WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC)

TWELFTH SESSION

DENPASAR, 14-22 SEPTEMBER 1998

ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT WITH RESOLUTIONS

WMO-No.890

Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization - Geneva - Switzerland 1998 © 1999, World-Meteorologicid Organization

. NOTE

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. CONTENTS

Page

GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE WORK OF THE SESSION

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION ...... 1

2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION...... 2 2.1 Consideration of the report on credentials...... 2 2.2 Adoption of the agenda...... 2 2.3 Establishment of committees ...... 2 2.4 Other organizational matters...... 2

3. REpORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION ...... 3

4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 3 4.1 World Weather Watch (WWW) planning and implementation, induding the report of the chairman of the Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the World Weathr Watch (WWW) in Region V...... 3 4.2 Observing system, induding the Instruments and Methods of Observation Programme (IMOP) ...... 4 4.3 Telecommunication system ...... 7 4.4 Data-processing system...... 9 4.5 Data management, induding matters related to codes ...... 10 4.6 World Weather Watch (WWW) system support activities and Operational Information System (01S)... 10 4.7 WMO satellite activities...... 11 4.8 Tropical Cydone Programme (TCP) ...... -...... 12

5. WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME (WCP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 13 5.1 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP)...... 13 5.2 World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP), induding Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) ...... 14 5.3 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programme (WCIRP)...... 16 5.4 World Climate Programme (WCP) coordination and support activities ...... 16 5.5 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) ...... 17 5.6 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) ...... 17

6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME (AREP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 18 6.1 Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)...... 18 6.2 Weather Prediction Research Programme ...... 19 6.3 Tropical Meteorology Research Programme ...... 19 6.4 Programme on Physics and Chemistry of Clouds and Weather Modification Research...... 20

7. ApPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME (AMP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 20 7.1 Public Weather Service (PWS) Programme...... 20 7.2 Agricultural Meteorology Programme ...... 21 7.3 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme...... 22 7.4 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities Programme ...... 22

8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMME (HWRP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 24

9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME (ETRP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 27

10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION (TCO) PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS ...... 28

11. INFORMATION AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS (IPA) PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 30

12. LONG-TERM PLANNING - REGIONAL ASPECTS...... 31 IV ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

13. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES ...... :...... 32 13.1 Follow-up activities related to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) ...... 32 13.2 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) ...... 33 13.3 International data exchange...... 34 13.4 Role and operation of national Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs) ...... 34 13.5 Second Technical Conference on the Management of Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Regional Association V (South-West Pacific)...... 35

14. WMO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC ...... "...... 36

IS. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS ...... 36

16. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND· RECOMMENDATioNS OF THE ASSOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS ...... 36

17~ .ELECTION OF OFFICERS...... 37

18'. DATE AND PLACE OF THE TmRTEENTH SESSION ...... :...... 37

19. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION' ...... 37

RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE SESSION

Final Session No. No. 1 4.1/1 Working Group on Planning and Implementation of the World Weather Watch (WWW) in Region V ...... 38

2 4.2/1 Regional Basic Synoptic Network ... "...... 40

3 4.2/2 Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Instrument Development, Related Training and Capacity Building ...... 47

4 4.2/3 Regional·Instrument Centres (RICs)...... 47

5 4.3/1 Amendments to the Manual on the Global Telecommunication System (WMO-No. 386), Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific)...... 48

6 4.8/1 Regional Association V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean ...... :...... 49

7 5.4/1 Climate Change in the South-West Pacific ...... 50

8 5.4/2 Working Group on Climate Matters ...... :... :.... 51

9 6/1 Rapporteur on the Global Atmosphere Watch...... 52

10 6/2 Rapporteur on,Atmospheric Ozone...... 53

11 7.2/1 Rapporteur on Agricultural Meteorology ...... 53

12 7.4/1 Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological Services ...... 54

