 – January 31, 2017 Action Group Contact: o Jens Strauss; [email protected]; +49(0) 331 288 2173 Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Research Unit Potsdam, TelegrafenBerg A43, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Objectives and scope of the Action Group: Background: Vast portions of Arctic SiBeria, Alaska and the Yukon Territory are covered By ice-rich silts that are penetrated By large ice wedges, resulting from syngenetic sedimentation and freezing. Accompanied By wedge-ice growth, the sedimentation process was driven By cold continental climatic and environmental conditions in unglaciated regions during the late Pleistocene (Schirrmeister et al. 2013) inducing the accumulation of the unique Yedoma deposits up to 50 m thick. because of fast incorporation of organic material into permafrost during sedimentation, Yedoma deposits include low-degraded organic matter. Moreover, ice-rich permafrost deposits like Yedoma are especially prone to degradation triggered By climate changes or human activity. When Yedoma deposits degrade, large amounts of sequestered carBon as well as other nutrients are released to the geosystem, which is of gloBal significance for the climate system. Objectives: The proposed Action Group is a continuation of the successful session “Yedoma origin, records and future projections in a changing Arctic”, which took place at the 4th European Conference on Permafrost. Following the IPA constitution, we encourage early career EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE INTERNATIONAL SECRETARIAT President: Dr. Karina Schollaen Prof. Antoni G. Lewkowicz Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre Vice-Presidents: for Polar and Marine Research Prof.