DOCSLIB.ORG

Patricio Chilano Mateo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Patricio Chilano Mateo UEFI Support for Memtest86+ Patricio Chilano Mateo 1 MEMTEST86+ http://www.memtest.org/ • Memory diagnostic tool for x86 and x86-64 platforms • Release History - Initial release on 2004 as a fork of Memtest86 v3.0 - Latest release on 2013 as v5.01 - Released under GPL • Written in C and x86 • Features - Support for most modern CPUs and chipsets - 2TB of RAM on x86-64 - SMT support for up to 32 cores (experimental) - Coreboot support 2 UEFI • Interface between firmware and operating system • Provides Boot and Runtime services • Advantages - Avoid CPU real mode - Slow - Only 1MB address space - Larger disks (2T) by means of GPT - Bootmanager - Flexible bootloader setup - Better interface - Mouse support - Graphics - UEFI Applications (shell) Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface 3 Goal • Memtest86+ limitations (vs MemTest86) - Runs in BIOS environment - int 0x15 for getting memory size - VGA framebuffers for screen - int 0x10 for loading disk sectors (bootloader code, so probably not needed) • Most modern motherboards have UEFI firmware • Add support to run in UEFI - Compile as UEFI application (Maybe CDROM image) - 32 bit initially - Run in a UEFI platform (Galileo or Minnowboard) 4 Booting in UEFI • EFI System Partition (ESP) - Extra partition in GPT disk - Contains EFI drivers, applications, boot loaders - FAT32 file system (could be fat16) - Convention to store bootloaders - /EFI/Ubuntu, /EFI/redhat, /EFI/boot • NVRAM with list of boot options - How to save items in NVRAM? - If booted in UEFI mode use efibootmgr (linux) • Bootmanager - Reads NVRAM list, tries each item until one doesn’t return • MACS do it a bit different - EFI firmware read HFS+ and loads bootlader 5 Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table Development Tools • GNU-EFI - Simpler to use - Requires wrapping of function calls • TianoCore EFI Development Kit (EDKII) - Support for advanced or new EFI features • qemu • OVMF (Open Virtual Machine Firmware) - Tianocore image to run on Qemu • gdb - attach gdb to qemu to debug applications 6 Code Base (Memtest86+) • C ~ 15000 lines (*) - 4000 in controller.c - interacts with the memory controller - reads and writes using pci (pci.c ~ 200 loc) - 2500 in main.c and init.c - initializes the screen and calls the tests (not sure if should change) - 1200 in custom libc - 1500 in test.c - 650 in error.c - 700 in smp.c (multicore support) - 350 in memsize.c - gets memory information from linuxbios.c - 127 in screen_buffer.c - uses the VGA buffer to write to screen • X86 Assembly ~ 1400 • 900 in head.S - Configures final gdt and idt, reloctes code and calls test_start() in main.c • bootsect.S and setup.S should not be used (*) Lots of inline assembly in C code 7 Lines of Code to Write • Getting memory information (~400) • Printing to screen (~900) • Managing relocations (~300) • Exisiting memory controller shouldn’t change • Bootloader code should not be used if UEFI Application - Check in case of CDROM image • main (not sure) • Total > 1600 lines 8 Schedule (Optimistic) • 10 weeks remaining • Stage I (1 – 2 weeks) - Understand existing code - Develop sample UEFI applications • Stage II (~2 weeks) - Compile memtest86+ as UEFI application - Retrieve memory information • Stage III (~2-3 weeks) - Replace VGA framebuffers and print to screen • Stage IV (~2 weeks) - Debugging / making it work - Fix relocations problems if necessary - Stage V (~1 week) - Try in real hardware 9 Challenges • Understanding memtest86+ code base • Reading UEFI spec (some!) • UEFI development environment - Build complex applications with mix of x86 Assembly - C • Calling UEFI services • UEFI memory mappings (memtest86+ relocates itself) • Debug uefi applications in qemu using gdb 10 Documentation • UEFI specification • http://www.uefi.org/sites/default/files/resources/UEFI_Spec_2_7.pdf • UEFI Programming • https://www.rodsbooks.com/efi-programming/index.html • http://wiki.osdev.org/UEFI#Developing_with_GNU-EFI • Intel Software Developer Manual • https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/intel-sdm#combined 11 Additional features (would be nice) • Native 64 bit code • Add mouse support • Write reports/logs in external drive • Secure Boot • Bootable from USB/CD - Dual Boot (BIOS and UEFI support in single image) 12.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Implementation of a Linux Kernel Module to Stress Test Memory Subsystems in X86 Architecture
