City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 5-2019 The Feminization of Prehistory: Evidence for the Emergence of Complex Modern Behaviors before c.70,000 Years Ago Jeffrey Vreeland The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/3193 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact:
[email protected] The FEMINIZATION of PREHISTORY: EVIDENCE for the EMERGENCE of COMPLEX MODERN BEHAVIORS BEFORE c.70,000 YEARS AGO. by JEFFREY VREELAND A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2019 THE FEMINIZATION of PREHISTORY © 2019 JEFFREY VREELAND All Rights Reserved The FEMINIZATION of PREHISTORY: EVIDENCE for the EMERGENCE of COMPLEX MODERN BEHAVIORS BEFORE c.70,000 YEARS AGO. by Jeffrey Vreeland This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. Date Anna Stetsenko Thesis Advisor Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT The FEMINIZATION of PREHISTORY: EVIDENCE for the EMERGENCE of COMPLEX MODERN BEHAVIORS BEFORE c.70,000 YEARS AGO. by Jeffrey Vreeland Advisor: Anna Stetsenko This thesis seeks to understand the relationship between environmental, genetic, and physiological changes that were concurrent with the emergence of complex modern behaviors and the morphing of archaic Homo sapiens into anatomically modern humans, between c.