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Integrated Pest Management of Leaf Miner, Aproaerema Modicella in Research Groundnut Ecosystem

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Integrated Pest Management of Leaf Miner, Aproaerema Modicella in Research Groundnut Ecosystem Popular Article Journal Home: www.bioticainternational.com Article: RT644 How to cite this article? Biotica Muthu and Yogapriya, 2021. Integrated Pest Management of Leaf miner, Aproaerema modicella in Research Groundnut Ecosystem. Biotica Research Today 3(6): Today [526-527. [ 526 Abstract Vol 3:6 roundnut (Arachis hypogeae L., Fabaceae) is the major oilseed 2021 527 crop. It is a legume crop cultivated mainly for its edible seeds. GIt is a valuable cash crop for millions of small scale farmers. In India groundnut is a principal oilseed crop which has high nutritional Integrated Pest value. Seeds are rich source of edible cooking oil (43-55%), protein (25-28%), vitamins E, K and B. Byproduct groundnut cake is used Management of Leaf as animal feed. Groundnut is grown in India on an area of 5.98 million hectare with a production of 4.98 million tonnes of pod per miner, Aproaerema annum with an average productivity of 860 kg/ha. The groundnut leaf miner Aproaerema modicella, causes more than 50% yield loss. modicella in Groundnut Newly hatched green caterpillar made short blisters like mines into Ecosystem leaflets and feed on the mesophyll layer of leaf tissues which results in brownish dried up patches. Later instar larva web the leaflets Muthu R.1 and A. Yogapriya2* together and feed on the greenish tissues by remaining inside. 1Dept. of Agricultural Entomology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu (641 003), India Introduction 2 Dept. of Entomology, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, roundnut is a legume crop cultivated mainly for its Tamil Nadu (608 002), India edible seeds which is also known as nilakkadalai, Gpeanut, monkey nut, pinder and goober. Groundnut (Arachis hypogeae L., Fabaceae) is the major oilseed crop, which is grown on all over the world. Groundnut grows well in Open Access tropical and sub tropical regions of the world especially India, Pakistan, Srilanka, Myanmar and South Africa. It is a valuable Corresponding Author cash crop for millions of small scale farmers. In India groundnut A. Yogapriya is a principal oilseed crop which has high nutritional value. e-mail: [email protected] Seeds are rich source of edible cooking oil (43-55%), protein (25-28%), vitamins like E, K and B. Byproduct groundnut cake was obtained after extraction of oil from seed which has rich Keywords source of protein which is used as animal feed. Groundnut is grown in eleven states of India on an area of 5.98 million Aproaerema modicella, Groundnut, Integrated pest hectare with a production of 4.98 million tonnes of pod per management, Rainfed crop annum with an average productivity of 860 kg/ha. The major groundnut growing areas are Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra accounting more than 80 percent of the total area and production (Krishna Naiket al., 2020). The production was quite so high but in the aspect of farmers field production was quite low because of its incidence of pests and diseases. The groundnut leaf miner Aproaerema modicella, causes more than 50% yield loss to the crop particularly in rainfed condition of Tamil Nadu (Pazhanisamy and Hariprasad, 2014). About 80% of the groundnut area in the country is rain dependent and the productivity is very low Article History compared to irrigated groundnut. A. modicella infestations are Received in 21st June 2021 most serious when they damage the growing points of young Received in revised form 24th June 2021 plants, thereby reducing growth and pod yield of the plant. Accepted in final form 25th June 2021 Host range: It causes damage on Groundnut, Soybean and Red gram crops. E-mail: [email protected] © 2021 526 Muthu and Yogapriya, 2021 Bionomics PM at ground level to monitor pest population. • Practice mulching with rice straw which may reduce the leaf Common name: Leaf miner miner incidence. Scientific name: Aproaerema modicella • Maintain the field free from weeds and