Novitatesamerican MUSEUM PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y

NovitatesAMERICAN MUSEUM PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y. 10024 Number 2969, 29 pp., 52 figs. April 25, 1990

A Revision of the Moth Genus Phyle (Lepidoptera, Geometridae)

FREDERICK H. RINDGE'

CONTENTS Abstract ...... 2 Introduction ...... 2 Acknowledgments and Abbreviations ...... 2 Materials and Methods ...... 3 Characters ...... 3 Genus Phyle Herrich-Schiiffer ...... 4 Key to Males ...... 8 Group 1 ...... 10 Phyle glauca Herbulot ...... 10 Phyle aspilotos, new species ...... 11 Phyle transglauca, new species ...... 11 Phyle infusca, new species ...... 14 Phyle herbuloti, new species ...... 14 Group 2 ...... 15 Phyle schausaria (H. Edwards) ...... 17 Phyle arcuosaria Herrich-Schiiffer ...... 18 Phyle antioquia, new species ...... 18 Phyle subfulva Herbulot ...... 19 Phyle albifimbria, new species ...... 21 Phyle orthogonia, new species ...... 23 Phyle cartago, new species ...... 23 Phyle neblina, new species ...... 25 Phyle versatile, new species ...... 26 References ...... 29

1 George Willett Curator, Department of Entomology, American Museum of Natural History. Copyright © American Museum of Natural History 1990 ISSN 0003-0082 / Price $3.75 2 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969

ABSTRACT

The present paper is the first revision of the saccus, and the base ofthe valve having long, slen- genus Phyle. The moths are recognized by the up- der, hairlike scales. per and lower surfaces of the wings being a uni- Fourteen species are described and illustrated. colorous green, a color that is seldom found in Of these, the following are described as new: al- members ofthe Ennominae. Within that subfam- bifimbria, antioquia, aspilotos, cartago, herbuloti, ily, the genus is placed in the Semiothisini. In infusca, neblina, orthogonia, transglauca, and ver- addition to the wing color, the males have the satile. Mecoceras schausaria H. Edwards (1884) is additional autapomorphic characters: a large, thick transferred from the Oenochrominae and placed group of scales arising from the hind tarsi; nu- in Phyle as a new combination. merous, very long, slender hairlike scales on the The members of the genus occur from southern ventral surface of the abdomen; the genitalia with Mexico, through Central America, to Venezuela both the posterodorsal surface ofthe tegumen and and the Guianas, south in the Andes Mountains each elongate costal lobe with their apex and pos- to Bolivia, and east to northern Argentina and terodorsal surface having large, thickly set groups southeastern Brazil. No specimens have been seen of long, curved, thick hairlike scales; and with a from the Antilles, the Amazon Basin, northeastern large, inflatable sac on each side attached to the Brazil, or Chile.

INTRODUCTION It all appeared so simple at first. At hand genera; these may not prove to be so striking was an easily recognized genus ofmoths that when other Neotropical genera in this tribe had had only one specific name since 1855. are studied and revised. Herbulot added two more names in 1982. Almost a century ago, Druce wrote about The object was to curate the collection, ap- the considerable variation that is to be found plying the two recently proposed names to in the maculation and coloring ofthe under- the appropriate species. Thus began the study surface ofthe wings. He concluded that "The that lead to the present paper. specimens before me clearly show that these Even the placement of Phyle into the cor- forms belong to one species [arcuosaria], al- rect subfamily has not been without difficul- though the two extremes look very distinct" ties. Probably because of the unicolorous (Druce, 1892: 93). Druce's observations were green upper and lower surfaces of the wings, correct; his conclusion was wrong. early workers placed the genus in either the Geometrinae (as almost all of the included species have green wings) or in what is now ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND ABBREVIATIONS the Oenochrominae (which has a few Neo- I acknowledge with thanks the cooperation tropical green groups). But the structures of and aid ofthe following colleagues who have the moths precluded their being in either of permitted me to study types and specimens these subfamilies; the earliest placement into in their charge: D. C. Ferguson for the United the Ennominae of which I am aware was by States National Museum ofNatural History, Fletcher (1979). Smithsonian Institution (USNM); J. E. Raw- As my study progressed it became evident lins for the Carnegie Museum ofNatural His- that this genus belongs in the Semiothisini, tory (CMNH); J. K. Liebherr for Cornell a very large and worldwide group as now de- University (CU); C. V. Covell, Jr., for the fined (Forbes, 1948: 36; McGuffin, 1972:1 1). University of Louisville, Louisville, Ken- As there are no published tribal or generic tucky; J. B. Sullivan of Beaufort, North Car- revisions of Neotropical Semiothisini (and olina (JBS); and C. Herbulot ofParis, France. very few for North America), comparisons I am particularly grateful to the last-named had to be made with the species from the person for aid in checking the identification United States and Canada to make this tribal of the two species he named in this genus. placement. There are a number ofcharacters To J. S. Miller, of the American Museum of that separate Phyle from the North American Natural History (AMNH), who helped locate 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 3 specimens in several collections for this study, taxa. In addition, he was kind enough to check a similar expression ofthanks. Helpful com- my determinations by the use ofa draft copy ments on the manuscript were received from of the key to the males. C. V. Covell, Jr., R. S. Peigler, and J. B. Sul- All the specimens that are illustrated are livan. from the AMNH unless otherwise specified. Every specimen studied bears either one of my type labels or a determination label. MATERIAS AND METHODS A study of the genitalic structures is basic to most revisionary studies ofLepidoptera; I CHARACTERS have found this to be an absolute necessity Study and measurements ofthe male hind in working with the New World Geometri- tibia show that two kinds are present; this dae. Accordingly, a considerable number of does not hold for the females. One is shorter dissections were made from specimens ofboth and has a single hair pencil; the length varies sexes of Phyle that had different maculation from 5.4 to 8.0 mm. The second kind is long- and coloring on the undersurface ofthe wings, er, being between 8.9 and 11.0 mm, and has and from as many different localities as pos- a second, apical hair pencil on the outer sur- sible. At first glance, the preparations were face. This is an easy way to subdivide the dishearteningly similar, as obvious differ- genus into two groups, as the legs can be mea- ences were not usually present. A more crit- sured on pinned specimens. ical examination showed that the male ter- Associated with the tibial grouping is the minalia did indeed have certain structures length ofthe process ofthe anellus, measured that proved to be of specific value; unfortu- from its junction with the inner portion of nately, the female structures are basically so the saccus to its apex, and the spatial rela- similar that I have not been able to point out tionship ofthe tip ofthe process to the trans- specific characters for the members of this tilla. Males with the shorter tibia have a sex. As a result, a key to the males is provided shorter anellus that does not extend posteriad that is based on a number of different char- to the transtilla; those with longer tibia have acters; females must be identified primarily a longer process that reaches the transtilla or by association with the appropriate males. extends posteriorly over it. The male structures for each species are fig- The process ofthe anellus is usually straight, ured, but only two female genitalia are illus- but it may be variably curved or slightly trated. S-shaped; its conformation is of specific val- The basic work was done on specimens in ue. the collection of the AMNH. To make the The abdomens of some males may have a paper more complete, moths were sent to me ventrolateral inflatable pair of tufts near the on loan from a number of other institutions end of AS (figs. 21, 22); tufts are absent in and individuals, as noted above. A total of the "short" group but present in the other 435 adults (2716, 1642), 175 genitalic dissec- species. The basal portion and setae of these tions (1378, 389), and 11 slide mounts (88, tufts vary from small and obscure to large 32) of antennae and legs were studied. and prominent, bearing hairlike scales up to Of the four previously described species 2 mm long that can be seen without dissec- now assigned to the genus, I have studied the tion. Two types of scaling may be present in holotype of only one (schausaria). The type these tufts; either hairlike scales only, or a specimen of arcuosaria, which is the type mixture ofhairlike with a smaller number of species of Phyle, is probably lost, but it was flattened scales. It is often helpful to try to illustrated in color when described. Because exsert the tufts with a fine needled syringe ofits type locality and certain features ofcol- that is normally used to inflate the vesica, or and maculation, there is no doubt as to and also to remove the abdominal scaling what population this name applies. Herbu- around each tuft. lot's descriptions and accompanying illustra- The same technique can be used to help tions of both the adults and male genitalia inflate the large sacs that are present at the leave little doubt as to the identity ofhis two bases of the saccus and valves. Once this is 4 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969 done it is much easier to examine the distri- DiAGNosIs: The moths of this genus, be- bution ofthe very long hairlike setae on each longing in the Ennominae, are recognized by sac (figs. 27, 35, 39, 43, 45). the unicolorous green of the upper and un- The same instrument is useful in exserting dersurfaces ofthe wings. The males have the the vesica. This operation is necessary to study additional autapomorphic characters of a the spination, and to ascertain the true shape large thick group of scales arising from the of the vesica. The number of spines is vari- hind tarsi; the ventral surface ofthe abdomen able within each species; there is usually a has numerous, very long, slender, hairlike longer and thicker group near the aedeagus scales (fig. 20); male genitalia with both the and a second, thinner group distally. While posterodorsal surface ofthe tegumen and each exact numbers of spines cannot be relied on elongate costal lobe with their apices and pos- for any species, it is often possible to separate terodorsal surfaces have large, thickly set taxa by the relative numbers of basal and groups of long, curved, thick hairlike setae; distal spines, and by their relative thick- and with a large inflatable sac on each side nesses. attached to the saccus and the base of the As mentioned in the Introduction, it has valves bearing long slender hairlike scales. long been known that the color and macula- DESCRIPTION: Adults: Head with eyes large, tion on the undersurface ofthe wings is vari- those of females slightly smaller than those able (figs. 5-18). This is a specific character, of males. Front pale brown, densely scaled; but it has to be used with caution. Several in males wider than in females and slightly species have the ventral surface immaculate swollen, of females narrower and flat. Pro- or almost so; others have the outer cross lines boscis fully developed. Palpi of males rising slender and with narrow shading; still others to about one-third height ofeyes, second seg- have very broad orange-brown areas along ment 0.8 mm long, third segment 0.2 mm; the cross lines. Those species with little or no those of females smaller. Antennae of both maculation have hind wings with a relatively sexes simple, with about 69-82 segments. straight outer margin, whereas the taxa with Vertex concolorous with wings; scaling long- more prominent maculation have angled outer and looser than on front; collar and an- er margins. tennal bases brown. There is some sexual dimorphism in the Thorax above concolorous with upper sur- maculation, as the females of some species face ofwings; without metathoracic tuft. Legs tend to have the color and markings more elongate, slender. Fore tibiae with epiphysis prominent than do the associated males. ofmales arising between three-fifths and two- When using the breakdown into the "short" thirds length oftibia, offemales at two-thirds (Group 1) and "long" (Group 2) assemblages, length, both just reaching end of segment; based on the lengths of the male hind tibia length oftarsi in both sexes 2.5 times that of and the process of the anellus, it becomes tibiae. Middle legs of males with length of apparent that what appears to be the same tarsi equal to that oftibiae or slightly longer, sort ofvariation in color and pattern is pres- offemales with tarsi slightly longer. Hind legs ent on the undersurface of the wings in both ofmales with large, thick group ofscales aris- groups. In Group 1, both aspilotos and glauca ing from coxa; tibiae either slender, with hair have plain, almost immaculate ventral sur- pencil and groove, with both pairs of spurs faces. These species can be confused with ofequal length, or swollen, with two elongate schausaria and arcuosaria in Group 2, which groups ofhairlike scales arising on inner and have similar patterns. Likewise, herbuloti outer surfaces at or near origin of segment, (Group 1) can be mistaken for subfulva and with groove, and having distal pair of spurs versatile in Group 2. smaller than upper, the last being more noticeable in males than in females; hind legs of females simple. Genus Phyle Herrich-Schiiffer Forewings with curved costa, apex square Phyle Herrich-Schiiffer, 1855 (1850-1858): pl. 60, or pointed, outer margin straight, inner mar- fig. 338. Guenee, 1857: 379. Walker, 1861: 588. gin weakly curved; with 12 veins, two acces- Druce, 1892: 93. sory cells, no fovea; discal cell less than one- 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 5

