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Welcome to a Free Reading from Washington History: Magazine of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C Welcome to a free reading from Washington History: Magazine of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C. We hope this essay will help you fill unexpected idle hours and provide food for thought and discussion. As many are enjoying spring and the optimistic return to gardening, this essay looks at an early pioneer of landscape architecture. “Remarkable Foundations: Rose Ishbel Greely, Landscape Architect,” by Joanne Seale Lawson, first appeared in Washington History vol. 10, no.1 (spring/summer 1998) © Historical Society of Washington, D.C. Access via JSTOR* to the entire run of Washington History and its predecessor, Records of the Columbia Historical Society, is a benefit of membership in the Historical Society of Washington, D.C. at the Membership Plus level. Copies of this and many other back issues of Washington History magazine are available for purchase online through the DC History Center Store: https://dchistory.z2systems.com/np/clients/dchistory/giftstore.jsp ABOUT THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, D.C. The Historical Society of Washington, D.C., is a non-profit, 501(c)(3), community-supported educational and research organization that collects, interprets, and shares the history of our nation's capital in order to promote a sense of identity, place and pride in our city and preserve its heritage for future generations. Founded in 1894, the Historical Society serves a diverse audience through its collections, public programs, exhibitions, and publications. It welcomes visitors to its new home, the DC History Center is, on the second floor of the historic Carnegie Library. At present, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the DC History Center is closed. The Historical Society staff is working remotely to keep you connected to D.C. history, and looks forward to welcoming you back once the danger has passed. * JSTOR is an online resource that digitizes scholarly research. Academic institutions typically provide organizational access to all of JSTOR’s holdings through their libraries. The Historical Society Membership Plus conveys access to our publications only. The Georgetown garden of landscape architect Rose Ishbel Greely, located at 3131 O Street, N. W., is an excellent example of her preference for a mixture of Beaux-Arts style and Arts and Crafts style garden design. The Beaux- Arts style is seen in her emphasis on circulation and form, while the details such as the handblown green glass bottle and bronze frogs are typical of Arts and Crafts design. For 40 years Greely was one of the few female landscape architects working in Washington. A pioneering professional, she received commissions to work on elite private homes and country estates as well as public housing projects and military installations. Courtesy, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. John Greely. 46 Remarkable Foundations Rose Ishbel Greely, Landscape Architect by Joanne Seale Lawson Ishbel Greely was a pioneer Her work represents an eclectic combi- landscape architect whose work nation of the architectonic, formal, academic reflected the artistic currents of her Beaux- Arts tradition and an Arts and Crafts time. Based in Washington, D.C., Greely was use of regional styles, native plant materials, one of few landscape architects - and one of color theory, and craft details. Although very few female landscape architects - work- trained in architecture and landscape archi- ing in the mid-Atlantic states in the first half tecture, she was not rigidly committed to ei- of the twentieth century. Trained in architec- ther. Rather, she brought them together to ture and landscape architecture, Greely wit- produce well-built and well-planted gardens nessed dramatic changes in American archi- that both dominated and blended with their tecture, planning, and lifestyles during her natural surroundings. 40-year career. When she began her practice Before 1899, landscapes had been laid out in 1925, most landscape architects designed by architects and planted by gardeners or plans for grand estate gardens or cities and nurserymen. The American Society of Land- parks. By the time of her death in 1969, the scape Architecture (ASLA), of which Greely field had expanded to include suburban and was an early member, was founded in New urban property design, subdivision plan- York City in 1899 by ten men, including ning, recreational design, conservation, and Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., and Warren habitat restoration. Although Greely worked Manning, and one woman, Beatrix Jones on a range of projects throughout her career, Farrand. Olmsted, who conceived of the pro- she primarily designed city and suburban fession, designed thousands of commissions, gardens and country estates for Washing- including Central Park in New York City and ton's prominent citizens, as well as country the grounds of the Capitol and the National estates in Virginia, Maryland, and farther Cathedral in Washington. Warren Manning, afield in New England and New Mexico.1 another pillar of the profession and son of a prominent mid-western nurseryman, had recognized the limitations of training avail- Notes begin on page 94. able in both architecture and landscape de- 47 Washington History, Spring/ Summer 1998 The family of Adolphus W. Greely, Arctic explorer and military hero, poses in the garden of their Washington home at 1914 G Street, N.W., in 1892. Young Rose is seated in her father's lap. In the back row from left are Antoinette, Adola, John (with hair ribbon), and mother Henrietta holding baby Gertrude. Seated at center is young Dolph. Courtesy, CMMJG. 