    Robert Taylor Implementation of a Linux Kernel Module to Stress Test Memory Subsystems in x86 Architecture Helsinki Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Bachelor of Engineering Information Technology 27th February 2011 Abstract Author(s) Robert Taylor Title Implementation of a Linux Kernel Module to Stress Test Memory Subsystems in x86 Architecture Number of Pages 36 pages Date 27 February 2011 Degree Bachelor of Engineering Degree Programme Information Technology Specialisation option Software Engineering Antti Piironen, Dr (Project Supervisor) Instructors Janne Kilpelainen (Hardware Supervisor, NSN) Antti Virtaniemi (Software Supervisor, NSN) The aim of the project was to implement software which would stress test the memory subsystem of x86 based hardware for Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN). The software was to be used in the validation process of memory components during hardware develop- ment. NSN used a number of software tools during this process. However, none met all their requirements and a custom piece of software was required. NSN produced a detailed requirements specification which formed the basis of the project. The requirements left the implementation method open to the developer. After analysing the requirements document, a feasibility study was undertaken to determine the most fitting method of implementation. The feasibility study involved detailed discussions with senior engineers and architects within both the hardware and software fields at NSN. The study concluded that a Linux kernel module met the criteria best. The software was successfully implemented as a kernel module and met the majority of the requirements set by NSN. The software is currently in use at NSN and is being actively updated and maintained.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Linux Symposium
    Proceedings of the Linux Symposium Volume One June 27th–30th, 2007 Ottawa, Ontario Canada Contents The Price of Safety: Evaluating IOMMU Performance 9 Ben-Yehuda, Xenidis, Mostrows, Rister, Bruemmer, Van Doorn Linux on Cell Broadband Engine status update 21 Arnd Bergmann Linux Kernel Debugging on Google-sized clusters 29 M. Bligh, M. Desnoyers, & R. Schultz Ltrace Internals 41 Rodrigo Rubira Branco Evaluating effects of cache memory compression on embedded systems 53 Anderson Briglia, Allan Bezerra, Leonid Moiseichuk, & Nitin Gupta ACPI in Linux – Myths vs. Reality 65 Len Brown Cool Hand Linux – Handheld Thermal Extensions 75 Len Brown Asynchronous System Calls 81 Zach Brown Frysk 1, Kernel 0? 87 Andrew Cagney Keeping Kernel Performance from Regressions 93 T. Chen, L. Ananiev, and A. Tikhonov Breaking the Chains—Using LinuxBIOS to Liberate Embedded x86 Processors 103 J. Crouse, M. Jones, & R. Minnich GANESHA, a multi-usage with large cache NFSv4 server 113 P. Deniel, T. Leibovici, & J.-C. Lafoucrière Why Virtualization Fragmentation Sucks 125 Justin M. Forbes A New Network File System is Born: Comparison of SMB2, CIFS, and NFS 131 Steven French Supporting the Allocation of Large Contiguous Regions of Memory 141 Mel Gorman Kernel Scalability—Expanding the Horizon Beyond Fine Grain Locks 153 Corey Gough, Suresh Siddha, & Ken Chen Kdump: Smarter, Easier, Trustier 167 Vivek Goyal Using KVM to run Xen guests without Xen 179 R.A. Harper, A.N. Aliguori & M.D. Day Djprobe—Kernel probing with the smallest overhead 189 M. Hiramatsu and S. Oshima Desktop integration of Bluetooth 201 Marcel Holtmann How virtualization makes power management different 205 Yu Ke Ptrace, Utrace, Uprobes: Lightweight, Dynamic Tracing of User Apps 215 J.