1 2

;,,,id w ', r* ! 'ij

_"q;2 A' 'I v ,.-Pw :.,.." "., i ).Ll .lw -z ik 14 3 4 Figs. 1-4. Adults of Phyle, upper surface. 1. P. schausaria (H. Edwards), holotype (USNM). 2. P. orthogonia, new species, holotype (CMNH). 3. P. neblina, new species, holotype (USNM). 4. P. versatile, new species, holotype. All x 1.25. half length of wing; vein R dividing before thirds length of cell; A2 weak basally, strong end of discal cell, uniting with Sc, with R1+2 medially and distally. Frenulum strong in to costa; R3 to beyond end ofdiscal cell, form- both sexes. ing first accessory cell, reaching costa and with Wings with upper surface unicolorous short branch to form second accessory cell; green, usually with maculation; females of R4_5 splitting about middle of second acces- some species tending to have slightly more sory cell, first going to costa near apex, other prominent markings than males. Forewings to distal margin; vein udc angled, short; veins with weakly represented t.a. line, usually mdc and ldc both curved, of about equal straight, indicated by venular dots; t.p. line length; M1 and M2 straight or slightly curved; arising on costa at about five-sixths length of M3 curved; Cu curved in basal part, narrow- costa, with short outward bend, then sharply ing basal portion of discal cell; Cul straight; recurved and bent to meet more clearly de- Cu2 arising after middle ofdiscal cell, curved; fined straight portion ofline, upper part often A2 with swollen base, straight or weakly vestigial or represented by venular dots, low- curved. er portion of dots more or less connected by Hind wings with seven veins; costal margin dark scales, and lined basad by broader pale straight, apex square, outer margin straight band; s.t. and terminal lines absent; fringe or angled at vein M3, anal margin straight pale yellow. Hind wings with only extradiscal and with fringe of long scales; discal cell less line, similar in appearance to t.p. line, gently than one-half length of wing; vein Sc more curved, fading out below costa; anal angle or less paralleling costa; R with M1 splitting with dark scaling forming either a small spot offbefore middle ofwing; vein m+ldc curved; or a large dark area; fringe pale yellow an- M2 absent; M3 upwardly arched; Cul from teriorly, variably darkened posteriorly. Un- near end of discal cell; Cu2 from about two- dersurface similar to upper, paler, with some 6 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969

r, I i.

5 6

v UrS,4_

.. '.., .' D'-+R''s,. w 7: f w t} o e 4- ?I ""-I' ,;4;; t x >-. / . zi, .^ A > set t [# '- ''sl i.. ) 'r .s !i- 'e., A _1t - t.% 7 8

I-t7,¢

I .A X0 A ASh PA

9 10

i I I .t*.# ''44 i

I .A 11 12 Figs. 5-12. Adults ofPhyle, undersurface. 5. P. glauca Herbulot. 6. P. aspilotos, new species, holotype. 7. P. transglauca, new species, holotype. 8. P. infsca, new species, holotype. 9. P. herbuloti, new species, 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 7

13 14

t* j 1

\X .SItZ., 15 16

.I .,N Jv I. A",'S;-,'

7te 17 18 Figs. 13-18. Adults ofPhyle, ventral surface. 13. P. subfulva Herbulot. 14. P. albifimbria, new species, holotype. 15. P. orthogonia, new species, holotype (CMNH). 16. P. cartago, new species, holotype (USNM). 17. P. neblina, new species, holotype (USNM). 18. P. versatile, new species, holotype. All x 1.4

dark scaling on costa of forewings and at or- Length of Forewings: 16 to 22 mm. In fe- igin of straighter t.p. line; discal spot of fore- males tending to be about the same size as wing present or absent; outer cross lines vary- in males or slightly smaller. ing from being absent to broadly shaded with Abdomen above concolorous with upper orange-brown or dark brown scales; anal spot surface of wings; of males slender, extending of hind wings present or absent. beyond hind wings, of females thicker and holotype. 10. P. schausaria (H. Edwards), holotype (USNM). 11. P. arcuosaria Herrich-SchHffer. 12. P. antioquia, new species, holotype. All x 1.3 8 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969 shorter, not extending beyond wings; without apically changing to more sclerotized scales; dorsal tufts. Males with ventral surface ofA3 dorsal surface of basal area with small digi- with transverse area of numerous setae tate process. Cristae prominent. Aedeagus a (sometimes deciduous) and having semicir- simple, more or less curved tube, anteriorly cular area anteriad with many thinner setae rounded, posterior end projecting as slender (fig. 19); A5 at posterolateral angles with (figs. sclerotized point; 1.3-2.2 mm long, 0.2-0.3 21, 22) or without small, inflatable tufts, re- mm wide. Vesica, when exserted, slightly maining segments ventrally with numerous swollen adjacent to aedeagus, with lobe to elongate hairlike scales (fig. 20), terminal seg- one side, then extending as narrowing tube ment unmodified; females with normal scal- at obtuse angle; with from 2 to 6 larger thicker ing. basal cornuti, and with from 1 to 15 more Male Genitalia: Uncus with dorsal surface slender spines distally. of base sclerotized around margin, in form Female Genitalia: Sterigma membranous. of narrow rectangle, 0.56-0.67 mm wide, Ductus bursae sclerotized, lateral areas ap- 0.10-0.13 mm high; ventrally with membra- pearing thickened; longer than wide, slender nous surface narrower and deeper; shaft elon- posteriorly, variably enlarged anteriorly. gate, slender, very slightly curved, with par- Corpus bursae elongate, membranous, an- allel sides, 0.07-0.10 mm wide; apex with terior two-thirds slightly swollen, with blunt- single spinelike point. Gnathos longer than ly pointed anterior end; posterior one-third uncus; posteriorly swollen, sides concave, with longitudinal striations, short to mod- elongate anteriorly, terminating in long, slen- erately long sclerotized area extending ante- der point, apically recurved, ventral surface riorly from ductus bursae. Signum large, of apex thickly covered with short denticu- round, or slightly elliptical, with numerous lations. Tegumen broad anteriorly, tapered rays around edge and with raised central area. posteriorly to become narrower than base of Ductus seminalis arising near posterior end uncus; posterior end bilobed; posterodorsal of corpus bursae. Papillae anales elongate, surface of each lobe with large, thickly set 0.75-0.90 mm long, slender. Apophyses pos- group of very long hairlike setae, these tend- teriores 2.15-2.85 mm long; apophyses an- ing to curve ventrally over base of uncus, teriores 1.4-1.8 mm. extending about one-half length of uncus. EARLY STAGES: Unknown. Saccus widest posteriorly, then narrowed, FOOD PLANTS: Unknown. sides more or less parallel, anteriorly rounded TYPE SPECIES: Phyle arcuosaria Herrich- or somewhat flattened. Valves with posterior Schaffer, 1855; by monotypy. margin bilobed; costa distinct, lightly scler- DISTRIBUTION: From southern Mexico, otized, projecting posteriorly as blunt lobe, through Central America, to Venezuela and each lobe with posterodorsal surface and apex the Guianas, south in the Andes Mountains with large, thickly set group of long hairlike to Bolivia, northern Argentina, and south- setae, longer and more numerous than setae eastern Brazil. No specimens have been seen of tegumen; remainder of valve unmodified from the Antilles, the Amazon Basin, north- except as noted; inner surface concave, finely eastern Brazil, or Chile. The moths appar- setose in basal portion; apex extended; outer ently fly throughout the year, and have been margin broadly rounded, with weakly scler- caught from about 250 to 3000 m in elevation otized and swollen sacculus. Large inflatable (according to the elevations given on the la- sac attached to saccus and base of valve on bels of the specimens). each side; outer surface thickly covered with REMARKS: A total of 421 specimens (2606, long, hairlike scales, dorsal surface with very 161), 170 genitalic dissections (1326, 38w), long hairlike scales, varying in length from and 11 slide mounts (86, 3Y) of antennae and shorter than to longer than valve. Transtilla legs have been studied for this revision. widest medially. Anellus with rounded or angled anterior portion; posteriorly extending as parallel-sided, flattened rod, extending to KEY TO MALES near transtilla, ventral surface variably cov- 1. Length of hind tibia 5.4-8.0 mm; anellus ered with minute dentitions or hairlike scales, with posterior process not extending to 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 9

