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Mymicinae: Attini) RESUMOXVIII Simpósio EXPANDIDO de Mirmecologia 049 433A QUEM SÃO AS CYPHOMYRMEX MAYR? (MYMICINAE: ATTINI) Who are Cyphomyrmex mayr? (Mymicinae: Attini) C.E.D. Sanhudo, A.J. Mayhé-Nunes & C.R.F. Brandão 1Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, CPEN, CP 678, CEP 69011-970, Manaus, AM, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] O gênero Cyphomyrmex foi proposto por MAYR, em sempre presente. A maior parte está concentrada no meados do século 19, quando descreveu C. rimousus sul da América do Sul, entre as latitudes 20° e 30° S, minutus, que foi posteriormente elevada à espécie. mas C. biggibosus e C. faunulus ocorrem em localidades Após uma longa história taxonômica, com a descri- mais ao norte da América do Sul. Apesar da notável ção de vários táxons e revisões, atualmente reúne 37 expansão lateral dos lobos frontais de rimosus em C. espécies divididas em dois grupos: rimosus e strigatus longiscapus e C. muelleri, eles são tão aproximados (KEMPF, 1964; 1965; 1972, SMITH, 1979; BRANDÃO, 1991; quanto nas espécies do grupo strigatus. Por outro SNELLING & LONGINO, 1992, MACKAY & BAENA, 1993; lado, duas espécies de strigatus, C. bruchi e C. lectus, SCHULTZ et al., 2002). A definição do gênero é difícil, têm lobos mais expandidos que outros componentes pois os grupos apresentam diferenças morfológicas do grupo. Em strigatus, todas as espécies têm arestas notáveis, com poucas espécies de ambos comparti- pré-oculares retas, mas estas arestas também são retas lhando algumas características. em C. longiscapus e C. muelleri, porém elas se tornam O grupo rimosus tem 23 espécies: C. bicarinatus, C. pouco evidentes acima dos olhos e, mesmo não se bicornis, C. castagnei, C. cornutus,C. costatus, C. dixus, C. juntando com as arestas frontais, quase alcançam a flavidus, C. foxi, C. hamulatus, C. kirbyi, C. laevigatus, C. base das projeções auriculiformes que são muito se- longiscapus, C. major, C. minutus, C. muelleri, C. nesiotus, melhantes às de strigatus. C. peltatus, C. podargus, C. rimosus, C. salvini, C. Tais projeções em rimosus são mais raras, mas transversus, C. vorticis e C. wheeleri. Suas fêmeas (ope- quando conspicuamente presentes, como em C. bicornis rárias e gines) apresentam lobos frontais bem expan- e C. laevigatus, são formadas pelas arestas frontais que didos lateralmente; carenas pré-oculares curvadas se curvam na região postero-lateral da cabeça, em medianamente acima dos olhos, que não se juntam direção às órbitas posteriores dos olhos. O que parece com as carenas frontais na região postero-lateral da constante nos dois grupos são os números de dentes cabeça, mas estas podem ou não formar projeções mandibulares e os tipos de projeções pronotais medi- auriculiformes; mandíbulas com cinco dentes e; um anas. Entretanto, estes caracteres sozinhos não ser- par de projeções pronotais medianas, ausentes em vem para definir Cyphomyrmex porque são comparti- algumas espécies. Estas espécies ocorrem entre o lhados com outros gêneros de Attini. As relações norte da América do Sul e América Central, com os filogenéticas internas de Attini não estão bem seguintes representantes na região Neártica: C. estabelecidas devido à ausência de resolução flavidus, C. minutus, C. rimosus, C. wheeleri. taxonômica de alguns grupos de espécies e falta de As 14 espécies do grupo strigatus são: C. auritus, definição dos limites genéricos desses grupos (MAYHÉ- C. biggibosus, C. bruchi, C. daguerrei, C. faunulus, C. NUNES & MENEGUETE, 2000). lectus, C. lilloanus, C. nemei, C. ocultus, C. olitor, C. O conhecimento histórico evolutivo das espéci- paniscus, C. plaumanni, C. strigatus e C. vallensis. As es pode ser evidenciado através