REPORTER

- publication No. VBG0436 NUMBER 2-84 APRIL4,1984 At Monash, he's 'around the next (

corner' literally' • Portrait ot Jonathan Swift engraved by James Basire. (Monash collection.)

For W. B. Yeats, Jonathan Swift, Ihe most radically press the late Herbert Davis' on behalf of the Library in the pointed out by Dr Love in a original writer of Ihe 18th century, was always "just edition of Swift's PoeUcal purchase of other items. description several years ago of around the next corner". Works for Oxford University Professor Probyn says that the embryonic Monash Prds, re-edited with AnlDS the Monash collection now collection, That description has peculiar significance at Monash: the Ross Swift's complete prose contains first editions of Publishing in Swift's early University Library'S rare books room houses one of the world's for OUP, and is editing Swift's almost all of Swift's works and years was a tremendous free­ finest Swift collections. poetry for a volume in the Ox­ "a good spread" of other edi­ for-all, he said. And, on the subject of eventual publication as The ford English Poets series, tions, including some ornately "The situation concerning "world's finest". the collec­ Monash Swift Collection. Since the original sale of his illustrated ones. the type of publication that tion has its origin with one of Working first on the books collection to Monash, Mr Some of the complications Swift himself preferred ­ the world's finest oboe players. by Swift himself she has Woolley has advised and acted in collecting early Swift were topical. preferably surrep­ It now consists of some 2100 discovered features of the titious and often only just on volumes in all, including 900 Monash volumes which vary the windy side of the law books by Swift and other significantly from the standard was especially chaotic, H he works about Swift or his time. descriptions. said. ( There are valuable first edi­ The nucleus of the collection "One can argue that all this tions, rare annotated volumes. was acquired by Monash in its had its positive aspects: that if a letter in Swift's own hand very first year, J961, from the these conditions had not pre­ and a portrait of him. distinguished Australian-born vailed Swift may not have pub­ lished at all. There was a sense A recent addition, acquired musician, David Woolley, a in which he loved the jungle by The Friends of the Library friend of Emeritus Professor and was never so happy as which has contributed much to W. A. C. ScoU. first professor when he was stalking in it using the collection's development, of English at Monash and Deputy Vice-Chancellor when the same weapons of deceit, is a 1719 "Map of the Whole mystery, and misrepre­ World" by the Dutch car­ he retired in 1981. lOgrapher Herman Moll. The sentation that were being used map was traced to form the Grown fourfold against him." basis for the real and fictional The fact was, however. that much of his work was being places in Swift's Gulliver's Since 1961, the si ze of (he pirated or perpetuated in a Travels, published in 1726. collection has grown fourfold, mutilated form. And, indeed, Two people who work day­ due largely to the vigilance of work that he had not written to-day with the collection are Dr Harold Love, Reader in was being fathered upon him. Professor Clin Probyn, chair­ English, Mrs Susan Radvan­ He offered a canon, if only a man of the English depart­ sky, Rare Books Librarian, token one, in the two sets of ment, and Dr Maureen Mann, and Mr Adrian Turner, Selec­ MisSydney Symphony Orchestras, • Continued nexl page. numerous articles on Swift. He is principal oboist at the was a postgraduate student at Royal Opera House Covent Detaillrom Herman Moll'. 'Map of the the University of Virginia of Garden. Whole World' (1719), acquired by Irvin Ehrenpreis who has just Those who know him say Monash recenlly. The map was traced published the third and final that music is his bread and but­ 10 form the basis of real and lictional places in SwIft'. 'Gulliver's Travels' volume in a monumental piece ter but that his passion is (1726). By description, lilliput should of scholarship. Swift: The Swift, For morc than 30 years be located off Australia's east (and uncharted) coast, but was erroneously Man, His Works and the Age. he has collected Swift and cor­ placed in what is either the outback or Dr Mann is compiling a responded with Swift scholars somewhere near Perth (see iIIus. page detailed descriplive biblio­ around the world. 2). graphy of the holdings for He has seen through the Madman or the sanest of his time? Today Pac-Man, Space Invaders and die at the lOP like a treeH and "I am Donkey Kong probably sit on shelves what I am". once occupied by Robinson Crusoe, The Discovering who, indeed, was this Pilgrim's Progress and Gulliver's extraordinary man is no mean feat. Travels. Professor Probyn says of Swift: "The Those three books, it has been said, more you study him, the more difficult were most likely to be found in any he becomes" . home, firing the imagination of genera­ Born in Dublin in 1667, the son of an tion after generation of young readers. Englishman who had settled in Ireland, Jonathan Swift did not write Swift was educated at Trinity College. "Gulliver's Travels" as a children's fan­ He lert for England in his early 20s, fin­ tasy, of course, but rather as a skilful ding friendship with writers like Pope and at times savage satire on man's and Gay and public figures like follies and self-interest. Bolingbroke. Gulliver's first two voyages - to from 17)0 until 1714 he played a Lilliput (land of the small people) and to significant part in the Harley-Boling­ Brobdingnag (land of the giants) - are broke Tory Ministry, under Queen perhaps the best known. Anne, as a pamphleteer - Tory public relations manager. as it were. It is in book four - A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms - that • This hand-colored engraving by Rex Whl.tler of a scene from Swirt is at his darkest. In it he brutally Gulliver'S travels to 8robdlni;lnag (land of the giants) appears in one characterises man as the despicablo of the most ornate editions In the Monash collection. Yahoo. "---­It was, says Professor Probyn, HEnglish" and did not have a simple It could only be written by a mad equivalent to being sent to Siberia even relationship with the Irish. He refused to man, so the critics said, which dove­ if Dublin at that stage was one of see the downtrodden victim of oppres­ tailed with conventional wisdom that Europe's leading capitals. sion and political bullying as necessarily Swift was indeed deranged when he died Swift had a love-hate relationship virtuous. in 1745 . with the country of his birth. Another complex aspect of Swift's life Swift scholar, Professor Clive Pro­ Professor Probyn says that Ireland was his relationship with women. byn, professor of English at Monash, • Professor being then the subject colony of He had what the scholar Irvin Ehren­ says that this misconception still per· Clive Probyn England, existing exclusively for the preis describes as a "motherly-wife" sists. Swift, in fact, suffered from benefit of the mother country, it became substitute in his friend Esther Johnson Menieres Syndrome, a disease of the in­ Professor Probyn says that while Swift's intention to champion the cause (Stella) and a "daughter-mistress" sub· ner ear only identified in the 19th cen· Swift was a Tory in Church politics ­ of Irish independence and nationhood stitute in Esther Vanhomrigh (Vanessa). tury. It causes, among other complaints, supporting, for example, the Anglo­ under the Crown. He formed a series of friendships dizziness, vomiting and noises in the Irish Protestant ascendancy in Ireland at It was the period of the "Drapier's throughout his life with younger head. the expense of the Catholic majority ­ Letters". "Gulliver's Travels", and "A women but Professor Probyn says these Such was Swift's pride, says Professor he was Whiggish in other respects - in, Modest Proposal". were almost certainly non-sexual. Probyn. that he would not let himself be say, his attitude towards " democratic" Swift became Ireland's first and "It was not unusual for a cleric in the seen in public after the savage onset of constitutional government. greatest Irish patriot ("news perhaps to Church of England to be celibate at that the disease in the last four or so years of With the collapse of the Tory Ministry the IRA," says Professor Probyn), The stage," he says. his life. He was cared for by a committee in 1714, Swift was "exiled" to Ireland, people celebrated his birthday with bon­ Later this year Professor Probyn will of guardians. as Dean of St Patrick's Cathedral, fires and street processions. travel to Munster for the world's first Among his lasl words were: "I shall Dublin. Yet Swift was culturally and socially Swift Symposium. • From 'ront page Monash's Swift collection "

