Geophysics IPPS NIG:01

Address Department of Physics University P. O. Box 182 810271 Samaru Post Office

Visiting address Main Campus, Samaru

Phone +234 803 5904238 (mobile), E-mail [email protected]

Group leader Prof Isaac B. Osazuwa

Staff members Prof Isaac B. Osazuwa, PhD, Professor Dr Peter O. Sule, PhD, senior lecturer Dr Kolawole M. Lawal, PhD, Lecturer Dr Aminu Lawal Ahmed, PhD, Lecturer Mr Raimi Jimoh, MSc, Assistant Lecturer Mr Collins Chiemeke, MSc, Assistant Lecturer Mr Joseph O. Osumeje, MSc, Assistant Lecturer Mr Bashir M. Sani, HND*, Chief Technologist * Higher National Diploma

Nigeria: Geophysics (NIG:01)

Summary The purpose of the research activity is to train high level manpower in the field of geophysics. Among the aims of the projects are: (i) to embark on postgraduate programme leading to the award of MSc and PhD degrees in Applied Geophysics; (ii) to design research projects that will address problems of national interest; (iii) to enter into research cooperation with other institutions and government agencies for the purpose of solving scientific problems of mutual and national interest; (iv) to set the pace for sustainable research in geophysics in Nigeria and the Subregion.

The research outfit specializes in Applied Geophysics. Therefore its activities are based, essentially, on open field data collection, followed by analysis and interpretation. The methods of investigation, as the case may be, are geoelectrics, gravity, magnetics, magnetotellurics, radiometrics, seismics and very low frequency (VLF) electro-magnetics. These are supplemented by other methods, which are developed by the senior academia of the group. The ensuing scientific hypotheses often enhance data interpretation. The group’s research activity is a continuing exercise. Thus, projects may last some years before completion, depending on the magnitude of the projects. Only projects where equipment are available are undertaken. Also the group can embark on more than one project at a time.

During 2008, research work was completed on structural failures and valley formation, using case studies from Zaria area and on calibration of the Terralock seismograph using geologic bore-hole logs. On-going research activities include dam site investigation, study of the characteristics of the Zaria batholith, study of the magnetic susceptibility of basement rocks in Zaria area (almost completed), pollution and archaeological studies. Further, a project on phased densification of the Nigerian Gravity Network is being undertaken in collaboration with the Nigerian Geological Survey Agency, , Nigeria.

The group functions both as a national and regional centre for geophysics and many scientists from outside have received MSc and PhD degrees working on projects and making use of equipment in cooperation with the group. The programme has since 1984 turned out more than 80 MSc theses and 19 PhD dissertations in geophysics, covering more than 20 completed and ongoing projects.

