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A Late Permian Ichthyofauna from the Zechstein Basin, Lithuania-Latvia Region
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/554998; this version posted February 20, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 A late Permian ichthyofauna from the Zechstein Basin, Lithuania-Latvia Region 2 3 Darja Dankina-Beyer1*, Andrej Spiridonov1,4, Ģirts Stinkulis2, Esther Manzanares3, 4 Sigitas Radzevičius1 5 6 1 Department of Geology and Mineralogy, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania 7 2 Chairman of Bedrock Geology, Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences, University 8 of Latvia, Riga, Latvia 9 3 Department of Botany and Geology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain 10 4 Laboratory of Bedrock Geology, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania 11 12 *[email protected] (DD-B) 13 14 Abstract 15 The late Permian is a transformative time, which ended in one of the most 16 significant extinction events in Earth’s history. Fish assemblages are a major 17 component of marine foods webs. The macroevolution and biogeographic patterns of 18 late Permian fish are currently insufficiently known. In this contribution, the late Permian 19 fish fauna from Kūmas quarry (southern Latvia) is described for the first time. As a 20 result, the studied late Permian Latvian assemblage consisted of isolated 21 chondrichthyan teeth of Helodus sp., ?Acrodus sp., ?Omanoselache sp. and 22 euselachian type dermal denticles as well as many osteichthyan scales of the 23 Haplolepidae and Elonichthydae; numerous teeth of Palaeoniscus, rare teeth findings of 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/554998; this version posted February 20, 2019. -
Geological Survey of Ohio
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF OHIO. VOL. I.—PART II. PALÆONTOLOGY. SECTION II. DESCRIPTIONS OF FOSSIL FISHES. BY J. S. NEWBERRY. Digital version copyrighted ©2012 by Don Chesnut. THE CLASSIFICATION AND GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF OUR FOSSIL FISHES. So little is generally known in regard to American fossil fishes, that I have thought the notes which I now give upon some of them would be more interesting and intelligible if those into whose hands they will fall could have a more comprehensive view of this branch of palæontology than they afford. I shall therefore preface the descriptions which follow with a few words on the geological distribution of our Palæozoic fishes, and on the relations which they sustain to fossil forms found in other countries, and to living fishes. This seems the more necessary, as no summary of what is known of our fossil fishes has ever been given, and the literature of the subject is so scattered through scientific journals and the proceedings of learned societies, as to be practically inaccessible to most of those who will be readers of this report. I. THE ZOOLOGICAL RELATIONS OF OUR FOSSIL FISHES. To the common observer, the class of Fishes seems to be well defined and quite distin ct from all the other groups o f vertebrate animals; but the comparative anatomist finds in certain unusual and aberrant forms peculiarities of structure which link the Fishes to the Invertebrates below and Amphibians above, in such a way as to render it difficult, if not impossible, to draw the lines sharply between these great groups. -
A Juvenile Skeleton of the Nectridean Amphibian
Lucas, S.G. and Zeigler, K.E., eds., 2005, The Nonmarine Permian, New Mexico Museum of Natural Histoiy and Science Bulletin No. 30. 39 A JUVENILE SKELETON OF THE NECTRIDEAN AMPHIBIAN DIPLOCAULUS AND ASSOCIATED FLORA AND FAUNA FROM THE MITCHELL CREEK FLATS LOCALITY (UPPER WAGGONER RANCH FORMATION; EARLY PERMIAN), BAYLOR COUNTY, NORTH- CENTRAL TEXAS, USA DAN S. CHANEY, HANS-DIETER SUES AND WILLIAM A. DIMICHELE Department of Paleobiology MRC-121, National Museum of Natural History, PC Box 37012, Washington, D.C. 20013-7021 Abstract—A well-preserved skeleton of a tiny individual of the nectridean amphibian Diplocaulus was found in association with other Early Permian animal remains and a flora in a gray mudstone at a site called Mitchell Creek Flats in Baylor County, north-central Texas. The locality has the sedimentological attributes of a pond deposit. The skeleton of Diplocaulus sp. is noteworthy for its completeness