21 Figs. 19-22. Details of male abdomens. 19. Phyle versatile, new species, paratype; median spines on A3. 20. P. antioquia, new species, paratype; ventral scaling in lateral view. 21. P. schausaria (H. Edwards); ventrolateral tufts on A5. 22. P. versatile, new species, paratype; ventrolateral tufts on A5.

transtilla, having a space of0. 1-0.2 mm 5(4). Undersurface ofall wings with cross lines between the two (Group 1) ...... 2 shaded distally with dark brown (fig. 8) Length ofhind tibia 8.9-1 1.0 mm; anellus ...... infusca with posterior process just reaching the Undersurface ofall wings with cross lines transtilla or extending to the middle of broadly bordered with orange-brown that structure (Group 2) ...... 6 (fig. 9) ...... herbuloti 2(1). Hind wings with outer margin rounded; 6(1). Process of anellus straight ...... 7 hind tibia 5.4-6.0 mm long ...... 3 Process of anellus curved or S-shaped . .

Hind wings with outer margin angled; hind ...... 10 tibia 7.2-8.0 mm long ...... 4 7(6). Undersurface ofall wings with or without 3(2). Undersurface ofall wings immaculate ex- faint traces of cross lines; shading ab- cept for a black dot on the costa offore- sent ...... 8 wings and a grayish black spot above Undersurface of all wings with distinct the anal angle of hind wings (fig. 6) .. cross lines shaded with orange-brown

...... aspilotos or dark brown ...... 9 Undersurface of all wings with partial or 8(7). Undersurface of hind wings without anal complete t.p. and extradiscal lines being spot (fig. 10); ventrolateral paired tufts represented by venular dots (fig. 5) .. of A5 of hairlike scales, 1.0-1.5 mm

...... glauca long (fig. 21) ...... schausaria 4(2). Hind tibia 7.2 mm long; undersurface of Undersurface ofhind wings with anal spot wings with cross lines brown, seldom (fig. 1 1); ventrolateral paired tufts ofA5

bordered with dark scaling (fig. 7) ... with mixture of flattened and hairlike

...... transglauca scales, 0.6-1.0 mm long .. arcuosaria Hind tibia 7.5-7.9 mm long; undersurface 9(7). Ventrolateral paired tufts ofA5 up to 2.0 of wings with cross lines broadly bor- mm in length, often visible without dis- dered with dark scaling ...... 5 section (fig. 22) ...... versatile 10 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969

Ventrolateral paired tufts of A5 1.0 mm dish brown, darker on outer side, with central in length, usually not visible without dark spot, and with single silvery white mark dissection ...... antioquia adjacent to spot at anal angle; fringe in lower 10(6). Upper surface ofwings immaculate, with- one-half of wing with variable amount out cross lines (fig. 3) ...... neblina of Upper surface ofwings with distinct cross black basally, medially faintly green, distally lines ...... 11 grayish black. 11(10). Ventrolateral paired tufts ofA5 about 0.6 Undersurface greenish white. Forewings mm long ...... 12 without t.a. line and discal spot; t.p. line dull Ventrolateral paired tufts of A5 1.0-1.5 black at costa, curved, short, then represent- mm long ...... 13 ed by variable number of small dark venular 12(1 1). Undersurface ofhind wings with anal spots dots; without dark shading along t.p. line. absent or reduced, orange-brown when Hind wings similar to forewings, with ex- present (fig. 16) ...... cartago tradiscal line tending to be reduced or ob- Undersurface ofhind wings with anal spots solete; fringe with diffuse grayish black spots dark brown (fig. 13) ...... subfulva 13(1 1). Process of anellus sharply curved (fig. 41) opposite veins in lower portion of wing...... albifimbriata Length of Forewings: Males, 16-19 mm; Process of anellus slightly S-shaped (fig. females, 18-21 mm. 43) ...... orthogonia The male genitalia (fig. 23) have the anellus with its process (measured from junction of GROUP 1 inner portion of saccus to apex) 0.4-0.5 mm MALEs: Genitalia with the anellus not long, with 0.10-0. 1 5 mm between apex and reaching the transtilla, having a space of0.1- transtilla, apex pointed, with a V-shaped mi- 0.2 mm between the two; abdomens without nutely spined tip; aedeagus (fig. 24) 1.3-1.6 ventrolateral paired tufts on A5; and with the mm long; exserted vesica with a single lobe length of the hind tibia 5.4-7.9 mm. to right of aedeagus, having six to eight cornuti, four thicker basal ones and from two to Phyle glauca Herbulot four more slender distal spines. Figures 5, 23, 24 The female genitalia have the ductus bursae with sides ofequal length, constricted me- Phyla glauca Herbulot, 1982: 69, fig. 14 (male dially, swollen anteriorly; the corpus bursae genitalia), pl. 3, fig. 12 (holotype). has the posterior swelling medially, and a large This is a small species having the under- sclerotized posterolateral area on the left side surface ofall wings a pale green with the outer curving ventrally. cross line only weakly indicated (fig. 5). The holotype is a male from km 41 on the Males with small group ofwhite scales from road from Gualaceo to Limon, 2400 m, Ec- each hind coxa; hind tibia slender, 5.4-6.2 uador, and was caught in January; it is in the mm long, with white to pale beige inner hair Herbulot collection. The remainder of the pencil in groove, with outer end of base of type series included two topotype males and segment without long scaling. a male and a female from Yungas del Palmar, Forewings with sharply pointed apex, 3000 m, Bolivia. These two countries include straight outer margin; hind wings with outer the known distribution of glauca; it is pos- margin rounded. sible that it also occurs in Peru. Additional Upper surface of all wings having numer- Bolivian localities include the departments ous, very slender striations in outer portion of Cochabamba and La Paz, at elevations of of wings. Forewings with t.a. line faint, usu- from 2000 to 3000 m. Adults have been ally with small venular dots; t.p. line yellow caught from November through February. basally, outwardly narrowly shaded by red- I have studied 29 specimens (216, 8Y), five dish or reddish brown, with venular dots being genitalic dissections (36, 29), and one slide more prominent than shading. Hind wings mount of a male antenna and set of legs; all with extradiscal line similar to t.p. line, ofthis material is from Bolivia. Herbulot was slightly more prominent, expanding above kind enough to confirm the identification of anal angle; anal spot circular or elliptical, red- his species by the use ofmy key to the males. 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 11

