DOCSLIB.ORG

Water Vulnerabilities for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Water Vulnerabilities for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants Water Vulnerabilities for Existing Coal-fired Power Plants August 2010 DOE/NETL-2010/1429 Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed therein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Water Vulnerabilities for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants Water Vulnerabilities for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants DOE/NETL-2010/1429 August 2010 NETL Contact: Barbara Carney Existing Plants Program National Energy Technology Laboratory www.netl.doe.gov August 2010 iii Water Vulnerabilities for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants This page intentionally left blank August 2010 iv Water Vulnerabilities for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................... xii Notation........................................................................................................................................ xiii Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Identifying and Collecting Data on Demand and Supply Conditions ................................... 7 2.1.1 Demand Indicators ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Supply Indicators ......................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Preparing the GIS Database ................................................................................................ 16 2.2.1 Preparataion of the Indicator Data ............................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Collection and Formatting of Data for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants .................. 17 2.3 Creating and Interactively Analyzing GIS Database Content to Locate Plants within Specific Demand and Supply Constraint Areas ...................................................... 20 2.4 Developing Criteria for Identifying Plants Subject to Water Demand and Supply Vulnerabilities .................................................................................................................... 20 2.5 Using the Criteria to Identify Potentially Vulnerable Plants .............................................. 22 2.6 Characterizing the Potentially Vulnerable Plants to Identify Commonalities .................... 23 2.7 Assessing the Proximity of Vulnerable Plants to Nontraditional Water Sources ............... 23 Chapter 3 Findings ........................................................................................................................ 25 3.1 Characteristics of Vulnerable Plants ................................................................................... 25 3.1.1 Location ....................................................................................................................... 25 3.1.2 Type of Cooling System .............................................................................................. 30 3.1.3 Cooling System Age .................................................................................................... 31 3.1.4 Source of Cooling Water ............................................................................................. 33 3.1.5 Plant Capacity .............................................................................................................. 38 3.2 Area Demand Indicators ..................................................................................................... 40 3.2.1 Areas with Projected Increases in Water Consumption by Thermoelectric Power ............................................................................................. 40 3.2.2 Areas with High Levels of Projected Water Consumption by All Users .................... 41 3.2.3 Areas with Significant Projected Increases in Consumption by All Users .................. 42 3.2.4 Areas with High Water Withdrawals ........................................................................... 42 August 2010 v Water Vulnerabilities for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants 3.2.5 Population .................................................................................................................... 43 3.2.6 Potential Crisis/Conflict Areas .................................................................................... 44 3.3 Plant-Specific Demand Indicators ...................................................................................... 48 3.3.1 Net Annual Electrical Generation ................................................................................ 48 3.3.2 Plant-Specific Water Consumption.............................................................................. 49 3.3.3 Plant-Specific Water Withdrawal ................................................................................ 55 3.3.4 High CO2 Emissions .................................................................................................... 58 3.4 Supply Vulnerabilities ........................................................................................................ 58 3.4.1 Precipitation ................................................................................................................. 58 3.4.2 Temperature ................................................................................................................. 59 3.4.3 Streamflow ................................................................................................................... 60 3.4.4 Drought ........................................................................................................................ 61 3.5 Site-Specific R&D efforts ................................................................................................... 64 3.6 Potential Alternative Water Sources for Vulnerable Plants ................................................ 