avoid the water stress Family: Gelechiidae in irrigated crop to reduce the pest population. Order: Lepidoptera • Practice crop rotation with crops like maize, cotton and • Egg: Eggs of the leaf miner are shiny white in colour and are sorghum to reduce the leaf miner incidence and give better laid singly on lower side of the leaflets. yield. • Larva: Larva are light green or brown in colour with dark Biological Control head and prothorax. onserve the natural enemies like spider, praying • Pupa: Pupae are reddish brown in colour and pupate in white mantids, ants, ladybird beetlesetc. Intercropping with silken cocoon within the webbed leaflets. Cpearl-millet will increase the Goniozus spp. parasitoid population which parasitizes the leaf miner pest population. • Adult: Adult leaf miner is a tiny moth, measures about 6mm in long with 10 mm wingspan. White dots present on the Chemical Control costal region of wing. lways prefer an integrated approach with cultural Total life cycle is completed within 20-25 days (Shanower et and biological control treatments. Chemical control al., 1993). Ais recommended when pest reaches the Economic Threshold Level. Symptom of Damage Application of following insecticides reduces the leaf roundnut leaf miner (GLM) causes damage on miner infestation viz., Deltamethrin 02.80% EC or Lambda- leguminous host plants which is a serious pest of cyhalothrin 05.00% EC or Quinalphos 25.00% EC. Ggroundnut in both rainy and post rainy season in India. Conclusion Based on the genotype of a plant, losses vary from 24 to 92 percent damage to the crop. It mainly prefers rainfed crop roundnut leaf miner A. modicella cause severe damage and bunch type of groundnut. Initially newly hatched green from September to November to the rainfed crop caterpillar made short blisters like mines into leaflets and and during March and April to the irrigated crop. feed on the mesophyll layer of leaf tissues which results in G Management of leaf miner incidence increases the yield of a brownish dried up patches. Later instar larva web the leaflets crop. Based on weather factors, use appropriate integrated together and feed on the greenish tissues by remaining inside. pest management practices for effective management of leaf Resting stage pupae can be seen inside the mine or within the miner. folded leaflets. Extremely infested cultivated area gives burnt appearance (Ranga Rao and Rameshwar Rao, 2013). Due to References infestation reduction of pod yield occurs because it reduces Krishna Naik, L, Ashoka, P, Veeranna, R, Gundannavar, K.P., the photosynthetically active leaf area thereby peg formation 2020. Survey and management of groundnut leafminer is also affected. Aproarema modicella (Deventer) in different parts of In which stage management action should be taken/ ETL: Haveri district, Karnataka. Journal of Entomology and If presence of one larva per plant after 30 DAS or ten larvae Zoology Studies 8(4), 1363-1364. per plant at 50 DAS or 15 larvae per plant at 75 DAS means Pazhanisamy, M., Hariprasad, Y., 2014. Seasonal incidence management action should be taken. of leaf miner, Aproaerema modicella (deventer) in groundnut ecosystem in ariyalur district of Tamil Nadu, Integrated Pest Management India. Plant Archives 14(1), 55-58. Cultural Control Ranga Rao, G.V., Rameshwar Rao, V., 2013. Handbook on Groundnut Insect Pests Identification and Management. • Grow resistant cultivars like ICGV 86031, ICGS 156 (M 13), Information Bulletin No. 39, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh FDRS 10, ICG 57, 156, 541, 7016, 7404, 9883 that can give 502 324, India: International Crops Research Institute for better yield in areas of high leaf miner incidence. the Semi-Arid Tropics, p. 88. • Intercrop groundnut with pearl millet or cow pea at 4:1 ratio. Shanower, T.G., Wightman, J.A., Gutierrez, A.P., 1993. Biology • Plant early to escape the late infestation and synchronously and control of the groundnut leafminer, Aproaerema in rainy and rabi season. modicella (Deventer) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Crop Protection 12, 3-10. • Set up light traps to attract adult moth between 8 and 11 © 2021 527.
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