13 7.4/2 Involvement in Operational Oceanography...... 54

14 8/1 Working Group on Hydrology ...... 55

15 12/1 Rapporteur on Long-term Planning ...... 56

16 16/1 Review of previQus resolutions and recommendations of the Association ...... 56 CONTENTS v

ANNEXES

Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region V (South-West Pacific (paragraph 4.3.14 of the general summary) ...... 59

II Cyclone warning areas (paragraph 4.8.4 of the general summary)...... 60

III Interim cyclone warning areas (paragraph 4.8.4 of the general summary)...... 60

APPENDICES

A. List of persons attending the session ...... 61 B. Agenda...... 62 C. List of documents...... 64 2 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Region which the Association should consider when presented by the representative of the Secretary-General. planning its future work programme. That list was accepted by the Association and it was, 1.7 Mr S. Karjoto, pr~sident of the Association, th~refore, decided _that it would not be necessary to thanked the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, establish a Credentials Committee. represented by the Meteorological and Geophysical 2.1.2 There were 33 participants at the session from Agency, for the kind invitation to host the session. He 14 Members of the Association, two invited experts and painted out that most of the Members of the Association two observers from regional and international organiza­ were. developing island countries and that there were tions. A complete list of participants is given in induced challenges for those Members in dealing with Appendix A to this report. specific phenomena in the Region, such as EI Nino/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO), La Nina, tropicalcyclones, 2.2 ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA (agenda item 2.2) floods· and drought. Mr Karjoto mentioned that remark­ 2.3.1 The provisional agenda for the session was able progress in the Region during the inter-sessional adopted unanimously.· It is reproduced in Appendix B to period· had been achieved by the establishment and this report. - operation of the Association of the South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)· Specialized Meteorological Centre in 2.3 ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMITTEES (agenda item 2.3) Singapore and the Nadi Tropical Cyclone Centre. The 2.3.1 The following committees were established for president welcomed the new Members of WMO and the duration of the session: those of RA V. He looked-forward to the establishment of the Subregional Office for the South-West Pacific in Apia NOMINATION COMMITTEE which would increase the cooperation among Members 2.3.2 A Nomination Committee was established com­ in the Region. He thanked Members for their support to posed of the principal delegates of Australia, Brunei the work of the Association and extended his gratitude Darussalam and Fiji. and appreciation to Professor G. O. P. Obasi, the Secretary-General of WMO, and to the Secretariat for WORKING COMMITTEES their valuable support to the work of the Association. 2.3.3 Two working committees were established to The president wished the participants a fruitful session deal with the various agenda items, as follows: and a-pleasant and memorable stay in Denpasar, Ball. (a) Working Committee A was assigned agenda items 1.8 His Excellency Mr G. S. Hadihardjono, Minister 4, 6, 7.1, 7.3 and 7.4. Messrs L. J. Tick (Malaysia) of Communication, on behalf of the Government of the and H. K. Taiki (Vanuatu) were elected to serve as Republic of Indonesia, extended a warm welcome to all co-chairmen of the committee; participants and mentioned-that their participation attest­ (b) Working Committee B was assigned agenda items 5, ed their Government's commitment to the principles and 7.2, 8, 9, 10 and 11. Messrs J. R. Lumsden (New objectives of WMO's RA V. He thanked the WMO Zealand) and S. Diharto (Indonesia) were elected to Secretariat for its valuable support to hold the session. He serve as co-chairmen of Committee B. indicated that meteorological phenomena, such as EI Nino, It was further decided that agenda items 12, 13, 14 and floods and even drought did not recognize national 15 would be considered by the Committee of the Whole, boundaries and a close cooperation in monitoring such chaired by the president of the Association. The remain­ phenomena was a must to enable NMHSs to provide more ing agenda items would be considered at the plenary accurate weather forecasting and climate prediction. The meetings. Minister mentioned that economic crises in the Region created a serious problem in the budget availability for the COORDINATION COMMITTEE maintenance and operation of the observing system and 2.3.4 A Coordination Committee, composed of the appealed for seeking a standardized, cheap, but modem preSident, vice-president, the co-chairmen of the two technology observing system and equipment without working committees, the representative of the Secretary­ decreasing the quality of data. The Minister stressed the General and the secretaries of the working committees, importance of the application of meteorology, in particu­ was established. lar in the agricultural sector. He expressed his hope that the session would give the recommendations for improv­ 2.4 OrnER ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS (agenda item 2.4) L'1g services in the field of agricultural meteorology and 2.4.1 In considering the efficiency and effectiveness ocean fishery. Mr G. Hadihardjono, in concluding the of its sessions and in noting that the discussions of ple­ opening ceremony, wished participants a successful ses­ nary sessions were recorded in the original language sion and an enjoyable stay in Bali. with English interpretation where appropriate, the Association agreed that the minutes of the plenary ses­ 2. ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION (agenda sion would not be prepared. However, should any item 2) delegate request the preparation of minutes on any spe­ 2~ 1 CONSIDERATION OF THE REPORT ON CREDENTIALS cific item in the plenary, the necessary arrangements to (agenda item 2.1) prepare the corresponding minutes would be made 2.1.1 At the first plenary meeting, a list of partici­ accordingly. A list of documents presented at the session pants whose credentials were found to be in order was is contained in AppendiX C to this report. GENERAL SUMMARY 3

