Congress on Privacy & Surveillance
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Meeting the Privacy Movement
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Jacob Appelbaum, Wikileaks Activist and Tor Project Leader, Travels to Beijing to Work with Artist/Activist Ai We
Breaking News: Jacob Appelbaum, Wikileaks activist and Tor Project leader, travels to Beijing to work with artist/activist Ai Weiwei for Rhizome's Seven on Seven conference at the New Museum. Laura Poitras documents the pair in her first film since Citizenfour, premiering excerpts at the event on May 2. On Saturday, April 19, Jacob Appelbaum—notable Wikileaks and Tor Project activist—traveled to Beijing for five days to take part in a collaboration with dissident artist Ai Weiwei, at the invitation of art- meets-tech organization Rhizome, on the occasion of the seventh Seven on Seven conference at the New Museum. Director Laura Poitras, whose portrait of Edward Snowden won the 2015 Academy Award for Documentary Feature, filmed the duo's work. Seven on Seven is an annual signature conference with a unique format that pairs artists and technologists together to make something new in 24 hours. The pair worked to create an artwork that underscores their mutual concerns with privacy, surveillance, and their state-restricted movement. Excerpts of the short film documenting this collaboration—Poitras' first since Citizenfour—will be premiered at the event, held at New Museum in New York on May 2, and the final film will be released online later in May. The Appelbaum/Ai collaboration was organized by Heather Corcoran, Executive Director of Rhizome, who said: “It was important to bring together these two courageous people who are disseminating their messages using art and technology, respectively, and facing similar levels of scrutiny and hardship as a result. It represents the best that Rhizome achieves with Seven on Seven, which brings the worlds of technology and art into closer proximity, to share strategies for thinking critically about digital culture and communicating those ideas. -
Selecting Cryptographic Key Sizes
J. Cryptology (2001) 14: 255–293 DOI: 10.1007/s00145-001-0009-4 © 2001 International Association for Cryptologic Research Selecting Cryptographic Key Sizes Arjen K. Lenstra Citibank, N.A., 1 North Gate Road, Mendham, NJ 07945-3104, U.S.A. [email protected] and Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Eric R. Verheul PricewaterhouseCoopers, GRMS Crypto Group, Goudsbloemstraat 14, 5644 KE Eindhoven, The Netherlands eric.verheul@[nl.pwcglobal.com, pobox.com] Communicated by Andrew Odlyzko Received September 1999 and revised February 2001 Online publication 14 August 2001 Abstract. In this article we offer guidelines for the determination of key sizes for symmetric cryptosystems, RSA, and discrete logarithm-based cryptosystems both over finite fields and over groups of elliptic curves over prime fields. Our recommendations are based on a set of explicitly formulated parameter settings, combined with existing data points about the cryptosystems. Key words. Symmetric key length, Public key length, RSA, ElGamal, Elliptic curve cryptography, Moore’s law. 1. Introduction 1.1. The Purpose of This Paper Cryptography is one of the most important tools that enable e-commerce because cryp- tography makes it possible to protect electronic information. The effectiveness of this protection depends on a variety of mostly unrelated issues such as cryptographic key size, protocol design, and password selection. Each of these issues is equally important: if a key is too small, or if a protocol is badly designed or incorrectly used, or if a pass- word is poorly selected or protected, then the protection fails and improper access can be gained. In this article we give some guidelines for the determination of cryptographic key sizes. -
K:\Buchanan\Mkelley\Order Opinions\Wikileaks\11-Dm-3
Case 1:11-dm-00003-TCB Document 38 Filed 03/11/11 Page 1 of 20 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF VIRGINIA Alexandria Division ) ) ) ) ) In Re: §2703(d) Order; 10GJ3793 ) Miscellaneous No. 1:11dm00003 ) ) ) ) ) ) MEMORANDUM OPINION This matter came before the Court the Motion of Real Parties in Interest Jacob Appelbaum, Birgitta Jonsdottir, and Rop Gonggrijp to Vacate December 14, 2010 Order (“Motion to Vacate”, Dkt. 1) and Motion of Real Parties in Interest Jacob AppelBaum, Rop Gonggrijp, and Birgitta Jonsdottir for Unsealing of Sealed Court Records. (“Motion to Unseal”, Dkt. 3). For the following reasons, petitioners’ Motion to Vacate is DENIED, and petitioners’ Motion to Unseal is DENIED in part, GRANTED in part, and taken under further consideration in part. BACKGROUND Petitioners are Twitter users associated with account names of interest to the government. Petitioner Jacob Appelbaum (Twitter name “ioerror”) is a United States citizen and resident, described as a computer security researcher. (Pet. Motion to Unseal at 3). Rop Gonggrijp (Twitter name “rop_g”) is a Dutch citizen and computer security specialist. Id. Birgitta Case 1:11-dm-00003-TCB Document 38 Filed 03/11/11 Page 2 of 20 Jonsdottir (Twitter name “birgittaj”) is an Icelandic citizen and resident. She currently serves as a member of the Parliament of Iceland. Id. On December 14, 2010, upon the government’s ex parte motion, the Court entered a sealed Order (“Twitter Order”) pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 2703(d) of the Stored Communications Act, which governs government access to customer records stored by a service provider. -
