Linux Software Installation Session 2
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Beginning Portable Shell Scripting from Novice to Professional
Beginning Portable Shell Scripting From Novice to Professional Peter Seebach 10436fmfinal 1 10/23/08 10:40:24 PM Beginning Portable Shell Scripting: From Novice to Professional Copyright © 2008 by Peter Seebach All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher. ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4302-1043-6 ISBN-10 (pbk): 1-4302-1043-5 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4302-1044-3 ISBN-10 (electronic): 1-4302-1044-3 Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Lead Editor: Frank Pohlmann Technical Reviewer: Gary V. Vaughan Editorial Board: Clay Andres, Steve Anglin, Ewan Buckingham, Tony Campbell, Gary Cornell, Jonathan Gennick, Michelle Lowman, Matthew Moodie, Jeffrey Pepper, Frank Pohlmann, Ben Renow-Clarke, Dominic Shakeshaft, Matt Wade, Tom Welsh Project Manager: Richard Dal Porto Copy Editor: Kim Benbow Associate Production Director: Kari Brooks-Copony Production Editor: Katie Stence Compositor: Linda Weidemann, Wolf Creek Press Proofreader: Dan Shaw Indexer: Broccoli Information Management Cover Designer: Kurt Krames Manufacturing Director: Tom Debolski Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013. -
A First Course to Openfoam
Basic Shell Scripting Slides from Wei Feinstein HPC User Services LSU HPC & LON [email protected] September 2018 Outline • Introduction to Linux Shell • Shell Scripting Basics • Variables/Special Characters • Arithmetic Operations • Arrays • Beyond Basic Shell Scripting – Flow Control – Functions • Advanced Text Processing Commands (grep, sed, awk) Basic Shell Scripting 2 Linux System Architecture Basic Shell Scripting 3 Linux Shell What is a Shell ▪ An application running on top of the kernel and provides a command line interface to the system ▪ Process user’s commands, gather input from user and execute programs ▪ Types of shell with varied features o sh o csh o ksh o bash o tcsh Basic Shell Scripting 4 Shell Comparison Software sh csh ksh bash tcsh Programming language y y y y y Shell variables y y y y y Command alias n y y y y Command history n y y y y Filename autocompletion n y* y* y y Command line editing n n y* y y Job control n y y y y *: not by default http://www.cis.rit.edu/class/simg211/unixintro/Shell.html Basic Shell Scripting 5 What can you do with a shell? ▪ Check the current shell ▪ echo $SHELL ▪ List available shells on the system ▪ cat /etc/shells ▪ Change to another shell ▪ csh ▪ Date ▪ date ▪ wget: get online files ▪ wget https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gcc/gcc-7.1.0/gcc-7.1.0.tar.gz ▪ Compile and run applications ▪ gcc hello.c –o hello ▪ ./hello ▪ What we need to learn today? o Automation of an entire script of commands! o Use the shell script to run jobs – Write job scripts Basic Shell Scripting 6 Shell Scripting ▪ Script: a program written for a software environment to automate execution of tasks ▪ A series of shell commands put together in a file ▪ When the script is executed, those commands will be executed one line at a time automatically ▪ Shell script is interpreted, not compiled. -
Xcode Package from App Store
KH Computational Physics- 2016 Introduction Setting up your computing environment Installation • MAC or Linux are the preferred operating system in this course on scientific computing. • Windows can be used, but the most important programs must be installed – python : There is a nice package ”Enthought Python Distribution” http://www.enthought.com/products/edudownload.php – C++ and Fortran compiler – BLAS&LAPACK for linear algebra – plotting program such as gnuplot Kristjan Haule, 2016 –1– KH Computational Physics- 2016 Introduction Software for this course: Essentials: • Python, and its packages in particular numpy, scipy, matplotlib • C++ compiler such as gcc • Text editor for coding (for example Emacs, Aquamacs, Enthought’s IDLE) • make to execute makefiles Highly Recommended: • Fortran compiler, such as gfortran or intel fortran • BLAS& LAPACK library for linear algebra (most likely provided by vendor) • open mp enabled fortran and C++ compiler Useful: • gnuplot for fast plotting. • gsl (Gnu scientific library) for implementation of various scientific algorithms. Kristjan Haule, 2016 –2– KH Computational Physics- 2016 Introduction Installation on MAC • Install Xcode package from App Store. • Install ‘‘Command Line Tools’’ from Apple’s software site. For Mavericks and lafter, open Xcode program, and choose from the menu Xcode -> Open Developer Tool -> More Developer Tools... You will be linked to the Apple page that allows you to access downloads for Xcode. You wil have to register as a developer (free). Search for the Xcode Command Line Tools in the search box in the upper left. Download and install the correct version of the Command Line Tools, for example for OS ”El Capitan” and Xcode 7.2, Kristjan Haule, 2016 –3– KH Computational Physics- 2016 Introduction you need Command Line Tools OS X 10.11 for Xcode 7.2 Apple’s Xcode contains many libraries and compilers for Mac systems. -
