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The Globalization of Markets and Regional Integration
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Welfens, Paul J. J. Article — Digitized Version The globalization of markets and regional integration Intereconomics Suggested Citation: Welfens, Paul J. J. (1989) : The globalization of markets and regional integration, Intereconomics, ISSN 0020-5346, Verlag Weltarchiv, Hamburg, Vol. 24, Iss. 6, pp. 273-281, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02924734 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/140211 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION Paul J. J. Welfens* The Globalization of Markets and Regional Integration The 1980s have witnessed the globalization of markets and an intensified international competition. The rise of the newly industrializing countries and the growth of multinational enterprises - developing parallely to foreign direct investments - have contributed considerably to this trend. -
Role and Function of Regional Blocs and Arrangements in the Formation of the Islamic Common Market
Journal of Economic Cooperation 21 , 4 (2000) 1-28 ROLE AND FUNCTION OF REGIONAL BLOCS AND ARRANGEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF THE ISLAMIC COMMON MARKET ∗ Oker Gürler The present study aims to examine the role and function of regional blocs and trade arrangements in the formation of the Islamic Common Market. For this purpose, it provides, first of all, a conceptual background on regional economic groupings. Then, it evaluates the regional economic groupings and trade arrangements formed amongst the member countries of the OIC. Based on this framework, the paper discusses, in detail, the possible role and function of regional economic groupings and trade arrangements in the formation of the Islamic Common Market or any other form of economic integration. At the end, it gives concluding remarks on the topic. 1. INTRODUCTION In the 1990s, regionalisation efforts increased considerably at the global scale. This new wave of regionalisation was mostly affected by the achievements of the European countries in creating first a common market and then a monetary and economic union amongst themselves. Since its establishment, the European Union (EU) has grown greatly in terms of its membership, its economic and political influence, and its organisational infrastructure. Starting with only six member states, its membership has now reached fifteen. Furthermore, more countries are waiting at the doorstep of the Union. On the other hand, the Maastricht Summit (9-10 December 1991) was a very important turning point in the history of the EU. The member countries agreed on the Treaty on the European Union aiming to develop the European Community into an Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and to introduce a single European currency by 1999 at the latest. -
Rediscovering the Arab Dimension of Middle East Regional Politics
Review of International Studies page 1 of 22 2011 British International Studies Association doi:10.1017/S0260210511000283 The New Arab Cold War: rediscovering the Arab dimension of Middle East regional politics MORTEN VALBJØRN AND ANDRÉ BANK* Abstract. This article provides a conceptual lens for and a thick interpretation of the emergent regional constellation in the Middle East in the first decade of the 21st century. It starts out by challenging two prevalent claims about regional politics in the context of the 2006 Lebanon and 2008–09 Gaza Wars: Firstly, that regional politics is marked by a fundamental break from the ‘old Middle East’ and secondly, that it has become ‘post-Arab’ in the sense that Arab politics has ceased being distinctly Arab. Against this background, the article develops the understanding of a New Arab Cold War which accentuates the still important, but widely neglected Arab dimension in regional politics. By rediscovering the Arab Cold War of the 1950–60s and by drawing attention to the transformation of Arab nationalism and the importance of new trans-Arab media, the New Arab Cold War perspective aims at supplementing rather that supplanting the prominent moderate-radical, sectarian and Realist-Westphalian narratives. By highlighting dimensions of both continuity and change it does moreover provide some critical nuances to the frequent claims about the ‘newness’ of the ‘New Middle East’. In addition to this more Middle East-specific contribution, the article carries lessons for a number of more general debates in International Relations theory concerning the importance of (Arab-Islamist) non-state actors and competing identities in regional politics as well as the interplay between different forms of sovereignty. -
26Th Arab League Summit in Egypt
26th Arab League Summit in Egypt Date: March 2015 In the name of God The Most Merciful, the Most Compassionate Your Excellency President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, Your Majesties and Highnesses, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, At the outset I would like to express my deep appreciation to the president, government and people of the sisterly Arab Republic of Egypt for the efforts to render this summit a success and for the warm reception and generous hospitality. I also extend thanks and appreciation to my big brother His Highness Sheikh Sabah Al-Ahmad Al- Jaber Al-Sabah, Amir of the State of Kuwait for his sincere and constructive efforts during his presidency of the previous summit. I would like to congratulate ourselves and the brotherly people of Oman on the occasion of the auspicious return of His Majesty our brother Sultan Qabus bin Saeed safe and sound wishing His Majesty continued good health and wellbeing. Thanks also go to His Excellency Dr. Nabil Elaraby, Secretary-General of the Arab League and all his assistants for their tireless efforts to serve the joint Arab action. Your Majesties, Excellencies and Highnesses, This summit is held amid a complex regional and international situations and serious challenges facing our Arab Umma. The Palestinian cause comes in the forefront of these challenges. Peace, stability and security could only be achieved in our region by reaching a just and comprehensive peace based on the resolutions of international and Arab legitimacy and in accordance with the principle of Two-State Solution. A just and comprehensive peace is our strategic choice that we have maintained for decades, yet the peace process is not only at a standstill for more than twenty years, but unfortunately has also persistently moved backward. -
