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1. Definice Sítě FTTH VYSOKÉ UýENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNċ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA ELEKTROTECHNIKY A KOMUNIKAýNÍCH TECHNOLOGIÍ ÚSTAV TELEKOMUNIKACÍ FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS NÁVRH SÍTċ FTTH DESING OF FTTH NETWORK BAKALÁěSKÁ PRÁCE BACHELOR´S THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE RADIM ŠIFTA AUTHOR VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE doc. Ing. MILOSLAV FILKA, CSc. SUPERVISOR BRNO 2009 ABSTRAKT: Cílem této práce je pĜiblížit þtenáĜi problematiku návrhĤ optických pĜístupových sítí FTTH. Práce je rozdČlena na nČkolik základních þástí. V úvodu práce je nastínČno srovnání s ostatními optickými pĜístupovými sítČmi. V další kapitole jsou diskutována základní známá Ĝešení, používané architektury, topologie a jejich srovnání. Následující kapitola se vČnuje pasivním prvkĤm distribuþní sítČ, jejich rozdČlení a použití. Další kapitola je zamČĜena na techniky instalace distribuþní infrastruktury, zejména pak na technologii mikrotrubiþkování. PĜedposlední kapitola je zamČĜena na distribuci video služeb. ZávČreþná þást práce je tvoĜena tĜemi navrhovanými modely rĤzných architektur pro fiktivní obec „SvČtlokosy“. Je provedena analýza jednotlivých variant z hlediska technologického i ekonomického. SouþasnČ jsou porovnány investiþní náklady navrhovaných modelĤ a jejich celkové porovnání a zhodnocení. ABSTRACT: The aim of this thesis is to bring reader the issue of FTTH optical access network design. The thesis is divided into several basic parts. At the beginning of the thesis is outlined comparison with other optical access networks. In the next chapter are discussed the basic solutions, used architectures, topologies, and their comparison. The following chapter deals with the passive elements of the distribution network, their division and using. Next chapter is focused on installation technologies of distribution infrastructure, especially on microducting technology. Penultimate chapter is focused on the video services distributioning. The final part of the thesis consists of three designed models of the different architecture for the fictional village of "SvČtlokosy". There is an analysis of the individual variations in technological and economic terms. Simultaneously, investment costs of the proposed models are compared and their overall comparison and evaluation. Klíþová slova: Optická pĜístupová síĢ FTTH, šíĜka pĜenosového pásma, optické vlákno, aktivní optická síĢ, pasivní optická síĢ, distribuþní infrastruktura. Keywords: Optical access network FTTH, transmission bandwidth, optical fiber, active optical network, passive optical network, distribution infrastructure. Bibliografická citace práce ŠIFTA, R. Návrh sítČ FTTH. Brno: Vysoké uþení technické v BrnČ, Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikaþních technologií, 2009. 59 s. Vedoucí bakaláĜské práce doc. Ing. Miloslav Filka, CSc. Prohlášení autora o pĤvodnosti práce Prohlašuji, že svou bakaláĜskou práci na téma „Návrh sítČ FTTH“ jsem vypracoval samostatnČ pod vedením vedoucího diplomové práce s použitím odborné literatury a dalších informaþních zdrojĤ, které jsou všechny uvedeny v seznamu literatury na konci práce. Jako autor uvedené bakaláĜské práce dále prohlašuji, že v souvislosti s vytvoĜením této diplomové práce jsem neporušil autorská práva tĜetích osob, zejména jsem nezasáhl nedovoleným zpĤsobem do cizích autorských práv osobnostních a jsem si plnČ vČdom následkĤ porušení ustanovení § 11 a následujících autorského zákona þ. 121/2000 Sb., vþetnČ možných trestnČprávních dĤsledkĤ vyplývajících z ustanovení § 152 trestního zákona þ. 140/1961 Sb. V BrnČ dne......................... .................................. podpis autora PodČkování 'Čkuji vedoucímu bakaláĜské práce doc. Ing. Miloslavu Filkovi CSc., za užiteþnou metodickou pomoc a cenné rady pĜi zpracování bakaláĜské práce. Zvláštní podČkování patĜí Ing. Miroslavu Hladkému ze spoleþnosti PROFiber Networking s.r.o. a Ing. Pavlu Dubskému ze spoleþnosti OFA s.r.o. za poskytnutí zázemí a odborných informací potĜebných pro zpracování bakaláĜské práce. V BrnČ dne......................... .................................. podpis autora Obsah Úvod..............................................................................................9 1. Definice sítČ FTTH………...…….…..………………………….. 10 1.1 Srovnání s ostatními sítČmi FTTx...................................................... 10 1.2 Model sítČ FTTH..................................................................................12 2. Základní konfigurace.............................................................. 13 2.1 Základní funkþní celky tvoĜící pĜístupovou síĢ................................ 13 2.2 Aktivní optická síĢ (AON)...................................................................14 2.3 Pasivní optická síĢ (PON).................................................................... 