The Art of Dissident Domesticity Julian Assange, King Prempeh, and Ethnographic Conceptualism in the Prison House
The Art of Dissident Domesticity Julian Assange, King Prempeh, and Ethnographic Conceptualism in the Prison House Khadija von Zinnenburg Carroll, Michał Murawski, and Jesse Weaver Shipley What happens to domestic life when the state turns a troublesome sub- ject’s home into a prison, when an outlaw evading custody turns an extra- territorial space, such as an embassy, into a home? How is a foreign sov- ereign transformed into an imperial citizen- subject through exile, house arrest, and return? Exile and forced domesticity have long linked sover- eignty to the power to determine intimate life. Centuries- old practices of house arrest and diplomatic asylum have taken on new forms in recent decades in the wake of emerging surveillance technologies and changing relationships between information, territory, and sovereignty. This article examines two quite distinct, high- prole celebrity instances of what we call dissident domesticity. In the rst case, Prempeh I, the last sovereign king of Asante, is exiled by the British from his capital of Kumasi, in what is now Ghana, and placed under house arrest in the Seychelles to end a war of British imperial conquest. In the second case, WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange, the twenty- rst century’s iconic dissident, seeks asylum in the Ecuadorian embassy in London to avoid arrest and extradition. Prempeh’s exile on the edge of empire and Assange’s connement at its center show how the ght over the control of information, and those who circulate it, converges with the struggle for the control of territory, and those who police it, transverse it, and are trapped by it. -
NSA) Surveillance Programmes (PRISM) and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Activities and Their Impact on EU Citizens' Fundamental Rights
DIRECTORATE GENERAL FOR INTERNAL POLICIES POLICY DEPARTMENT C: CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS The US National Security Agency (NSA) surveillance programmes (PRISM) and Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) activities and their impact on EU citizens' fundamental rights NOTE Abstract In light of the recent PRISM-related revelations, this briefing note analyzes the impact of US surveillance programmes on European citizens’ rights. The note explores the scope of surveillance that can be carried out under the US FISA Amendment Act 2008, and related practices of the US authorities which have very strong implications for EU data sovereignty and the protection of European citizens’ rights. PE xxx.xxx EN AUTHOR(S) Mr Caspar BOWDEN (Independent Privacy Researcher) Introduction by Prof. Didier BIGO (King’s College London / Director of the Centre d’Etudes sur les Conflits, Liberté et Sécurité – CCLS, Paris, France). Copy-Editing: Dr. Amandine SCHERRER (Centre d’Etudes sur les Conflits, Liberté et Sécurité – CCLS, Paris, France) Bibliographical assistance : Wendy Grossman RESPONSIBLE ADMINISTRATOR Mr Alessandro DAVOLI Policy Department Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs European Parliament B-1047 Brussels E-mail: [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSIONS Original: EN ABOUT THE EDITOR To contact the Policy Department or to subscribe to its monthly newsletter please write to: [email protected] Manuscript completed in MMMMM 200X. Brussels, © European Parliament, 200X. This document is available on the Internet at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/studies DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this document are the sole responsibility of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position of the European Parliament. -
NSA's MORECOWBELL