Pan-Arabism and Identity Politics: a Between Case Study
Pan-Arabism and Identity Politics: A between case study design of Iraq 1952-1977 Alex Iliopoulos Master Thesis: International Relations, specialization Global Order in Historical Perspective Faculty of Humanities Based Sciences – Leiden University Date: January 2021 Student number: S1655485 First examiner of the university: Dr. Diana Natermann Second examiner of the university:1 Dr. Anne-Isabelle Richard TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Abstract -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Introduction of research question -------------------------------------------------------------4 CH 1: Pan-Arabism before 1940 (The ‘Awakening’ of Pan-Arabism)-------------------6 CH 2: The (Ethnic) Identity of Pan-Arabism-------------------------------------------------9 CH 3: The between case study research design ---------------------------------------------12 CH 4: Pan-Arabism in Iraq 1940-1952 -------------------------------------------------------15 4.1: Group Identification is fluid -----------------------------------------------------15 4.2: The driving forces behind Pan-Arabism ---------------------------------------17 4.3: ‘Othering’, the ‘out-group’ and ‘scapegoats’ ---------------------------------19 CH 5: Pan-Arabism from 1952-1970 (the in-between period of the two case studies)-21 CH 6: Pan-Arabism 1970-1977, What changed?--------------------------------------------24 Conclusion / Discussion-------------------------------------------------------------------------27 Bibliography--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 -
The Key Factors of Economic Integration in Southeast Asia: Case of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand
The Key Factors of Economic Integration in Southeast Asia: Case of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand Kiki Verico University of Indonesia, Indonesia Abstract The major aim of economic integration in Southeast Asia is to shift economic integration from intra-regional trade to intra-regional investment before it achieves the common market. This article attempts to analyze the two essential factors in Southeast Asia’s economic integration: intra-regional trade and an economic community. In the first analysis, this article observes three selected countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand; while in the second analysis it focuses on Indonesia as a case study. Findings from this article showed that free trade agreement is effective to increase intra-regional trade but not effective to attract investment; therefore suggesting that Southeast Asia needs to amplify its open-regionalism principle. This article also found that the private sector is ready for the economic community; therefore the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) is fit for Southeast Asia’s economic integration exemplary. Key words: economic integration, international investment (long-term capital-FDI inflows), ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), Bilateral Free Trade Agreements (BFTA), Asian noodle bowl phenomenon Introduction investment. Intra-regional trade is affected by its regional trade agreement known as The Association of Southeast Asian the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), Nations (ASEAN) is committed to while its impact is expected to attract transform Southeast Asia’s economic long-run investment inflows of Foreign integration in trade, which allows free Direct Investment (FDI). As intra-regional flows of goods to free flows of investment trade analysis is essential for Southeast and services. -
Lessons in Regional Integration from the Caribbean
Lessons in regional integration from the Caribbean 2013 Pacific and PNG Update 316 13,880 31,400 328 22,966 8,400 9,802 51 261 15,800 89 443 18,200 2,889 27,750 10,991 1,300 5 102 8,500 9,100 73 751 14,000 162 616 12,800 104 11,600 389 288 430 23,700 109 344 14,100 1,226 5,128 20,300 Population ‘000 742 Land Area sq km 7,600 214,969 560 GDP per capita 2011US$ PPP 9,600 163,820 CARICOM economies • CARICOM members are typically very open – for CARICOM as a whole, trade in goods and services amounts to 100 per cent of GDP • Services exports (mainly tourism, but also financial services) are very important for many CARICOM members – on average, CARICOM derives around 45 per cent of GDP from exports of services – much more for some smaller island economies – eg 89 per cent for Antigua and Barbuda – much less for natural resource rich economies - eg 10 per cent for Trinidad and Tobago • The US, Canada and the EU are the main trade partners and sources of FDI – Intra-regional trade is relatively small (13 per cent of total goods imports – dominated by imports of petroleum from Trinidad and Tobago) Caribbean regional integration • Regional integration and cooperation long seen as critical to Caribbean development, pre and post independence – Unsuccessful attempt at political union - West Indies Federation (1958-62) – Parallel and intersecting paths of economic integration and institutional pooling/cooperation • Economic integration initiatives – Caribbean Free Trade Association – Common Market initiated along with creation of Caribbean Community -