    [Show full text]
  • Installing a Real-Time Linux Kernel for Dummies
    Real-Time Linux for Dummies Jeroen de Best, Roel Merry DCT 2008.103 Eindhoven University of Technology Department of Mechanical Engineering Control Systems Technology group P.O. Box 513, WH -1.126 5600 MB Eindhoven, the Netherlands Phone: +31 40 247 42 27 Fax: +31 40 246 14 18 Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: http://www.dct.tue.nl Eindhoven, January 5, 2009 Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Installing a Linux distribution 3 2.1 Ubuntu 7.10 . .3 2.2 Mandriva 2008 ONE . .6 2.3 Knoppix 3.9 . 10 3 Installing a real-time kernel 17 3.1 Automatic (Ubuntu only) . 17 3.1.1 CPU Scaling Settings . 17 3.2 Manually . 18 3.2.1 Startup/shutdown problems . 25 4 EtherCAT for Unix 31 4.1 Build Sources . 38 4.1.1 Alternative timer in the EtherCAT Target . 40 5 TUeDACs 43 5.1 Download software . 43 5.2 Configure and build software . 44 5.3 Test program . 45 6 Miscellaneous 47 6.1 Installing ps2 and ps4 printers . 47 6.1.1 In Ubuntu 7.10 . 47 6.1.2 In Mandriva 2008 ONE . 47 6.2 Configure the internet connection . 48 6.3 Installing Matlab2007b for Unix . 49 6.4 Installing JAVA . 50 6.5 Installing SmartSVN . 50 6.6 Ubuntu 7.10, Gutsy Gibbon freezes every 10 minutes for approximately 10 sec 51 6.7 Installing Syntek Semicon DC1125 Driver . 52 Bibliography 55 A Menu.lst HP desktop computer DCT lab WH -1.13 57 i ii CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction This document describes the steps needed in order to obtain a real-time operating system based on a Linux distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiboot Guide Booting Fedora and Other Operating Systems
    Fedora 23 Multiboot Guide Booting Fedora and other operating systems. Fedora Documentation Project Copyright © 2013 Fedora Project Contributors. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. For guidelines on the permitted uses of the Fedora trademarks, refer to https:// fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:Trademark_guidelines. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
    [Show full text]
  • Linux System Administration
    Linux System Administration Jonathan Quick, Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory Ari Mujunen, Metsähovi Radio Observatory Linux Startup and Shutdown Managing Hard Disks, Partitions, Backups Rescuing a Failing PC / System Modifying Configuration Adding/Removing Packages 1 Goals Help you to understand how Linux starts up, keeps running, and shuts down Give confidence in dealing with hardware and software failures Give an overview of what you can configure and how Show you where to find more information when you need it 2 Basic Linux Concepts Linux Kernel Base monolithic kernel + loadable modules Gives standardized access to underlying hardware Linux System / "Distribution" Kernel + lots of software Adds both system and application level software to the system Background processes ("daemons") 3 Logging in as 'root' In order to do any system-wide changes you usually have to be logged in as 'root' You can change to a virtual console (Ctrl-Alt- F1) and login normally or use 'su -' 'root' can override all permissions, start and stop anything, erase hard drives,... So please be careful with disk names and similar! You can browse and check many (if not most of the) things as a normal user (like 'oper'). 4 Getting System Information ps axf, top; kill, kill -9 free df, mount netstat -an, ifconfig, route -n w, who cat /proc/cpuinfo (and others) 5 Linux PC-Level Startup PC ROM BIOS initializes hardware and boots a Master Boot Record (MBR) From a floppy, hard disk, CD-ROM, ... That MBR contains LILO, the Linux Loader
    [Show full text]
  • Open Networking Hardware Diagnostic Guide April 2016 Notes, Cautions, and Warnings
    Open Networking Hardware Diagnostic Guide April 2016 Notes, cautions, and warnings NOTE: A NOTE indicates important information that helps you make better use of your computer. CAUTION: A CAUTION indicates either potential damage to hardware or loss of data and tells you how to avoid the problem. WARNING: A WARNING indicates a potential for property damage, personal injury, or death. © 2016 Dell Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws. Dell and the Dell logo are trademarks of Dell Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies. 2016 - 04 Rev. A00 Contents 1 About this Guide.......................................................................................................................................................7 Notices.......................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Related Documents....................................................................................................................................................7 2 Installation Instructions for ONIE and the Dell OS........................................................................................... 8 Installing the DIAG-OS.............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bootstrapping
    Bootstrapping Steve Muckle Dave Eckhardt Synchronization Checkpoint “3.5” – Today (Due date is 11/16, so we are at T-2) Look for e-mail after class Key deliverable: STATUS file (now & projections) Help Wanted Possible summer openings hacking for Facilities Bring me a resume around February A few good students wanted 15-610 (Spring) 15-412 (Fall) Carnegie Mellon University 2 Motivation What happens when you turn on your PC? How do we get to main() in kernel.c? Carnegie Mellon University 3 Overview Requirements of Booting Ground Zero The BIOS The Boot Loader Our projects: Multiboot, OSKit BIOS extensions: PXE, APM Other universes: “big iron”, Open Firmware Further reading Carnegie Mellon University 4 Requirements of Booting Initialize machine to a known state Make sure basic hardware works Inventory hardware Load a real operating system Run the real operating system Carnegie Mellon University 5 Ground Zero You turn on the machine Execution begins in real mode at a specific memory address Real mode - primeval x86 addressing mode Only 1 MB of memory is addressable First instruction fetch address is 0xFFFF0 Carnegie Mellon University 6 Ground Zero You turn on the machine Execution begins in real mode at a specific memory address Real mode - primeval x86 addressing mode Only 1 MB of memory is addressable First instruction fetch address is 0xFFFF0 “End of memory” (20-bit infinity), minus 4 Contains a jump to the actual BIOS entry point Great, what’s a BIOS? Carnegie Mellon University 7 Basic Input/Output
    [Show full text]
  • Fedora 7 Release Notes