2.4.2 The Association agreed to hold an informal allowed them to discuss among themselves the activities meeting at a convenient time during the session for a and approaches of the individual regional working free exchange of views and sharing of experiences groups. The Association recommended that practice to be among participants. continued in the future. 2.4.3 The Association elected Mr W. S. Lai (Singapore) 4.1.3 Noting with particular satisfaction that the as Rapporteur on the Review of Previous Resolutions and working group had successfully held its second session Recommendations of the Association and of Relevant in February 1998 in Wellington, the Association Executive Council Resolutions. expressed its thanks to the New Zealand Meteorological Service Limited for providing the host facilities and the 3. REPORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE services and to the chairman for the work accomplished. ASSOCIATION (agenda item 3) 3.1 The Association noted with appreciation the WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) PROGRAMME report of the president of RA V and expressed satisfac­ 4.1.4 The WWW Programme for 1996-2005, tion at the effective manner in which the activities of approved by Twelfth Congress as part of the Fourth the Association were being undertaken under the pre­ WMO Long-term Plan (4LTP), was given particular vailing conditions of financial constrains. The report attention by the Association. It was noted that WWW provided an overall review and assessment of the major remained the core activity of the Organization and that activities of the Association since its eleventh session. its maintenance and strengthening was considered 3.2 The Association commended its preSident, essential for an effective WMO response to the new chal­ Mr S. Karjoto, for his dedication and efforts with which lenges presented by the issues of environment and he had worked to assist Members' NMHSs in the Region. development and climate change. 3.3 The Association gave its full support for the pri­ 4.1.5 It was further noted that the RAs were expected orities and future work programme during the to play an active role in the implementation and further thirteenth financial period as presented by the presi­ development of the WWW as foreseen in the Plan. The dent, in particular those related to the WMO scientific session agreed that RA V should keep the WWW and technical programmes which focussed on specific Programme under continuous review and should recom­ needs and requirements in the Region and new priority mend adjustments in the light of Members' changing areas, such as climate change and related environmental requirements, possible restructuring of CBS, and devel­ issues. opments in science and technology. It· should also identify deficiencies, propose remedial measures and 4. WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) develop system support projects on a regional scale. PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda 4.1.6 When considering the specific activities item 4) planned for the twelfth and thirteenth financial periods, 4.1 WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) PLANNING the Association felt that the following issues reqUired AND IMPLEMENTATION, INCLUDING THE REPORT OF particular attention in Region V: THE CHAIRMAN OF THE WORKING GROUP ON (a) Full implementation of quality control procedures PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORLD and improved monitoring of data availability; WEATHER WATCH (WWW) IN REGION V (agenda (b) Reducing the deficiencies in the Global Observing item 4.1) System (GOS) and Global Data-processing System REpORT OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE WORKING GROUP ON (GDPS); PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORLD WEATHER (c) Improvement of the operation of the Global WATCH (WWW) IN REGION V Telecommunication System (GTS) in the Region by 4.1.1 The Association noted with appreciation the taking into account new telecommunication tech­ report of the chairman of the Working Group on niques and means available, such as the Internet, as Planning and Implementation of the WWW in Region V, well as evolving information exchange requirements; Mr R. R. Brook (Australia). It was noted that the working (d) Wider usage of the BUFR and GRIB codes for the group had addressed many of the problems and chal­ exchange of information over the GTS as soon as lenges as regarded the implementation of the WWW in feasible; the Region and had made good progress towards accom­ (e) The gradual implementation of the WWW/data plishing the many tasks assigned to it. Those were management (DM) concept and assistance in its discussed in detail under the relevant agenda items of evolution in Region V; the session. (f) Improved coordination and integration of the func­ 4.1.2 The Association noted that a particularly impor­ tions and activities of the basic WWW components tant innovation was the introduction of the attendance (GDPS, GOS, GTS and DM) on the basis of the of the chairmen of the working groups from each RA at Fourth WMO Long-term Plan; the eleventh session of the Commission for Basic Systems (g) Current status of implementation and operation of (CBS) held in Cairo on October/November 1996. the WWW in the Region - Annual Global Attendance at that meeting not only exposed the chair­ Monitoring; men to the issues that were occupying the Commission (h) Facilitate, if required, issues related to the year 2000 (including of course, the WWW Programme), but also problem. 4 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

