10. the All India Services (Conduct) Rules, 1968
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Federal Systems and Accommodation of Distinct Groups: a Comparative Survey of Institutional Arrangements for Aboriginal Peoples
1 arrangements within other federations will focus FEDERAL SYSTEMS AND on provisions for constitutional recognition of ACCOMMODATION OF DISTINCT Aboriginal Peoples, arrangements for Aboriginal GROUPS: A COMPARATIVE SURVEY self-government (including whether these take OF INSTITUTIONAL the form of a constitutional order of government ARRANGEMENTS FOR ABORIGINAL or embody other institutionalized arrangements), the responsibilities assigned to federal and state PEOPLES1 or provincial governments for Aboriginal peoples, and special arrangements for Ronald L. Watts representation of Aboriginal peoples in federal Institute of Intergovernmental Relations and state or provincial institutions if any. Queen's University Kingston, Ontario The paper is therefore divided into five parts: (1) the introduction setting out the scope of the paper, the value of comparative analysis, and the 1. INTRODUCTION basic concepts that will be used; (2) an examination of the utility of the federal concept (1) Purpose, relevance and scope of this for accommodating distinct groups and hence the study particular interests and concerns of Aboriginal peoples; (3) the range of variations among federal The objective of this study is to survey the systems which may facilitate the accommodation applicability of federal theory and practice for of distinct groups and hence Aboriginal peoples; accommodating the interests and concerns of (4) an overview of the actual arrangements for distinct groups within a political system, and Aboriginal populations existing in federations -
Democracy in the United States
Democracy in the United States The United States is a representative democracy. This means that our government is elected by citizens. Here, citizens vote for their government officials. These officials represent the citizens’ ideas and concerns in government. Voting is one way to participate in our democracy. Citizens can also contact their officials when they want to support or change a law. Voting in an election and contacting our elected officials are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy. Voting booth in Atascadero, California, in 2008. Photo by Ace Armstrong. Courtesy of the Polling Place Photo Project. Your Government and You H www.uscis.gov/citizenship 1 Becoming a U.S. Citizen Taking the Oath of Allegiance at a naturalization ceremony in Washington, D.C. Courtesy of USCIS. The process required to become a citizen is called naturalization. To become a U.S. citizen, you must meet legal requirements. You must complete an interview with a USCIS officer. You must also pass an English and Civics test. Then, you take the Oath of Allegiance. This means that you promise loyalty to the United States. When you become a U.S. citizen, you also make these promises: ★ give up loyalty to other countries ★ defend the Constitution and laws of the United States ★ obey the laws of the United States ★ serve in the U.S. military (if needed) ★ do important work for the nation (if needed) After you take the Oath of Allegiance, you are a U.S. citizen. 2 Your Government and You H www.uscis.gov/citizenship Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Voting is one important right and responsibility of U.S. -
Constitutional Development in India
1 Department – Political Science and Human Rights Semester- B.A. 2nd Semester Paper- Indian Government and Politics Note- I do not claim the material provided hereunder as my intellectual property as this is the collection from the writings of different scholars uploaded on websites. I have just collected, edited and arranged articles in one file according to syllabus for the purpose of enriching the students for preparation of their exams during the lockdown period. Students can also use various online sources for better understanding. I expressed my heartfelt thanks to all the authors whose writings have been incorporated in preparing this material. Constitutional Development in India Constitution is the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it. It is a written instrument embodying the rules of a political or social organization. It is a method in which a state or society is organized and sovereign power is distributed. A constitution is a set of fundamental principles according to which a state is constituted or governed. The Constitution specifies the basic allocation of power in a State and decides who gets to decide what the laws will be. The Constitution first defines how a Parliament will be organized and empowers the Parliament to decide the laws and policies. The Constitution sets some limitations on the Government as to what extent a Government can impose rules and policies on its citizen. These limits are fundamental in the sense that the Government may never trespass them. -
No. 17. Parliamentary Committee.Pmd
PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES The work done by the Parliament in modern times is not only varied in nature, but considerable in volume. The time at its disposal is limited. It cannot, therefore, give close consideration to all the legislative and other matters that come up before it. A good deal of its business is, therefore, transacted in Committees of the House, known as Parliamentary Committees. 2. The origin of Committee system in India can be traced back to the Constitutional Reforms of 1919. The Standing Orders of the Central Legislative Assembly provided for a Committee on Petitions relating to Bills, Select Committee on Amendments of Standing Orders, and Select Committee on Bills. There was also a provision for a Public Accounts Committee and a Joint Committee on a Bill. Apart from Committees of the Legislative Assembly, members of both Houses of the Central Legislature also served on the Standing Advisory Committees attached to various Departments of the Government of India. All these Committees were purely advisory in character and functioned under the control of the Government with the Minister-in-charge of the Department acting as the Chairperson of the Committee. 1 3. A Parliamentary Committee means a Committee which is appointed or elected by the House or nominated by the Speaker and which works under the direction of the Speaker and presents its report to the House or to the Speaker and the Secretariat for which is provided by the Lok Sabha Secretariat. 4. Parliamentary Committees are of two types: Standing Committees and Ad -
Legislative Framework to Combat Public Health Emergencies in India
Legislative Framework to Combat Public Health Emergencies in India In Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic I. Introduction The world is facing an unprecedented situation with the outbreak of COVID-19, a novel coronavirus. The virus has spread to 155 countries around the world, and as per data collected and released by the Johns Hopkins University, there are 198,155 confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally1. India too is faced with the threat of COVID-19. As per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 147 people in India have contracted the virus as of 18 March 2020, and the Government of India has declared the outbreak a national “disaster”. In light of this, the biggest challenge before the Government of India right now is to contain the spread of the disease and ensure the health and well-being of its population. To achieve this objective, the Government will first need to rely on existing legislative provisions and frameworks as a means of legally taking all measures necessary to fight the pandemic. Thus, this article seeks to elaborate on and highlight the various legislative provisions that exist to help the Government of India deal with a public health emergency. Before getting into this analysis, it is important to note that India has dealt with public health emergencies before. The most recent national health emergency was during the swine flu pandemic that started in 2009. The outbreak of the H1N1 virus originated in the United States of America and Mexico, and soon spread to India. India had restricted the sale of Tamiflu (the only known drug to work against swine flu) in general medical stores out of a fear that the virus would develop a resistance to the drug if it was used excessively. -
Concurrent List Subject Which Enables the Central Government to Legislate It in the Manner Suited to It
India Joint Report on India - Submission by National Coalition for Education and World Vision India For Universal Periodic Review, 13th session, 2012 The Right to Education The Right to Education in India The Indian constitution has provisions to ensure that the state provides education to all its citizens. The Indian constitution in its original enactment defined education as state subject. Under Article 42 of the constitution, an amendment was added in 1976 and education became a concurrent list subject which enables the central government to legislate it in the manner suited to it. Besides India is signatory to a number of international covenants i.e. Jomtien declaration, UNCRC, MDG goals, Dakar declaration SAARC SDG charter for children which is binding on its commitment for making education a reality for all children. Nearly eight years after the Constitution was amended to make education a fundamental right, the government of India from 1st April 2010 implemented the law to provide free and compulsory education to all children in age group of 6-14 years. The 86th Constitutional amendment making education a fundamental right was passed by Parliament in 2002. The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, a law to enable the implementation of the fundamental right, was passed by Parliament last year. Both the Constitutional amendment and the new law came into force from 1st April 2010. The new law makes it obligatory on part of the state governments and local bodies to ensure that every child gets education in a school in the neighbourhood. The Constitution (Eighty-sixth) Amendment Act has now inserted Article 21A in the Constitution which makes education a Fundamental Right for Children in the age group of 6- 14 years by providing that; “the State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six to fourteen years in such manner as the State may, by law, determine”. -
State Revival the Role of the States in Australia’S COVID-19 Response and Beyond