Installing and Running Tensorflow
Installing and Running Tensorflow DOWNLOAD AND INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS TensorFlow is now distributed under an Apache v2 open source license on GitHub. STEP 1. INSTALL NVIDIA CUDA To use TensorFlow with NVIDIA GPUs, the first step is to install the CUDA Toolkit. STEP 2. INSTALL NVIDIA CUDNN Once the CUDA Toolkit is installed, download cuDNN v5.1 Library for Linux (note that you will need to register for the Accelerated Computing Developer Program). Once downloaded, uncompress the files and copy them into the CUDA Toolkit directory (assumed here to be in /usr/local/cuda/): $ sudo tar -xvf cudnn-8.0-linux-x64-v5.1-rc.tgz -C /usr/local STEP 3. INSTALL AND UPGRADE PIP TensorFlow itself can be installed using the pip package manager. First, make sure that your system has pip installed and updated: $ sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev $ pip install --upgrade pip STEP 4. INSTALL BAZEL To build TensorFlow from source, the Bazel build system must first be installed as follows. Full details are available here. $ sudo apt-get install software-properties-common swig $ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer $ echo "deb http://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt stable jdk1.8" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/bazel.list $ curl https://storage.googleapis.com/bazel-apt/doc/apt-key.pub.gpg | sudo apt-key add - $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install bazel STEP 5. INSTALL TENSORFLOW To obtain the best performance with TensorFlow we recommend building it from source. First, clone the TensorFlow source code repository: $ git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow $ cd tensorflow $ git reset --hard 70de76e Then run the configure script as follows: $ ./configure Please specify the location of python. -
Fpm Documentation Release 1.7.0
fpm Documentation Release 1.7.0 Jordan Sissel Sep 08, 2017 Contents 1 Backstory 3 2 The Solution - FPM 5 3 Things that should work 7 4 Table of Contents 9 4.1 What is FPM?..............................................9 4.2 Installation................................................ 10 4.3 Use Cases................................................. 11 4.4 Packages................................................. 13 4.5 Want to contribute? Or need help?.................................... 21 4.6 Release Notes and Change Log..................................... 22 i ii fpm Documentation, Release 1.7.0 Note: The documentation here is a work-in-progress. If you want to contribute new docs or report problems, I invite you to do so on the project issue tracker. The goal of fpm is to make it easy and quick to build packages such as rpms, debs, OSX packages, etc. fpm, as a project, exists with the following principles in mind: • If fpm is not helping you make packages easily, then there is a bug in fpm. • If you are having a bad time with fpm, then there is a bug in fpm. • If the documentation is confusing, then this is a bug in fpm. If there is a bug in fpm, then we can work together to fix it. If you wish to report a bug/problem/whatever, I welcome you to do on the project issue tracker. You can find out how to use fpm in the documentation. Contents 1 fpm Documentation, Release 1.7.0 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Backstory Sometimes packaging is done wrong (because you can’t do it right for all situations), but small tweaks can fix it. -
Ten Steps to Linux Survival
Ten Steps to Linux Survival Bash for Windows People Jim Lehmer 2015 Steps List of Figures 5 -1 Introduction 13 Batteries Not Included .............................. 14 Please, Give (Suggestions) Generously ...................... 15 Why? ........................................ 15 Caveat Administrator ............................... 17 Conventions .................................... 17 How to Get There from Here ........................... 19 Acknowledgments ................................. 20 0 Some History 21 Why Does This Matter? .............................. 23 Panic at the Distro ................................. 25 Get Embed With Me ................................ 26 Cygwin ....................................... 26 1 Come Out of Your Shell 29 bash Built-Ins .................................... 30 Everything You Know is (Almost) Wrong ..................... 32 You’re a Product of Your Environment (Variables) . 35 Who Am I? .................................. 36 Paths (a Part of Any Balanced Shrubbery) .................... 37 Open Your Shell and Interact ........................... 38 Getting Lazy .................................... 39 2 File Under ”Directories” 43 Looking at Files .................................. 44 A Brief Detour Around Parameters ........................ 46 More Poking at Files ............................... 47 Sorting Things Out ................................ 51 Rearranging Deck Chairs ............................. 55 Making Files Disappear .............................. 56 2 touch Me ..................................... -