1997 ANNUAL GLOBAL MONITORING OF THE WORLD WEATHER Secretariat. The Association also stressed the importance WATCH (WWW) of updating the RBSN through agreed procedures, with a 4.1.7 The Secretariat received the .results of the 1997 view to ensuring that observational reports from the annual global monitoring from 101 WWW centres, actual RBSN were properly distributed on the GTS. including 10 centres located in Region V. Six RA V 4.1.13 During the 1997 annual global monitoring, Members provided monitoring results on electronic MTN centres reported to have received 34 per cent of the media (diskettes or Internet). The Association urged all CLiMAT reports and 70 per cent of the CLiMAT TEMP national Meteorological Centres (NMCs) to make every reports, which were expected from the RBSN stations. effort to participate in the monitoring exercises, at least The low availability of that type of report, in particular by monitoring their national observational data, and to CLiMATreports, indicated that efforts should be pursued provide monitoring results on electronic media. in the preparation and transmission of those reports. 4.1.8 The Association noted with appreciation the 4.1.14 The Association agreed that in the light of the analysis of the monitoring results prepared by the many tasks and issues in connection· with the imple­ Secretariat which included various bar diagrams, maps mentation of the WWW Programme in the Region, it and tables providing a comparison between Regions and would be necessary to re-establish the Working Group with previous years, as well as a detailed regional analy­ on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in sis of the availability of the SYNOP and TEMP reports. Region V. Resolution 1 (XII-RA V) was adopted. The 4.1.9 The Association noted that the apparent low Association noted that for many members of the work­ percentage of SYNOP (49 per cent) and of TEMP-Part A ing group their contribution to its work programme (56 per cent) reports remained about the same in 1997 needed to be fitted into their responsibilities within compared to 1996. There was a slight decrease in the their own services. It was, therefore, seen as very impor­ availability of SYNOP reports and a slight increase in the tant for Members to make every effort to ensure that the availability of TEMP~Part A reports. It was noted that necessary resources were available to the experts desig­ there were locally significant differences in the availabil­ nated as members of the working group. ity of data. 4.1.10 The Association underlined that the apparent 4.2 OBSERVING SYSTEM, INCLUDING THE INSTRUMENTS decrease in the number. of SYNOP reports in 1996 and AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION PROGRAMME 1997 compared to 1995 resulted from the new method (IMOP) (agenda item 4.2) of counting the reports introduced since 1996. The main GENERAL telecommunication network (MTN) centres were now 4.2.1 The Association noted that the basic concept of only counting reports made at the main standard hours. the GOS, as described in the 4LTP remained unchanged. About 30 per cent of the regional basic synoptic network It was a composite system comprising the surface-based (RBSN) stations in Region V (most of the stations were and space-based (satellite) subsystems. The former was from Australia and Papua New Guinea) were making composed of the RBSNs and other networks of observing observations at non-standard hours and were, therefore, stations on land, at sea and in the air while near-polar­ not taken into account. In that respect, Australia advised orbiting and geostationary satellites with the associated the session that it planned to change both its surface ground equipment made up the latter. and upper-air schedules to standard hours by the end of 4.2.2 The main long-term objective of the GOS was 1998. to provide quality controlled datasets of sufficient accu­ 4.1.11 As regarded the timeliness of the reception on racy and with temporal, . horizontal and vertical the MTN, the Association noted that the collection of . resolutions required for the analyses of all atmospheriC observational data was relatively satisfactory in the processes relevant to short-, medium-, long-range and Region, since 85 per cent of the availableSYNOP reports climate forecasts. In addition, the GOS was intended to were transmitted on the MTN within one hour, and 73 provide the major framework for understanding climate per cent of the