State revival The role of the states in Australia’s COVID-19 response and beyond Australia’s states and territories have taken the lead in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic, supported by constitutional powers and popular mandates. With the states newly emboldened, further action on climate change, changes to federal–state financial arrangements and reform of National Cabinet could all be on the agenda. Discussion paper Bill Browne July 2021 ABOUT THE AUSTRALIA INSTITUTE The Australia Institute is an independent public policy think tank based in Canberra. It is funded by donations from philanthropic trusts and individuals and commissioned research. We barrack for ideas, not political parties or candidates. Since its launch in 1994, the Institute has carried out highly influential research on a broad range of economic, social and environmental issues. OUR PHILOSOPHY As we begin the 21st century, new dilemmas confront our society and our planet. Unprecedented levels of consumption co-exist with extreme poverty. Through new technology we are more connected than we have ever been, yet civic engagement is declining. Environmental neglect continues despite heightened ecological awareness. A better balance is urgently needed. The Australia Institute’s directors, staff and supporters represent a broad range of views and priorities. What unites us is a belief that through a combination of research and creativity we can promote new solutions and ways of thinking. OUR PURPOSE – ‘RESEARCH THAT MATTERS’ The Institute publishes research that contributes to a more just, sustainable and peaceful society. Our goal is to gather, interpret and communicate evidence in order to both diagnose the problems we face and propose new solutions to tackle them. -
Tools and Techniques of Effective Governors
MANAGEMENT BRIEF: TRANSITION INTO OFFICE Tools and Techniques of Effective Governors Introduction independent authority around critical issues such as budgeting, personnel and procurement. A governor’s Over the past several years, National Governors authority in these areas will be more limited. Association (NGA) Consulting has conducted considerable research and produced resources for the A business CEO will usually exercise more control organization and operation of the governor’s office. over his or her board of directors than a governor can Recently, NGA Consulting has focused its attention exercise over an independent legislature. A legislator, on the governor’s role in leadership and management an academic or an advocate can focus on broad policy of state government. As this work progressed, it issues with little immediate concern for the became clear that those who seek to be governor or mechanics of implementation. A governor must see who play important roles in the governor’s office that his or her policies not only are adopted but should understand the tools available to help implemented in an effective and efficient manner. governors effectively lead and manage state Individuals outside the executive branch can point government. fingers and raise questions because their role is often to hold others accountable. In most cases, it is the This management brief provides an overview of the governor who will be accountable in the public’s eye primary tools available to governors: and who must realize that indeed “the buck stops here.” • Accessing information; • Setting priorities; Many officials in business and politics struggle for • Managing the governor’s staff; media attention, but governors are constantly in the • Selecting key personnel; public eye. -
Unicameralism and the Indiana Constitutional Convention of 1850 Val Nolan, Jr.*
DOCUMENT UNICAMERALISM AND THE INDIANA CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1850 VAL NOLAN, JR.* Bicameralism as a principle of legislative structure was given "casual, un- questioning acceptance" in the state constitutions adopted in the nineteenth century, states Willard Hurst in his recent study of main trends in the insti- tutional development of American law.1 Occasioning only mild and sporadic interest in the states in the post-Revolutionary period,2 problems of legislative * A.B. 1941, Indiana University; J.D. 1949; Assistant Professor of Law, Indiana Uni- versity School of Law. 1. HURST, THE GROWTH OF AMERICAN LAW, THE LAW MAKERS 88 (1950). "O 1ur two-chambered legislatures . were adopted mainly by default." Id. at 140. During this same period and by 1840 many city councils, unicameral in colonial days, became bicameral, the result of easy analogy to state governmental forms. The trend was reversed, and since 1900 most cities have come to use one chamber. MACDONALD, AmER- ICAN CITY GOVERNMENT AND ADMINISTRATION 49, 58, 169 (4th ed. 1946); MUNRO, MUNICIPAL GOVERN-MENT AND ADMINISTRATION C. XVIII (1930). 2. "[T]he [American] political theory of a second chamber was first formulated in the constitutional convention held in Philadelphia in 1787 and more systematically developed later in the Federalist." Carroll, The Background of Unicameralisnl and Bicameralism, in UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURES, THE ELEVENTH ANNUAL DEBATE HAND- BOOK, 1937-38, 42 (Aly ed. 1938). The legislature of the confederation was unicameral. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION, V. Early American proponents of a bicameral legislature founded their arguments on theoretical grounds. Some, like John Adams, advocated a second state legislative house to represent property and wealth. -
