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Index Page numbers in italics refer to Figures. Page numbers in bold refer to Tables. Abbeystead (Lancashire) 467, 475 Bedfordshire 312, 317, 390 Abbot’s Cliff, Folkestone slope failure (Kent) 16, 69, 73 Bedwellty colliery flow slide 109 Aberfan (South Wales) 2, 3, 3, 16, 18, 81, 106, 108 beidellite 224 Abergorchi colliery 106, 109 Beinn Alligin rock avalanche 96, 100 acid mine water 338 Belfast sleech 214 acrotelm 245 bell pits 292, 293, 294, 314, 315 actinon 433 Bellwin Scheme 147–148 active-layer detachment slides 265 Beltinge (Kent) 83 activity, quick clay 208 Ben Attow 102 adit mining 291–292 Ben Gorm (Mayo) 103, 126 Afen Slide 70, 70 Ben Lui Schist Formation 125 Airdrie (Lanarkshire) methane gas explosion 460 Ben Nevis rock fall 18 ALARP concept 149–150 Benston, Loch of, tsunami deposits 67, 71 Alaska, Lituya Bay tsunami 63 bentonite clay 11, 263 Allderman’s Hill (Derbyshire) 102 Berkshire 6–7, 8, 18, 312, 317, 318, 390, 395 alluvium, effect on radon distribution 446 Bilkely 371 Alport Castles (Derbyshire) 97 Bindon (Devon) 83, 121, 132 Alum Bay (IOW) 18, 129 biplanar compound slide 105, 107 Ampthill Clay Formation 227 Birches slide (Shropshire) 129 angle-of-draw, in coal mining subsidence 297 Birling Gap (East Sussex) 111 Anglian glaciation 259, 260, 262 Bishop Monkton (Yorkshire) 408 anhydrite see gypsum and anhydrite black shales 437, 439, 444 Anna Maria Arsenic Works (Devon) 345, 345, 346 Black Ven (Dorset) 4, 83, 97, 114 anthropogenic geohazards 10, 116–119, 132, 134 Blackbrook reservoir damage 47 Antrim County 82, 115, 119, 121, 134 Blackgang (IOW) 83, 114, 114, 117 Appley Bridge (Lancashire) 460 Blackhall (Durham) 83 Arden Sandstone Formation 406 Blackwall Tunnel (London) 5, 6 Ardyne Point 213 Blaencwm 99 area-of-influence, in coal mining subsidence 297 Blue Anchor Bay (Somerset) 83 Argyll Group, effect on radon distribution 446 Blue Anchor Formation 406 Ariake Bay Clay (Japan) 205 bog burst 96, 102, 104, 132 arsenic mining 328, 330 bog slide 104 asteroid impact, role in tsunami 65 bogflow 104, 132 attenuation 49 Bolsover landslide (Derbyshire) 119 Avachinsky, tsunamigenic activity 65 bord-and-pillar mining 292–293, 294 avalanche see snow avalanche Borrowdale Volcanics Group 264 Avonmouth (Bristol) 214 Boscombe (Dorset) 18 Bothkennar (Scotland) 215 Bacton (Norfolk) 134 boulders, subsurface 9 Ballycastle (N Ireland) 82 Bournville (Ebbw Fach, Blaina) 3, 99, 119, 121, 122 Barrow on Soar (Leicestershire) 404 Bovey Basin 327, 328 Barrow-in-Furness (Lancashire) 47, 56 Bowland, Forest of 134 Barton Clay Formation 121, 227 Bramfield (Hertfordshire) 460 Barton-on-Sea (Hampshire) 83, 108, 113 brammalite 224 bastard brining 373 Branscombe Mudstone Formation 404, 406 Baswich (Staffordshire) 378 brickearth 20, 20, 188, 285 bat roosts 353–355 characteristics 192–196, 194, 195 Bath 18, 82, 102, 129 defined 200 Beachy Head (Sussex) 83 maps 189, 190, 191 Beacon Hill (Bath) 129 terminology 192 Beaconsfield (Buckinghamshire) 399 Bridport Sands 82 Beaminster Tunnel (Dorset) 16, 18,82 Brierley Hill (West Midlands) 18, 84 Becton Sand Formation 113 Brighton Marina 135 Bedford United Mine, Cornwall 338 brine extraction and subsidence hazards 