available TEMP reports within two hours and climate change. The highest priority of the GOS was after the time of observation. to meet global data reqUirements which called for a hor· 4.1.12 The annual monitoring analysis distributed by izontal resolution of 250 km for both surface and· the Secretariat also identified a list of silent stations as upper-air observations and a frequency of four per day well as a list of stations for which reports were received for surface and a minimum of two per day for upper-air although not mentioned as implemented in Weather observations. Reporting (WMO-No. 9). The Association urged Members concerned to check the status of operation of those sta­ REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK (RBSN) tions and to inform duly the Association through the 4.2.3 It was recognized that the RBSN had evolved Secretariat. The Association urged RA V Members to gradually on· the basis of individual Members' pro­ check regularly the information contained in Weather grammes and plans, with stations often added or Reporting (WMO-No. 9), Volume A (Le. theimplementa­ withdrawn froni the network according to Members' tion of observing stations) and Volume Cl (catalogue of ability or desire to implement them, rather than having meteorological bulletins) pertaining to their own coun­ been designed on a regional scale with a specific spacing try, and to send up-to-date information to the associated between stations in mind. That had resulted in consid­ regional telecommunication hub (RTH) and the WMO erable variations in the density of RBSN stations across GENERAL SUMMARY 5 the Region. While some remote areas had very few sta­ development of their weather radar facilities over the last tions, other more populous regions had more than five years. At the last session of the Association, it was sufficient for regional purposes. estimated that 75 radars were in place in the Region. An 4.2.4 During the revision and updating of the RBSN, additional 10 systems had been installed since then. the Association took into account the global and region­ 4.2.8 The Association noted that the RAPIC system al requirements, as well as the comments of the had been adopted by seven Members and a further three Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the GaS on the main had indicated their intention of using it when their deficiencies in the network, and attempted to strike a plans for new radars were realized. The installed base of balance between the "ideal" network and what was real­ RAPIC-equipped radars within the Region was currently istically possible. In adopting Resolution 2 (XII-RA V), 60, with a further 15 to 20 anticipated over the next two containing the revised regional basic synoptic network, years. The Association further noted that Australia had the Association recognized that the distribution of sta­ had a RAPIC Web server in operation for over two years tions could still be improved and that there were still and its experience suggested that the use of standard areas where the number of stations was far from suffi­ Internet Web browsers would inevitably become one of cient. The Association therefore requested the Working the preferred methods for accessing radar images by Group on Planning and Implementation of the WWW forecasters, external clients and the public at large. in RA V to continue to study the design of the network 4.2.9 The Association noted with appreciation that and propose improvements thereto. the United States had completed installation of four 4.2.5 The Association noted that the closure of the Doppler radars in the Hawaiian Islands. Omega radio-navigation system had had a significant 4.2.10 The Association was particularly pleased to note impact on the upper-air network in the Region, affecting the efforts being made by Members to increase the 28 stations. However, most of those stations had numbers of observations over sea areas, which covered installed alternative systems, mainly using the global such a large part of the Region. The voluntary observing positioning system (GPS) sondes. The Association noted ships (VaS) recruited by Members of RA V had increased with concern that the high cost of GPS radiosondes as from 339 to 393 and the average number of SHIP reports well as the poor reliability had resulted in a reduced received daily at World Meteorological Centre (WMC) upper-air programme in the Region. Due to budget lim­ Melbourne had almost doubled in