In the same paper, Dr Love Says Dr Mann: "Frequently " The most far· flung I have highlighted the significance o f our copy va ries - sometimes encountered is a book which a Swift collection. si gnificantly - from the des· once belonged to the light· Swift was, he said, the first cription in Teerink. Whether house·keeper at Barra Head, relatively voluminous English this is due to his description be· the southernmost tip of the author whose writings were ing incomplete, or whether our Outer Hebrides. Others come never allowed to go out of copy is in fact so different from the libraries of the nobili­ print. And he was the first true from those he described has yet ty, of scholars. and even from English author-hero: the first to be established. Dr Teerink himself." major writer who was able to " To date, at least 10 o f our Professor Probyn says that a make his readers as much in· volumes appear 10 be unique in discriminating approach has terested in himself as his their collation and arrange· been taken to the growth of the writ ings. ments of contents. These will Monash collection. be assigned our own variation "He was the first author, " We are now after th e best perhaps the first individual, of of the Teerink number." items, ,. he says. " And o f Dr Mann says that many of any significance whose per· course so are others. The the Monash volumes have con­ sonal papers were preserved special things cost us an arm temp o r ary handwritten vi rtually in toto and given to and a leg." the public within a very short marginal notes or commen­ period after his death - even taries on the text which give Among recent "special down to his lists of his posses· them an extra interest, and in items" are the Herman Moll sions and his marginalia in some cases - for example map and a first edition of books," Dr Love said. Verses on the Death of Dr Swift' s mock sermon A In her bibliographical work Swift where the many censored MediCation on a Broomstick. to date, Dr Mann has en· or blank lines and spaces have The Library would really countered some interesting dif· been carefully filled in ­ make like to find " just around the ferences between volumes in them extremely rare and next corner" a first edition of the Monash holdings and valuable. A Modest Proposal, an essay descriptions by Dr Hermann She says that the bookplates in which the master ironist • Two sets of 'Gullivers's Travels' (1726) in the Monash collection . of former owners and inscrip­ argues that for the Irish to sell Herman Moll's map (page 1) was traced for the real places in the Tetrink who has compiled the illustrations, but fictional lilliput's location doest not tally with the o nly comprehensive Swift tions, some with addresses, their babies for food is the best description in the text. There are some 900 books by Swift in the bibliography available - the show how widely read Swift defence against economic star­ Monash collection . Photos: Rick Crompton, " standard text" for scholars. was. vation by England. MONASH RF:PORTER 2 APRIL. 1984 Swift Study on best methods Family Australian to check human error While some see J on.than Swift as a greal Irish patriot, one of his descen­ The chance of a major publk struc· dants may be regarded as an Australian ture failing either while II is being built patriot, as the first person to propose, in or aner construction is extremely small the 18805, that we celebrate an - probably less than one in a million. But when such an event does occur. U Australia Day" . That's one of the interesting titbits to the consequences are usually enormous, emerge from a side study Dr Maureen creating large costs and perhaps loss of Mann, Assistant Rare Books Librarian, life. has been doing on Swift's descendants in While major disasters are extremely Australia. rare, buildings. bridges and other st ruc­ Jonathan Swift never married and tures do suffer occasionally from lesser had no children. Any descendant, then, forms of "failure", which can be very is through that thick growth of any costly to put right through repair or family tree known as cousins. And replacement. anyone with Swift in their veins is also An example is the world-wide increase likely to have Dryden - the poet John of concrete reinforcement corrosion Dryden being a cousin twice removed of problems. These are particularly evident Swift. in bridges or in apartment blocks buil! The fruitful source of the Australian near the sea shore . Such problems are connection was cousin Edmund Lenthal acute on the Gold CoasL Lewis Swifte (the family reverted to the While there is much research in old spelling of Us name with an "e" in engineering on the precise technical the 1830s), junior counsel for George IV reasons for the occurrence of such pro­ and Keeper of the Regalia at the Tower blems, it is perhaps remarkable that of London from 1813 to 1852. there is relatively little research Edmund married four times and had worldwide into the reasons why ap­ an enormous family. parently known problems recur. At leasl Iwo of his sons and one "One of the difficulties is that daughter made their way to Van engineers, like other professionals, Diemen's Land in the 18305. don't like talking about their mistakes," says Dr Robert Melchers, senior lecturer in Civil Engineering and head of a Monash team which is interested in structural engineering failure. "While the medicos are said lO 'bury their mistakes', those of the engineering profession are usually there for all lO see, if you are willing to look for them". Legal liability reasons also shape their attitude. • Dr Mann One solution, being developed in the US and elsewhere, is to set up an Engineering Performance and Informa­ One of the sons, Theophilus, a school tion Centre to which impartial feacher, had a memorable encounter • The possibility of a major structure collapsing is probably one in a million. When it does with one Martin Cash, an escaped assessments of particular failure cases occur, the consequences can be great, as in the Westgate Bridge collapse in 1970 which can be sent for collat ion and eventual convict-cum·bushranger. saw the loss of 35 lives. Portions of the span of the bridge which collapsed have been a distribution back to engineers in teaching and research aid at Monash since the mid-70s. Along with an explanation of what Through the brick wall surrounding practice. went wrong, they form an interesting historical exhibit, located at the south·west corner of his Campbelltown schoolhouse, Engineering Building 5. Theophilus overheard Cash make an Such a resource has great potential, assignation with a local lass. says Dr Melchers, but it is important to "These findings are probably not sur­ Dr Melchers says that analysis of the Theophilus turned up al the understand that careful investigation of prising; such difficulties occur daily in completed tasks provides interesting designafed time and place to confront a number of major failures has shown all types of enterprise," says Dr insights. Casb who bashed him for bis trouble. It that there are many things that have the Melchers. Whether the errors identified are is said he never fully recovered. potential for going wrong during the ex­ The difficulty. he adds, comes in significant in terms of the structure ecution of a large project. A sick man I he needed a doctor assigning an importance to these factors ultimately produced is still under urgently one night. In tbe baste and in A number of investigations have in anyone particular project and investigation. the dark, the doctor gave Theophilus a shown that there are both technical and ultimately to be able to predict the In the normal course of events. most lethal dose of the opium·based non-technical reasons which contribute likelihood of structural problems errors are picked up by the engineer or laudanum instead of his medicine. to failure. Such factors might involve arising. his colleagues during the design process. One of Theophilus' sons, Edmund control inadequacies, working condi­ Dr Melchers is particularly interested There are also formalised checking Henry Lenthal, crossed Bass Strait and tions , communication difficulties, work in the effect of human error on the procedures before building approval can made his way to Ballarat in 1864. pressures and personality clashes. reliability of structures and the most ef­ be given. Typically. project designs are A farmer, financier and mine fective procedures for safety and quality submitted to a local authority for check­ manager in the gold town, Edmund was assurance. ing and approval. 8 founding member of the Australian The approach he has taken has been The procedures used for Ihis vary. Natives' Association, established 10 pro­ to look systematically at project design says Dr Melchers. One of the things he vide health benefits for ftath'e borns and construction and to attempt to iden­ would like to be able to define is how among other functions. Edmund wrote tify the types of errors practising such checking should best be organised. a letter to the ANA's 18SS annual engineers make. Interest in the subject of structural general meeting propOSing fhat a na­ " Most studies have worked back reliability was evident at the recent tional day be celebrated along the lines from the consequence of error, attemp­ seminar on "Quality Assurance, Codes, of St George's Day. ting to trace its source," he says . Safety and Risk in Slructural Engineer­ Interestingly enough, among all the "I thought it could be useful to work ing and Geomechanics" organised by Dr Australian descendants, Dr Mann has forward through the process, to identify Melchers. found no Jonathan. where error is likely to occur." Nearly 60 professional engineers and A living Swift descendant, Miss One of th e research approaches has academics from all over Australia at­ Margaret Radcliff, Theophilus' great been to set a group of engineers several tended the two day meeting at Monash. grand-daughter, has helped Dr Mann design tasks - working out windloading Twenty-two papers were presented , construct the Auslralian famil)' .ree and on a building, for example. Such tasks including seven authored by the Monash presented the Library with a small col­ involve use of bui lding codes - profes­ team. ~('tion of Swifl·family-owned books. sionally accepted procedures based on Dr Melchers says that the success of Some of these conlain signatures dating internationally recognised research the meeting was such that another is be­ back 10 1722. • Dr Robert Melchers resuils and practke. ing planned for two years' time. APRIL. 198-1 J MO~ASH REPORTER [ Report on Access and Eqbity at ] Study pinpoints disadvantaged groups Monash Is slighlly ahead of Susan Ryan, has urged tertiary institu­ Australia. trends in its enrolment of tions to make special efforts to allract wOlDen. those social groups at present under· The pattern of enrohnent Females comprise SI per cent of lhe represented. University's undergraduate enro1ment Two recent reports - the Com· compared with 38 per cent in 1970. It monwealth Schools Commission's Par· I ..--. has been estimated that women will be in litipalion and Equity in Austnlian I'ICUIl& of ...... _ ....._ ...... ' a majority in university undergraduate Schools: The GoII of Full Secondary courses throughout Australia in three to EducaUon and Anderson and Ver­ " .. four years' time. voorn's Access to Privilege: Patterns of .. .. ~ The picture is not so bright for other PlrtlclpatioD In Australian Post­ ..... groups regarded as being disadvantaged secoadary Education - have drawn at­ ...... ­ .. in their access to higher education. tention to questions of participation and I _ ....: - ---- eeDlClNf. , \ , ~ .. ' ... Jnequity in access exists at Monash as equity in Australian schools and post­ ~, .'.f;: ' ·· at other universities. says a paper on Ac· secondary education. .. cess and Equity prepared by the Univer· The latter report makes the point that, /' '' ~ ~ ~ '' " I ,.' . sity's Higher Education Advisory and to avoid social conflict, broadening ac­ .. .. Research Unit. cess to higher education must mean, in 10 lMCI't!J!ll..c 10 "And with respect to socio-economic the longer run, expansion of the system. and ethnic backgrounds may indeed it "While capacity remains restricted ~~~1On,.",IIOU 707I7'7'''''U be getting 'worse' rather than better." and there is competition for scarce ,- ,.. says the report which was written by places, those well up on the social ladder HEARU Director, Dr Terry Hore, and will win." Anderson and Vervoorn I. Itl) Mia ....~leo••1 ...... doInc li.., yew L...... , c_... ILl.L LJURtSi LL .8J ..... 6ecl...... fl lha """' lit 1'1) tile IOUI was ...., 10. The University is at the end of a long In their study, Dr Hare and Dr West C__..II, no pott" C~I", I. '!"'tIN tw .U,. chain of decisions andl or selections. use University statistics and the The dramatic rIM In lem.le each of which contributes to the mix of Overall the.. has been • st..dy , sociological audit of first year entranls rIM In the percen,- 01 I.m.....In enrolment In Medicine In 1973-74 students who ultimately reach Monash, that HEARU has conducted since 1970. the Mn..... Intake - from 38 per Is thought to be ....ted to chenge say the researchers. They say that a survey population of cent In 1970 to 51 per,,", In 1983. in the sehtcUon score at that time. They do add that it is difficult to say first year first enrollees in bachelor ThIa gen.ral rIM I. reffected In There are no obvious ....eon. for .lIlacu_.xcopl Arta (_.the to what extent the final social mix results the remarkably conatent 40 per degree courses is much more sensitive to 1Igu.. has been .round the 70 per cent In that locuHy linee 1978. from lack of interest by certain groups the observation of change than the total cent martc: over the pel1oc:l). In part, or barriers that limit access. undergraduate population in which the Mo..... t..nd Is • relfectlon 01 The _lJIge 01 women doing Equity in access to higher education is changes in trends tend to be shielded by 1_ participation rat.. 01 hig.... dog.... .t Monash has very much a "live" issue. glris In upper secondary ochool risen from 18 per cent In 1970 10 34 the averaging effect of second and where they are now the maJority. per cent In 1982. The Education Minister, Senator subsequent years.