15 3. Pasivní prvky.......................................................................... 16 3.1 Splittery a jejich útlum........................................................................16 3.2 Optická vlákna..................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 Jednovidová vlákna.................................................................17 3.2.2 Mnohavidová vlákna...............................................................19 3.2.3 Mnohavidová vlákna s gradientní zmČnou indexu lomu........ 19 3.3 Optické kabely, svazky vláken, multiducty, mikrotrubiþky............20 3.3.1 Optické kabely........................................................................ 20 3.3.2 Svazky vláken......................................................................... 21 3.3.3 Mikrotrubiþky, multiducty, zesílené mikrotrubiþky.................... pro pĜímou instalaci......................................................................... 21 3.4 Ostatní prvky distribuþní sítČ............................................................. 22 3.4.1 Optické spoje a svary.............................................................. 23 3.4.2 Optické konektory................................................................... 24 4. Instalace distribuþní infrastruktury.......................................... 26 4.1 Technická úskalí výstavby.................................................................. 26 4.2 Útlum.....................................................................................................27 4.3 Mikrotrubiþkování...............................................................................28 4.3.1 Mikrotrubiþkování s optickými mikrokabely......................... 28 4.3.2 Mikrotrubiþkování se svazky optických vláken..................... 29 4.3.3 Mikrotrubiþkování s pokládkou speciálních optických............... mikrokabelĤ do drážek.....................................................................29 5. Triple play (trojitá hra)............................................................. 30 5.1 Distribuce video signálu...................................................................... 30 6. PĜípadová studie – Návrh sítČ FTTH pro obec „SvČtlokosy“.. 33 6.1 Topologie P2P IPTV............................................................................ 36 6.1.1 Pasivní infrastruktura.............................................................. 37 6.1.2 Distribuþní centrum – centrální místnost (CO).......................40 6.1.3 Koncový úþastnící...................................................................41 6.1.4 Celková bilance finanþních nákladĤ....................................... 42 6.2 Topologie P2P CATV.......................................................................... 43 6.2.1 Pasivní infrastruktura.............................................................. 43 6.2.2 Distribuþní centrum – centrální místnost (CO).......................45 6.2.3 Koncový úþastnící...................................................................46 6.2.4 Celková bilance finanþních nákladĤ....................................... 47 6.3 Topologie P2MP CATV.......................................................................47 6.3.1 Pasivní infrastruktura.............................................................. 48 6.3.2 Distribuþní centrum – centrální místnost (CO).......................50 6.3.3 Koncový úþastnící...................................................................51 6.3.4 Celková bilance finanþních nákladĤ....................................... 51 6.4 ZávČreþné porovnání a zhodnocení navrhovaných modelĤ.............52 7. ZávČr...................................................................................... 54 Seznam použitých zdrojĤ........................................................... 55 Seznam použitých zkratek.......................................................... 57 Seznam obrázkĤ Obr. 1.1: Typy optických pĜístupových sítí………....…................................. 11 Obr. 1.2: Vrstvový model FTTH………......…………………………....…... 12 Obr. 2.1: Funkþní celky FTTH……………........……………........................ 13 Obr. 2.2: Aktivní optická síĢ………………...……………………................ 14 Obr. 2.3: Pasivní optická síĢ…………………………….……................…... 15 Obr. 3.1: Planární splitter……………...………………….…….................... 16 Obr. 3.2: Fúzní splitter………………………............................................… 16 Obr. 3.3: PrĤĜez optickým vláknem………………........................................ 17 Obr. 3.4: Jednovidové vlákno.......................................................................... 18 Obr. 3.5: Mnohavidové vlákno se skokovou zmČnou indexu lomu................ 19 Obr. 3.6: Mnohavidové vlákno s gradientní zmČnou
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