and small size, and appears to represent a juvenile individual. The associated plant material is beautifully preserved and comprises the sphe- nopsids Annularia and Calamites, the conifer IBrachyphyllum, possible cycads represented by one or possibly two forms of Taeniopteris, three gigantopterids - Delnortea, Cathaysiopteris, and Gigantopteridium — and three unidentified callipterids. Several unidentified narrow trunks were found at the base of the deposit, appar- ently washed up against the northern margin of the pond. Other faunal material from the deposit comprises myalinid bivalves, conchostracans, a tooth of a xenacanthid shark, and a palaeonisciform fish. INTRODUCTION Wchita Rver T ^ Coinage i ^ 1 t Complete skeletons of Early Permian vertebrates are rare in north- FwmatJon Grcyp c central Texas, where much collecting has been done for about 150 years c c (Fig. -
New England Zoological Club
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW ENGLAND ZOOLOGICAL CLUB NEW GENERA AND SPECIES OF PELYCOSAURIAN REPTILES BY ALFRED SHERWOOD ROMER IN the course of recent collecting trips by the Museum of Comparative Zoology and a re-study of pre-existing collections, Ii number of new types of Permo-Carboniferous pelycosaurs have come to light. I hope to discuss these reptiles in a general review of the group, which is approaching completion. This $tudy has been aided by a grant from the Penrose Fund of the Geological Society of America, and the present preliminary cliagnoses of the new types are published with the permission or the Society. Eothyris parkeyi gen. et spec. nov. Genoholotype, M.C.Z., 1161, (figured): a skull and jaws, found about one mile west of the former Woodrum ranch-house, $outh of Dundee, Archer County, Texas; horizon Belle Plains P.N.E.Z.C. ROMER--PELYCOSAURS [ pooember30] 90 Vol. XVI 1937 ROMER--PELYCOSA Formation, Wichita Group. A small primitive pelycosaur, the type skull about 65 mm. in length as preserved. The skull Lupeosaurus kayi gen. et sp' is relatively broad and low, and the face short, (although this appearance is increased by distortion and damage in the type); Genoholotype, M.C.Z., 1455, a preS8 the orbit and temporal region are relatively elongated. The and scapulocoracoid, found near the postorbital has a broad posterior expansion above the small Creek, Archer County, Texas; horizOI temporal vacuity. The parietal is very primitive, in extend Formation, Wichita Group. A pelycos ing far back of the pineal. The supra-temporal is relatively sembling Edaphosaurus in caudal verter large. -
Xenacanthus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from North America
Acta Geologica Polonica, Vol. 49 (J 999), No.3, pp. 215-266 406 IU S UNES 0 I Dentitions of Late Palaeozoic Orthacanthus species and new species of ?Xenacanthus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from North America GARY D. JOHNSON Department of Earth Sciences and Physics, University of South Dakota; 414 East Clark Street, Vermillion, SD 57069-2390, USA. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: JOHNSON, G.D. 1999. Dentitions of Late Palaeozoic Orthacanthus species and new species of ?Xenacanthus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from North America. Acta Geologica Polonica, 49 (3),215-266. Warszawa. Orthacanthus lateral teeth have paired, variably divergent, smooth, usually carinated labio-lingually compressed principal cusps separated by a central foramen; one or more intermediate cusps; and an api cal button on the base isolated from the cusps. Several thousand isolated teeth from Texas Artinskian bulk samples are used to define the heterodont dentitions of O. texensis and O. platypternus. The O. tex ensis tooth base has a labio-Iingual width greater than the anteromedial-posterolateral length, the basal tubercle is restricted to the thick labial margin, the principal cusps are serrated to varying degrees, and the posterior cusp is larger. The O. platypternus tooth base is longer than wide, its basal tubercle extends to the center, the labial margin is thin, serrations are absent on the principal cusps, the anterior cusp is larger, and a single intermediate cusp is present. More than two hundred isolated teeth from Nebraska (Gzhelian) and Pennsylvania (Asselian) provide a preliminary description of the heterodont dentition of O. compress us . The principal cusps are similar to O. -
Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous Chondrichthyans from the Fairfield Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia
Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Late Devonian and Early Carboniferous chondrichthyans from the Fairfield Group, Canning Basin, Western Australia Brett Roelofs, Milo Barham, Arthur J. Mory, and Kate Trinajstic ABSTRACT Teeth from 18 shark taxa are described from Upper Devonian to Lower Carbonif- erous strata of the Lennard Shelf, Canning Basin, Western Australia. Spot samples from shoal facies in the upper Famennian Gumhole Formation and shallow water car- bonate platform facies in the Tournaisian Laurel Formation yielded a chondrichthyan fauna including several known species, in particular Thrinacodus ferox, Cladodus thomasi, Protacrodus aequalis and Deihim mansureae. In addition, protacrodont teeth were recovered that resemble formally described, yet unnamed, teeth from Tournaisian deposits in North Gondwanan terranes. The close faunal relationships previously seen for Late Devonian chondrichthyan taxa in the Canning Basin and the margins of north- ern Gondwana are shown here to continue into the Carboniferous. However, a reduc- tion in species overlap for Tournaisian shallow water microvertebrate faunas between the Canning Basin and South China is evident, which supports previous studies docu- menting a separation of faunal and terrestrial plant communities between these regions by this time. The chondrichthyan fauna described herein is dominated by crushing type teeth similar to the shallow water chondrichthyan biofacies established for the Famennian and suggests some of these biofacies also extended into the Early Carboniferous. Brett Roelofs. Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [email protected] Milo Barham. Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987 Perth, WA 6845, Australia. [email protected] Arthur J. -
Geology of the Cross Plains Quadrangle, Brown, Callahan Coleman, and Eastland Counties Texas
Geology of the Cross Plains Quadrangle, Brown, Callahan Coleman, and Eastland Counties Texas GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1096-B Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas Geology of the Cross Plains Quadrangle, Brown, Callahan Coleman, and Eastland Counties Texas By PHILIP T. STAFFORD PENNSYLVANIAN AND LOWER PERMIAN STRATIG RAPHY, BETWEEN THE BRAZOS AND COLORADO RIVERS, NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1096-B Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Economic Geology, The University of Texas UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1960 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRED A. SEATON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.G. CONTENTS Page Abstract___ _____________________________________________________ 39 Introduction._____________________________________________________ 40 Location of area_______________________________________________ 40 Purpose ______________________________________________________ 40 Previous geologic studies. ______________________________________ 40 Acknowledgments _____________________________________________ 41 Methods of study____________________________________________ 42 Mapping and fieldwork___________________________________ 42 Descriptive terminology.__-____________-_____-___-_-_-_-___ 43 Stratigraphy. _____________________________________________________ 44 Pennsylvanian and Permian systems.____________________________ -
Copyrighted Material
06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 15 Phylum Chordata Chordates are placed in the superphylum Deuterostomia. The possible rela- tionships of the chordates and deuterostomes to other metazoans are dis- cussed in Halanych (2004). He restricts the taxon of deuterostomes to the chordates and their proposed immediate sister group, a taxon comprising the hemichordates, echinoderms, and the wormlike Xenoturbella. The phylum Chordata has been used by most recent workers to encompass members of the subphyla Urochordata (tunicates or sea-squirts), Cephalochordata (lancelets), and Craniata (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). The Cephalochordata and Craniata form a mono- phyletic group (e.g., Cameron et al., 2000; Halanych, 2004). Much disagree- ment exists concerning the interrelationships and classification of