Publications listed in the activity reports for year 2007 and 2008 include: - K. M. Lawal and I. B. Osazuwa, “A Stabilization Procedure for the Transformation of Magnetic Data”, Ife Journal of Science 9(1),19 (2007) - I. B. Osazuwa and S. O. Adetola, “Frequency Dependence of Magnetic Susceptibility of Weakly Contaminated Soil Sediments”, FUTY Journal of the Environment 2(1),33 (2007) - I. B. Osazuwa, “Reduction of Gravimetric Data Using Integrated Computer Programme”, Nigerian Journal of Physics 19(1),121 (2007) - I. B. Osazuwa and C. Z. Akaolisa, “Application of Laplace Interpolation in the Analysis of Geopotential Data”, Nigerian Journal of Physics (2007) - C. Chiemeke and I. B. Osazuwa, “Application of Seismic Refraction Tomography for subsurface imaging in Central Northern Nigeria”, Nigerian Journal of Physics 19(2) ISSN 1595-0611,247 (2007) - I. B. Osazuwa, D. K. Gabako and C. C. Chiemeke, “Reliability of Seismic Tomographic Studies in the Determination of Sub-surface Structures and Strength Characteristics of Geologic Materials”, Journal of Engineering and Industrial Applications 3(2) ISSN 1118-8383, 24 (2007) - I. B. Osazuwa, N. K. Abdullahi, “Electrical Resistivity and Induced Polarization Investigation at an open Solid Waste Dumpsite. Case Study: , Nigeria”, Journal of Environmental Hydrology 16(29), 1 (2008) - I. B. Osazuwa, and A. D. Chinedu, “Seismic Refraction Tomography Imaging of High-Permeability Zones Beneath an Earthen Dam in Zaria Area, Nigeria”, Journal of Applied Geophysics 66 ,44 (2008) - I.B. Osazuwa, C. C. Chiemeke, N. K. Abdullahi and C. C. Akaolisa, “Improved Depth of Penetration of Geoelectric Imaging in a Confined Area using Refraction Tomography”, Journal of Environmental Hydrology 16(38), 1 (2008) - I. B. Osazuwa and N. K. Abdullahi, “Geophysics Techniques for the Study of Groundwater Pollution: A Review”, Nigerian Journal of Physics 20(1), 163 (2008) - A. S. Oniku, I. B. Osazuwa and O. C. Meludu, “Determination of Emplacement Direction of Zaria Granite Batholith using the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS) Method”, Nigerian Journal of Physics 20(1), 189 (2008) - I. B. Osazuwa, A.S. Oniku and O. C. Meludu, “Preliminary Studies on Temperature Dependence of Magnetic Susceptibility of some Rocks within the Northwestern Part of Northern Nigeria Basement Complex”, Nigerian Journal of Physics 20(1), 198 (2008) - I. B. Osazuwa, J. O. Osumeje and C. C. Chiemeke, “The Delineation of Clay Substratum using Seismic Refraction Technique”, Bayero Journal of Physics and Mathematical Sciences 2, 1 (2008) PhD Theses - Stephen Onyejiuwaka Ibe, “Delineation of Structures Favourable for Valley Formation in Zaria Area of Nigeria, using Geophysical Imaging Technique”, 2008 - Gabriel Ndubuisi Egwuonwu, “Integrated Geophysical Tomography around Buildings having Foundation Defect at some Residential Sites in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria”, 2008 MPhil/ MSc Theses - Annie, Efemenna Cliton, “Combined Two-Dimensional and One-Dimensional Resistivity Survey for Groundwater in CHELTECH, Samaru, Zaria”, 2007. - Felix Afolalu A, “Detailed Ground Follow-up Survey of an Aeromagnetic Anomaly at Kajuru, ”, 2007. - Ojo, Olufemi Felix, “Two-Dimensional Electrical Imaging of the Subsurface Structure of Bomo Dam, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria”, 2007. - Inichinbia, Sonny, “Two-Dimensional Geoelectrical Resistivity Imaging of the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital (ABUTH) Premises, Shika, Zaria, Nigeria”. - Ould-Seyed, El-Khalil, “The Use of Seismic Refraction Tomography to Map the Subsurface Structure Around Bomo Dam, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria”, 2007. - Joseph Orojah Osumeje, “Correlation of Seismic Section with Geologic Bore Hole Logs in some Student Hostels at Ahmadu Bello University (Main Campus), Zaria”, 2008

Major equipment • LaCoste and Romberg G #446 gravimeter • Proton magnetometer (Scintrex, Canada) • MS 2 Magnetic Susceptibility System (Bartington; UK) • Gamma Ray Spectrometer, Disa 300 (Exploranium Geometrics) • Terrameter SAS 300B (ABEM, Sweden) • Terrameter SAS 400 (ABEM, Sweden) • Lund Imaging System (ABEM, Sweden) • VLF Electromagnetic receiver (Scintrex, Canada) • Metler Electronic balance for rock sample density determination • MK6 Terraloc 24 channel seismograph (ABEM, Sweden) • Trio 12-channel seismograph • GPS navigation equipment • PC’s and printers

Research Visits and Training (in Europe) Participant Year Research host J. Adetunji (10m)* 82/83 H. Annersten, Uppsala Univ. C. Akaolisa (4m) 2004 L. Börsting-Pedersen, Uppsala Univ. C. Akaolisa (2m) 2005 ,, ,, ,, L. A. Dim (12m) 85/86 N. G. Sjöstrand, CTH, Gothenburg L. A. Dim (4.5m) 87/88 ,, ,, ,, L. A. Dim (1m) 88/89 ,, ,, ,, L. A. Dim (4m)** 89/90 ,, ,, ,, D. A. Jatau (6m) 90/91 D. Dyrelius, Uppsala Univ. D. A. Jatau (6m)*** 91/92 H. Hobaek, Bergen Univ.Norway E. Myada (12m) 71/72 A. Vogel, Uppsala Univ. M. O. Olatinwo (10m) 85/86 L. Börsting-Pedersen, Uppsala Univ. I. B. Osazuwa (10m) 83/84 D. Dyrelius, Uppsala Univ. I. B. Osazuwa (10m) 90/91 D. Dyrelius, Uppsala Univ. I. B. Osazuwa (8m) 91/92 ,, ,, B. Sani (4.5m) 95/96 H. Hobaek, Bergen Univ.Norway B. Sani (2m) 1997 H. Hobaek, Bergen Univ.Norway M.A. Suleiman (4m) † 2004 L. Börsting-Pedersen, Uppsala Univ. M.A. Suleiman (2m)† 2005 ,, ,, ,, E. E. Udensi (4m) 2003 L. Börsting-Pedersen, Uppsala Univ. E. E. Udensi (2m) 2004 ,, ,, ,, M. N. Umego (12 m) 87/88 L. Börsting-Pedersen, Uppsala Univ. * From 1990 leader of the Mössbauer Group ** From 1990 leader of the Neutron Activation Group *** Retired 2004 † Deceased 2006