29–30, 29 480 INDEX brine springs 371 Chellaston Quarries 411 Bristol Channel 65, 68 Cheshire 390 Brotherton Formation 406, 407 salt strata 29, 29, 369, 370, 370, 371, 372, 377, 377, 378, Buckinghamshire 268, 273, 312, 390, 395, 399 383, 384 Buildwas (Shropshire) 3, 99, 99, 101, 119, 129 Cheshire Brine Subsidence Compensation Board 382 bulking, in coal mining subsidence 297 Chilton Chine (IOW) 93 buried periglacial terrains 285 China, Zhouqu debris flow 178, 179 Burnhope Seat (North Pennines) 252–253, 253 china clay, Cornwall 321, 326, 327, 331, 333, 353 Burnley (Lancashire), coal mining subsidence 294 opencast mining legacy 337, 340 Burton Bradstock (Dorset) 16, 18, 81, 82 Cilfynydd colliery flow slide 106, 109 Bury Hill (West Midlands) 18, 84 clay 7, 9, 205, 274, 276 Bwlch y Saethau rock fall 18 see also quick clay Clay Bank (Yorkshire) 99 Cadeby Formation 279, 406, 407, 408 clay minerals 224, 225, 230–231, 231, 238 Cairndow (Scotland) 164, 168, 169, 170 Clay-with-Flints, effect on radon distribution 446 California, Fairfax 467 Cleveland, dissolution features 390 cambering 102, 105, 266–267, 276–280, 278 cliff behaviour units (CBU) 106–108, 110 Camborne School of Mines 331 cliff recession 16, 81, 83,99 Cambridgeshire 312, 390 development classification 120–121, 124 Camden Crescent (Bath) 18, 82 Cligga Mine, Cornwall 329 Came Clay 215, 216 climate change, impact on debris flows 179–183 Campi Flegrei (Italy) 1 Cliveden, solution pipe 395 Canary Islands, as source for tsunami 67 Clwyd Cap 336, 337 capping 305, 306 Clyde Alluvium 214 carbonate rock dissolution (karst) 30–32, 31, 32, 268–269, Clyde Clay Formation 214 284–285, 389 Clyde raised marine deposits 217 features 392–395 coal mining characteristics 392, 394, 394, 395 hazards 7, 9, 26, 27 engineering management 395–400 managing subsidence risks 301–304 UK occurrence 389, 390, 391, 392, 393 mitigation and remediation 304–306 Carboniferous Limestone 119, 123, 436 role of engineering properties 298–299 Caribbean, as source zone for tsunami 67 subsidence classification Carmarthenshire, Cwmduad slide 18 longwall 295–298 Carnon River (Cornwall) 338, 341 room-and-pillar 293, 295 Carrickfergus (NI) 373, 380 shafts and bell pits 293 Carse Clay Formation 214, 215 subsidence prediction 299–301, 299, 300 Carsington Dam (Derbyshire) 5, 5, 261 methods Carsington Pasture (Derbyshire) karstification 2 adits, drifts, shafts 291–292, 293 Castle Hill (Kent) 3 bell pits 292, 294 catotelm 245 longwall 293 caves 392, 394, 408 room-and-pillar 292–293, 294 Cefn Glas colliery flow slide 109 UK legacy 291 celadonite 224 coalification 463 cemented layers 9 coastal flooding 12 Chale Cliff (IOW) 83, 93, 108, 114 coastal hazards 4–5 chalk 314 coastal landslides 106–108, 110 dissolution see carbonate rock dissolution cliff behaviour 120–121, 124 hazards 6–7, 8 coastal protection measures 146 engineering management 317–319 coinage 330 mining and mine characteristics 27, 28, 28, 311, 314–317 Colchester (Essex) 5, 12, 45, 47, 56 UK distribution 311–313, 312 collapse monocline 370, 372 Chalk Group 119, 389 collapsible soils 19–21 chalkangles 316, 316 collapse potential 196–197 chalkwells 315–316, 315 defined 187, 200 Chama Sand Formation 113 management 197–198 Channel