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the Cerro Phyle aspilotos, new species Pelon, at 2150 m, in Oaxaca, Mexico, having Figures 6, 25, 26, 51 been caught in September. DiAGNOSIS: Similar to glauca but with the REMARKS: Three specimens, two genitalic upper surface of all wings a slightly yellower dissections (18, 19), and one slide mount of green; undersurface pale green, immaculate an antenna and set of legs of the holotype except for small dark spots on the costa at have been studied. the origin of the t.p. line and above the anal ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the angle of the hind wings. Greek aspilotos, meaning "spotless," refer- DEScRIPrION: Adults: Similar to glauca, dif- ring to the undersurface of the wings. fering mainly as follows: Males with strongly developed tuft of gray scales on each hind Phyle transglauca, new species coxa; hind tibia 6.0 mm long. Figures 7, 27, 28 Hind wings with rounded outer margin. Upper surface ofall wings faintly yellowish DIAGNOSIS: Similar to glauca but larger; green; striations reduced on forewings to sin- hind wings with outer margin angled and with gle scale dots or short dashes; cross lines nar- anal spot on upper surface consisting of two rower, less prominent. Hind wings with anal dark areas and two silvery white marks. Un- spot a curved black line, with small silvery dersurface slightly darker green; forewings white mark posterolaterally, and a few black with small discal dot and with some dark scales distally; fringe with short strip ofbasal brown scaling along t.p. line. black scaling, distally pinkish gray or gray. DESCRIPTION: Adults: Similartoglauca, dif- Undersurface (fig. 6) unicolorous pale green, fering mainly as follows: Males with distinct immaculate except for a dark costal spot at tuft ofshort scales from each hind coxa, white the origin ofeach t.p. line and second grayish on outer portion, pale gray medially; hind black spot above anal angle. tibia 7.2 mm long. Length of Forewings: Holotype, 18 mm; Hind wings with angled outer margin. paratypes, 17 (male) and 19 mm (female). Upper surface of all wings with striations Male Genitalia (fig. 25): Anellus with pro- in outer portion shorter. Hind wings with anal cess 0.4 mm long, with 0.03 mm between spot larger, bilobed, with short, broad, silvery apex and transtilla, tapering to unarmed point. lunate mark between lobes and with second, Aedeagus (fig. 26) 1.5 mm long. Exserted ve- silver-white, slender projection about twice sica with posteromedian swelling, having five as long as basal mark distad of outer dark cornuti, three thick basal ones, and two slen- area; fringe in lower half of wing with more der distal spines. basal black scaling, distally reddish. Female Genitalia (fig. 51): Ductus bursae Undersurface (fig. 7) tending to be slightly with right side longer than left, weakly con- darker green than in glauca. Forewings with stricted medially, enlarged anteriorly. Corpus scattered dark brown scaling anteriorly; with bursae with posterior swelling to left side, and small discal dot; t.p. line with slender irreg- with sclerotized posterolateral area on left side ular dark brown scaling along upper portion, smaller than in glauca. variable in amount, never broad in males, TYPES: Holotype, male, Cerro Pelon, 7052 tending to be somewhat wider in females than ft, Municipio Yolox, Oaxaca, Mexico, Sept. in males. Hind wings with or without small 12, 1961 (E. C. Welling). The genitalia ofthe grayish black spot above anal angle; fringe holotype are mounted on slide FHR 20,168A, darker than in glauca. and an antenna and a set of legs are on slide Length of Forewings: Holotype, 20 mm; FHR 20,168B. Paratypes, both from Oaxaca, males, 18-21 mm; females, 20-21 mm. Mexico, and collected by E. C. Welling: Mo Male Genitalia (fig. 27): Anellus with pro- Cuou, 7050 ft, Cerro Pelon, Mpio. Yolox, cess 0.50-0.55 mm long, with 0.13-0.17 mm Sept. 17, 1962, 16, 1Q. between apex and transtilla; apex tapered to All three type specimens are in the collec- unarmed point. Aedeagus (fig. 28) 1.7-1.8 mm tion of the AMNH. long. Exserted vesica with posteromedian 12 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969 lUt

224 Ki

26 Figs. 23-26. Male genitalia (right side only) and aedeagi; the latter at slightly larger magnification than the former. 23, 24, Phyle glauca Herbulot. 25, 26. P. aspilotos, new species, holotype. swelling on right side, having from three to side slightly longer than left, sides parallel, eight comuti, two to four thicker basal ones, weakly enlarged anteriorly. Corpus bursae and from one to four thinner distal spines. with posterior swelling slightly diagonal, end- Female Genitalia: Ductus bursae with right ing to left ofcenter, with small corneous area 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 13

.m._

.c,j,

AL !,ri I. v t.

a.1 .,

ww.ve;-vro¢w . ~ ~.. j-z¢4s.1.1.. ,=. .._-_Z3i ~II " _~1RWW' ~ Figs. 27-30. Male genitalia (right side only) and aedeagi; the latter at slightly larger magnification than the former. 27, 28. Phyle transglauca, new species, paratype. 29, 30. P. infusca, new species, holotype. on left; sclerotized posterolateral area prom- Penia). The genitalia of the holotype are inent, bulbous, curving ventrally. mounted on slide FHR 20,152. Paratypes, all TYPES: Holotype, male, Rio Zongo, 1900 from Bolivia: Yungas del Palmar, 2000 m, m, La Paz, Bolivia, Oct. 24-31, 1984 (L. E. Feb. 12, 1948, Feb. 5, 1950, March 4, 1948, 14 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969

March 15,1949, March 1951, April 10, 1950, extradiscal line broader; anal spot with black 56, 19 [AMNH]; Chapare, Aug. 8, 1949, Oct. lunate inner portion, shaded outwardly by 12, 1949 (Pe-na), 29 [AMNH]; Paracti, 2200- short, broad, subtriangular silver-white area, 2400 m, Chapare, Cochabamba, Feb. 1-5, with deep reddish brown elongate area curv- 1976 (L. E. Pe-na), 56 [AMNH]; Unduavi to ing into extradiscal line, and with small, very Coroico, 3000 m, La Paz, Nov. 19, 1984 (L. short silver-white spot equal in length to bas- E. Pen-a), 28 [AMNH]; same as preceding but al one; fringe in lower half ofwing with black 2500 m, Nov. 19-24, 1984, 19 [AMNH]; scaling more solidly represented. same data as holotype, 16 [AMNH]; same as Undersurface (fig. 8) of each forewing with preceding but 1400 m, Oct. 24-30, 1984, 1l prominent discal dot; t.p. line shaded with [AMNH]; Rio Songo [Zongo], 750 m (Fassl), brown on outer side from costa into cell Cu1, 19 [USNM]; Incachaca, Cochabamba (J. widest (1.5 mm) in cells M2 and M3, with Steinbach), 36, 39 [USNM, CMNH]. The type black venular dots in shaded area. Hind wings series is restricted to specimens from Bolivia. with entire extradiscal line shaded by black- The holotype is in the collection of the ish brown, widest in cells R and M1 (1.2 mm), AMNH; paratypes are in the collections of and with prominent, elongate, black spot in that institution, USNM, and CMNH, as in- cell Cu2 above anal angle; fringe darker than dicated. in transglauca. DISTRIBUTION: Bolivia (Cochabamba, La Length of Forewings: Holotype, 19 mm. Paz) and Peru (Cuzco, Huanuco, Junin, Male Genitalia (fig. 29): Anellus with pro- Puno), at elevations ofbetween 750 and 3000 cess 0.6 mm long, with 0.1 mm between apex m, with the adults having been collected from and transtilla; apex tapered to blunt, mi- February through April, and from July nutely spined point. Aedeagus (fig. 30) 1.9 through November. mm long. Exserted vesica with posterome- REMARKS: Forty-four adults (256, 199) and dian swelling on right side, having seven cor- 10 genitalic dissections (56, 59) have been nuti, five thicker basal ones, and two thin studied. distal spines. ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is formed Female Genitalia: Unknown. from the Latin prefix trans-, and the Latin TYPE: Holotype, male, Otavalo to Apuela, word glaucus, "bluish green"; used to indi- 2200 m, Imbabura, Ecuador, Sept. 8-10,1977 cate a general similarity to P. glauca. (L. E. Peni'a). The genitalia ofthe holotype are mounted on slide FHR 20,128. The holotype is in the collection of the Phyle infusca, new species AMNH. Figures 8, 29, 30 DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type DiAGNOSIS: Similar to transglauca but with locality in northern Ecuador on the Pacific outer margin of hind wings more promi- slope of the Andes Mountains. nently angled; undersurface having t.p. line REMARKS: One specimen and one genitalic broadly shaded distally with dark brown in dissection have been studied. center of wing and extradiscal line shaded ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the with a darker brown, plus a prominent black Latin infuscus, "dusky or dark brown," in spot above the anal angle. (The females have reference to the coloring on the undersurface not been examined.) of the hind wings. DESCRIPTION: Adults: Similar to transglauca, differing mainly as follows: Males with smaller tuft of scales from each hind coxa; Phyle herbuloti, new species hind tibia 7.5 mm long. Figures 9, 31, 32 Hind wings with sharply angled outer mar- DIAGNOSIS: This species is similar to in- gin. fusca, differing mainly in the broader, orange- Upper surface of all wings with striations brown shading to the t.p. and extradiscal lines faint, elongate. Forewings with cross lines on the undersurface of the wings; sexual di- thinner, with venular dots appearing more morphism is present in these markings. prominent. Hind wings with posterior end of DESCRIPTION: Adults: Males with tufts of 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 15 scales from each coxa and hind tibia similar April 8-9, 1986 (S. McKamey). The genitalia to those of infusca but with latter 7.9 mm of the holotype are mounted on slide FHR long. 20,138. Paratypes, all from Ecuador: Otavalo Upper surface ofwings having slightly more to Apuelo, 2200 m, Imbabura, Sept. 8-10, prominent t.a. and t.p. lines, along with in- 1977 (L. E. Peina), 16 [AMNH]; Sebundoi, cluded venular dots; extradiscal line either between Santa Barbara and La Bonita, 2600 more grayish brown, slightly thicker, and m, Napo, Sept. 11-15, 1977 (L. E. Pefna), 16 more clearly defined (males), or having more [AMNH]; Quito to Santo Domingo, 1200 m, prominent yellowish basad shading and nar- Pichincha, Feb. 25, 1965 (L. E. Pefia), 19 rower (females); anal spots variable, either [AMNH]; Tandapi, 1500 m, on road from being similar to those of infusca or with Alaog to Santo Domingo, Pichincha, Jan. 28, slightly larger outer silver-white spots; fringe 1971 (L. E. Pefia), 19 [AMNH]; Sevilla Don tending to have basal black scaling in three Bosco, 1070 m, Morona-Santiago, May 8- areas, and darker outer portion. 11, 1986 (S. McKamey), 19 [AMNH]; Za- Undersurface (fig. 9) ofeach forewing hav- mora, Zamora-Chinchipe, March 27-31, ing larger discal dot and more dark scaling 1965 (L. E. Pefia), 19 [AMNH]; 3 km (air) in anterior portion than in infusca; t.p. line SE Zamora, ca. 1200 m, Zamora-Chinchipe, broadly shaded with orange-brown from cells June 1-3, 1986 (S. McKamey), 19 [AMNH]; R5 into Cul, 2.0 mm wide in males, 1.5 mm Environs de Loja, 1889, 16 [USNM]. in females, tending to have green veins show- The holotype is in the collection of the ing through shading but with black venular AMNH; paratypes are in the collections of dots obsolescent. Hind wings ofmales having that institution and USNM, as indicated. extradiscal line broadly orange-brown in cells There is also before me one male labeled R and MI, 1.3-1.8 mm wide, with line be- "San Antonio W. Colombia Dec '07 5800 ft coming obsolescent posteriad, and with ob- (M. G. Palmer)" [CU] that is not included in solescent to prominent grayish black spot the type series. above anal angle; females having complete DISTRIBUTION: The lower elevations of the extradiscal line, narrowly edged for its entire Andes in Ecuador on both the eastern and length on outer side by orange-brown, and western slopes, and in western Colombia; la- with or without dark spot above anal angle; bel data-indicate that specimens have been fringe variable in lower portion of wings, caught between 1070 and 2600 m elevation. darker and more complete in males than in The moths have been captured from January females. through May, September and December. Length of Forewings: Holotype, 20 mm; REMARKS: Eleven specimens (56,69), seven paratypes, males, 19-20 mm, females, 19-21 genitalic dissections (46, 39), and one slide mm. mount of a male antenna and a set of legs Male Genitalia (fig. 31): Anellus with pro- have been studied. cess 0.50-0.55 mm long, with 0.18-0.22 mm ETYMOLOGY: The species is named after between apex and transtilla, tending to be Claude Herbulot, who has done the only re- slightly swollen medially; apex bluntly point- cent work on this genus. ed, minutely spinose. Aedeagus (fig. 32) 1.7- 1.8 mm long. Exserted vesica with large posteromedian swelling on right side and with GROUP 2 small swelling on left, having from four to MALES: Genitalia with the anellus just at- six cornuti, three to five thicker basal ones, taining the transtilla or extending part way and one slightly thinner distal spine. over that structure; abdomens with ventro- Female Genitalia: Ductus bursae with sides lateral paired tufts on A5; and with the length ofequal length, slightly constricted medially, of the hind tibia 8.9-11.0 mm. The paired weakly enlarged anteriorly. Corpus bursae tufts on A5 may be relatively short (0.6-0.8 with posterior swelling mediad; posterolater- mm) and inconspicuous, or they may be long al area on left weakly sclerotized, bulbous. (up to 2.0 mm) and easily visible on undis- TXPEs: Holotype, male, km 23, Santa Bar- sected specimens (figs. 21, 22). The scales bara to La Bonita, 2400 m, Napo, Ecuador, forming the tufts are usually hairlike but in 16 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969 UsL