Greetings from Slackbuilds.Org
Greetings from SlackBuilds.org David Spencer pkgsrcCon 2017 About SBo 11 years old conventional ports-inspired setup ● from source ftw ● shell script + metadata ~6500 packages disjoint from core Slackware (~1400 packages) lightweight project one new server, one old server About SBo ~250 maintainers active in last year ~12500 commits in last year no bugtracker no CI ● Infrastructure is a productivity killer ● Aggressively reductionist on dep management ● Vanilla from upstream, patch only when needed ● Don’t split packages ● git git baby About SBo submissions are open ambition to submit ‘something’ is a thing maintainers drop in and drop out review must be sympathetic volunteers are a pipeline not a funnel don’t crush people’s dreams maintainer is expert on the software reviewer (admin) is expert on good packaging no room for style variations About SBo Education needs to be a thing No time in review feedback hurts, doesn’t scale Currently done on mailing list & forum ● CI as education Listening systemd refugees rolling release ● stable versus current out of date / security / unmaintained upstream disappearing SBo maintainers disappearing sources and projects ● repology ● keeps mailing list active Happy community Users helping each other Tools Satellite projects Package all the obscure things ● if it exists it will attract users Unopened letter to the world Need to educate upstreams proper releases with proper tarballs don’t move or delete old tarballs learn to write a decent Makefile no, I don’t want your stinking CFLAGS don’t use -Werror -
Automating Admin Tasks Using Shell Scripts and Cron Vijay Kumar Adhikari
AutomatingAutomating adminadmin taskstasks usingusing shellshell scriptsscripts andand croncron VijayVijay KumarKumar AdhikariAdhikari vijayvijay@@kcmkcm..eduedu..npnp HowHow dodo wewe go?go? IntroductionIntroduction toto shellshell scriptsscripts ExampleExample scriptsscripts IntroduceIntroduce conceptsconcepts atat wewe encounterencounter themthem inin examplesexamples IntroductionIntroduction toto croncron tooltool ExamplesExamples ShellShell The “Shell” is a program which provides a basic human-OS interface. Two main ‘flavors’ of Shells: – sh, or bourne shell. It’s derivatives include ksh (korn shell) and now, the most widely used, bash (bourne again shell). – csh or C-shell. Widely used form is the very popular tcsh. – We will be talking about bash today. shsh scriptscript syntaxsyntax The first line of a sh script must (should?) start as follows: #!/bin/sh (shebang, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang ) Simple unix commands and other structures follow. Any unquoted # is treated as the beginning of a comment until end-of-line Environment variables are $EXPANDED “Back-tick” subshells are executed and `expanded` HelloHello WorldWorld scriptscript #!/bin/bash #Prints “Hello World” and exists echo “Hello World” echo “$USER, your current directory is $PWD” echo `ls` exit #Clean way to exit a shell script ---------------------------------------- To run i. sh hello.sh ii. chmod +x hello.sh ./hello.sh VariablesVariables MESSAGE="Hello World“ #no $ SHORT_MESSAGE=hi NUMBER=1 PI=3.142 OTHER_PI="3.142“ MIXED=123abc new_var=$PI echo $OTHER_PI # $ precedes when using the var Notice that there is no space before and after the ‘=‘. VariablesVariables contcont…… #!/bin/bash echo "What is your name?" read USER_NAME # Input from user echo "Hello $USER_NAME" echo "I will create you a file called ${USER_NAME}_file" touch "${USER_NAME}_file" -------------------------------------- Exercise: Write a script that upon invocation shows the time and date and lists all logged-in users. -
Java 11 Single-File Applications
Java 11 Single-File Applications Replacing bash with a syntax I actually know Steve Corwin Corwin Technology LLC Why use Java instead of shell script? Frustration. # ...working shell script... VALUES=($RESULTS) V500S=${VALUES[0]} V504S=${VALUES[1]} COUNT500S=$(echo "${V500S//[$'\t\r\n ']}") COUNT504S=$(echo "${V504S//[$'\t\r\n ']}") echo "\"$SERVER\", \"$COUNT500S\", \"$COUNT504S\"" Basics of single-file applications JEP 330: https://openjdk.java.net/jeps/330 • Java 11 • Java app where everything is within a single file, including public static void main(String[] args) { • invoke using java or shebang Begin with HelloWorld (where else?) public class HelloWorld { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world! I am a plain .java file!"); } } $ /home/scorwin/apps/java/jdk- 11.0.1/bin/java HelloWorld.java • standard main() method • my default is Java 8 Shebang HelloWorldShebang: #!/home/scorwin/apps/java/jdk-11.0.1/bin/java -- source 11 public class HelloWorldShebang { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world! I have a shebang but no file extension."); } } $ ./HelloWorldShebang • shebang must include --source option • file must be marked executable • Eclipse doesn’t recognize as Java code Shebang with .java HelloWorldShebang.java: //#!/home/scorwin/apps/java/jdk-11.0.1/bin/java -- source 11 public class HelloWorldShebang { public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println("Hello, world! I have a shebang and a file extension."); } } • with the shebang line commented out: -