    Fedora 7 Release Notes Fedora Documentation Project Copyright © 2007 Red Hat, Inc. and Others. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. For guidelines on the permitted uses of the Fedora trademarks, refer to https:// fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal:Trademark_guidelines. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Abstract 1. Welcome to Fedora ................................................................................................................ 3 2. Release Highlights .................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. Fedora Tour ................................................................................................................. 4 2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Ubuntu Certified Professional Study Guide (Exam LPI 199)
    Ubuntu® Certified Professional Study Guide (Exam LPI 199) Michael Jang McGraw-Hill is an independent entity from Canonical, Ltd., and is not affiliated with Canonical, Ltd., in any manner. This publication and CD may be used in assisting students to prepare for an Ubuntu Certified Professional Exam. Canonical Ltd., Linux Professional Institute, or McGraw-Hill, do not warrant that use of this publication and CD will ensure passing the relevant exam. Ubuntu and Ubuntu Linux are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Canonical, Ltd. in the United States and/or other countries. New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto Copyright © 2008 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-164377-X The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-159110-9. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Memtest86 User Manual
    MemTest86 User Manual Version 9.2 Copyright 2021 Passmark® Software Page 1 Table of Contents 1 Introduction........................................................................................................................................................3 1.1 Memory Reliability....................................................................................................................................3 1.2 MemTest86 Overview...............................................................................................................................3 1.3 Compatibility............................................................................................................................................3 2 Setup and Use.....................................................................................................................................................5 2.1 Boot-disk Creation in Windows.................................................................................................................6 2.2 Boot-disk Creation in Linux.......................................................................................................................6 2.3 Boot-disk Creation in Mac.........................................................................................................................6 2.4 Setting up Network (PXE) Boot.................................................................................................................8 2.5 Using MemTest86...................................................................................................................................14
    [Show full text]
  • Design and Development of an Automated Regression Test Suite for UEFI
    Design and development of an automated regression test suite for UEFI Master Thesis Leading to a master’s degree in Automotive Software Engineering Professorship of Computer Engineering Faculty of Computer Science Submitted by: Huzaifa Saadat Supervisors: Prof. Dr. Wolfram Hardt Mr. Bertram Metz Mr. Robert Fendt Augsburg, October 2014 Declaration of Authorship I, Huzaifa Saadat, assure that the thesis “Design and development of an automated regression test suite for UEFI” is my own work under the guidance of my supervisors. The data collected during the literature review and referred in this document is given due acknowledgement. All the references and helping materials are enlisted in the Bibliography with all sincerity. Signature: _____________________ Date: _________________________ i | P a g e Abstract Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is an industry standard for implementing the basic firmware in the computers. This standard replaces BIOS. A huge amount of C code has been written for the implementation of UEFI. Yet there has been a very little focus on testing UEFI code. The thesis shows how the industry can perform a meaningful testing of UEFI. Spanning the test coverage with the help of test tools over all UEFI phases is a key objective. Moreover, techniques such as Test Driven Development and source code analysis are explained in terms of UEFI to make sure the bugs are minimized in the first place. The results show that the usage of test and analysis tools point to a large number of issues. Some of these issues can be fixed at a very early stage in the Software Development Life Cycle.
    [Show full text]
  • Bootstrapping
    Bootstrapping Steve Muckle Dave Eckhardt Motivation What happens when you turn on your PC? How do we get to main() in kernel.c? Carnegie Mellon University 2 Overview Requirements of Booting Ground Zero The BIOS The Boot Loader Our projects: Multiboot, OSKit BIOS extensions: PXE, APM Other universes: “big iron”, Open Firmware Further reading Carnegie Mellon University 3 Requirements of Booting Initialize machine to a known state Make sure basic hardware works Inventory hardware Load a real operating system Run the real operating system Carnegie Mellon University 4 Ground Zero You turn on the machine Execution begins in real mode at a specific memory address ¡ Real mode - primeval x86 addressing mode ¢ Only 1 MB of memory is addressable ¡ First instruction fetch address is “end of memory” ¢ 0xFFFF0 ¢ Contains a jump to the real BIOS entry point What’s the BIOS? Carnegie Mellon University 5 Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) Code stored in mostly-read-only memory ¡ Flash, previously EEPROM, previously EPROM Configures hardware details ¡ RAM refresh rate or bus speed ¡ Password protection ¡ Boot-device order Loads OS, acts as mini-OS Provides some device drivers to real OS Carnegie Mellon University 6 BIOS POST Power On Self Test (POST) Scan for critical resources ¡ RAM ¢ Test it (only a little!) ¡ Graphics card – look for driver code at 0xC000 ¡ Disk – look for driver code at 0xC8000 ¡ Keyboard Missing something? ¡ Beep Carnegie Mellon University 7 BIOS Boot-Device Search Consult saved settings for selected order ¡ “A: C: G:” (maybe PXE) Load
    [Show full text]