,-.cURl 1 , ..... ~u.. of _ to ...... UIn, ,...... , ~ ""'*' ~u... of "..a. wwtoIGrce In ~(,pHn..tI ~ UY. socio-economic background ,

...... ,,,.... P"tCURf.' T". of oct-.! .n....., ... _, ., ---..,. ~ ., ...... 11 In "'--" flnl ,.., ..-.Iwv...... ~ ~u .,u 1"1 1"1 blur..,16M ., ~__ ~. )2,1 '.1 D .• Year 12 Year 7- 12 " 1"2 It., J LI , • .. '.1 , ...... " " " 11.2 U.l '2. 1 .. ... 0.' 1).1 ,-, l ' .J • ....-'N.....c.lholic " " " " -- ~ ------" " .., .., 1.' .. --- ... .- -' ­ ' -' .., U .• U .• 1).) .. " .. " " 7012,."",.. .. U

3. By' ethnic origin Measurement of aocl~economlc Data on type of school aHended ..... background I. a somewhat can· are presented tor tha years 'm tentlous Issue, NY the research- 1970·82. For comparison, the ,. - era. They u.. two criteria - distribution of year 12 students I)•• father's occupation and type at across the three achoolsystemsl. school aHended for moat of the presented tor 1972 and 1982 as student'. secondary education. well as the distribution of all " An Inapec1lon of father's oc. secondary students acro.. the cupatlon Fev..l. two features: three systems. • " • The children ot '·profes. Several trend. emerge: >•• >.> slonat/technlcal and related" • Using HSC distributions, tather. and those of "ad- students from high school. are mlnl.traUve,executive' man- under-represented at Monalh and those Irom non-Cothollc Inclopen­ agerlal" fathers are over-rep. dent schools are substantially r-eeented In the Monash Intake and over...-epresented. Looking at the thou of "craftsmen/production distribution at students In all workerallaborers' under- secondary schools, the dlf­ .., 'M If.' repreMnted. ferences are In the acme direction • In tho period 1970-82, the bul megnHIod (du., In pert, to the The researchers use student's Europe are substantially under· unrepresentatlvenes. ot the different yor 12 retention rale.ln birth place a. an index of ethnic represented. Monash Intake has Increased the three school .ystems). background although they They Ny that auch comparisons rat.... than decreased. There h." • OveVictoria's overall Monash tirst year undergraduate repreHf\ted groups, especially the Catholic school•. Tha..trends ar. population. the children of parents intake was Aslan born. From 1975 "clerical'IOI••" group which h.. matched by similar trend. In from the UK are marginally under· to 1982 that figure grew to n.arly fallen from 19 per cent to nine per relative enrolments In the three represented, while those from 14 per cent. cent oyer the period;..______.";,;y;,;s.tem_.;.";.,ho..;..wever. ----.....;..-- APRIL, t984 MONASH REPORTER 4 ( Report on Access and Equity ) Three remedial actions proposed Monash's Higher Education Advisory cess to disadvantaged mature aged en· and Research Unit has suggested three trants without HSC. courses of action .he University could The researchers say that the perfor· take to change the social mix of its stu­ mance of students from this second dent population in favor of currently scheme has been exemplary in Arts. In under-represented groups. other faculties , especially where specific In the report" Access and Equity". backgrounds are required, they have HEARU Director, Dr Terry Hore, and been either not admitted or have had senior lecturer, Dr Leo West, identify limited access. two groups of students - those from a Dr Hore and Dr West say that efforts lower socia-economic background and should be made to encourage such en· those not born in Australia - as suffer­ trants into Science, Engineering, and ing inequality of access to Monash. Economics and Politics by providing, in The researchers say that remedial ac­ addition 1O the selection (est, a bridging tion at Monash would be in line with course to provide potential entrants with Federal Government objectives for ac­ an appropriate background. Funds for such initiatives may be available from cess to higher education. the Commonwealth Tertiary Education Importantly. Dr Hore and Dr West Commission in 1985 . say that the strategies would nOl jeopar­ dise standards of academic excellence at Action 3 the University. As part of a National Program in Par· ticipation and Equity, the Schools Com· The suggestions deal with the under· mission is identifying its own group of representation of certain groups based target schools with low rates of retention on existing entry selection procedures. They do not discuss {he question of and transition to higher education. Dr Hore and Dr West suggest that selection procedures to replace or sup· Monash establish a close relationship plement HSC. with a sample of these schools by, for Two of the strategies seek to improve example, providing special lectures, "transition" - the continuation by Monash visits, work experience in • As Monash gears up for its 'graduation season' this month and next. Reporter flashes disadvantaged groups into post­ back to the last graduation ceremony for 1983. Among those receiving their degrees in laboratories or libraries and the like. secondary education at Monash. December was Merran Evans, wife of the Federal Attorney-General, Gareth Evans. There is scope for this to be co· Merran. who holds Arts and Science degrees from Melbourne University. completed her One of these deals with the selection ordinated with Action I, they add. Ph.D. in the Economics and Politics faculty. Her thesis was titled 'Inference and non·ideal of under·represented groups who are Such a program might be funded by conditions in the linear regression model' . Dr and Senator Evans are pictured outside likely to perform at least as well as cur­ the target school program. Robert Btackwood Hatt. rent intakes. The other is a proposal for the selection of under·represented groups followed by the provision of suf· ficient assistance to ensure they will per· form at least as well as current intakes. A clear role, but changes first The third strategy is for a Monash contribution to improving "retention" Higher education has a clear role to bodies distributing research money ­ balanced with the need to maintain by disadvantaged groups in upper secon· play in helping Australia become a such as the TEC, ARGS, NH&MRC teaching of the humanities and social dary school. technologically ad¥anced, socially and ASTEC - each reported to a dif­ sciences, Professor Logan said. "The science lobby is powerful and Action 1 cohesin society, Monash's Pro Vice­ ferent Federal Minister. there is always a certain simplicity about This is a plan to improve access to Chancellor, Professor Mal Logan, said Professor Logan also urged the scientific and technological achievement Monash for students from government recently. establishment of innovation centres and schools which have lower than average But Professor Logan, who was an improved exchange of information which politicians believe they can transition rates. (The researchers use delivering a paper at a VPSEC seminar among universities, industry and understand ." Professor Logan said that one of the "type of school attended" as one of the on IIAligning Post·Secondary Education government. indicators of a student's socio·economic with Social and Technological Change", " Many academics already act as can· potential difficulties with new technology was that it directly replaced backgrou nd .) suggested that some changes were sultants and advisers, but there is a necessary within higher education itself strong case for disseminating informa­ skills, leading at the extreme to a society Dr Hare and Dr West say that (0 better equip it 10 rulfil that role. tion from researchers by means other which needed only a few very skilled HEARU studies support research There was,.he said, a case for greater than through learned articles in refereed people on which a lot of money had to elsewhere which indicates that students management by objectives in the higher journals," he said. be spent. coming to university from government education sector. It had been suggested that the most ef­ schools are likely to perform better than He said that the three Councils which fective way of adapting to technological those from non·governmenl schools Special effort advised the Tertiary Education Commis· change was to reduce the working life. with the same selection score. sion on the three areas of post­ "Traditionally, scholars have concen­ If this were so, higher education had a They say it would be thus possible ­ secondary education (universities, col· trated on (he production of new role 10 play by delaying entry into the in principle at least - partly to redress leges and TAFE) were "more concerned knowledge and assumed it will eventual· workforce and by giving workers an op· the imbalance in the social mix at with the details of student numbers, Iy trickle down to the user; now we con· port unity to withdraw at intervals from Monash (based on type of school), staff·student ratios and with funding ar· tinue to need new knowledge but, as it , he said. without relaxing standards, by offering rangements tied heavily to student well, more effort is required to digest, Tertiary institutions would need to be 10 reduce the cut·off scores by 15·20 numbers than they are with the larger interpret, analyse and evaluate the new open to more parHimers and to make points of students from governmenl questions of national education policies ideas." better provision for community access schools which have lower than average or even the policies of various Professor Logan said that the volume generally. transition rates. institutions" . of material on new technology and the Professor Logan said: The researchers say that the strategy Professor Logan continued: "Their rapidity of change also raised questions "Here I am always surprised by the should be implemented as a pilot scheme concern with these matters has con· about the length and amount of regula· silence of Australian trade union and in­ and carefully monitored. Its cost would tributed to a segmentation of the higher tion of teaching programs in various dustry leaders, neither of whom seems be minimal. education sec(Or where the various com­ fields. to place great value on the potential AcUon 2 ponents in a sense bid against each other Some, for example, had argued for benefits of continuing education. Monash already has two schemes for resources rather than tackle the pro· longer, more flexible degree courses in "Indeed, Australian industry has which seek to discriminate positively in blems collectively." high technology areas and for more never provided a very fertile field in favor of disadvantaged groups. One is In research too, there was a strong problem·oriented teaching generally. which new ideas and technical innova· the Monash Orientation Scheme for case for the identification of priorities Others had pointed to the need for tions might nourish. It is important to Aborigines which had its first intake this and for a more co·ordinated effort on secondary schools to become more in· keep this in mind when assessing the year (Reporter 1-84); the other is the projects of national significance such as volved in scientific and technical fairly weak links between industry and Special Admissions (formerly' the Early high technology. he said. teaching . higher education which exist in this Leavers') Scheme which seeks 1O give ac· At the momenl, the major public Any such changes had to be carefully country ... APRIL. 1984 5 MONASH REPORTER Rutherford and his impact on our education scene