48 Remarkable Foundations sign and moved to coordinate them under father came back from one of his expeditions the rubric of landscape architecture. Farrand and gave her his collection of Arctic mosses designed the Princeton and Yale campuses and flowers. She later became intrigued with and grand estate gardens across the country, farming and took short courses at the Mary- including Dumbarton Oaks garden and park land Agricultural College to learn how to in Washington in the 1920s and 1930s. In raise potatoes in New Hampshire, where her 1924, when Greely was just about to move family had a summer place on Lake Con way. back to Washington, ASLA had 46 members; She also had a strong drive to design, but like today it has 12,000.2 many early practitioners of landscape archi- Until she decided to pursue a career, tecture before her, she could not find the right Greely led a life fairly typical of a young medium. woman of her class. She was born in Wash- Rather than opting for college after high ington on February 18, 1887, one of six chil- school, Greely studied a variety of art disci- dren. Her father, General Adolphus W. plines at several institutions beginning with Greely, was an Arctic explorer, a founder aof year of interior decorating at the Art Insti- the National Geographic Society and the tute of Chicago. She followed this with two Cosmos Club, and a Congressional Medal ofyears of metal work in Washington, D.C., Honor winner. Her mother was Henrietta C. and a year's study of silver repousse and H. Nesmith Greely, who came from a promi- enameling on metal in Florence, Italy. She nent West Coast family. As a child, Greely enjoyed metalwork but decided she lacked traveled with her peripatetic military fam- the talent to continue. An elegant writer, she ily. After attending school at Abbott Acad- published poems in Harper's, Youth's Compan- emy in Andover, Massachusetts, and Na- ion, and local publications. Finally, in 1916 tional Cathedral School for Girls in she decided to enroll in the newly opened Washington, she completed a year of Cambridge finish- School of Domestic and Land- ing school at Finch School in New York scape City Architecture for Women, where she in 1905. Upon graduation, she made combinedher de- her enthusiasm for design and hor- but in Washington and later traveled withticulture her in a landscape architecture program. family in Europe, Central America, and ThoughAsia, none of the practitioners born a two-year sojourn marking General Greely' before thes turn of the century could have re- retirement. As a result of her father's ceived mili- a university education in landscape tary career and her family's prominence, architecture, she in 1900 training became avail- was ensured social position and a comfort- able for men only when Frederick Law able life at her parents' home at 1914 GOlmsted, Street, Jr., established a program at N. W. Nevertheless, money was always Harvard. tight, The majority of women entering and encouraged by her father, who thebelieved field continued to be self-taught or that women should be educated and inde- guided by male mentors while working as pendent, she chose to work. Because she draftsmen in large offices. The educational remained single and self-supporting, she was background of Greely's peers was typical. On fortunate that her family's social circle of- the East Coast, Beatrix Jones Farrand found fered numerous business opportunities. mentors in her aunt Edith Wharton, author According to an interview in Christian of Italian Villas and Their Gardens, and Charles Science Monitor, Greely once recalled that, al- Sargent, first director of the Arnold Arbore- though she did not recognize it until years tum. Ellen Shipman was self-trained with the later, her interest in plants began at an early help of her architect friend Charles Platt; age.3 At age six, for example, she started Martha a Brookes Hutcheson, a pioneer in the collection of pressed leaves and flowers. Atfield, attended the Massachusetts Institute of ten her interest expanded further, when her Technology against her family's wishes; and 49 Washington History, Spring /Summer 1998 Marian Coffin, the designer of Henry Greely had not attended college, she was in- DuPont's Winterthur gardens, was the only eligible for the degree.) The school was dis- woman in MIT's class of 1904.
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