Caribbean Regional Integration
Caribbean Regional Integration A Report by the UWI Institute of International Relations (IIR) April 2011 http://sta.uwi.edu/iir/ Matthew Louis Bishop Norman Girvan Timothy M. Shaw Solange Mike Raymond Mark Kirton Michelle Scobie Debbie Mohammed Marlon Anatol With research assistance provided by Zahra Alleyne and Quinnelle-Marie Kangalee This material has been funded by UKaid from the Department for International Development, however the views expressed do not necessarily reflect the department’s official policies. ACRONYMS ACCP Assembly of Caribbean Community Parliamentarians ACS Association of Caribbean States ALBA Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas BLP Barbados Labour Party BRICS Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa CAPE Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examinations CARDI Caribbean Agriculture Research and Development Institute CARICAD Caribbean Centre for Development Administration CARICOM The Caribbean Community CARIFORUM Caribbean Forum of African. Caribbean and Pacific States CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CARIPASS CARICOM Travel Pass CASSOS Caribbean Aviation Safety and Security Oversight System CBSI Caribbean Basin Security Initiative CCCC Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre CCJ Caribbean Court of Justice CDB Caribbean Development Bank CDEMA Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency CEDA Caribbean Export Development Agency CEHI Caribbean Environment Health Institute CET Common External Tariff CFC Caribbean Food Corporation CFNI Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute CIDA Canadian International Development -
Intra-Gulf Cooperation Council : Saudi Arabia Effect Nasser Al-Mawali Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman, Oman
Vol.30 No.3, September 2015, 532~552 Nasser Al-Mawali jei http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2015.30.3.532 Journal of Economic Integration jei Vol.30 No.3, September 2015, 532~552 http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2015.30.3.532 Intra-Gulf Cooperation Council : Saudi Arabia Effect Nasser Al-Mawali Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman, Oman Abstract The main thrust of this study is to investigate the extent to which Saudi Arabia’s economic growth acts as an engine of growth for the Gulf Co-operation Council region. The estimation results of Gulf Cooperation Council for the last three decades suggest that the growth of Saudi Arabia, along with the growth of United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, is positive and statistically significant in explaining the overall growth of the Gulf Cooperation Council region. The main policy implication of these findings is that the positive intra-economic growth of these countries should serve as further motivation for the intra-regional integration of the Gulf Cooperation Council. JEL Classification: F02, F13, F42, F53 Keywords: Economic Growth, GCC, Economic Integration * Corresponding Author: Nasser Al-Mawali; College of Economics and Political Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanate of Oman; P.O Box 20, PC 123, Alkhod, Oman; Tel:+968 24141848, Fax: +968 24414043, E-mail: almawali@ squ.edu.om. ⓒ 2015-Center for Economic Integration, Sejong Institution, Sejong University, All Rights Reserved. pISSN: 1225-651X eISSN: 1976-5525 532 Intra-Gulf Cooperation Council: Saudi Arabia Effect jei I. Introduction The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is comprised of six member countries: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). -
The Regional Integration As a Solution to Face the Mediterranean Security Challenges
05 2 0 1 7 (NOUVELLE SÉRIE- VERSION ÉLECTRONIQUE) THE REGIONAL INTEGRATION AS A SOLUTION TO FACE THE MEDITERRANEAN SECURITY CHALLENGES MARIA DOLORES ALGORA WEBER1 I. THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION IN A GLOBALISED WORLD – II. REASONS FOR THE EXPANSION OF THE RISKS AND THE THREATS – III. A RENEWED “SECURITY ARCHITECTURE” TO TACKLE THE MEDITERRANEAN POLICY. IV.- THE IMPACT OF A REGIONAL INTEGRATION FOR SECURITY – V. 5+5 INITIATIVE OF DEFENCE AS A WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN MODEL FOR A REGIONAL INTEGRATION – VI. FINAL BALANCE. ABSTRACT: The aim of this analysis is to do a short review of the Mediterranean Region situation in terms of Security. The regional integration will be tackled as the unique solution to face risks, threats and conflicts inside its frame. The multilateral initiatives which constitute the called “Ar- chitecture of Security” offer models to achieve this aim. The present contribution will be focused on the often unknown 5+5 Initiative of Defense. The scientific intention is not to point out a final solution to the troubling scene of the Mediterranean basin; it is just an approach to highlight the state of art on this issue. KEY WORDS: Mediterranean region, Security Policy Architecture, regional integration and coo- peration, 5+5 Initiative of Defence. LA INTEGRACIÓN REGIONAL COMO SOLUCIÓN PARA HACER FRENTE A LOS DESAFIOS DE LA SEGURIDAD EN EL MEDITERRÁNEO RESUMEN: Este análisis tiene como objetivo una breve revisión de la situación de seguridad en la región del Mediterráneo. Entendiendo la integración regional como la única solución factible para hacer frente a los riesgos, amenazas y conflictos que tienen lugar en este espacio. -
Arab Nationalism from a Historical Perspective: a Gradual Demise?
