Ticknall Archaeological Research Group An
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TICKNALL ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH GROUP AN HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION AT STAUNTON LANE END COTTAGE, TICKNALL 2014 TSL14 Sue Brown M.A. Janet Spavold M.A., MSc. (UMIST), MSc. (Loughborough) In association with The National Trust. ISBN number 978-0-9567861-8-0 Copyright © 2019 Sue Brown & Janet Spavold The authors assert their moral right to be identified as the authors of this work. All Rights Reserved. No part of this compilation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of both of the Copyright holders, nor be otherwise circulated in any form or binding or cover other than in which it is published and without a similar condition being imposed on the subsequent publisher. Published by Sue Brown & Janet Spavold c/o The Magic Attic Archives, Sharpes Pottery Museum, West St., Swadlincote, Derbyshire, DE11 9DG CONTENTS Page List of figures. ii List of photographs. iii Authors and Acknowledgements. 1 Summary. 2 Location. 3 History of the site. 4 Excavation. 14 Summary of the pottery . 36 Ticknall wares. 37 Ticknall bottles. 39 Ticknall bottles or Martincamp flasks? 46 Distribution of all Ticknall wares. 50 Conclusion. 54 Appendices. 1 Fabrics - fresh break photographs. 55 2 Clay Pipes and Musket Balls. 62 3 Pot illustrations – descriptions and drawings. 63 4 Graphs of Ticknall wares found by trench. 75 5 Graphs of Kiln material. 89 6 Pot catalogue. 91 7 Wills and inventories of Morley and Marriot families. 95 8 Other bottle references. 103 Bibliography. 105 i List of figures Description Page Figure 1. Location map. 3 Figure 2. Suggested medieval layout. 5 Figure 3. Suggested layout by 1711. 5 Figure 4. Potting families on the site. 13 Figure 5. The layout and potential obstructions . 15 Figure 6. Location of trenches. 16 Figure 7. Trench 2 north section. 18 Figure 8. Trench 2 east section. 18 Figure 9. Trench 3 looking east. 20 Figure 10. Trench 3 east section. 20 Figure 11. Trench 4 plan looking east. 22 Figure 12. Trench 5 plan from west. 23 Figure 13. Trench 5 east section. 23 Figure 14. Trench 6 showing south and west sections. 24 Figure 15. Trench 8 plan. 26 Figure 16. Trench 8 north section. 27 Figure 17. Trench 9 section looking west. 28 Figure 18. Trench 9 plan. 28 Figure 19. Final position of trenches and results. 29 Figure 20. Summary of pottery recovered in the excavation. 36 Figure 21. Capacity Tests on 9 Museum of London Martincamp Flasks. 47 Figure 22. Martincamp Flasks at The Museum of London. 48 Figure 23. Occurrences of named Ticknall wares 1570-1710. 52 Figure 24. Clay pipe. 62 Figure 25. Musket balls and bullets. 62 ii List of photographs Description Page Photo 1. Aerial view from Google Earth. 4 Photo 2. W. Larter, Map of Ticknall, late 1830s. 6 Photo 3. Ticknall Tithe Map 1843. 6 Photo 4. Shaw’s Map of 1857. 7 Photo 5. Shaw’s Map of 1857 showing site enlarged. 7 Photo 6. Thomas Morley’s mark 1698. 8 Photo 7. Back wall of pigsty. 11 Photo 8. Interior of north pigsty. 11 Photo 9. The South side of the house and garden. 15 Photo 10. Trench 2 from the west. 31 Photo 11. Trench 3 from the west. 31 Photo 12. Trench 4 looking east. 31 Photo 13. Trench 4 looking north. 31 Photo 14. Trench 4 concrete drain looking east. 32 Photo 15. Trench 5 from west. 32 Photo 16. Trench 6, context (602). 32 Photo 17. Ticknall bottle waster. 32 Photo 18. Trench 7, context (702). 33 Photo 19. Trench 8 (805 and 806) from the east. 33 Photo 20. Trench 8 (806) drain with capping stones removed. 33 Photo 21. Trench 9 looking west (904) and (905). 34 Photo 22. Ground at east end of cottage with coal store and concrete removed. 34 Photo 23. A good haul of Ticknall Bottle sherds from trench 4. 35 Photo 24. TARG in action June 2014. 35 Photo 25. Mark on MP base. 41 Photo 26. CIST cups from this site at Derby Museum. 41 Photo 27. Part of a puzzle jug. 41 Photo 28. Three Ticknall Tudor Heads. 41 Photo 29. Possible vent for kiln top, Derby Museum. 41 Photo 30. Ticknall slipware. 41 Photo 31. TBOTT two coloured body. 42 Photo 32. TBOTT spout, two coloured. 42 Photo 33. TBOTT spout, two coloured. 42 Photo 34. Stone damage hole in TBOTT. 42 Photo 35. TBOTT ‘M’ or ‘W’ scratched on pot. 42 Photo 36. TBOTT spout join. 42 Photo 37. TBOTT grey swirl at top with orange streaks. 42 Photo 38. TBOTT base with orange/red streaks. 42 Photo 39. Spout join. 43 Photo 40. Spout join and waster, purple. 43 Photos 41-44. Assorted spouts. 43 Photo 45. Broken spout, two coloured. 43 Photo 46. Partly reconstructed bottle, base side. 44 Photo 47. Partly reconstructed bottle, sideways view. 44 Photo 48. Another partly reconstructed bottle. 44 Photo 49. Some of the TBOTT spouts recovered. 