A III...... ,.,...... 1 fa His first plan ror Ibis school wu !bat EducadOD .... uped doe IaIripIaa eue its resources should be devoted entirely 1••1 doe _ .f IerIIIIr7 ...... li0ii to researcb in Duclear pbysics, Others Is A...... - wIdo lis 411.....f ensured Ibal ils scope was broadened, ...are.-orIuled u1••nllIes f... In his early days in Canberra, ._do .,.... '. ceIeaes of ... Oliphant took a leadina role in mov.. to ouced .....110. - _ IIeIrMed 10 doe establish an elite body of scientists on ..... of • IIrIIIIII .... I I I .... died .. tbe model of Ibe Royal Society of Lon­ 1937, don, He was Foundation President of 11Ie pbysicist was ~"""'_. tbe Australian Academy ofScience rrom whose mllior interest wu in IlIlCIear 19S4-S7, pbysics, His fmnly held beller in !he Ms Davies says Ihat il was tbouahllbe supremacy or basic resean:b over in­ Academy would represenl all scientists duslrial application. so Ibe arpmeot in Australia u Its British oounterpart I'UIIS, set orr a chain reacIion Ihrouab :lid, A preponderance or pure scienlisls Ihe Ihinking and actions or his students to !he vinual exclusion of applied scien­ at Ibe Cavendish Laboratory in !he tists and lecbnoioaists led in 1976 to Ibe University of Cambridae wheo they ::realion of Ibe Australian Academy or look up posilions of respoOlibility in Tecbnololical Sciences, 10 wbicb laler lire, Oliphant wu elected Ibe first bonorary Among Ihose studenlS were rellow, • _Wnlol'd hangs Chief JUSIIoe SIr tIIIny .. Sbe says: "Oliphanl supponed lhe In another legal hlllory project with which he .... Auslralians Mark OIIpbal and LeIIIe portrait gallery of High Court judges In the Monash Martin who, on return to Australia, • Lord RutherfcMd 01 ~ (from the crealion or a separate academy, He portrait by 0&wIIId Blrtey In the pas....lon were to play significant roles in Ihe 01 the ROyal Society). developmenl of tertiary educalion, t "He was not technically minded, nor Winners of p was be inleresled in Ihe application of Supreme Court : research," she says. II was not unlil Ihe last years of his Monash Universit~ life, when he was appointed Chairman of the Advisory Council of the Depan­ 1968 Mark Isaac Arons!. ment of Scientific and Industrial Charles Robert WI Research in 1930, that Rutherford came to look seriously at the requiremenls of 1969 Kevin Sol Pose industry, and to recognise Ihe need for 1970 Christopher Neil} the application of scientific principles Mark Samuel Wei and methods to industrial production, Ms Davies says: "He could see that 1971 Edward William ~ • Master and pupil. ErMeI Rutherford the prosperity of the nalion depended 1972 Andrew Barrie upon the application of scientific and Mark Oliphant, ca 1932. • Another Australian 'disciple', LHlIe discoveries in industry. but he did not MartIn. 1973 Garry James Sebo Susan Davies, who is a Ph.D. studenl consider Ihis to be Ihe task of Cavendish Stephen William men. They must devote their energies for in Education and interested in the recognised the imporlance of Ibe 1974 Stuart Ross Morri' history of science, argues her case on the research. " technological sciences bUI did not oon­ impact of Rutherford on the teaching of sider work in tbe applied fields 10 be Ihe 1975 David Bruce Mool physics in Australian universities and on equal of research in the basic sciences ­ Gail Ann Owen (ni: the education scene generally in an arti· an attirude illustrated in his comment, cle. " Rutherford and Physics in IThe training of technologists is no pan i976 Andrew}a Ma Australia", published recently in The of the proper funclion of a real 1977 Jack David arnm AustraJlan Pbysiclsl, university' ." Ms Davies calls Sir Mark Oliphant Leslie Martin was a research student 1978 Adele Michele BYI and the late Sir Leslie Martin in the Cavendish from 1923 to 1927, He 1979 Geoffrey Gordon 1 Hdisciples" of Rutherford, Director of returned to the post of senior lecturer in the Cavendish, England's leading Melbourne University's Physics depan­ 1980 Peter Thomas 1'0111 physicallaboralory, from 1919. ment under the chairmanship of Pro­ 1981 Wendy Wilson Pel She says that Rutherford was no con­ fessor Thomas Lahy, himself a Caven­ ventional teacher and had a persuasive dish man. Martin succeeded Laby in the 1982 Mary Anne Fergw personality. Chair in I94S. He did not devise an educational pro­ Ms Davies says that his many govern­ gram for his research students at the ment appointments after the war. Cavendish, nor did he bother with together with extensive experience in ad­ /1I1l01lg willners detailed supervision. This he left to ministration at the University of others. Melbourne, recommended him for ap­ But he played an active role in draw­ • Suun _ , PhD. sludenI In Edu­ pointment , in 19S9, as Foundallon ing up a list of problems for his students calion. Chairman of the Australian Universilies and took great interest in the results of Commission. their experiments. Ms Davies says Ihat Rutherford was Sir Leslie used his position to secure Ms Davies says: "It was the science also for experiment against theory. And substantial increases in government that mattered. But in discussion with in­ to him nuclear physics was all­ funding for Australian universities and dividual students, and. collectively. on important; he found it difficult to to promote research. his rounds of the laboratory and at the acknowledge importanl work in other As well, he acted as Chairman of the fonnightly meetings of Ibe Cavendish areas of physics, let alone other Commission's Committee of Inquiry in­ Physical Sociely, RUlberford com­ disciplines, 10 the Future of Teniary Educalion in municated far more than mere scientific Mark Oliphant entered the Cavendish Australia. information. in 1927 and eight years later was ap­ The Manin Repon (1965) provided ,.He communicated his immense en­ pointed its Assistant Director of tbe rationale for a binary policy of thusiasm for research and a good many Research, Helen shonly before Ruther­ higher education in which Ihe univer­ or his prejudices, For Rulberford was a ford's death in 1937 to become Pro­ sities would devote themselves to man of strong opinions who did not fessor of Physics in the University of research and new institutions (which hesitate 10 express himself forcefully al Birmingham, became known as colleges of advanced every opponunity," In 19SO he returned in triumph to education) would perform a vocalional One or !bose strona beliefs, says Ms Australia 10 become flrsl Director of the role and equip sludenls for tbeir Davies, was Ihat pure research was Ibe Research Scbool of Physical Sciences in employment in the community, says Ms hiahesl rorm or activity, the Australian Nalional University. Davies. MONASH REPORTJ!R 6 Tracking the footsteps of some promising starters