NSA's MORECOWBELL: Knell for DNS Christian Grothoff Matthias Wachs Monika Ermert Jacob Appelbaum Inria TU Munich Heise Verlag Tor Project 1 Introduction On the net, close to everything starts with a request to the Domain Name System (DNS), a core Internet protocol to allow users to access Internet services by names, such as www.example.com, instead of using numeric IP addresses, like 2001:DB8:4145::4242. Developed in the \Internet good old times" the contemporary DNS is like a large network activity chart for the visually impaired. Consequently, it now attracts not only all sorts of commercially-motivated surveillance, but, as new documents of the NSA spy program MORECOWBELL confirm, also the National Security Agency. Given the design weaknesses of DNS, this begs the question if DNS be secured and saved, or if it has to be replaced | at least for some use cases. In the last two years, there has been a flurry of activity to address security and privacy in DNS at the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the body that documents the DNS standards. The Internet Architecture Board, peer body of the IETF, just called on the engineers to use encryption everywhere, possibly including DNS. [4] A recent draft [6] by the IETF on DNS privacy starts by acknowledging that the DNS \... is one of the most important infrastructure components of the Internet and one of the most often ignored or misunderstood. Almost every activity on the Internet starts with a DNS query (and often several). Its use has many privacy implications ..." Despite seemingly quick consensus on this assessment, the IETF is not expecting that existing industry solutions will change the situation anytime soon: \It seems today that the possibility of massive encryption of DNS traffic is very remote." [5] From a surveillance perspective, DNS currently treats all information in the DNS database as public data. -
Four Integer Factorization Algorithms NA Carella, September, 2010 Abstract
Four Integer Factorization Algorithms N. A. Carella, September, 2010 Abstract: The theoretical aspects of four integer factorization algorithms are discussed in detail in this note. The focus is on the performances of these algorithms on the subset of difficult to factor balanced integers N = pq , p < q < 2 p. The running time complexity of these algorithms ranges from deterministic exponential time complexity O(N1/2 ) to heuristic and unconditional logarithmic time complexity O(log( N)c), c > 0 constant. 1. INTRODUCTION Let p and q be a pair of primes. As far as time complexity is concerned, the subset of balanced integers N = pq , where p < q < ap , and a > 0 is a fixed parameter, is the most important subset of integers. The subset of balanced integers B(x) = { N = pq ≤ x : p < q < ap } of cardinality B(x) = O(x / log 2 x) has zero density in the set of all nonnegative integers, see Proposition 4. Accordingly, the factorization of a random integer is unlikely to be as difficult as a balanced integer of the same size. This article discusses the theoretical aspects of four integer factorization algorithms acting on the subset of balanced integers in details. These algorithms are described in Theorems 2, 3, 5, 13 and 14, respectively. The emphasis is on the performances of these algorithms on the subset of difficult to factor balanced integers. The running time complexity of these algorithms ranges from deterministic exponential time complexity O(N1/2 ) to heuristic and unconditional deterministic logarithmic time complexity O(log( N)c), c > 0 constant. -
New Wikileaks 'Spy Files' Show Global Surveillance Industry 1 December 2011, by Alice Ritchie
New WikiLeaks 'spy files' show global surveillance industry 1 December 2011, by Alice Ritchie One of them, 74-year-old writer Mahmud Al-Naku, campaigned against Kadhafi in exile and has now been named his country's ambassador to London by the victorious new former rebel government. Another figure on the surveillance list was Atia Lawgali, 60, who has since been named Libya's new minister of culture. Several more Libyan and western figures are on the list, contained in a leaked screenshot. Kadhafi's regime has been accused of sending agents to harass and even kill opposition figures in exile. WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange launched the Owni also published the user manual provided to website's new project Thursday, the publication of the Libyans to operate their Internet spying system, hundreds of files detailing a global industry that gives which it boasts can intercept emails and webmail, governments tools to spy on their citizens. VOIP calls, instant messages and search engine requests. Contacted by AFP, Amesys said that Libya had WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange launched the been under no trade embargo after 2003, and that website's new project Thursday, the publication of a number of French and international companies files it claims shows a global industry that gives had done business with Kadhafi's government. dictatorships tools to spy on their citizens. "Amesys delivered the Libyan authorities In parallel to Assange's announcement, Wikileaks' equipment and had no control over the use to partner Owni.fr released evidence that a French which it was put," said the firm, which was bought firm helped Moamer Kadhafi's former Libyan by the French electronic group Bull in 2010. -