Figs. 31-34. Male genitalia (right side only) and aedeagi; the latter at slightly larger magnification than the former. 31 32. Phyle herbuloti, new species holotype. 33, 34. P. schausaria (H Edwards), holotype (USNM). 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 17 some species there are elongate flattened scales with a straight process 0.67-0.90 mm long, mixed in with the first type. varying from just attaining anteriad edge of transtilla to extending 0.07 mm posteriad Phyle schausaria (H. Edwards), thereof, weakly constricted basally, termi- new combination nally weakly tapered, apex square, minutely 1, 10, 21, 33, 34 spinose; aedeagus (fig. 34) 1.8-2.1 mm long; Figures exserted vesica with prominent flat lobe to Mecoceras schausaria H. Edwards, 1884: 18. right of aedeagus, having from 8 to 13 cor- Druce, 1892: 95. nuti, 5-7 thicker basal ones and from 3 to 7 Ametris nitocris ab. (?) schausaria: Prout, 1912: much thinner distal spines. 80. The female genitalia have a short ductus This species has the undersurface of the bursae with sides ofequal length, weakly con- wings immaculate except for some slight dark stricted medially and enlarged anteriorly; the scaling in the cell ofthe forewings, the barest corpus bursae has the posterior swelling ter- trace ofthe outer cross lines in the males and minating toward the left side, and the pos- with the t.p. line sometimes weakly indicated terolateral area on the left side is broad and at the costa of the females. curved ventrally. Males with large globose blackish brown Edwards described this species from one coxal tuft surrounded by a few cream-colored male; it is USNM type no. 34331, with its scales; hind tibia 9.9-10.5 mm long, with genitalia mounted on slide FHR 20,172. No prominent hair pencils. type locality was given in the original de- Forewings with sharply pointed apices, scription, nor is there any locality pin label similar to those ofglauca; hind wings with a on the holotype. As the description appeared slightly curved outer margin. in an article resulting from the author's ex- Upper surface of wings (fig. 1) green or amination of". . . a magnificent collection of faintly bluish green; striations quite small, Lepidoptera, captured chiefly in the State of tending to be spread across anterior portion Vera Cruz, Mexico . . . ," I think it is safe to of forewings as well as in outer area; cross accept Veracruz as the type locality. lines yellow, t.a. more weakly represented This species has heretofore been placed in than t.p. line, latter tending to be shaded out- what is now the Oenochrominae, even though wardly at inner margin in females by small neither Druce (1892) nor Prout (1912) were lilac or reddish brown area. Hind wings with familiar with the species. Ferguson had it cor- curved cross line, more prominent in females rectly placed in the USNM collection, but has than in males, terminating in small anal spot, not published on its current status. reddish in males, lilac or reddish lilac and This species has a wide distribution, being larger in females, both sexes with small black known to occur in southern Mexico (Chiapas, dots shaded distally by white; fringe narrowly Mexico, Oaxaca, Veracruz), Guatemala (Alta black posteriorly, tending to be widened op- Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango, posite vein Cu2. Quetzaltenango, Suchitepequez), El Salva- Undersurface (fig. 10) immaculate except dor, Honduras, Costa Rica (Cartago), Pana- for scattered dark scaling in cell offorewings; ma (Chiriqui), western Colombia (Valle), and males with trace of outer cross lines, females western Venezuela (Aragua, Lara, Merida). with dark costal marking at origin oft.p. line, The moths have been caught in January, Feb- and some specimens with small venular dots ruary, and March, and from June through marking t.p. line. Hind wings of both sexes December, at elevations of from 500 to 2300 without anal spots. m. Length of Forewings: Males, 18-22 mm; The only Colombian specimens examined females, 17-22 mm. are two males from two localities in Valle (in The male abdomen has moderate ventro- collection JBS). Both have the outer cross line lateral paired tufts on A5, with the hairlike on the undersurface ofthe forewings partially scales ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 mm in length represented with a variable number of ven- (fig. 21). ular spots and faint orange-brown scaling; the The male genitalia (fig. 33) have the anellus hind wings below have just the faintest hint 18 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969 ofthe cross line, and the anal spots are absent. The male abdomen has short ventrolateral These two moths are small, as the length of paired tufts on A5, with both elongate flat- their forewings are 18 and 19 mm. tened scales and hairlike scales, ranging from A total of 100 specimens (506, 502), 14 0.6 to 1.0 mm in length. genitalic dissections (96, 5), and two slide The male genitalia (fig. 35) have the anellus mounts (16, 1Q) of antennae and legs have with a straight process 0.95-1.03 mm long, been studied. extending 0.13 mm beyond the anteriad margin ofthe transtilla, terminally tapered, apex bluntly rounded, minutely spinose; aedeagus Phyle arcuosaria Herrich-Schiiffer (fig. 36) 1.85-2.00 mm long; exserted vesica Figures 11, 35, 36 with lateral lobe on each side at base, having Phyle arcuosaria Herrich-Schiiffer, 1855: p1. 60, from seven to nine cornuti, three basal ones fig. 338; 1858: 62, 82. Guenee, 1857: 380. Walk- on right lobe, and four to six more slender er, 1861: 588. Druce, 1892: 93 (in part, Brazil distal spines. only). Oberthiir, 1916: 92 (in part, Brazil only). The female genitalia have the ductus bur- Fletcher, 1979: 164. sae short, with the right side slightly longer Chlorodes facetaria Guenee, 1857: 380 (nomen than the left, and both sides broadly swollen nudum; listed as synonym ofarcuosaria by Gue- anteriorly; the corpus bursae has the longi- nee). tudinally striate posterior swelling terminat- This species is similar to schausaria but ing toward the left side, and a rather weakly the undersurface is paler, the ventrolateral sclerotized area on the left side. paired tufts on A5 ofthe male abdomen have The original description consisted ofa col- both elongate flattened scales and hairlike ored figure ofthe upper surface of the female scales (only the latter in schausaria), and have of arcuosaria; this was followed in 1858 by a longer process ofthe anellus (0.95-1.03 mm, a listing of the generic and specific names. It compared with 0.67-0.90 mm for schausar- is doubtful if the original specimen(s) is still ia). in existence. It is assumed that the type lo- Males with large globose grayish brown cality, given as "Rio," is Rio de Janeiro, Bra- coxal tuft; hind tibia 8.9 to 10.6 mm long, zil. Only one species of Phyle is known to large, with strong hair pencils on both outer occur in southeastern Brazil; the original fig- and inner surfaces. ure matches females from that area, and so Wings similar in shape to those of schau- there is no question as to the application of saria. the name. Upper surface of wings green, sometimes Specimens are before me from Minas Ger- faintly bluish green; striations reduced; t.a. ais, Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, Parana, and and t.p. lines similar to those of schausaria Santa Catarina. The species probably flies but tending to have moderately strong ven- throughout the year, although I have seen no ular dots; anal spots with larger purplish moths that were caught in December and brown area near posterior end of t.p. line, January. There is a specimen in the USNM with larger silver-white spot and with narrow from the Dognin collection that is labeled silver-white line paralleling veins; fringe very "Perou"; this locality needs to be verified if pale green, with basal black portion thicker. it is to be accepted. Undersurface (fig. 1 1) pale greenish white, Thirty-four specimens (246, 1O), five gen- paler in color than in schausaria, having very italic dissections (36, 22), and two slide little black scaling, and without discal dots. mounts (16, 12) of antennae and legs have Forewings with t.p. line obsolescent, with few been studied. or no dark scales (males) to a weak series of venular dots (females). Hind wings with extradiscal line similar to that offorewings; anal Phyle antioquia, new species dot weakly represented, stronger in females Figures 12, 20, 37, 38 than in males; fringe posteriorly grayer than in schausaria. DIAGNosIs: Similar to arcuosaria but hav- Length of Forewings: Males, 18-21 mm; ing angulate hind wings, and with a strong females, 19-21 mm. orange-brown shading on the outer cross lines 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 19 on the undersurface of the wings. (The fe- Phyle subfulva Herbulot males have not been examined.) Figures 13, 39, 40 DESCRIPTION: Adults: Males with large globose coxal tufts, having cream to pale yellow Phyle subfulva Herbulot, 1982: 69, fig. 12 (male scales outwardly, pale grayish brown inward- genitalia), pl. 3, fig. 10 (paratype female). ly (hind tibia absent in both specimens). This species is similar to antioquia, differ- Forewings similar in shape to those of ar- ing primarily in having a curved process of cuosaria; hind wings with outer margin the anellus, whereas it is straight in antioquia; strongly projecting at vein M3. the orange-brown shading to the outer cross Upper surface darker green than in arcuo- lines on the undersurface ofthe wings is wider saria; striations more numerous but not than in the preceding species. prominent; cross lines similar but tending to Males with large globose coxal tufts, having be less prominent; anal spots with more red cream to pale yellow scales outwardly, dark scaling and with reduced or obsolescent sil- grayish brown inwardly; hind tibia 10.2-1 1.0 ver-white line; fringe yellow, with black basal mm long. portion extending to vein M3. Wing shape similar to that of antioquia. Undersurface (fig. 12) yellowish green, with Upper surface of wings similar to that of scattered black scaling in cell of forewings. antioquia, but with striations fewer and Forewings with prominent discal dot; t.p. line thicker, more noticeable anteriorly on fore- prominently shaded outwardly by orange- wings; cross lines and venular dots redder, brown, 2.5 mm wide. Hind wings without t.p. line widened outwardly at inner margin discal dot; extradiscal line with orange-brown of forewing and wider on hind wings; anal shading anteriorly, and with dark brown anal spots posteriad of broad lilac and reddish spot; fringe with large dark spots at ends of brown distad widening ofextradiscal line, and veins in lower portion of wing. having silver-white line represented; fringe Length of Forewings: Holotype, 22 mm; with wider black basal line. paratype, 20 mm. Undersurface (fig. 13) similar to that ofan- Male abdomen with moderate ventrolat- tioquia, but with larger discal spots on fore- eral paired tufts on A5, having hairlike scales wings, and with orange-brown shading distad about 1.0 mm long. oft.p. line wider, extending 3.5-4.5 mm. Hind Male Genitalia (fig. 37): Anellus with wings with more prominent orange-brown straight process 0.8-0.9 mm long, being be- shading to extradiscal line, 2.0-2.5 mm wide; tween 0.025 mm short of to 0.025 mm be- anal spot grayish black. yond anteriad margin oftranstilla, terminally Lenth ofForewings: Males, 22-24 mm; fe- tapered; apex bluntly rounded, minutely spi- males, 19-24 mm. nose. Aedeagus (fig. 38) 1.9 to 2.0 mm long. The male abdomen has short ventrolateral Exserted vesica with prominent ventral lobe, paired tufts on A5 with both numerous flat- having eight cornuti, three or four thick basal tened scales and hairlike scales being about ones on both sides of lobe, and four or five 0.6 mm in length. more slender distal spines. The male genitalia (fig. 39) have the anellus Female Genitalia: Unknown. with a slight to moderately curved process TYPES: Holotype, male, and paratype, 0.65-0.80 mm long, extending 0.05 mm be- male, Mesopotamia, 5000 ft (1525 m), An- yond anteriad margin oftranstilla, terminally tioquia, Colombia. The genitalia of the ho. weakly tapered, apex square, minutely spi- lotype are mounted on slide FHR 20,154. nose; aedeagus (fig. 40) 2.00-2.05 mm long; Both type specimens are in the collection exserted vesica with single lobe to right of of the AMNH. aedeagus, having about 17-19 cornuti, 5 ba- DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type sally, and with from 12 to 14 distal spines of locality at the northern end of the Cordillera varying length and thickness. Occidental. The female genitalia have the ductus bur- REMARKS: Two specimens and two geni- sae with sides of equal length, more or less talic dissections have been studied. constricted medially, swollen anteriorly; the ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun corpus bursae has the posterior swelling ter- in apposition taken from the type locality. minating toward the left side, and the pos- 20 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969