Wbat did Ihey go on 10 acbieve? A 1973 co-winner, Mr Garry Sebo, MacFarlan and Sir Rupert Hamer, were That's die ambitious question Mr has been Victoria's Commissioner of elected Premier of Victoria. Irvine and Peler Balmrord has asked of the 156 Land Tax, Payroll Tax, Probate and Sir Frederick MaDn were appointed students who have topped final year law Gift Duties since 1979. Mr Stuart Ross, Lieutenant-Governors of Victoria. examinations at the University of the 1974 winner. is a senior member of A total of 28 of the winners have been Melbourne since 1864 and at Monash the State's Planning Appeals Board. appointed judges. Sir Isaac Isaacs and University since 1968. The other Monash winners are work­ Sir John Lalham have served as Chief In providing the answer, Mr ing in the legal profession. Justice of the High Court of Australia. 8almford, a senior lecturer in Law at Some 23 prizewinners, almost one Monash, has made an outstanding con­ The first woman graduate to be Quarter of those who completed their tribution to the field of Australian Jegal awarded the prize at Monash was Gail law course before 1950, have been Ann Owen (nee Richards) in 1975. The bbI, or his photo at least, history. The fruit of his labour, an arti­ knighted. . been associated - the cle entitled "The Pursuit of Ex­ last three winners - Wendy Peter, Mary What have been the ingredients of Law library. cellence". is published in the March Anne Ferguson and Glenys Fraser ­ success for these 156 individuals? issue of the Law Institute Journal. have been women. . "Some prizewinners attribute their Since 1891 at Melbourne University Many Melbourne University winners academic success mainly to hard work ri °ipal and the first Law graduation at Monash, have later been associated with Monash. and others attribute it in part to a degree Prize at the student topping the final honours list Included in this number are two of of luck," says Mr Balmford. in Law has been awarded the Supreme this University's former Chancellors ­ "I have little doubt of the importance 1968-1982 Court Prize, made by the Judges of the Sir Douglas Menzies and Sir Richard of application and concentration, Supreme Court of Vic[Oria. Eggleston. organising one's work, avoiding too m Twenty Monash graduates have been many distractions such as student lIiams awarded the Supreme Court Prize in the First Law Dean politics or student theatre, and swotting 16 years it has been awarded - two peo­ when the time for swotting comes. ple sharing it on four occasions. Monash's first Dean of Law, Sir "There needs to be perhaps a cssup (Mr Balmford's article covers the David Derham, later Vice-Chancellor of singJemindedness of purpose, even a nbcrg years 196810 1982. The 1983 Prize was Melbourne University, was also a degree of aggression, and an ability to awarded early this year [0 Miss Glenys winner. remain cool in the time of testing... Fraser.) Vallace So too was Mrs Gretchen 8artlau (nee Mr Balmford believes that competi­ Interestingly, four of the first five Kewley) who has been a research fellow tion for high academic honours may be Monash prizewinners have made their in Law at Monash since 1981. Mr Leslie greater among students today than it way back to law schools as teachers. Glick was a leclOrer in Law at Monash once was. One of them, Mr Charles Williams, is ~aye from 1973 to 1981. He says that in earlier years studems a Reader in Law at Monash. Another. were inclined to think that good Mr Mark Weinberg, was appointed In addition to the Monash academic honours were not relevant to Chancellors, two Melbourne University 'e Dean of Law at Melbourne University success in the profession - "and this year. Mr Weinberg was also a winners have served on the Council of perhaps they were right". 'C Richards) Vinerian Scholar at Oxford in 1972 ­ Monash University - Mr Percy "Nowadays, however. students are rks one of six of the total number of Feltham and Justice Richard McGarvie, aware of the advantages to be gained prizewinners who have held this now Chancellor of La Trobe University. from good results: in getting articles of ond scholarship. Looking wider afield than Monash, clerkship; in obtaining congenial and ne One other, Mr Kevin Pose, now at the two of the Melbourne University rewarding employment. both in the law University of Melbourne, was a lecturer Supreme Court prizewinners, Sir Isaac and out of it; in enhancing the prospects in Law at Monash from 1973 to 1977. Isaacs and Sir Zelman Cowen, went on of promotion in government or com­ 'er\.iCArth~r Dr Mark Aronson, who shared the to become Governors-General of pany employment or at law schools and first Monash prize ever awarded with Australia. prospects of partnership in established er Mr WiIliams, is an Associate Professor One, Sir Robert Menzies, became firms of solicitors; and perhaps in in­ ion of Law at the University of New South Prime Minister. creasing the chances of obtaining work Wales. Three, Sir William Irvine, Mr Ian and succeeding at the Bar." he says. ith Monash links . . .

"chard Eggleston, a retired Judge of the Commonwealth Irlal Court and former Monash Chancellor . • Mark Weinberg, appointed Dean 01 law at Melbourne Uni­ versity.

,tchen Bartlau, research in Law at MonaSh. nners and cousins - Sir 'Douglas Menzies lIor) and Sir Robert Menzies, after whom the was named.

APRIL,I984 7 MONASH REPORTER "F"""'------...... !!!!!!!!!!!!"""""''''''''''''======-=~------Her job is to take bioethics issues to the people