the Chordata, and the inclusion of the urochordates as sister to the cephalochor- dates and craniates is not as broadly held as the sister-group relationship of cephalochordates and craniates (Halanych, 2004). Many excitingCOPYRIGHTED fossil finds in recent years MATERIAL reveal what the first fishes may have looked like, and these finds push the fossil record of fishes back into the early Cambrian, far further back than previously known. There is still much difference of opinion on the phylogenetic position of these new Cambrian species, and many new discoveries and changes in early fish systematics may be expected over the next decade. As noted by Halanych (2004), D.-G. (D.) Shu and collaborators have discovered fossil ascidians (e.g., Cheungkongella), cephalochordate-like yunnanozoans (Haikouella and Yunnanozoon), and jaw- less craniates (Myllokunmingia, and its junior synonym Haikouichthys) over the 15 06_250317 part1-3.qxd 12/13/05 7:32 PM Page 16 16 Fishes of the World last few years that push the origins of these three major taxa at least into the Lower Cambrian (approximately 530–540 million years ago). -
A New Cochliodont Anterior Tooth Plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) Having Implications for the Origin of Tooth Plates from Tooth Files Wayne M
Itano and Lambert Zoological Letters (2018) 4:12 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40851-018-0097-8 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files Wayne M. Itano1* and Lance L. Lambert2 Abstract Background: Paleozoic holocephalian tooth plates are rarely found articulated in their original positions. When they are found isolated, it is difficult to associate the small, anterior tooth plates with the larger, more posterior ones. Tooth plates are presumed to have evolved from fusion of tooth files. However, there is little fossil evidence for this hypothesis. Results: We report a tooth plate having nearly perfect bilateral symmetry from the Mississippian (Chesterian Stage) Bangor Limestone of Franklin County, Alabama, USA. The high degree of symmetry suggests that it may have occupied a symphyseal or parasymphyseal position. The tooth plate resembles Deltodopsis? bialveatus St. John and Worthen, 1883, but differs in having a sharp ridge with multiple cusps arranged along the occlusal surface of the presumed labiolingual axis, rather than a relatively smooth occlusal surface. The multicusped shape is suggestive of a fused tooth file. The middle to latest Chesterian (Serpukhovian) age is determined by conodonts found in the same bed. Conclusion: The new tooth plate is interpreted as an anterior tooth plate of a chondrichthyan fish. It is referred to Arcuodus multicuspidatus Itano and Lambert, gen. et sp. nov. Deltodopsis? bialveatus is also referred to Arcuodus. Keywords: Chondrichthyes, Cochliodontiformes, Carboniferous, Mississippian, Bangor limestone, Alabama, Conodonts Background Paleontological studies show that the elasmobranch dental Extant chondrichthyan fishes comprise two clades: the pattern of rows of tooth files, with teeth replaced in a elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) and the holoce- linguo-labial sequence has been highly conserved, since it phalians (chimaeras). -
The Yellowstone Paleontological Survey
E PALEONT ON O T LO S G W I O C L A L L E National Y Park The Yellowstone Service Department of the Interior Paleontological Survey SURVEY Vincent L. Santucci Yellowstone Center for Resources National Park Service Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-NR-98-1 1998 How to cite this document: Santucci, V. L. 1998. The Yellowstone Paleontological Survey. Yellowstone Center for Resources, National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming,YCR-NR-98-1. Current address for Vincent L. Santucci is National Park Service, P.O. Box 592, Kemmerer, WY 83101. The Yellowstone Paleontological Survey To Lt. Col. Luke J. Barnett, III “Uncle by blood, brother in spirit!” Vincent L. Santucci Yellowstone Center for Resources National Park Service Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming YCR-NR-98-1 1998 Table of Contents Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 Stratigraphy .................................................................................................... 4 Fossil Chronology........................................................................................... 6 Taxonomy ..................................................................................................... 12 Localities ...................................................................................................... 15 Interpretation ................................................................................................ 19 Paleontological Resource Management....................................................... -