Tunnel Terminal 134–135 non-engineered fills 196 channelized debris flows 19, 19, 164, 164 treating collapsibility 199 Channerwick (Shetland) 102 see also loess Chartley Moss 379 colliery spoil flow slides 106, 109 Charton Bay (Devon) 83 Colwich (Staffordshire) 378 INDEX 481 Combermere Abbey 371 case studies 356–360 complex cliffs 107–108, 110 conservation 352–353, 361 complex rock block spreads 102 derelict land problems 355 complex/composite movement, defined 85, 89, 95 planning framework 352 Composite cliff systems 107, 110, 113 remediation 353–355 compressibility, peat, hazards studies 250–253 water contamination problems 355–356 compressible ground cosmic rays 435 defined 244–245 Cotswolds 102, 119, 127, 131 hazard ratings 254, 255 Coulomb Equation 108 compressible ground potential 25 Covehithe (Suffolk) 83, 134 map 23, 244 coversand, as a geohazard 265, 268–269, 285 compression Craig y Ddelw 102 peat 246, 248 Craig-Duffryn colliery flow slide 109 subsidence hazard 260–261 Crimdon (Durham) 83 compression index, peat 247, 248, 249 Cromer (Norfolk) 83 Comrie (Perthshire) 12, 45, 53 crown hole 293, 295, 318, 318, 319 conservation work 352–353, 361 cryogenic wedges 283–284 consolidation, peat 246, 247, 248 Cuilcagh Mountains (NI) 134 contaminated land, defined 469 Cumbria 18, 134, 390 copper mining 322, 328, 330, 336–337 curved compound slide 105, 107 Cornish engine house 331, 332 Cwmduad slide 18 Cornubian Batholith 326 Cwmtillary (South Wales) 125 Cornwall china clay 321 Dalradian schist 119, 446 cliff recession 83 dams, earthquake damage 47 earthquake monitoring 42 Darlington (Yorkshire), gypsum dissolution subsidence 409–411 karst features 390 Darren Ddu landslide 102, 430 loessic deposits 188, 191 Darren Goch landslide 102, 119, 430 Looe slide 18 DART 74 mining and subsidence hazards 28–29 Dartford (Kent) 460 Newquay 18 Dawlish (Devon) 18 St Michael’s Mount 68 debris avalanche 165 tsunami events 68 debris floods 164, 166 Cornwall and Devon mining industry debris flows 18–19 environmental legacy channelized 19, 19, 164, 164 contaminated water 338, 343 defined 163, 165 flooding 343 hazard and risk assessment 172–173 opencast 336–337 hillslope (open-slope) 19, 19, 164, 164 silted estuaries 338 impacts of 178–179 tailings ponds 338 risk reduction 173–178, 178 underground 333–336.334, 335, 336 role of climate change 179–183 waste tips 337 Scotland 166, 167, 169 geological setting 322, 323 A9 Dunkeld 168, 169, 171, 173 plate tectonic setting 324 A83 Cairndow 168, 169, 170 post-Variscan magmatism and mineralization 326–328, A83 Rest and be Thankful 169, 171, 172, 176, 177, 179, 180 327, 327 A85 Glen Ogle 82, 170, 174, 175 regional structure 325–326 travel distance 142 Variscan basement 322–325 deep weathering hazards 262–265, 266–267 history 328–333 deglaciation legacy of hazards isostatic uplift 45 assessment 344 postglacial slope responses 128 desk studies 344, 344 deneholes 314–315, 315 field mapping 346, 349 Derbyshire geophysics 345–346, 347, 348 Allderman’s Hill 102 ground investigation 346, 349–350 Alport Castles 97 modelling 350, 350 Bolsover 119 monitoring 351–352 Carsington Dam 5, 5 remote sensing 344–345, 345, 346 Carsington
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