the past decade to itations, a significant number of national Meteorological almost 570. It was recognized however that still only a Services (NMSs) had been forced to reduce the number small percentage of the total number of large ships reg­ of soundings they made (typically from two a day, to istered by countries of the Region had been recruited. It one) and others had ceased making wind soundings was also felt that many of the ships crossing the Pacific altogether and were using only pressure, temperature Ocean which had been recruited were either not report­ and humidity (PTU) radiosondes. The Association agreed ing or, if they were, their reports were not reaching the that strategies should be developed to help reduce the GTS. Members were urged to continue their efforts to cost of upper-air soundings and the cost of radiosondes, obtain more observations from ships. Furthermore, in particular. Possible scenarios included coordinated more attention needed to be given to obtain observa­ "bulk purchasing" arrangements with larger nations pur­ tions from coastal areas. For example, there were many chasing on behalf of smaller States, a unified negotiation offshore oil rigs in the South-East Asian area and, possi­ approach to suppliers, and supporting the development bly for commercial reasons, few of those contributed to efforts of alternative suppliers. the global network. 4.2.6 The Association expressed its concerns with the 4.2.11 The Association expressed its thanks to potential deterioration of the upper-air component of the Australia, France, New Zealand and the United States for GaS and particularly its impact in reducing the ability to their operation of drifting buoys in the Region but noted warn and forecast meteorolOgical and hydrological events that efforts should be made to develop a strategy for that caused natural disasters. Such impacts not only funding a comprehensive drifting buoy programme in reduced the accuracy of numerical weather prediction the tropical Pacific. (NWP), but also directly affected capabilities related to 4.2.12 The Association was pleased to note that short- and medium-range weather forecasts of local severe Australia had been providing automated aircraft reports storms, tropical cyclones, and flooding. Similarly, such using the aircraft communication addressing and report­ impacts would directly reduce the ability to understand ing system (ACARS) for many years, New Zealand was climate variability and to predict climate change. actively pursuing the acquisition of reports from aircraft Therefore, it urged Members and the Secretary-General to operating to and from New Zealand, and Indonesia was increase their efforts to educate and inform decision mak­ exploring the possibility of obtaining aircraft meteoro­ ers of the direct relationship between adequate observing logical data relay (AMDAR) data from three aircraft. of the atmosphere and solving many of the social prob­ Reports from aircraft-to-satellite data relay (ASDAR)­ lems related to natural disasters and climate change. eqUipped aircraft were regularly being retrieved by Japan from aircraft flying into Australia and across the North OTHER NETWORKS OF OBSERVING STATIONS Pacific. It was expected that the agreement of Aerolineas 4.2.7 The Association noted that substantial progress Argentinas to carry a unit on one aircraft would generate had been made by a number of Members in the reports across the South Pacific on the route between 6 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Buenos Aires and Auckland. The AssociatiOn noted that ensure that the best possible data was available for ACARS and ASDAR could provide valuable data and both forecasting and climatology, NMSs must maintain encouraged all of its Members to make an effort to equip their commitment to the stations that comprised the as many aircraft as possible with those systems. It further RBSN. recommended that priority be given to increasing the 4.2.16 The Association requested its Rapporteur on amount of AMDAR data retrieved for commercial air­ Regional Aspects of the Global Observing System to lines, particularly ascent and descent profiles in areas investigate, in consultation with relevant Permanent where upper-wind programmes had had to be reduced. Representatives with WMO, all meteorological data 4.2.13 The Association welcomed the cooperation that acquisition systems in data-sparse areas of the Region existed between the Australian Bureau of