68 3.6.1 Saline Aquifers............................................................................................................. 69 3.6.2 Coal Bed Methane Fields ............................................................................................. 70 3.6.3 Oil and Gas Fields ........................................................................................................ 70 3.6.4 Mine Pool Water .......................................................................................................... 71 3.6.5 Shale Gas Plays ............................................................................................................ 72 Chapter 4 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................. 75 4.1 Caveats .................................................................................................................................... 76 4.2 R&D Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 77 References ..................................................................................................................................... 83 Appendix A. Coal-Fired Power Plants in the Analysis Set .......................................................... 87 Appendix B. Vulnerable Plants and Scoring Results................................................................ 1423 August 2010 vi Water Vulnerabilities for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants TABLES 2-1 Demand Indicators, Measures, and Data Sources .................................................................... 8 2-2 Average Withdrawal and Consumption Rates for Once-Through and Recirculating Cooling Systems .......................................................................................... 9 2-3 Supply Indicators, Measures, and Data Sources..................................................................... 14 2-4 Standardized Precipitation Index Values ................................................................................ 15 2-5 Palmer Hydrological Drought Index Values .......................................................................... 16 2-6 Methods and Examples for Converting Data Sources to the GIS Format for Analysis ............................................................................................................................. 18 2-7 Criteria for Assessing Demand Vulnerabilities ...................................................................... 21 2-8 Criteria
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annual Reporting
    20 ANNUAL 12REPORT Financial hIghLIghts kEy AccOmplishments • maintained annual dividend of $2.20 per share • Achieved a 42 percent increase in the number of retail • Reduced our projected environmental spend to customers served by our competitive subsidiary, $975 million, down from an original estimate of FirstEnergy Solutions (FES) $2 billion to $3 billion • Grew competitive sales by 10 percent, to nearly • Strengthened our balance sheet by contributing 100 million megawatt-hours $600 million to the pension plan • Improved distribution reliability financials at A glancE (dollars in millions, except per share amounts) 2012 2011 2010 Total REvenues $15,303 $16,147 $13,339 NET INcOmE $771 $869 $718 BASIc EARNINgS per common share $1.85 $2.22 $2.44 DILuted earningS per common share $1.84 $2.21 $2.42 DIvidends paid per common share $2.20 $2.20 $2.20 BOOk value per common share $31.29 $31.75 $29.47 net cash from operatiNg ActivitieS $2,320 $3,063 $3,076 FES CuStomErS SErvEd (in millions) 2012 2.6 2011 1.8 2010 1.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 CompEtitivE rEtAiL sales (in millions of megawatt-hours) 2012 99.7 2011 90.1 2010 80.2 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CompETITIVE gEnErAtion output (in millions of megawatt-hours) 2012 96.5 2011 96.5 2010 74.9 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 on the cover: Our Pleasants Power Station located along the Ohio River in Willow Island, W.Va. mESSAgE TO OUR ShAREhOLDERS The actions we took in 2012 will help position your company to compete and succeed.
    [Show full text]
  • (2019) EPA's Final
    Attachment to Part B Comments of Earthjustice et al., EPA-HQ-OLEM-2019-0173 Assessment Monitoring Outcomes (2019) EPA’s Final Coal Ash Rule, 40 C.F.R. § 257.94(e)(3), requires the owners or operators of existing Coal Combustion Residuals (CCR) units to prepare a notification stating that an assessment monitoring program has been established if it is determined that a statistically significant increase over background levels for one or more of the constituents listed in appendix III of the CCR Rule has occurred, without an alleged alternate source demonstration. This table identifies the CCR surface impoundments known to be in assessment monitoring and required to identify any constituent(s) in appendix IV detected at statistically significant levels (SSL) above groundwater protection standards and post notice of the assessment monitoring outcome per 40 C.F.R. § 257.95. The table includes the surface impoundments that were required to post notice of appendix IV exceedance(s), as applicable, or elected to do so as of the time of this assessment monitoring outcomes review (summer 2019). To the best of our knowledge, neither EPA nor any other entity has attempted to assemble this information and make it public. Note that this document is not confirming that the industry notifications or assessments were compliant with the CCR Rule or that additional units may not belong on this list. Assessment Monitoring Outcome # of Surface Impoundments Appendix IV Exceedance(s) 214 Appendix IV Exceedance(s), alleged Alternate Source Demonstration 16 No Appendix IV Exceedance Reported 64 Total 294 Name of Plant Appendix IV Operator CCR Unit or Site Exceedance(s) Healy Power Plant GVEA AK Unit 1 Ash Pond Yes Healy Power Plant GVEA AK Unit 1 Emergency Overflow Pond Yes Healy Power Plant GVEA AK Unit 1 Recirculating Pond Yes Charles R.