4. .iI II tl... :1. I. .. i.

38 Figs. 35-38. Male genitalia (right side only) and aedeagi; the latter at slightly larger magnification than the former. 35, 36. Phyle arcuosaria Herrich-Schiiffer. 37, 38. P. antioquia, new species, holotype. 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 21 terolateral area on the left is broadly rounded to length, forming brown to lilac-brown anal and lightly sclerotized. spot, with small semicircular invagination The holotype male is from 16 km ESE of near outer margin, having very small black Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 650 m, spot with white edging at anal angle and with Pichincha, Ecuador, having been caught in obsolescent silver-white line; fringe with bas- January; it is in the Herbulot collection. The al portion narrowly white from vein M3 to remainder of the type series included ten fe- anal spot, black medially and widened at ends males from Pichincha, Napo, and Morona- of veins Cul and Cu2, outer portion grayish Santiago, Ecuador. I have not studied the type to reddish brown posteriorly and gradually series; Herbulot determined his species for changing to green anteriorly. me from a draft version of my key to the Undersurface (fig. 14) similar to that of males. subfulva but with obsolescent discal spots on This species occurs in western Colombia forewings, and with greatly reduced orange- (Valle) and Ecuador (Azuay, Cafiar, Carchi, brown shading on t.p. line. Hind wings with El Oro, Guayas, Imbabura, Napo, and Pi- obsolescent orange-brown shading and ex- chincha). Adults have been caught in most tradiscal line (males), or with line represented months ofthe year, although I have not seen by black venular dots and being narrowly or- specimens taken in March, June, or October. ange-brown (female); both sexes with dull The elevations range from 250 to 2400 m. black anal spots, more strongly represented I have studied 29 specimens (226, 79), 11 in female than in males. genitalic dissections (86, 3Q), and 2 slide Length of Forewings: Holotype, 19 mm; mounts (16, 19) of antennae and legs. paratypes, 19 (male) to 22 (female) mm. Male abdomen with moderate ventrolateral paired tufts on A5, with hairlike scales Phyle albifimbria, new species 1 mm long. Figures 14, 41, 42, 52 Male Genitalia (fig. 41): Anellus with DIAGNOSIS: This species differs from sharply curved process about 0.9-1.0 mm subfulva by the much broader brown or lilac- long, extending 0.1 mm beyond anteriad brown anal spot on the upper surface of the margin oftranstilla, terminally tapered; apex hind wings and by the fringe of the same square, minutely spinose. Aedeagus (fig. 42) wings being narrowly white basally in the 1.9 mm long. Exserted vesica with single lobe posterior part of the wings; the undersurface to right of aedeagus, having 7-10 cornuti, 4- ofall wings has noticeably less orange-brown 6 thick basal ones on lobe and with 3 or 4 scaling along the outer cross lines than in much thinner distal spines. subfulva. The male genitalia have the curved Female Genitalia (fig. 52): Ductus bursae process of the anellus arising from an asym- short, medially constricted, with right side metrical base, and have the apical region more slightly longer than left, enlarged anteriorly. sharply curved than in subfulva; the vesica Corpus bursae with broad posterior swelling has fewer spines than are found in the pre- terminating on left side; posterolateral area ceding species. on left heavily sclerotized, slender, with ir- DESCRIPTlON: Adults: Males with coxal tufts regular posterior margin near ductus bursae, similar to those ofsubfulva but paler brown; becoming slightly enlarged anteriorly and hind tibia shorter, 9.0-9.5 mm long. curving ventrally. Wing shape similar to that of subfulva. TYPES: Holotype, male, Cusco [Cuzco?], Upper surface of wings similar to that of Peru, March 1932 (F. L. Woytkowski). The subfulva, but with striations and cross lines genitalia ofthe holotype are mounted on slide redder brown, former being more numerous FHR 20,182. Paratypes: Satipo, Junin, Peru, basad of t.a. line and in anterior portion of January, 16 [AMNH]; Chapare, 400 m, Bo- forewing, especially in female; t.p. line tend- livia, July 16-26, 1948 (J. Foerster), 19 ing to be more solidly represented between [AMNH]; "Upper Amazon," 16 [CMNH]. venular dots. Hind wings with extradiscal line The holotype is in the collection of the broadly flared above anal angle for 3.0 (males) AMNH; paratypes are in the collections of to 3.5 (females) mm, with width about equal that institution and of the CMNH. 22 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969