45 iii Description Page Photo 50. And some more. 45 Photo 51. Ticknall bottle spout and one from Southampton Museum. 49 Photo 52. Flask from Dieppe Castle Museum. 49 Photo 53. Ivory Tobacco Rasp, Dieppe Castle Museum. 49 Photo 54. Flask pieces, Dieppe Castle Museum. 49 Photo 55. Martincamp flask in wicker casing, The Mary Rose Museum. 49 Photo 56. Fresh break MP. 55 Photo 57. Fresh break MP/BL. 55 Photo 58. Fresh break BERTH. 56 Photo 59. Fresh break LERTH. 56 Photo 60. Fresh break BLACK. 57 Photo 61. Fresh break MY. 57 Photo 62. Fresh break TBOTT buff. 58 Photo 63. Fresh break TBOTT buff to orange. 58 Photo 64. Fresh break TBOTT orange. 59 Photo 65. Fresh break TBOTT brownish buff. 59 Photo 66. Fresh break TBOTT brown. 60 Photo 67. Fresh break TBOTT grey. 60 Photo 68. Fresh break TBOTT purple. 61 Photo 69. Two sizes of musket balls. 62 Photo 70. Four types of bullet. 62 Photo 71. Toy cannon barrel. 62 iv TICKNALL ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH GROUP The Ticknall Archaeological Research Group (TARG) was launched in March 2010 with a Heritage Lottery Fund grant of £49,900 over a period of three years. The origins of the group lie in the 1990s and early 2000 when Sue Brown and Janet Spavold studied the local history and landscape for their book “Ticknall Pots and Potters” which was published in 2005. It showed that the industry was widespread both geographically and over time in the parish, with 25 production sites (the total is now 31) working from the medieval periods to 1888. Not all sites were working at the same time. Ticknall’s reputation derived from the high-quality Cistercian ware, decorated and plain, and the Midlands Purple Ware which were produced here and sold throughout the Midlands. Nine years later the Group is still active and has amassed much new information about the potters and potteries of Ticknall. Members taking part in the investigation with either digging, washing, sorting or drawing were: Sue Brown, David Budge, Celia Bunston, Sybil Carter, Patti Cust, Doreen de Blaquiere, Paul Fletcher, Barbara Foster, Keith Foster, Morwenna Fox, Sue Fox, Anne Green, Sue Hallifield, Tilly Hallifield, Marianne Head, Emily Holt, Lesley Holt, Ollie Jackson, Ann Jones, David Jones, Hannah Male, Sylvia Mathias, Colleen Newton, Peter Newton, Paul Ryan, Sue Peberdy, Maria Pickin, Karenina Raffle, Martin Roe, Jayne Saunders, Les Saunders, Coleen Shepherd, Annette Soar, Janet Spavold, Julie Tibbert, Joan Tomlinson, Anne Wileman, Heather Wrigglesworth, Rachel Young. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This site is Ticknall Site 14 (Spavold and Brown p.59). It is an important site as Staunton Lane End Cottage on Staunton Lane, Ticknall was the production site of a type of known bottle that has become known internationally as a “Martincamp Flask” and although other production sites also existed, this site in Ticknall is the first production site to be identified anywhere. The Ticknall Archaeological Research Group would like to thank the following: Firstly the National Trust and particularly Rachael Hall, Consultancy Manager and Archaeological Consultant, Midlands NT Region and Rachel Walker, Estate Manager – Calke Abbey & Leicestershire; Kedleston Hall; Sudbury Hall; South Lincs and North Northants; both of whom generously allowed us to excavate over a period of time. We would particularly like to thank Dr Anne Irving for her support and assistance in providing the archaeological background and expertise in our researches for this report and for instigating our visits to London, Southampton and Dieppe. Rachel Atherton Co-production Curator at Derby Museum for access to the finds collected in 1976 and Richard Langley formerly of Derby Museum for letting us see them in the 1990s. Dr Anne Irving, the late Dr Alan Vince, Jane Young, Dr Dave Barrett former Derbyshire County Archaeologist and Steve Baker Derbyshire County Archaeologist, Alan McCormick formerly of The Brewhouse Yard Museum, Nottingham, who first told us that “Martincamp type” flasks had been found on the site in the 1970s. Dr David Barker formerly of The Potteries Museum, Stoke on Trent, Philip Riden of Derbyshire Record Society. 1 Museum of London: Steve Tucker, Curator; Francis Grew, Senior Curator (Archaeology) and Archive Manager and Helen Butler, Museum Conservator. Southampton Arts and Heritage: Mike Harris Head of Leisure and Culture and Gill Woolrich Curator of Archaeology at Southampton Museum. Dr Pierre Ickowicz, Curator, Dieppe Castle Museum. Derbyshire Archaeological Society for grants from the Pilling Bequest for chemical analysis. Derbyshire County Council for a grant towards chemical analysis of sherds that include some of the Ticknall bottle sherds from this site.