    [Show full text]
  • The Economic Impact of Coal and Coal-Fired Power Generation in West Virginia
    THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF COAL AND COAL-FIRED POWER GENERATION IN WEST VIRGINIA WINTER 2021 The Economic Impact of Coal and Coal-Fired Power Generation in West Virginia is published by: Bureau of Business & Economic Research West Virginia University College of Business and Economics PO Box 6527, Morgantown, WV 26506-6527 (304) 293-7831; [email protected] bber.wvu.edu WRITTEN BY Christiadi PhD Research Associate Eric Bowen PhD Research Assistant Professor John Deskins PhD Director Priscila Borges Marques Dos Santos Research Scholar Funding for this research was provided by the West Virginia Coal Association. The opinions herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the West Virginia Coal Association or the West Virginia University Board of Governors. © Copyright 2021 WVU Research Corporation ii Bureau of Business & Economic Research Table of Contents List of Figures and Tables ............................................................................................................................. iv Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... v 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2 Coal and the West Virginia Economy: Recent Trends ......................................................................... 2 3 West Virginia Coal Exports ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Meeting Record
    Coal Combustion Residuals Impoundment Assessment Reports ISpecial Wastes I Wastes ... Page 1 of 26 You nrc Waste »Coal Combustion Residuals »Coal Cornbustion Pcsidcnls Irnpm.mdrnent 1\s";essrncnt Reports • Special Waste Home • Cement Kiln Dust • Crude Oil and Gas • Fossil Fuel Combustion • Mineral Processing • Mining Coal Combustion Residuals Impoundment Assessment Reports As part of the US Environmental Protection Agency's ongoing national effort to assess the management of coal • Coal Combustion Residuals • Information Request Responses combustion residuals (CCR), EPA is releasing the final from Electric Utilities contractor reports assessing the structural integrity of • Impoundment Assessment Reports impoundments and similar management units containing • Surface Impoundments with High Hazard Potential Ratings coal combustion residuals, commonly referred to as "coal • Frequent Questions ash," at coal fired power plants. Most of the • Proposed Rule impoundments have been given hazard potential ratings (e.g. less than low, low, significant, high) by the state, EPA contractor, or company which are not related to the • Alliant Energy Corporation's Facility in Burlington, Iowa stability of the impoundments but to the potential for • AEP's Philip Sporn Power Plant in harm should the impoundment fail. For example, a New Haven, WV "significant" hazard potential rating means impoundment failure can cause economic loss, environmental damage, or damage to infrastructure. EPA has assessed all of the known units with a dam hazard potential rating of "high" or "significant" as reported in the responses provided by electric utilities to EPA's information requests and additional units identified during the field assessments. EPA will release additional reports as they become available. The reports being released now have been completed by contractors who are experts in the area of dam integrity, reflect the best professional judgment of the engineering firm, and are signed and stamped by a professional engineer.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Service Commission of West Virginia Charleston
    PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION OF WEST VIRGINIA CHARLESTON CASE NO. 17-0296-E-PC MONONGAHELA POMER COMPANY and THE POTOMAC EDISON COMPANY, Petition for Approval of a Generation Resource Transaction and Related Relief. COMMISSION ORDER January 26,20 18 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 1 I1. BACKGROUND AND DISPARATE POSITIONS OF THE PARTIES ........................ 2 A . Positions of Parties Urging Approval of the Transaction .............................................. 6 1. The Companies ......................................................................................................... 6 2 . The WVCA ............................................................................................................... 7 3 . The WBIC.............................................................................................................. 7 B . Positions of Parties Urging Disapproval of the Transaction .......................................... 8 1. The Staff.................................................................................................................... 8 2 . The CAD ................................................................................................................... 9 3 . Longview .................................................................................................................. 9 4 . HCPBCP ...............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Coal Combustion Residuals Impoundment Assessment Reports
    Special Waste Home Cement Kiln Dust Crude Oil and Gas Fossil Fuel Combustion Mineral Processing Mining Coal Combustion Residuals Impoundment Assessment Reports As part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's national effort to assess the management of Related Links coal combustion residuals (CCR), EPA released the final contractor reports assessing the structural Information Request Responses integrity of impoundments and similar management units containing coal combustion residuals, from Electric Utilities commonly referred to as “coal ash,” at coal fired power plants. Most of the impoundments have been given hazard potential ratings (e.g. less than low, low, significant, high) by the state, EPA contractor, Frequent Questions or company which are not related to the stability of the impoundments but to the potential for harm Final Rule should the impoundment fail. For example, a “significant” hazard potential rating means impoundment failure can cause economic loss, environmental damage, or damage to infrastructure. Additional Information Regarding Alliant Energy EPA assessed all of the known units with a dam hazard potential rating of “high” or “significant” as Corporation's Facility in Burlington, Iowa reported in the reponses provided by electric utilities to EPA’s information requests and additional units identified during the field assessments. EPA will release additional reports as they become available. The reports being released now have been completed by contractors who are experts in the area of dam integrity, reflect the best professional judgment of the engineering firm, and are signed and stamped by a professional engineer. The reports are based on a visual assessment of the site, interviews with site personnel, and the review of geotechnical reports and studies related to the design, construction and operation of those impoundments, if available.