Khal Documentation Release 0.9.1
khal Documentation Release 0.9.1 Christan Geier et al. January 25, 2017 Contents 1 Features 3 2 Table of Contents 5 i ii khal Documentation, Release 0.9.1 Khal is a standards based CLI (console) calendar program, able to synchronize with CalDAV servers through vdirsyncer. Contents 1 khal Documentation, Release 0.9.1 2 Contents CHAPTER 1 Features (or rather: limitations) • khal can read and write events/icalendars to vdir, so vdirsyncer can be used to synchronize calendars with a variety of other programs, for example CalDAV servers. • fast and easy way to add new events • ikhal (interactive khal) lets you browse and edit calendars and events • only rudimentary support for creating and editing recursion rules • you cannot edit the timezones of events • works with python 3.3+ • khal should run on all major operating systems 1 1 except for Microsoft Windows 3 khal Documentation, Release 0.9.1 4 Chapter 1. Features CHAPTER 2 Table of Contents 2.1 Installation If khal is packaged for your OS/distribution, using your system’s standard package manager is probably the easiest way to install khal. khal has been packaged for, among others: Arch Linux (stable and development versions), Debian, Fedora, FreeBSD, Guix, and pkgsrc. If a package isn’t available (or it is outdated) you need to fall back to one of the methods mentioned below. 2.1.1 Install via Python’s Package Managers Since khal is written in python, you can use one of the package managers available to install python packages, e.g. pip. You can install the latest released version of khal by executing: pip install khal or the latest development version by executing: pip install git+git://github.com/pimutils/khal.git This should also take care of installing all required dependencies. -
Tour of the Terminal: Using Unix Or Mac OS X Command-Line
Tour of the Terminal: Using Unix or Mac OS X Command-Line hostabc.princeton.edu% date Mon May 5 09:30:00 EDT 2014 hostabc.princeton.edu% who | wc –l 12 hostabc.princeton.edu% Dawn Koffman Office of Population Research Princeton University May 2014 Tour of the Terminal: Using Unix or Mac OS X Command Line • Introduction • Files • Directories • Commands • Shell Programs • Stream Editor: sed 2 Introduction • Operating Systems • Command-Line Interface • Shell • Unix Philosophy • Command Execution Cycle • Command History 3 Command-Line Interface user operating system computer (human ) (software) (hardware) command- programs kernel line (text (manages interface editors, computing compilers, resources: commands - memory for working - hard-drive cpu with file - time) memory system, point-and- hard-drive many other click (gui) utilites) interface 4 Comparison command-line interface point-and-click interface - may have steeper learning curve, - may be more intuitive, BUT provides constructs that can BUT can also be much more make many tasks very easy human-manual-labor intensive - scales up very well when - often does not scale up well when have lots of: have lots of: data data programs programs tasks to accomplish tasks to accomplish 5 Shell Command-line interface provided by Unix and Mac OS X is called a shell a shell: - prompts user for commands - interprets user commands - passes them onto the rest of the operating system which is hidden from the user How do you access a shell ? - if you have an account on a machine running Unix or Linux , just log in. A default shell will be running. - if you are using a Mac, run the Terminal app. -
NRPE: Unable to Read Output
NRPE - NRPE: Unable To Read Output Article Number: 620 | Rating: 3.3/5 from 7 votes | Last Updated: Mon, Jul 17, 2017 at 12:35 AM Pr o ble m De s c r ipt io n This KB article addresses the following NRPE error: NRPE: Unable To Read Output As s ume d Kno wle dge The following KB article contains an explanation of how NRPE works and may need to be referenced to completely understand the problem and solution that is provided here: NRPE - Agent and Plugin Explained Tr o uble s ho o t ing The Er r o r This error implies that NRPE did not return any character output. Common causes are incorrect plugin paths in the nrpe.cfg file or that the remote host does not have NRPE installed. There are also cases where the wrong interpreter is invoked when running the remote plugin. Rarely, it is caused by trying to run a plugin that requires root privileges. Inc orre c t Plugin Pat hs Log onto the remote host as root and check the plugin paths in /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg. Try to browse to the plugin folder and make sure the plugins are listed. Sometimes when installing from a package repo, the commands in nrpe.cfg will have a path to a distribution specific location. If the nagios-plugins package was installed from source or moved over from another remote host, they me be located in a different directory. The default location for the nagios-plugins can be found at /usr/local/nagios/libexec/.