da filogenia uma fêmeas deste grupo têm lobos frontais mais aproxima- vez que, grupos monofiléticos refletem a relação dos; carenas pré-oculares retas, que alcançam à re- natural entre as entidades biológicas (AMORIM , gião postero-lateral da cabeça e se juntam com as 2002). Desta forma, a análise de grupos não carenas frontais, geralmente formando projeções monofiléticos resultam em conclusões incorretas auriculiformes na região postero-lateral da cabeça, às sobre a hierarquia histórica entre as áreas e, conse- vezes muito proeminentes; mandíbulas com sete ou qüentemente, na delimitação incorreta da distri- mais dentes e; uma única projeção pronotal mediana buição das espécies. Não é possível saber se um 2Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. 3Universidade de São Paulo, Museu de Zoologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Biológico, São Paulo, v.69, suplemento 2, p.433-434, 2007 434 XVIII Simpósio de Mirmecologia grupo é uma entidade histórica sem perspectiva das espécies nominais a fim de uniformizá-las para, filogenética. Nosso objetivo, portanto, é fazer a re- posteriormente, fazer uma análise cladística que visão taxonômica do gênero, descrevendo eventu- nos permita responder a questão: afinal, quem são ais táxons novos e complementando as descrições as Cyphomyrmex? Fig. 1 - Padrão geral de distribuição de Cyphomyrmex grupo strigatus (²%) e rimosus (¡%) utilizando a localidade-tipo de cada espécie. Grupo rimosus com ampla distribuição na região Neotropical e com alguns representantes na região Neártica. Grupo strigatus com maior representatividade de espécies na região sul da América do sul. REFERÊNCIAS MAYHÉ-NUNES, A.J. & MENEGUETE, P.S. Definição de termos para as projeções mesossomais das operárias de Mycocepurus AMORIM, D.S. Básicos de Elementos Sistemática Filogenética. Forel, 1893 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Contribuições 2ed. Ribeirão Preto: Holos Editora, 1997. 276p Avulsas sobre a História Natural Brasileira. Seropédica. Rio BRANDÃO, C.R.F. Adendos ao catálogo abreviado das for- de Janeiro. v.27, p.1-7, 2000. (Series de Zoologia). migas da região neotropical (Hymenoptera: SCHULTZ, T.R.; SOLOMON, S.A.; MUELLER, U.G.; BOOMSMA, J.J.; Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, v.35, ADAMS, R.M.M.; NORDEN, B. Cryptic speciation in the p.319-412, 1991. fungus-growing ants Chyphomyrmex muelleri Schultz KEMPF, W.W. A revision of the Neotropical fungus-growing and Solomon, new species (Formicidae, Attini). ants of the genus Cyphomyrmex MAYR. Part I: Group of Insectes Sociaux, v.49, p.331-343, 2002. strigatus Mayr. Studia Entomologica, v.7, p.1– 44, 1964. SMITH, D.R. Superfamily Formicoidea. Family Formicidae. KEMPF, W.W. A revision of the Neotropical fungus-growing In: KROMBEIN, K.V.; HURD, P.D.; SMITH, D.R.; BURK, B.D. ants of the genus Cyphomyrmex MAYR. Part II: Group Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. of rimosus Mayr. Studia Entomologica, v. 8, p.161-200, Apocrita (Aculeata). Washington, Smithsonian 1965. Institute Press, 1979. p.132-1467. KEMPF, W. W. Catálogo abreviado das formigas da região SNELLING, R.R. & LONGINO, J.T. Revisionary notes on the Neotropical, Studia Entomologica, Petrópolis, v.15, p.3- Fungus-growing ants of the genus Cyphomyrmex, 344, 1972. rimosus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Attini). MACKAY, W.P. & BAENA, M.L. A new “horned” fungus In: QUINTERO, D. & AIELLO, A. Insects of Parama and growing ant, Cyphomyrmex castagnei, from Colombia. Mesoamerica: selected studies. Oxford, Oxford Sociobiology, v.23, p.31-37, 1993. University Press, 1992. p.479-494. Biológico, São Paulo, v.69, suplemento 2, p.433-434, 2007.
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