Occurrence, Availability, and Chemical Quality of Ground
TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES REPORT 269 OCCURRENCE, AVAILABILITY, AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF GROUND WATER IN THE CRETACEOUS AQUIFERS OF NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS VOLUME 1 Phillip L. Nordstrom, Geologist April 1982 TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES Harvey Davis, Executive Director TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOARD Louis A. Beecherl Jr., Chairman John H. Garrett, Vice Chairman George W. McCleskey W. 0. Bankston Glen E. Roney Lonnie A. “Bo” Pilgrim TEXAS WATER COMMISSION Felix McDonald, Chairman Dorsey B. Hardeman, Commissioner Lee B. M. Biggart, Commissioner Authorization for use or reproduction of any original material contained in this publication, i.e., not obtained from other sources, is freely granted. The Department would appreciate acknowledgement. Published and distributed by the Texas Department of Water Resources Post Office Box 13087 Austin, Texas 78711 ii __ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 1 INTRODUCTION . .. 3 Purpose and Scope . 3 Location and Extent . 3 Physiography . 3 Climate . 4 Population . 4 Economy . 4 Previous Investigations . 4 Acknowledgements . 7 Method of Investigation . 7 Well-Numbering System . 7 Metric Conversion . 8 GEOLOGY AS RELATED TO THE OCCURRENCE OF GROUND WATER . 9 Geologic History . 9 Paleozoic . 9 Cretaceous . 9 Tertiary and Quaternary . 9 General Stratigraphy . 9 Structure . 10 STRATIGRAPHY OF THE WATER-BEARING FORMATIONS . 12 Paleozoic Rocks . 12 Antlers . 13 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS – Continued Page Twin Mountain Formation . 13 Paluxy Formation . 14 Woodbine Group . 14 Blossom Sand . 15 Nacatoch Sand . 15 CHEMICAL QUALITY OF GROUND WATER AS RELATED TO USE . 15 General Chemical Quality of Ground Water . 15 Quality Criteria or Standards . 16 Municipal . 16 Primary Standards . 20 Secondary Standards . -
Morphology and Histology of Dorsal Spines of the Xenacanthid Shark
Morphology and histology of dorsal spines of the xenacanthid shark Orthacanthus platypternus from the Lower Permian of Texas, USA: Palaeobiological and palaeoenvironmental implications KIMBERLY G. BECK, RODRIGO SOLER-GIJÓN, JESSE R. CARLUCCI, and RAY E. WILLIS Beck, K.G., Soler-Gijón, R., Carlucci, J.R., and Willis, R.E. 2016. Morphology and histology of dorsal spines of the xenacanthid shark Orthacanthus platypternus from the Lower Permian of Texas, USA: Palaeobiological and palaeoen- vironmental implications. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (1): 97–117. Detailed studies on Carboniferous species of the xenacanth Orthacanthus have shown that the xenacanth dorsal fin spine can be used for skeletochronological analyses and provides valuable information about development, growth and environmental life conditions of those extinct sharks. We report here for the first time the histology and skeletochro- nology of Permian specimens, dorsal spines of Orthacanthus platypternus from the Craddock Bone Bed (lower Clear Fork Formation; Early Permian, Leonardian age) of northern Baylor County (north-central Texas, USA). Twelve dorsal spines of O. platypternus preserve a highly vascularized wall mainly composed of centrifugally growing dentine in a succession of dentine layers, probably deposited with an annual periodicity. As expected, spines of individuals with 1–2 dentine layers, presumably juveniles, present the smallest sizes. However, spines of individuals showing at least 3–4 dentine layers and interpreted to be subadults/young adults, are distributed in two spine-size clusters corresponding to females (probably the largest spines) and males, in agreement with the hypothesis of sexual size dimorphism proposed in a previous biometric analysis. Our comparative study of O. platypternus and the Stephanian species O.