Highest Degree Obtained and Present Position Name and present position Degree Thesis Year Mr Isaac Babatunde PhD “ The Establishment of a Primary Gravity Network for Osazuwa 1985 Nigeria” Prof, Group Leader Thesis defended at Ahmadu Bello Univ., Zaria, Nigeria Mr Marius N Umego PhD “Structural Interpretation of Gravity and Aeromagnetic Prof, Nnamdi Azikiwe Univ., 1990 Anomalies over Basin, Northwestern Nigeria” Awka, Nigeria, Group Member Thesis defended at Ahmadu Bello Univ., Zaria, Nigeria Mr Lawrence A Dim* PhD “Nuclear Measurement Techniques Applied to Mineral Prof, Centre for Energy Research 1991 Genesis in the Lower and Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria” and Training, Ahmadu Bello Thesis defended at Ahmadu Bello Univ., Zaria, Nigeria Univ., Zaria, Nigeria Mufutu Olatunde Olatinwo PhD “Geoelectrical Investigation in the Northern Part of Rector, Federal Polytechnic, 1994 Kaduna State, Nigeria” Offa, Nigeria Thesis defended at Ahmadu Bello Univ., Zaria, Nigeria Emmanuel E Udensi PhD “Interpretation of the Total Magnetic Field Over the Nupe Lecturer, Federal Univ. of 2001 Basin in West Central Nigeria Using Aeoromagnetic Data” Technology, Minna, Nigeria Thesis defended at Ahmadu Bello Univ., Zaria, Nigeria Mr Casmir Zanders PhD “High Resolution Refraction Seismic Imaging Technique Akaolisa 2006 in the Investigation of Earth Dam: A Case Study of the Lecturer, Federal Univ. of Ahmadu Bello University Dam” Technology, Owerri, Nigeria Thesis defended at Ahmadu Bello Univ., Zaria, Nigeria * From 1990 leader of the Neutron Activation Group

Visits by regional scientists Scientist Year M. A. Daniyan, Federal Univ. of Technology, Minna, Nigeria 2007 J. O. Ebeniro, Univ. of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria 2006 O. C. Jegede, Ambrose Alli Univ., Ekpoma, Nigeria 2008 O.C. Meludu, Federal Univ. of Technology, Yola, Nigeria 2007, 2008 D. O. Nwachukwu, Geotechnical Consultance Nigeria Limited, 2007 Port Harcourt J. E. A. Osemekhian, Ambrose Alli Univ., Ekpoma, Nigeria 2006, 2007 E. E. Okwueze, Univ. of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria 2006 E. E. Selemon, Federal Univ. of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria 1997 G. Ugochukwu, Federal Univ. of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria 2002

Visits by non-regional cooperating scientists Scientist Year D. Dyrelius, Uppsala Univ. 86/87 G. Grosshög, CTH 86/87

Number of MSc and PhD degrees obtained from Ahmadu Bello University and present affiliations Present affiliation 2007 NUMBER PhD MSc Benin Republic North American University, Cotonou 1 Univ. of Buear, Cameroon 1 1 Univ. of Yaunde, Cameroon 1 Address unknown but back in Cameroon 1 Mauritania Ministry of Natural Resources 1 Nigeria Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 1 4 , Mubi 1 Ahmadu Bello University 7 7 Bayero University, 2 , Makurdi 1 College of Arts Science and remedial Studies, Kano 1 College of Chemical and Leather Technology, Zaria 1 1 Comprehensive High School, Zaria 1 , Otta 1 Demonstration Secondary School, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 1 Federal College of Education, Zaria 1 2 Federal Ministry of External Affairs, Abuja 1 Federal Polytechnic, Bida 1 Federal Polytechnic, Damaturu 1 Federal Polytechnic, Gombe 1 Federal Polytechnic, Idah 1 Federal Polytechnic, Offa 1 2 Federal University of Technology, Minna 1 3 Federal University of Technology, Owerri 2 3 Federal University of Technology, Yola 1 University, Gombe 1 , Kaduna 1 1 Kano State University, Wudil 1 University, Ayangba 1 Kwara State Polytechnic, Ilorin 2 National Nuclear Regulatory Authority, Ibadan 1 National Steel Raw Material Agency, Kaduna 1 Nigeria College of Aviation Technology, Zaria 1 Nigerian Army, Abuja 1 Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation, Abuja 1 Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 1 Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna 1 Number of MSc and PhD degrees obtained from Ahmadu Bello University and present affiliations, cont’d Present affiliation 2007 NUMBER PhD MSc Nuhu Bamali Polytechnic, Zaria 3 Petroleum Training Institute, Efurun 1 Shell Nigeria Exploration Production Company 1 Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 3 , Abuja 1 University of Agriculture, Abeokuta 1 , Calabar 2 , Ibadan 1 , Ilorin 1 1 , Jos 1 , Maiduguri 2 University of Port Harcourt, Harcourt 1 Usmanu Dan Fodiyo University, Sokoto 3 WRECA, Kano 1 In USA 1 Address unknown 13 TOTAL 19 88