In Ihe lasl Ihree ond a half years, Legislation Review Committee neglected Monash's Centre for Human Bioethics in its recent findings on access to infor· has pioneered study in Aus.ralia on the malion for adoptees and relinquishing ethical, social and legal problems arising parents. The issue has not been widely from biological and medical research. aired, says Dr Cushan, because many of The Centre has, for example, done those concerned about it. and personally research on and promoted forums for involved in adoplion, do not wish to be the early discussion of such issues as identified. in vitro fertilisation, and the donation Dr Cushan is also helping to facilitate of sperm. eggs and embryos in the treat­ discussion of ethical issues within such ment of human infertility. diverse groups as the Western Region Among issues that researchers Health Care Centre, the Victorian associated with the Centre are currently Consultative Council on the Disabled, examining are the problems raised by the Haemophilia Society and Home the birth of premature infants and the Birth, an association concerned with the legal and ethical aspects of right to choose the birth environment. transsexualism. Dr Cushan's own Ph.D. study. com­ For the last six months a new Centre pleted in the department of History and for Human Bioethics staff member has Philosophy of Science at Melbourne been aHempting to inform a wider au­ University, has been on the role of facts dience of the Centre's work and make and values in moral judgment. known [he resources i[ can offer com· "The conclusion I reach in my thesis munilY groups. is that one can argue rationally for She is Dr Anna-Marie Cushan, the moral conclusions - thai there are Centre's Community liaison Officer ­ significant similarities between scientific a parHime position supported by the and moral reasoning." Myer Foundation. She intended to do her thesis on case Dr Cushan sees her role as twofold. studies in medical ethics but realised One aspect is facilitating contact bet· that, first, there was a need to look at wecn researchers and the community ­ the philosophical foundations of moral "to encourage discussion at a grass problem solving. • Dr Anna-Marie Cushan roots level about some of the ethical "I thought it was essential to develop issues on which research is being done at a clear framework for dealing with the Centre." moral problems in general," she says. carnpus studies at Deakin University. predictive diagnosis, Ihe other on quali­ The other is encouraging use of the "Without it, confusion and inconsisten­ She starred her Ph.D. work in 1979. ty of life - and another on bone mar­ Centre as a forum for discussion of cies can arise." Dr Cushan began work as an ethicist row transplant, with Dr Henry Eckert, bioethical issues, particularly by self· Dr Cushan took her first two degrees when she was asked to write a paper for Director of Haemotology and Oncology help groups whose voice might not from La Trobe University where she was the Thalassaemia Society of Victoria. at the Royal Children's Hospital. otherwise be heard. a tutor in the Philosophy department for She discussed the issues raised by predic­ Dr Cushan also lectures part-time in As an example, the Centre proposes three years. She was appointed as a fixed tive diagnosis (thalassaemia is a genetic the department of History and to run a workshop on adoption and term lecturer in the department of disorder of the blood) and the Philosophy of Science at Melbourne privacy. History and Philosophy of Science at philosophy of genetic counselling. University and in a course on medical It will explore an issue - the right to Melbourne in 1977 and, in November of She has since helped organise two ethics offered by that University's privacy - thai some feel the Adoption that year, course co-ordinator of off· con ferences for t he Society - one on department of Community Medicine. Applications sought Bioethics lectures Monash's Cenlre for Human Bioethics this year is organiSing a series of lunchtime lectures which will look at ethical problems raised by current clinical and research activities at Ihe University. for TIPs program In the first of the leclures last week. Dr Victor Yu, Director of Neonatallnten­ sive Care at Queen Victoria Medical Centre, examined the issue of extremely premature infants - "to treat or nOI to treat1" Applications have been invited for ing 10 new courses or modification of Next up, on April 18. Associate Professor V. Krishnapillai. of Ihe Genetics . funds under Monash's Teaching existing courses, or a review of depart­ department, will speak on The New Human Genelics - Achievements and Improvement Projects program. ·mental working procedures. Prospects. TIPs funds are provided by the Vice­ HEARU Director, Dr Terry Hore, Other confirmed lectures (with more 10 follow) are: Chancellor through the Higher Educa· says that TIPs applications may be made May 9, Professor P.I. Korner, Director of the Baker Medical Research Institute: tion Advisory and Research Unit. at any time. but the budget is small so an Medicine Today - Immediale Cure or Long Term Prevention of Heart Disease? They seek to "seed" staff·initiated early application would be advisable. June 20, Professor R. Short, Physiology: Injectable Contraceptives - An projects in all disciplines which give pro­ For further information contact ex!. Ethical Dilemma. mise of improving both the quality and 3270. July 4, Associate Professor W.A.W. Walters. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and efficiency of undergraduate education. Associate Professor H.A. Finlay, Law: Medical, Ethkal and Legal Asp«ts of -rhe funclions of the program are: Transsexualism and Sex Reassignments. • To identify major problems in the All lectures will start at 1.10 p.m. in lecrure theatre R6. areas of the curriculum, the learn­ ing/ teaching process and the utilisation Scholarships of slaff, financial and physical resources. The Regislrar's department has been advised of the following scholarships. Study skills conference • To stimulate and conduct research which will suggest solutions to identified The Reporter presents a precis of Ihe delails. More information can be ob­ A conference for people interested in two mathematicians have been invited to problems. promo ling study skills at tertiary inslitu· speak on remedial courses." tained from the Graduate Sc:-holarships • To undertake projects and studies tions will be held at Deakin University in Other topics include inslruction by Office, ground floor, U niversify Of­ which give promise of improving both Mal'. computer and by video, postgraduate fices' extension 3055. the quality and efficiency of the under­ Organising the conference, whi ch will studies, distance education and the graduate programs. be held over Ihree days from May 16, is rnature student, and English for native • To support and provide service to AIMLS Scholarship Mrs Rosalind Meyer. formerly at and migrant speakers. groups inleresled in experimenlalion Open ro graduates for research (full· Monash and now literary skills adviser Professor Roland Sussex, of the Rus­ with new procedures and methods in tirne or parHime) in the field of medical in University Community Services at sian department at the University of learning and teaching. laboratory science, including ad ­ Deakin. Melbourne, will give an exposition of • To identify and communicale pro­ ministration and data processing. The Mrs Meyer says thai papers will focus E/ MU - a system of computer·aided gress in research. experimentation and award is made 10 cover living or educa­ on the importance of good commun­ instruction relevant 10 secondary and implementation. tional expenses. Exisling funding will ication in speech and writing tertiary teaching. ProjC("ts may include. for example, nOI prejudice applicant. Tenable for one "without which no one can learn". Participants will have the choice of devc-Iopment of improved instructional year in the first instance. Applicalions "Since malhemalics is also a registering for Ihe whole Ihree days procedures, analysis of curriculum lead­ close at Too\\'ong (Qld) on October 31. language. " says Mrs Meyer, "one or ($20), one day ($15) or a half day ($6). MONASH REPORTER 8 APRIL, 1984 Exploring the surrogate mothering issue Early this year a "surrogale mother "How much more inhuman is the sale wanted" advertisemeot in The Ale cau~ of a living child," he said. eel • nurry of exdtenaent. "It is as inhuman to treat a baby as a The Victorian Health Minister. Mr thing produced as it is to traffic in Ro...r, said that any payments made to tissue. a surrogate mother "could ... involve "All talk about human rights assumes legal questions of slavery" . the unique quality of humanness. It was, In a separate case in Sydney at about perhaps, the most terrible lesson of the same time, a woman and her de facto World War II to learn that human be­ husband were accused of selling their ings had been characterised as baby for SIO,OOO. untermentschen - sub-persons to be In the United States, at least one in­ dispatched like billets into the infernal stitution - the Infertility Center of New furnace of the Moloch of our century." York run by one Noel Keane ­ has put surrogate mothering on a business Volunteer surrogates footing. And, [ollowing a number of court Professor Waller said that the situa­ cases, Bills have been introduced in tion of the volunteer surrogate was more three US State Houses to enable and attractive than that of the highly-paid regulate surrogate mothering. surrogate. In the 1984 Oscar Mendelsohn Lec­ But he took issue with those who com­ ture delivered last month, Victorian Law pared such a volunteer to a sperm or Reform Commissioner. Professor Louis ovum donor, and with those who liken­ Waller. on leave from the Monash Law ed surrogate motherhood to an "early faculty. considered ethical and legal form of adoption". Such arguments questions raised by surrogate have been made in favor of enabling motherhood. His lecture was entitled legislation in the US. "Borne for Another". He said: "The gamete donor does not Professor Waller chaired the Commit­ undertake a nine-month pregnancy and tee on In Vitro fertilisation which last delivery of a child who will be disposed fear reported to the State Government. for others. He said that the goal of surrogate "The baby born after sperm donation mother arrangements, of having a child is the biological child of the woman who borne for others, was human happiness bears for herself and her husband. • Professor Louis Waller - that of the would-be parents and "Even in the most difficult case, that those close to them. of embryo donation, the child born is "But," he warned, "the means may nurtured from embryo to full term and result in 'The Baby in the factory' ." borne for herself and her spouse by the A question that must Professor Waller said that surrogate woman who received the embryo. She mothering had been condemned chiefly has the pangs and pains - lin sorrow because of what was termed in one US thou shalt bring forth children'. be answered case "the mix of lucre and the adoption "The child is not borne for another. Proressor Louis WIlier ended his Oscar Mendelsohn Ledure with I question. process" . "There is no real analogy with or­ No ex.mlnltion of the issue explored in the lecture - surrogate mothering ­ "While its supporters have labelled dinary adoption, where a child already would be complete without an answer to it, Professor WIlier Slid. the payments made or promised a fee born is handed over to others. The question is one which Fyodor Dostoevsky puts into the mouth of one of The for the surrogate's services, opponents "Where a single mother decides not to Brothers Klramlzov: have called them the price of a child. rear her baby, or where a couple whose Imagine thlt you yourself are building an edifice of humin destiny that has the Which characterisation is right?" he circumstances have changed cannot or ultimate aim of making people happy .nd giving them finally ....ce .nd ...1, but asked. won't bring up their baby, there is no that to Ichieve this you Ire faced inevitably and inesclplbly with torturing just Professor Waller said that there had deliberate creation of a child for others, one tiny baby, say that small fellow who was just beating his fists on his chest, so been unanimous opposition in Australia planned as such from before that you would be building your edifice on his unrequited tears - would you to trade in human tissue. conception. " agree to be its Irchitect under those conditions? Tell me, and don't lie. Why students enrol Medical graduates in sociology concerned about jobs Why do students enrol in Sociology? school, were more likely to be seeking A survey of the Monash medical It identifies a high level of concern The Careers and Appointments Ser­ work immediately after they finished gradulte 'cllss or '82' shows that far among the graduates about the vice sought to answer this and related their degree. fewer of the females than males ex­ security of their employment in questions by surveying Monash Of those seeking employment, most ped to be in specialist pracHce in five medicine. Some 68 per cent or the graduates of 1982 who majored in did not apply for jobs where Sociology years' lime. males and SO per cent of the females Sociology. was either prescribed (91 per cent) or Some 37 per cent of male survey were concerned about the future of The survey was completed by 46 Out preferred (72 per cent). respondents believed they would be their careers. of a possible 62 graduates, more than 80 specillists compared with only six per The jobs they eventually found were The findings contain a rap over the per cenl of whom were female. cent of the femlles. Half the miles quite diverse and included: secretary to a knuckles for those who counselled The findings revealed that about one­ Ind more than three-quarters of the Member of Parliament; director of an the young doctors before they started fifth of the students chose Sociology females thought they would be in overseas tennis club; social worker for a their medical studies. because it is a pre-requisite for entry into church welfare organisation; and an in­ general practice towards the end of Social Work in third year. Yet only four dustrial relations officer for a the decade. applied to enter Social Work. supermarket. This contrasts with the findings of a Sources of information Other students chose Sociology for survey of 1981 medical graduates. more general reasons: because they were Study in the future was a possibility Some 62 per cent of the males and 64 Respondents listed their major sources interested in human behaviour and how for more than half of the respondents per cent of the females in thlt group of informltion about I Clreer in society worked (40 per cem) or simply with about one-third intending to return thought they would be in general because the subject seemed imeresting to study in the next two years. The main praelice five years Ifter graduation. medicine as careers and other (41 per cent). areas were law, education and more The surveys have been conducted by teachers (24 per cent); literature, TV Most students first became aware of sociology .. . with fashion design and Monash's Careers and Appointments and radio (20 per cent); friends (14 per cent); parents (13 per cent); and Sociology at Monash either in their last theology also getting a guernsey. Service which hopes 10 survey the year at school or when they first saw the As with their HSC subjects, there was same graduates in several years' time the medical profession itself (10 per faculty handbook prior to enrolment . a wide variety of subjects which the to compare aspirations with cent). Of the group, seven intended to do students studied, aside from Sociology, achievements. But only 40 per cent thought that this in­ honours and 12 a Diploma in Educa­ in their University course. The most There were 141 medical graduates in formation was helpful. Fifty per cent tion. The younger students, those who common were Politics, Psychology. 1982. Some 69 per cent of these thought that it was either irrelevlnt came straight to University after high History and Anthropology. responded to the survey. or misleadln,jl. APRIL, 1934 9 MONASH REPORTER A critical look at the Monash transport report