| 11 Yalova Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Arab Nationalism from a Historical Perspective: A Gradual Demise? İsmail KURUN1 Abstract Arab nationalism emerged as a secular ideology in the early 20th century in the Ottoman Empire. During the First World War, it proved influential enough to motivate an Arab rebellion against the Ottomans and, following the war, several Arab states were founded. Its popularity rose in the interwar period, and many Arab mandates became independent after the Second World War. Its popularity peaked at the hands of Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1958 when Syria and Egypt united to form the United Arab Republic. After the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Arab nationalism began losing its appeal and declined dramatically during the 1970s and 1980s. At the turn of the 21st century, Arab nationalism became an almost irrelevant ideology in the Middle East. This study examines the birth, the dramatic rise, and the sudden decline of Arab nationalism from a historical perspective and concludes that Arab nationalism today, as an ideology, is on the brink of demise. Keywords: political history;Arab nationalism; pan-Arabism; Islam Tarihsel Perspektiften Arap Milliyetçiliği: Tedrici Bir Ölüm Mü? Özet Arap milliyetçiliği 20. yüzyılın başlarında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda seküler bir ideoloji olarak ortaya çıktı. Birinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında Osmanlılara karşı bir Arap ayaklanmasını motive edecek kadar etkili oldu ve savaştan sonra birkaç Arap devleti kuruldu. Arap milliyetçiliğinin popülaritesi iki savaş arası dönemde yükseldi ve birçok Arap devleti İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra bağımsız hale geldiler. 1958’de Suriye ve Mısır, Birleşik Arap Cumhuriyeti’ni kurmak için birleştiklerinde Arap milliyetçiliğinin popülaritesi zirve yaptı. -
118775 Otan Colloque Econo
REGIONAL COOPERATION AND INTEGRATION IN THE BALKANS - A HISTORICAL CHALLENGE FOR A DIFFERENT FUTURE Genc Ruli Professor, Institute for Contemporary Studies, Tirana Regional cooperation in South-Eastern Europe (SEE) has never been so important as today. A multitude of motives, economic and non-economic, now exist to intensify regional cooperation, which in turn would help to induce growth, to strengthen security and political stability and to promote development and modernisation in SEE countries. Why Has Regional Cooperation in SEE Become Imperative Today? • All SEE countries have already entered the same stream of poli- tical and economic processes and are coping with similar challenges such as: democratisation, economic and institutional reform, and modernisation. Many of the problems encountered at present in the region can be resolved only through cooperating with each other, such as ethnic tensions, organised crime, the return of refugees, and the re-establishment of regional communications. None of the region's countries can ensure a sustainable progress, neither in its national programme of reform nor in the bilateral Association Agreements, so long as our region remains unstable and economically backward. • Political, economic and cultural intra-regional cooperation appears to be the unique way to overcome mutual historical distrust, to prevent further escalation of conflicts and disintegration, and to ensure the existence of multi-ethnic societies in the region. • Intra regional cooperation is a natural prerequisite as regards the future integration with Euro-Atlantic Structures. 105 • The main causes of destabilisation and conflict in the peninsula are of a regional character. Sustainable peace and stability, given that international actors remain involved and committed, can only be achieved and guaranteed in a cooperating environment of all regional factors.