42 Figs. 39-42. Male genitalia (right side only) and aedeagi; the latter at slightly larger magnification than the former. 39, 40. Phyle subfulva Herbulot. 41, 42. P. albifimbria, new species, paratype. 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 23

DISTRIBUTION: Peru (Cuzco, Junin) and TYPES: Holotype, male, Pied Saut, Oyapok Bolivia (Chapare), having been captured in River, Fr[ench] Guiana, Feb. 1918 (S. M. January, March, and July. Klages). The genitalia of the holotype are REMARKS: Four specimens (3a, 1 Y) and four mounted on slide FHR 20,212. Paratype: genitalic dissections have been studied. same data as holotype, 18. ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is formed Both type specimens are in the collection from the Latin prefix albi-, "white," and the of the CMNH. Latin fimbria, "fringe," in reference to this DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type diagnostic character on the upper surface of locality in French Guiana, with the moths the hind wings. having been caught in February. The Oya- pock (Oyapok) River forms the boundary be- Phyle orthogonia, new species tween eastern French Guiana and western Figures 2, 15, 43, 44 Amap'a, Brazil. REMARKS: Two specimens and one geni- DIAGNOSIS: This species is similar to al- talic dissection have been studied. bifimbria, differing in that the maculation has ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the a larger brown anal spot on the hind wings Latin orthogonius, "rectangular," in refer- above, and more complete and narrower cross of the large anal spot. lines below; the process of the anellus is ence to the shape broader and more S-shaped. (The females Phyle cartago, new species have not been studied.) 45, 46 DEsCRToN: Adults: Males with coxal tufts Figures 16, similar to those ofalbifimbria; hind tibia 9.5- DIAGNOSIS: This species differs from 10.3 mm long. schausaria by the more prominent cross lines Forewings having apex more sharply on both surfaces of the wings, and by having pointed than in albifimbria. broad spots at the ends of the lines at the Upper surface of wings (fig. 2) similar to inner margin ofthe upper surface ofthe fore- those ofalbifimbria, differing in the forewings wings and at the anal angle ofthe hind wings. having t.p. line below costa more strongly The process of the anellus is shorter than in represented; hind wings with more promi- schausaria and it is apically curved, and the nent extradiscal line and having larger lilac vesica has more spines distally. brown and pale brown anal spot, more or less DESCRIPTION: Adults: Males with coxal tuft rectangular in shape, 3.5-4.0 mm long along similar to those ofschausaria but with thicker extradiscal line, meeting both outer and anal outer covering of cream-colored scales; hind angles at right angles, and with small black tibia 10.5 mm long. anal spot and fringe similar to those of al- Forewings with shape similar to those of bifimbria. schausaria; hind wings with outer margin Undersurface (fig. 15) similar to that ofal- slightly angled. bifimbria but with more complete, narrower Upper surface of wings with numerous cross lines. elongate striations across anterior portion of Length of Forewings: Males, 19 (paratype) forewings as well as in outer area. Forewings to 20 (holotype) mm. with t.a. line indicated primarily by reddish Male abdomen with ventrolateral paired brown venular dots and by small spot basad tufts on A5 more prominent than in albifim- at inner margin; with faint indication oflarge bria, with hairlike scales 1.5 mm long. discal spot; t.p. line represented by dark spot Male Genitalia (fig. 43): Anellus with broad, on vein R5, with remainder ofline consisting slightly S-shaped process 0.9 mm long, ex- of elongate, reddish brown venular dots and tending 0.1 mm beyond anteriad margin of slender, pale greenish yellow connecting line, transtilla, terminally tapered; apex rounded, and having broad triangular area distad at broadly and minutely spinose. Aedeagus (fig. inner margin. Hind wings with extradiscal 44) 1.95 mm long. Exserted vesica with single line straighter than in schausaria, more pointed lobe to right of aedeagus, having 10 prominent, tending to be enlarged distad on cornuti, 6 thick basal ones on lobe, and with veins, having posterior 3.0-4.0 mm of line 4 thinner ones distally. enlarged into grayish lilac to reddish lilac anal 24 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969