Number of MSc and PhD degrees obtained from other Nigerian Universities but through work in cooperation with the group NIG:01 Present affiliation 2007 NUMBER PhD MSc Ambores Alli University, Ekpoma 1 Bayero University, Kano 2 Federal University of Technology, Owerri 5 University of Calabar 2 TOTAL 5 5

Arranged Conferences and Workshops - First International Training Workshop on Modern Geophysical Technique and Data Processing, June 4-10, 2006; 84 participants

Visits by IPPS staff Staff Year O. Bergman 81/82 L. Hasselgren 89/90, 95/96, 2000 L. Nordborg 86/87

Statistical Summary NIG:01 4 PhD (0F) PUBLICATIONS STUDENTS IPPS FUNDING [kSEK] 3 MSc (0F) INT. REG./LOC. CONF. PhD MSc/ PhD MSc DEV. TRAIN. REG. TOT. Tech. 1 (0F) J. J. REP. MPhil Stud. Stud. 1984 3 1 5 16 80 0 96 1985 2 1 1 6 0 0 6 1986 7 1 0 97 0 97 1987 2 4 2 (0F) 7 (0F) 25 0 0 25 1988 1 6 2 1 (0F) 4 (0F) 66 143 0 208 1989 2 18 5 3 (0F) 15 (0F) 25 0 0 25 1990 1 5 7 0 0 7 1991 2 2 1 3 39 159 0 198 1992 3 2 3 4 (0F) 11 (0F) 121 252 0 373 1993 2 2 11 0 0 11 1994 1 3 1 4 5 (0F) 19 (0F) 12 0 0 12 1995 1 2 4 (0F) 16 (0F) 10 0 0 10 1996 1 1 4 4 (0F) 20 (0F) 77 82 0 159 1997 1 1 2 2 3 15 79 30 0 109 1998 0 0 6 2 4 3 (0F) 21 (0F) 141 0 0 141 1999 0 0 0 0 5 4 (0F) 15 (0F) 7 0 0 7 2000 0 0 14 0 8 4 (0F) 16 (0F) 403 0 0 403 2001 0 0 2 2 5 6 (0F) 16 (0F) 43 0 0 43 2002 0 1 2 0 3 7 (0F) 16 (0F) 387 0 0 387 2003 0 2 4 0 1 7 (0F) 12 (0F) 525 107 0 632 2004 1 3 8 0 4 7 (0F) 13 (0F) 292 200 0 492 2005 1 2 8 1 6 9 (0F) 18 (0F) 208 47 0 255 2006 0 0 8 4 4 9 (0F) 20 (0F) 6 0 0 6 2007 0 6 18 0 5 8 (0F) 20 (0F) 357 0 0 357 2008 3 4 21 2 1 8 (0F) 29 (3F) 449 0 0 449 TOTAL 30 27 124 19 82 3312 1197 0 4508

TOTAL NUMBER OF YEARS OF REGULAR IPPS SUPPORT: 25

NIG:01 TOTAL GROUP ALLOCATIONS ACCORDING TO CATEGORY TOTAL ALLOCATIONS SEK 4.5 MILLION

Training 27%

Dev elopment 73%

NIG:01 TOTAL NUMBER OF PUBLICATIONS ACCORDING TO CATEGORY TOTAL NUMBER 282

Reg./Loc . Journals 10% Conf erenc e Reports International Journals 43% 11%

MSc /MPhil Thes es 29%

PhD Thes es 7%

NIG:01 IPPS ALLOCATIONS 1984-2008

700

600 REG. TRAIN. 500 DEV . 400 kSEK 300

200

100

0 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

YEAR

NIG:01 PUBLICATIONS 1984-2008

35 MSc / MPhil 30 PhD 25 CONF. REP. REG./LOC. J. 20 INT. J.

NUMBER 15

10

5

0 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

YEAR