Integer Factoring
Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 19, 101–128 (2000) c 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston. Manufactured in The Netherlands. Integer Factoring ARJEN K. LENSTRA [email protected] Citibank, N.A., 1 North Gate Road, Mendham, NJ 07945-3104, USA Abstract. Using simple examples and informal discussions this article surveys the key ideas and major advances of the last quarter century in integer factorization. Keywords: Integer factorization, quadratic sieve, number field sieve, elliptic curve method, Morrison–Brillhart Approach 1. Introduction Factoring a positive integer n means finding positive integers u and v such that the product of u and v equals n, and such that both u and v are greater than 1. Such u and v are called factors (or divisors)ofn, and n = u v is called a factorization of n. Positive integers that can be factored are called composites. Positive integers greater than 1 that cannot be factored are called primes. For example, n = 15 can be factored as the product of the primes u = 3 and v = 5, and n = 105 can be factored as the product of the prime u = 7 and the composite v = 15. A factorization of a composite number is not necessarily unique: n = 105 can also be factored as the product of the prime u = 5 and the composite v = 21. But the prime factorization of a number—writing it as a product of prime numbers—is unique, up to the order of the factors: n = 3 5 7isthe prime factorization of n = 105, and n = 5 is the prime factorization of n = 5. -
Hackers-Class-Final-2015.Pdf
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-= Winter 2015 edition// ____ Hackers, the Class Doing it for phun since 2003 (No, you©re not hallucinating, it©s a dragon) ___====-_ _-====___ __--^^^ // \\ ^^^--_ _-^ // ( ) \\ ^-_ - // |\^^/| \\ - _/ // (0::0) \\ \_ / (( \\// )) \ - \\ (oo) // - - \\ / \/ \ // - - \\/ \// - / /| /\ ( ) /\ |\ \ |/ | /\_/\_/\_/ \_/\ ( /\ ) /\_/ \_/\_/\_/\ | \| ` |/ V V ` V \_(| | | |)_/ V ' V V \| ' ` ` ` ` / | | | | \ ' ' ' ' <( | | | | )> <__\_| | | |_\__> ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- Professor: Dr. Gabriella Coleman Office: West Arts 285 Office hours: Sign up sheet Tuesday 2:30-3:30 PM or by appointment Phone: 514-398-8572 E-mail: [email protected] -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- OVERVIEW This course examines computer hackers to interrogate not only the ethics and technical practices of hacking, but to examine more broadly how hackers and hacking have transformed the politics of computing and the Internet more generally. We will examine how hacker values are realized and constituted by different legal, technical, and ethical activities of computer hackingÐfor example, free software production, cyberactivism and hactivism, cryptography, and the prankish games of hacker underground. We will pay close attention to how ethical principles are variably represented and thought of by hackers, journalists, and academics and we will use the example of hacking to address various topics on -
Factorization of a 512–Bit RSA Modulus?
Factorization of a 512{Bit RSA Modulus? Stefania Cavallar3,BruceDodson8,ArjenK.Lenstra1,WalterLioen3, Peter L. Montgomery10, Brian Murphy2, Herman te Riele3, Karen Aardal13, 4 11 9 5 View metadata, citation and similar papersJeff at core.ac.uk Gilchrist ,G´erard Guillerm ,PaulLeyland ,Jo¨el Marchand , brought to you by CORE 6 12 14 Fran¸cois Morain , Alec Muffett , Chris and Craig Putnamprovided,and by Infoscience - École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne Paul Zimmermann7 1 Citibank, 1 North Gate Road, Mendham, NJ 07945–3104, USA [email protected] 2 Computer Sciences Laboratory, ANU, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia [email protected] 3 CWI, P.O. Box 94079, 1090 GB Amsterdam, The Netherlands {cavallar,walter,herman}@cwi.nl 4 Entrust Technologies Ltd., 750 Heron Road, Suite E08, Ottawa, ON, K1V 1A7, Canada [email protected] 5 Laboratoire Gage, Ecole´ Polytechnique/CNRS, Palaiseau, France [email protected] 6 Laboratoire d’Informatique, Ecole´ Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France [email protected] 7 Inria Lorraine and Loria, Nancy, France [email protected] 8 Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA [email protected] 9 Microsoft Research Ltd, Cambridge, UK [email protected] 10 780 Las Colindas Road, San Rafael, CA 94903–2346 USA Microsoft Research and CWI [email protected] 11 SITX (Centre of IT resources), Ecole´ Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France [email protected] 12 Sun Microsystems, Riverside Way, Watchmoor Park, Camberley, UK [email protected] 13 Dept. of Computer Science,