-0 .,.-

% :s

7 .1-.OTI

46 Figs. 43-46. Male genitalia (right side only) and aedeagi; the latter at slightly larger magnification than the former. 43, 44. Phyle orthogonia, new species, holotype (CMNH). 45, 46. P. cartago, new species, holotype (USNM). 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 25 spot, with prominent black dot broadly shad- Moravia, March 12-13, 1983 (W. Warfield ed distad by white, followed distad by reddish and M. H. Evans), at UV light, 19 [CU]. brown area, and with short silvery white line The holotype is in the collection of the present; fringe narrowly black at base pos- USNM; paratypes are in that collection and teriorly at least as far anteriorly as vein M3, in CU. prominently widened opposite veins CuI and DISTRIBUTION: The Province of Cartago, Cu2. Costa Rica, with the moths having been Undersurface (fig. 16) with forewings hav- caught in March, May, and June. DeVries ing dark gray striations and variably sized (1987: 286) listed Tuis as being in the pre- discal spot in cell; t.p. line variable, ranging montane rain forest life zone, and Juan Vinas from being nebulous and faintly shaded on in the lower montane wet forest life zone. outer side in middle ofwing by faint orange- REMARKS: Four specimens and three gen- brown area, to being prominent, with dark italic dissections (26, 19) have been studied. venular spots, shaded with orange-brown, 2.0 There is considerable variation in the mac- mm wide in males, 3.5 mm in females. Hind ulation of the above specimens. After study- wings with either faint indication ofcross line ing versatile (below), with its greater number or with extradiscal line complete, of equal of individuals and with their differences in width for entire length, orange-brown, faint color and pattern, as compared with the gen- in males, more prominent in females; anal italic structures, I have placed the four Car- spot absent in males, appearing as widening tago moths under the same name. ofextradiscal line in females; fringe with dark ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun spots opposite ends of veins Cu, and Cu2. in apposition taken from the type locality. Length of Forewings: Holotype, 21 mm; paratypes, male, 21 mm, females, 19-22 mm. Phyle neblina, new species Male abdomen with short ventrolateral Figures 3, 17, 47, 48 paired tufts on A5, with hairlike scales 0.6 mm in length. DiAGNoSIS: This species is recognized by Male Genitalia (fig. 45): Anellus with the almost immaculate green of the upper curved process 0.80-0.81 mm long, varying surface of the wings due to the lack of cross from just attaining anteriad edge oftranstilla lines, and by the undersurface of each fore- to extending 0.1 mm posteriad thereof, weak- wing having a prominent discal dot and t.p. ly to moderately curved at tip, slightly ta- line. The male genitalia have an elongate, pered; apex round or blunt, minutely spinose. apically curved process of the anellus, and Aedeagus (fig. 46) 2.05 mm long. Exserted the vesica has about 13 thin distal spines. vesica with prominent lobe to right of ae- DESCRIPrIoN: Adults: Male with coxal tuft deagus, having 12-14 cornuti, 5 thicker basal similar to that of schausaria; hind tibia 10.0 ones and from 7 to 9 thinner distal spines. mm long. Female Genitalia: Ductus bursae short, Forewings with apex not as pointed as in broad, right side straight and longer than me- schausaria; hind wings with outer margin dially concave left side, latter swollen ante- evenly rounded. riorly. Corpus bursae with median posterior Upper surface of wings (fig. 3) an almost swelling; posterolateral area on left weakly immaculate green, evenly and sparsely cov- sclerotized, poorly defined. ered with grayish black scales; cross lines ab- TYPES: Holotype, male, Tuis [1200 m, Car- sent or only very faintly indicated, slightly tago], Costa Rica, May (Schaus and Barnes). stronger in female than in male; forewings The genitalia ofthe holotype are mounted on with a slender grayish lilac costa; hind wings slide FHR 20,192. Paratypes, all from Car- with anal spot small, red, with a few black tago, Costa Rica: Finca Llanos de Quetzel, scales medially; fringe yellow, with very slen- 1400 m, 83024'W, 9048'N, March 11-12, 1983 der dark basal line in lower part ofhind wings (W. Warfield and M. H. Evans), at UV [ul- of male. traviolet] light, 1 [CU]; Juan Vinas [1300 Undersurface (fig. 17) pale green. Fore- m], June (Schaus and Barnes), 19 [USNM]; wings with dark costa, scattered dark scaling 26 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969 across anterior portion, a prominent grayish variably shaded by orange-brown, and by the black discal spot, and with t.p. line repre- very long and straight process of the anellus sented by small black venular dots, shaded that extends to at least one-half the width of in middle of wing by orange-brown, faintly the transtilla. and 2.0 mm wide in male, more broadly (3.0 DEscRrpION: Adults: Males with coxal tufts mm) and brightly in female. Hind wings with similar to those ofschausaria; hind tibia 9.0- obsolescent extradiscal line anteriorly, 10.0 mm long. stronger in female than in male; anal spot Forewings with less attenuate apex than in absent. schausaria, with outer margin varying from Length of Forewings: Holotype, 21 mm; being straight to slightly convex; hind wings paratype, female, 22 mm. with outer margin rounded or weakly angled. Male abdomen with moderate ventrolat- Upper surface of wings (fig. 4) with elon- eral paired tufts on A5, with hairlike scales gate striations across anterior portion offore- 1.0 mm in length. wings as well as in outer area. Forewings with Male Genitalia (fig. 47): Anellus with t.a. line varying from obsolescent to com- curved, weakly S-shaped process 1.17 mm plete, stronger in females than in males; t.p. long, extending 0.2 mm posteriad ofanterior line clearly defined except below costa. Hind margin oftranstilla; apically bluntly pointed, wings with prominent extradiscal line, very minutely spinose. Aedeagus (fig. 48) 2.2 mm slightly curved; anal spot variable in size, red- long. Exserted vesica with prominent lobe to dish brown, lilac, or grayish lilac above anal right ofaedeagus, having 22 cornuti, 7 thicker angle, with small black dot broadly shaded basal ones and 15 thinner distal spines. distally by white, and with slender silvery Female Genitalia: Ductus bursae with sides white line present; fringe black basally as far of about equal length, straight, without no- as vein M3, widened opposite veins Cul and ticeable swelling anteriad. Corpus bursae with Cu2. posterior swelling apparently terminating on Undersurface (fig. 18) with variable mac- right side; posterolateral area on left heavily ulation. Forewings with faint to prominent sclerotized, with sharply defined, nearly par- discal spot; t.p. line complete in most spec- allel margins. imens, varying from line of black venular TYPES: Holotype, male, Cerro de la Neb- spots to having narrow to broad (4.0 mm) lina, Camp II,0°49' 41"N, 6558' 56"W, 2085 orange-brown shading in center ofwing. Hind m, Amazonas, Venezuela, Feb. 15-22, 1984 wings with partial to complete extradiscal line, (T. McCabe). The genitalia of the holotype shading similar to that of forewings; grayish are mounted on slide FHR 20,194. Paratype: black anal spot absent to strongly represent- Same data as holotype although the label does ed. not have "Camp II," and the name of the Length of Forewings: Holotype, 22 mm; collector is printed as T. L. McCabe, 1Q. males, 17 to 22 mm; females, 17 to 23 mm. Both type specimens are in the collection Male abdomen with very prominent ven- of the USNM. trolateral paired tufts on A5, with hairlike DISTIUBUTION: Southernmost Venezuela, scales up to 2.0 mm in length, usually visible being known only from the Cerro de la Neb- without dissecting (fig. 22). lina, and having been caught in February. Male Genitalia (fig. 49): Anellus with REMARKS: Two specimens and two geni- straight process 0.9-1.3 mm long, extending talic dissections have been studied. 0.1-0.3 mm posteriad of anterior margin of ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun transtilla, base with or without weak con- in apposition taken from the type locality. striction, terminally tapered; apex broadly rounded, minutely spinose. Aedeagus (fig. 50) 1.8-1.9 mm long. Exserted vesica with prom- Phyle versatile, new species inent, flattened, apically pointed lobe to right Figures 4, 18, 19, 22, 49, 50 ofaedeagus, having 7-12 cornuti, 3-6 thicker DiAGNOSIS: This species differs from the basal ones, and from 3 to 6 somewhat thinner preceding ones in having the complete cross distal spines. lines on the undersurface of all wings being Female Genitalia: Ductus bursae with sides 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 27

I _5F, ,. _ lv Figs. 47-50. Male genitalia (right side only) and aedeagi; the latter at slightly larger magnification than the former. 47, 48. Phyle neblina, new species, holotype (USNM). 49, 50. P. new paratype. versatile, species, 28 AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES NO. 2969

51. 52 Figs. 51, 52. Female genitalia. 51. Phyle aspilotos, new species, paratype. 52. P. albifimbria, new species, paratype. ofabout equal length, weakly constricted me- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia (Cundinimarca), dially, anteriorly scarcely swollen or with left Ecuador (Imbabura, Morona Santiago, Napo, side enlarged more than right. Corpus bursae Pastaza, Pichincha, Zamora-Chinchipe), Peru with posterior swelling terminating medially (Cuzco, Huanuco, Junin, Puno), Bolivia or toward left side; posterolateral area on left (Cochabamba, La Paz), and Argentina (For- well sclerotized, convex anterolaterally. mosa). The adults have been captured at el- TYPES: Holotype, male, near San Rafael evations between 700 and 3000 m, and in Falls, 4600 ft [1400 m], 69 km NE Baeza, 15 every month ofthe year. Elevations by coun- km SW Reveatador, Napo, Ecuador, Oct. 29, try, based on specimen labels: Colombia, 1800 1988 (J. S. Miller). The genitalia of the ho- m; Ecuador, 700-2400 m; Peru, 730-1300 lotype are mounted on slide FHR 20,178. m; Bolivia, 2000-3000 m. Paratypes, all from Ecuador: Zamora, REMARKS: One hundred eleven specimens "Zamora-Santiago" [Zamora-Chinchipe], (526, 59Q), 28 genitalic dissections (146, 149), March 27-31, 1965 (L. E. Peina), 36; 3 km and two slide mounts of male antennae and (air) SE Zamora, 1200 m, Zamora-Chin- legs have been studied. chipe, June 1-3, 1986 (S. McKamey), 38; When analyzing this species, various Quito to Santo Domingo, 1200 m, Pichincha, groupings were attempted, such as those based Feb. 25, 1965 (L. E. Pefia), 16; Tandapi, on on the maculation on the undersurface ofthe road from Alaog to Santo Domingo, 1500 m, wings, wet vs. dry seasons, eastern vs. west- Pichincha, Jan. 28, 1971 (L. E. Penia), 16. The ern slopes of the Andes, and northern vs. type series is restricted to Ecuadorian males southern Andes; genitalic dissections were that I have dissected. made from all ofthese groups. Not only were The holotype and paratypes are in the col- there differences within the different group- lection of the AMNH. ings but also, to a much smaller degree, with- 1990 RINDGE: MOTH GENUS PHYLE 29 in the genitalia. The latter were so much more boring states. Part II. Cornell Univ. Agr. constant than the wing characters that the Exp. Sta. 274: 263 pp., 255 figs. only conclusion that I was able to reach is Guenee, A. that versatile is the most widespread species 1857. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Species and that it is the most variable. general des lepidopteres. Paris 9: lvi + in the genus, 514 pp. The extremes in variation in the maculation Herbulot, C. on the undersurface appear to equal specific 1982. Nouveaux Geometridae des Moluques, differences in other taxa in Phyle. d'Afrique et d'Amerique du Sud. Misc. ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is from the Entomol. 49: 57-70, pl. 3, text figs. 1- Latin versatilis, "changeable," in reference to 14. the maculation on the undersurface of the Herrich-Schiffer, G. A. W. wings. 1850-1858. Sammlung neuer oder wenig be- kannter Aussereuropaischer Schmetter- REFERENCES linge. Regensburg, 1-84, pls. 1-96, figs. 1-551. DeVries, P. J. McGuffin, W. C. 1987. The butterflies ofCosta Rica. Princeton, 1972. Guide to the Geometridae of Canada N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press. (Lepidoptera). II. Subfamily Ennomi- Druce, H. nae. 1. Mem. Entomol. Soc. Canada 86: 1891-1900. Biologia Centrali-Americana. In- 159 pp., 239 figs. secta. Lepidoptera-Heterocera. Lon- Oberthuir, C. don 2: 1-622. 1916. Etudes de Lepidopterologie comparee. Edwards, H. Rennes 12: 1-527. 1884. Notes on Mexican Lepidoptera with de- Prout, L. B. scriptions ofnew species. Papilio 4: 11- 1912. Geometridae: Brephinae, Oenochrom- 19. inae. Lepidopterorum Catalogus 8: 1- Fletcher, D. S. 94. 1979. In I. W. B. Nye, The generic names of Walker, F. moths of the world. London, British 1861. List of the specimens of lepidopterous Museum (Nat. Hist.), 3, Geometroidea: insects in the collection of the British xx + 243 pp. Museum 22: 499-755. London: British Forbes, W. T. M. Museum. 1948. Lepidoptera of New York and neigh-

Recent issues of the Novitates may be purchased from the Museum. Lists of back issues of the Novitates, Bulletin, and Anthropological Papers published during the last five years are available free of charge. Address orders to: American Museum of Natural History Library, Department D, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, N.Y. 10024.

THIS PUBLICATION IS PRINTED ON ACID-FREE PAPER.