    [Show full text]
  • Redirecting Federal Funds Toward Coal and Nuclear Plant Communities by Sonia Aggarwal ● August 2018
    www.energyinnovation.org 98 Battery Street; San Francisco, CA 94111 [email protected] REDIRECTING FEDERAL FUNDS TOWARD COAL AND NUCLEAR PLANT COMMUNITIES BY SONIA AGGARWAL ● AUGUST 2018 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has proposed directing power grid operators to purchase electricity for a period of two years to prevent the retirement of certain power plants. DOE’s May 29 memo does not explicitly specify which power plants it would affect, but it implies large coal and nuclear facilities, similar to those targeted by the 2017 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, originally issued by DOE and later rejected by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.i This research note outlines how $2 billion in federal subsidies for six uneconomic FirstEnergy coal and nuclear power plants could be better spent investing in an economic transition for the communities where those plants are located, rather than keeping units online for two more years. $2 BILLION IN SUBSIDIES OVER TWO YEARS FOR SIX POWER PLANTS Energy Innovation and the Climate Policy Initiative analyzed DOE’s 2017 proposal in The Department of Energy’s Grid Resilience Pricing Proposal: A Cost Analysis. In this analysis, FirstEnergy’s market-exposed coal and nuclear fleetii would need about $1 billion per year to keep these uneconomic plants running profitably. Assuming a two-year price support referenced in the latest public memo from DOE, this would imply subsidies of about $2 billion over two years to keep six of FirstEnergy’s plants operating. DOE’s memo is unclear on the question of whether this payment would come from taxes or utility bills.
    [Show full text]
  • Attachment 1: Modeling Reports
    west virginia department of environmental protection Attachment 1: Modeling Reports West Virginia Division of Air Quality 601 57th Street, SE Charleston, WV 25304 Promoting a healthy environment. WV SO2 DRR Modeling Submittal Attachment 1 - 1 [This page intentionally left blank.] WV SO2 DRR Modeling Submittal Attachment 1 - 2 List of Modeling Reports Monongahela Power Company – Harrison (54-033-00015) .................................................. Page 5 Harrison Modeling files on separate DVD Monongahela Power Company – Fort Martin (54-061-00001) ........................................... Page 39 Fort Martin Modeling files on separate DVD Allegheny Energy – Pleasants (54-073-00005) ................................................................... Page 77 Pleasants Modeling files on separate DVD Appalachian Power Company – John E. Amos (54-079-00006) ....................................... Page 113 Amos Modeling files on separate DVD Appalachian Power Company – Mountaineer (54-053-00009) ......................................... Page 131 Mountaineer Modeling files on separate DVD Dominion Resources, Inc. – Mt. Storm (54-023-00003) ................................................... Page 147 Mt. Storm Modeling files on separate DVD WV SO2 DRR Modeling Submittal Attachment 1 - 3 [This page intentionally left blank.] WV SO2 DRR Modeling Submittal Attachment 1 - 4 Air Modeling Findings Report for the Harrison Power Plant in Response to U.S. EPA’s Data Requirements Rule for the 2010 1-Hour SO2 Primary National Ambient Air Quality Standard Prepared for: FirstEnergy Corporation Environmental Energy Delivery Services 76 South Main Street Akron, OH 44308 Submitted to: Division of Air Quality West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection 601 57th Street SE Charleston, WV 25304 October 21, 2016 45 ROUTE 46, SUITE 601 ■ PINE BROOK, NJ 07058■ 973-575-2555 ■ FAX: 973-256-2200 ■www.enviroplan.com■ WV SO2 DRR Modeling Submittal Attachment 1 - 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On August 21, 2015, the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • West Virginia and Coal Ash Disposal in Ponds and Landfills
    West Virginia and Coal Ash Disposal in Ponds and Landfills Summary of Coal Ash Generating Facilities in WVi Coal-Fired Power Plant Operator Disposal Sites County Hazard Level John E. Amos Power Station Appalachian Power Co. 8 ponds/landfill* Putnam 1 high, 1 sig Kanawha River Power Station Appalachian Power Co. 4 ponds/landfill* Kanawha Mountaineer Power Station Appalachian Power Co. 1 pond/landfill* Mason 1 significant Philip Sporn Power Station Appalachian Power Co. 3 ponds/landfill* Mason 2 significant Mitchell Power Plant Ohio Power Co. 3 ponds Marshall 1 high Pleasants Power Station Allegheny Energy Supply 5 ponds/landfill* Pleasants 1 high Harrison Power Station Allegheny Energy Supply 2 ponds, landfill* Harrison Mount Storm (VIEP) Dominion Virginia Power 1 pond, landfill* Grant Fort Martin Power Station (MONG) Monongahela Power Co. 3 ponds, landfill* Monongalia Kammer Ohio Power Co. 2 ponds Marshall PPG Natrium Plant PPG Industries Inc. landfill* Marshall Albright Monongahela Power Co. 2 ponds, landfill* Preston 2 unrated Willow Island Monongahela Power Co. 2 ponds, landfill* Pleasants Rivesville Monongahela Power Co. landfill* Marion Little Broad Run American Electric Power 2 ponds Mason 1 high R Paul Smith (plant in MD, ponds in Allegheny Energy 2 ponds/landfill* Berkeley 2 significant WV Little Blue Run Residual Waste First Energy 1 pond 1 high Impoundment *indicates one or more coal ash landfills.ii Amount of coal ash generated per year: Over 7.2 million tons. WV ranks 4th in the U.S for coal ash generation.iii Number of Coal Ash Ponds: At least 41 coal ash ponds at 11 power plants.iv Pond Ratings and Size: At least five ponds in WV are rated “high hazard,” and at least seven ponds are rated “significant hazard.”v A pond is defined as “high hazard” if loss of life is likely in the event of a failure.