SIR: After reading the report of the Monash University Transport Working Party (on which an article appeared in Reporter 1·84), it is clear that the Adapting authors have perceived the uchicken in the egg" dilemma: "Is public transport not a great pro­ blem for those who attend Monash?" dams for OR "Do only those for whom public transport is not a problem attend this University?" wildlife They do not, however. appear to have addressed themselves to the problem. A new public.tion gives farmers prac­ The result is that if the report had to tical advice on adapting their dams to be summarised in one sentence it would encounge wildlife, the benefits of which be along the lines: can be measured in aesthetic appeal ­ The average student, coming from and in dollars and cents. an average middle class background. The 50-page booklet, Wildlife and living in the eastern suburbs, doesn't • 'The infrequent nature of the bus services to and from Monash, compared to trams to Farm Dams, has been written by David have much trouble with transport Hili, a Monash Master of Environ­ Melbourne University, is a very important factor which has been statistically dismissed by once he gets a driver's licence. looking at 9 am arrivals and 5 pm departures Monday to Frtday' - Dr John Green. menta) Science graduate, and Nick Ed­ The report nOles; j'Some transport quist, a Masters candidate. difficulties are experienced by certain VUAC list 1978·79 - the areas where highlights the effects of the lack of II has been jointly sponsored by the segments of the University community•. Graduate School of Environmental the greatest number of potential public transpoT[ to the University. notably new first year undergraduates students would be living - the effect of The Transport Working Party report Science, the R. E. Ross Trust. the Soil and students with very limited means." Conservation Authority and the distance becomes plain. Few students at­ appears to have ducked what is a crucia And"... students evenlUally (adapt) tend Monash from Broadmeadows, queslion. How much does the lack of Fisheries and WiJdlife Division. their travel patterns - or their term ad­ Mr Hill and Mr Edquist say that Vic­ Heidelberg and Preston while on the public transport affect which students dress - to suit the situation." other hand very significant numbers toria's 300,000 farm dams (covering a come to Monash? How many students This surely is an admission that public come from Waverley, Nunawading, probable area of 30,000 ha) have the of high ability who perhaps fail to gain transport does not provide a viable alter­ Caulfield and Oakleigh. By comparison, potential to make a real contribution to entry to their course of first choice at native for many people. They have to enrolments at Melbourne are far more the conservation of wildlife in this State. Melbourne feel they are unable to attend either get a car or move closer. evenly spread over all 12 areas. Unfortunately. though, most existing Monash (or La Trobe) because of The report states that the University is For a clear indication of the effects of dams do not naturally provide a high transport difficulties? quite poorly served by public transport ease of public transport one needs only quality wildlife habitat throughout the In my opinion if Monash University because of its position between two look at Camberwell which is located year. But they can be adapted in accepts this report, it accepts a position railway lines. It discusses the almost equidistant from all three univer­ inexpensive ways, such as construction that its intake will be heavily biased significance of the' radial nature of sities. 259 of islands and raising the full supply Some students from this LOA towards three groups - overseas Melbourne's railway network, the dif­ attended Monash,. 1302 Melbourne and studentsj middle class students from the level, which make them more attractive ficulties that arise where changes in to wildlife. 285 La Trobe, eastern suburbs who can afford a carj mode are necessary, and the costs. Of the four LOA which had no and mature aged part-time students who However. the report does not see it as a students enrolled at any university in the also have access 10 a car. problem because of the relative ease of sample quoted for 1978·79, three If this is what this University is happy =--\-. :.--. travel by car. (Dandenong, Cranbourne and Hastings) with. as the report says there really is not ~ .'-i." The authors of the report appear to be __ ~ ... ~ <..