Status of Tigers in the Sundarban Landscape Bangladesh and India
Status of Tigers in the Sundarban Landscape Bangladesh and India Principal Investigators T. K. Dey, Md. J. Kabir, Q. Qureshi & Y. V. Jhala Bangladesh Forest Department National Tiger Conservation Authority T.K. Dey, M. J. Kabir, M. M. Ahsan, S. P. Yadav, Himmat S. Negi, B. S. Bonal M. M. Islam, M. M. R. Chowdhury & S. Hassan. & Rajesh Gopal World Wide Fund for Nature - India West Bengal Forest Department Debmalya Roy Chowdhury, Pankaj Sarkar, Soumitra Dasgupta & Pradeep Shukla Ratul Saha, Sunit Kumar Das & Jimmy Bora Wildlife Institute of India Manjari Roy, Dipanjan Naha, Ahana Dutta, Bhaskar J Bora, Manendra Kaneria, Rahul K Talegaonkar, Sougata Sadhukan, Urjit M Bhatt, Ujjwal Sinha, Q. Qureshi & Y. V. Jhala Suggested Citation: Jhala, Y.V., Dey, T.K., Qureshi, Q., Kabir, J., Md., Bora, J. & Roy, M. 2016. Status of tigers in the Sundarban landscape Bangladesh and India. Bangladesh Forest Department; National Tiger Conservation Authority, New Delhi, & Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun. TRNO -2016/002. i çdk'k tkoMsdj jkT; ea=kh (Lora=k çHkkj) Prakash Javadekar MINISTER OF STATE (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) i;kZoj.k] ou ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu ENVIRONMENT, FOREST & CLIMATE CHANGE Hkkjr ljdkj /GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Message Sundarbans is the last unexplored mystical home of the tiger. Here the tiger is dreaded and worshipped. It serves as a guardian of these majestic forests and has saved them from human overexploitation. For the first time, the joint assessment of tiger status by Bangladesh and India using a common standard scientific protocol, has unraveled the ecological aspects of this unique and little known tiger population that will be of immense value for its conservation. -
Article 14 of the Constitution of India Reads As Under
1 ANNEXURE II 1. EQUALITY RIGHTS (ARTICLES 14 – 18) 1.1 Article 14 of the Constitution of India reads as under: “The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.” 1.2 The said Article is clearly in two parts – while it commands the State not to deny to any person ‘equality before law’, it also commands the State not to deny the ‘equal protection of the laws’. Equality before law prohibits discrimination. It is a negative concept. The concept of ‘equal protection of the laws’ requires the State to give special treatment to persons in different situations in order to establish equality amongst all. It is positive in character. Therefore, the necessary corollary to this would be that equals would be treated equally, whilst un-equals would have to be treated unequally Article 15 secures the citizens from every sort of discrimination by the State, on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth or any of them. However, this Article does not prevent the State from making any special provisions for women or children. Further, it also allows the State to extend special provisions for socially and economically backward classes for their advancement. It applies to the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST) as well. Article 16 assures equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prevents the State from any sort of discrimination on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them. -
Organizational Structure of the Government at the Centre and State
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE GOVERNMENT AT THE CENTRE AND STATE Prof. I Ramabrahmam Dept. of Political Science University of Hyderabad Hyderabad Structure of the Indian Constitution o Article 1 (1) of the Constitution: India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States. o There are o 28 States; and o 7 Union Territories. o Neither ‘Federal’ in the classical sense nor ‘Unitary’ in character. o Some call it ‘quasi federal’ India’s Federal Structure till 1990s Federal Structure in India After 1992 Central Government State Government Local Government o Urban Local o Rural local Self- Governing Institutions Bodies o District Panchayats (540) o Corporations o Intermediate Panchayats (6096) o Municipalities o Town Areas o Village Panchayats (2,32,000) The Administrative Structure of the Government of India (The roles of the various Ministries are defined as per the Rules of Business) President Vice- President Prime Minister Council of Ministers Minister Minister Minister Secretary Additional Secretary Joint Secretary Continued… o Articles 52 to 62 of Indian Constitution explains the President of India and his election procedure, executive powers etc o Article 63 to 71 deals with the vice-president of India and his election procedure, functions, terms of office, Qualification etc. o Article 73 to 78 of Indian Constitution deals with duties and functions of the Prime Minister and the council of ministers The Administrative Structure of the State Governments Governor Chief Minister Council of Ministers Minister Minister Minister Secretary Additional Secretary Joint Secretary Continued… o Article 152 of Indian Constitution speaks about the State Governments except the Jammu & Kashmir o Article 153 to 161 deals with the Governors of States and their functions, election, eligibility, and duties etc o 163, 164, and 167 articles of the Indian Constitution deals with the Chief Minister and council of Ministers.