    [Show full text]
  • Coal Ash Impoundments, Allegheny Energy, Pleasants Power Station
    Assessment of Dam Safety Coal Combustion Surface Impoundments (Task 3) Draft Report Allegheny Energy Supply Company Pleasants Power Station McElroys Run Dam Willow Island, West Virginia Prepared for Lockheed Martin 2890 Woodridge Ave #209 Edison, New Jersey 08837 December 2, 2009 CHA Project No. 20085.6000.1510 I acknowledge that the management units referenced herein: McElroy’s Run Dam Have been assessed on October 13, 2009. Signature: _________________________________________ Malcolm D. Hargraves, P.E. Senior Geotechnical Engineer Signature: _________________________________________ Katherine E. Adnams, P.E. Senior Geotechnical Engineer Reviewer: _________________________________________ Warren A. Harris, P.E. Geotechnical Operations Manager Reviewer: _________________________________________ Khalid Abed, P.E. Principal Engineer Registered in the State of West Virginia -ii- Draft Report Assessment of Dam Safety of Coal Combustion Surface Impoundments Allegheny Energy Pleasants Power Station Willow Island, West Virginia TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE NUMBER 1.0 INTRODUCTION & PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..............................................................1 1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................1 1.2 Project Background.......................................................................................................1 1.2.1 State Issued Permits ......................................................................................................2
    [Show full text]
  • Methods for Estimating Water Consumption for Thermoelectric Power Plants in the United States
    USGS National Water Census and National Streamflow Information Program Methods for Estimating Water Consumption for Thermoelectric Power Plants in the United States Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5188 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Aerial photographs of thermoelectric power plants in the United States from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP), 2007. Refer to figures 2, 3, 5, and 6. Methods for Estimating Water Consumption for Thermoelectric Power Plants in the United States By Timothy H. Diehl, Melissa A. Harris, Jennifer C. Murphy, Susan S. Hutson, and David E. Ladd USGS National Water Census and National Streamflow Information Program Scientific Investigations Report 2013–5188 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2013 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Redirecting Federal Funds Toward Coal and Nuclear Plant Communities by Sonia Aggarwal ● August 2018
    www.energyinnovation.org 98 Battery Street; San Francisco, CA 94111 [email protected] REDIRECTING FEDERAL FUNDS TOWARD COAL AND NUCLEAR PLANT COMMUNITIES BY SONIA AGGARWAL ● AUGUST 2018 The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has proposed directing power grid operators to purchase electricity for a period of two years to prevent the retirement of certain power plants. DOE’s May 29 memo does not explicitly specify which power plants it would affect, but it implies large coal and nuclear facilities, similar to those targeted by the 2017 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking, originally issued by DOE and later rejected by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.i This research note outlines how the $2 billion in federal subsidies for six uneconomic FirstEnergy coal and nuclear power plants would be better spent investing in economic transition for the communities where those plants are located than keeping them online for two years. $2 BILLION IN SUBSIDIES OVER TWO YEARS FOR SIX POWER PLANTS Energy Innovation and the Climate Policy Initiative analyzed DOE’s 2017 proposal in The Department of Energy’s Grid Resilience Pricing Proposal: A Cost Analysis. In this analysis, First Energy’s market-exposed coal and nuclear fleetii would need about $1 billion per year to keep these uneconomic plants running profitably. Assuming the two-year price support referenced in the latest May 29 memo from DOE, this would imply subsidies of about $2 billion over two years to keep six of First Energy’s plants operating. DOE’s memo is unclear on the question of whether this payment would come from taxpayers or utility customers.
    [Show full text]