When Stephen Dee took up bis posi­ worked as a freelance stage manager for tion as Student Theatre Co-ordinator the Melbourne Theatre Company, the eight weeks ago, he had a lot to learn in Australian Opera and the Victorian • short time. Opera . With only four weeks to prepare for Although full of energy and new Orientation Week Stephen was really ideas, Stephen has his feet on the thrown in at the deep end. ground. He would like to see more co­ However, the 27-year-old New ordination between the various elements Zealander had a wide range of ex­ of theane at Monash and more liaison periences to draw on. between academic and non-academic As an Arts student at Auckland staff. University he was active in both student According to Stephen a university is theatre and amateur theaue companies. an "idea, not a set of buildings" . The After completing his degree with a idea involves the pursuit of knowledge, major in English literature, Stephen ­ but unfortunately students usually who originally wanted to be a teacher ­ specialise in academic areas and neglect did a one-year postgraduate Diploma in the arts. Stephen is all for a holistic ap­ Drama. This proved to be a turning proach to Jiving and learning. point in his career. Stephen realised that As Student Theatre Co-ordinator, the theatre was the place for him. Stephen's main aim is "to expand the Although he had been keen to do a parameters of the theatre". • Plans start to take shape for MonaSh's Festival of Theatre, traditionally held in second Masters in English, Stephen discovered term. Pictured above, Stephen Dee (centre) discusses Mjeas with Alistair Kllllck and Katie that the theatre is really an "animal ac­ Monash is fortunate to have such a Purvis from the Monash Choral Society and Austrine Oh, (right), of the Student Theatre tivity". Taking an academic approach number of venues with great potential, Committee. to theatre is a contradiction in terms. he says. He is excited by the possibility torian College of the Arts and the Vic­ aspects of theatre. He plans to offer a In 1981 Stephen came to Australia of staging performances in, for exam­ series of workshops in theatre-related looking for the stability of the "real ple, the foyer of Robert Blackwood torian State Opera. It is acoustically far superior to the Melbourne Concert activities such as audition techniques, world". After working in a finance Hall and the gallery of the Arts and Hall," he says. stage make-up, voice, clowning. com­ company for six months he was Crafts Centre, along with the gardens edy, screen printing and poster design. desperate to return to the theatre. Ac­ and courtyards scattered throughout the While there is usually no shortage of cording to Stephen, the real world of big campus. participants for the more glamorous side There will also be a series of lunch­ business is more unreal than the make "Robert Blackwood Hall is an ideal of the theatre. Stephen claims that stu­ time shows presented throughout the believe world of costumes and lights in venue for a performance which could dent theatre is often short of people in­ year . Further information about Stu­ the theatre. combine the Monash Choral Society and terested in learning about the technical. dent Theatre activities is available from Before coming to Monash, Stephen Orchestra with singers from the Vic- administrative and stage management Stephen Dee on ext. 3108.

TM evenls listed below are open 10 Ihe public. "RBH" throughoul stands for Robert Blackwood Hall. There is II BASS Ikke1ina oullet on campus at the Alexlutcltr April diary Theatre. 4: EXHIBITION - "A Melbourne Mood, Cool Contemporary Arl", from the Aus­ Gott 12: "Post Contact History", by Mr by Assoc. Prof. V. Krishnapillai. Pres. by Rogan, Kozminsky Galleries. 10.30 a.m . tralian National Gallery. Exhlbllion Peter Pinnington. University of Mel­ Centre for Human Bioethics. 1.10 p.m. RBH. Further information, tickets: Gallery, Menzies Building. Admission bourne. 19: "Urban Aborigines", by Ms Ledurt: Theatre R6 . Admission free. l83 2822. free. Inquiries: ex!. 2117. Eve Fesl. 26: "The Nature and Function Inquiries: ext. 3266. 28, SATURDAY CLUB (Red Series, l-8 4-7: MUSICAL - "Man of La Mancha", of Racism", by Ms Lorna Lippman. EXHIBITION - "Selections from the year-olds) - "The Golden Goose", a presented by Melbourne Music Theatre. Community Relations. All lectures at I Blake Prize", survey from 1951 onwards. dramalised story. 2.30 p.m. Aln. Nightlyal 8.15 p.m. Matinee at 2.15 p.m. p.m. Lecture Theatre R6. Admission free. Monday 10 Friday 10 a.m.-5 p.m ., Theatre. Subscriptions are available for on April 7. Alex. Theatre. Admission: InQuiries: ext. 3348. Wednesdays II a.m.·6 p.m. Exhibition Saturday Club Red and Blue Series. adults SI4.50; students (full-time, under 9, LUNCHTIME CONCERT - Organ Gallery, Menzies Dullding. Admission 30, LUNCHTIME CONCERT - Organ 25), pensioners SII .50; children 58.50 (no Recital by John O'Donnell. Works by free. Inquiries: ext. 2117. This exhibition Recital by visiting American organist concessions Friday or Saturday nights). Anton Heiller, Jehan Alain, Andre will run until May 23. James Johnson. Works by Peeter Cornet, 4, ENVIRONMENTAL FORUM - "Sus­ Raison, Samuel Scheidl and Johann 26: LUNCHEON - Monash University Pedro de Araujo, Carlos Seixas. 1.15 tainable Communities: the Role of Sebastian Bach. 1.15 p.m. RBH. Admis­ Parents' Group. Guest speaker - Mr J. p.m. RBH. Admission free . Government Facilitation", by Paul Gold­ sion free. stone, Ministry of Housing. 11: "A Small 11-19: REVUE - " Let's Talk Backwards". Company 's Experience of Marketing presented by Melbourne University Revue Solar Homes", by Ken Baker, Landmark Group. Nightly at 8 p.m. Alex.. Theatre. Important dates Homes PlY. Ltd. 18: "The Promise and 12: LAUNCHINC of "Pen Friends", a Illusion of Rational Planning: The Case volume of poetry by Nan Bowman and The Regislrar advises the following forms at Student Records after this of Metropolitan Melbourne". by Trevor Isobel Robin, published by department of important dates for students in April: date will incur a latc fee calculated at Blake. All forums at 5 p.m. Environ­ English. I p.m. Enalish Drama Siudio. menaal Science Seminar Room. Admis· 6: Confirmation of Enrolment forms the rate of $S for up to one week Admission free. Inquiries: ext. 2135. will be posted to all currently enroll­ late; $10 for between one and two sion free. Inquiries: ext. 3840. 14: EXHIBITION - "Change and Persist­ 5, EDUCATION FACULTY SEMINAR ­ ence in Turkish Culture", an exhibition ed students. The forms will list the weeks late; $20 for more than two "Sports Psychology" , by Dr Christeena of posters, books, carpets and copper subjects and units for which a stu­ weeks late. Lee, Lincoln Inslitute of Health Sciences. carving to illustrate aspects of Turkey and dent is enrolled. The forms should be Last date for discontinuation of iII II a.m. Cl9, Education Banding. Admis­ Turkish culture. Pres. by Centre for checked, amended where necessary. studies by not-for-degree, diploma, sion free. Inquiries: ext. 2868. Migrant Studies and the Australian signed and lodged at the Student bachelor and Master preliminary ABORIGINAL STUDIES LECTURE ­ Turkish Friendship Society. 2 p.m.-5 p.m. Records Office by April 18. Late fees candidates. and by Master can­ "Bush Foods of Victoria", by Dr Belh Rotunda Lecture Theatres. Admission will be imposed fOI forms not return­ didates defined as coursework can­ free. Inquiries: exts. 2925, 2825. ed by that date. didates. to be eligible for 7SflJo re­ SATURDA Y CLUB (Blue Series, 8-13 year-olds) - " Toes" dance presentation. 11: Graduation ceremony ­ Economics fund of the 1984 Union fees paid MONASH REPORTER 2.30 p.m. Alex.. Thea're. and Politics. (not applicable to students taking 16, LUNCHTIME CONCERT - Music for 14: First term ends for Medicine VI Summer Term subjects). flute and piano. Thomas Pinschof ­ (Prince Henry's students). 19: First term ends for Medicine VI ne_t .... wIU be ...... bo flute ; Bracchi Tilles - piano. Works by 16: Students who have not received a (Alfred students). ... nnt _ of Ma" .984_ Poulenc and Prokofiev. 1.15 p.m. RDH. Confirmation of Enrolment form First teaching round ends, Dip.Ed. Admission free . through the post should call at the 20: Good Friday holiday. . Cop, ...... Is n • ....,. April MIGRANT STUDIES SEMINAR ­ Student Records Office to complete 23: Easter Monday holiday. 26, EuIJ eopy Is DllIdo .ppndaIed. "The Politics of Multiculturalism", by and lodge a replacement form. 24: Easter Tuesday holiday. Dr James Jupp, Canberra College of Ad­ (Jetton, IIIIIdte, vanced Education. 7.30 p.m. Lecture 18: Last day for all currently enrolled 25: Anzac Day holiday. c._.. 26: Second term begins for Medicine VI ...... ) .... -*...... Tbea'rt: Rl. Admission free. Inquiries: students to lodge their Confirmation 1M 1IJ1...*~(at..,)e/- exu. 2925, 2825 . of Enrolment forms al the Studem (Prince Henry's students). ...W-d ...... 18: SEMINAR - "The New Human Records Office before late fees are 27: Graduation ceremony - Law and lI...... ,om-. . Genetics: Achievements and Prospecls", imposed. Students who lodge their Science. MONASH REPORTER 12 APRIL, 1984 Printed by Wavarley Offset Publishing Group. (03) 560 5111 . Typesel by BP TypesetMg Ply Ltd .• (03) 561 2111