Meteorology operated by an agency other the NMS of the country and the Meteorological Service of New Zealand in the concerned. The rapporteur should list all known non­ implementation of AMDAR observations in the South NMS observing systems in the data-sparse areas of the Pacific. The Meteorological Service of New Zealand was Region and for each should comment on the exposure of responsible for communications for AMDAR cruise the station, its data processing and data dissemination. reports from Qantas 747 aircraft from the Equator to He should make recommendations on how those obser­ 500 S and 1600 E to 120°W. The Bureau of Meteorology vations might be used to augment the RBSN and propose had also made available software which had been adapt­ ways of identifying those non-NMS stations in a manner ed by the Meteorological Service and implemented on that would distinguish them from NMS stations. Air New Zealand 737 aircraft. Reports from those aircraft 4.2.17 The session noted that instruments to measure over the Tasman Sea and on ascent and descent at New ocean swells, perhaps on moored buoys, would be very Zealand airports were now being disseminated by the useful for providing short-term forecasts of damaging Meteorological Service over the GTS. swells, particularly for small Pacific island countries, and 4.2.14 The Association recalled that the forty-third ses­ requested its Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the sion of the Executive Council had . approved Global Observing System to review that issue further. Recommendation 4 (CBS-Ext (90) - Aircraft meteoro­ logical data reporting (AMDAR) which, inter alia, invited CLiMAT AND CLiMAT TEMP REPORTING STATIONS the Operating Consortium of ASDAR Participants 4.2.18 In reviewing the network of CLiMAT and CLiMAT (OCAP) and the Commission for Aeronautical TEMP reporting stations, the Association was disappoint­ Meteorology (CAeM) to cooperate with the CBS Working ed to note that there had been no improvement in the Group on Observations in the preparation of a plan for situation since its last session. According to information the development of AMDAR. As a follow-up to that rec­ from the October 1997 monitoring, only 34 per cent of ommendation, a study on various issues related to the CLiMAT station reports were received. The AMDAR was conducted by OCAP and the main conclu­ Association agreed that Members should make greater sion of the study was that an international coordination efforts to ensure that as many stations as possible pre­ body (AMDAR Panel) be set up. The Association was pared those reports. informed that, following a preparatory meeting held in 4.2.19 As regarded CLiMAT TEMP reports, it was noted de Bilt, the Netherlands, in November 1997, an inaugu­ that the situation was better with 81 of the 87 operating ral meeting held in Geneva in March 1998 formally stations submitting reports. It was strongly emphasized established the AMDAR Panel to coordinate and pro­ that all upper-air stations should prepare such reports. mote global AMDAR development with the goal to enhance the upper-air component of GOS. The INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS OF OBSERVATION PRO(;RAMME Association noted with interest that the AMDAR Panel (IMOP) had adopted its future work programme conSisting. of 4;2.20 The Association stressed the importance of the four high priority items which included the coordina­ standardization of sensors and instruments used at tion and promotion of national and regional AMDAR surface-based meteorological stations and noted that the programmes, the improvement of AMDAR data fiftieth session of the Executive Council had adopted the exchange and quality control, a pilot project for recommendations of the twelfth session of the Southern Africa and another for Middle East. The Commission for Instruments and Methods of Association was informed that in order to implement its Observation (CIMO). programme, the Panel had established an AM DAR Trust 4.2.21 The .Association noted '''lith appreCiation that Fund which would be sustained by voluntary contribu­ regional and national radiation standards of several tions from WMO Members. Members were verified against the World Radiometric 4.2.15 The Association recognized the value of data Reference (WRR) at the Regional Pyrheliometer from non-NMS systems, particularly during severe Comparison of RA V conjointly held with the Eighth weather events, but noted that in some cases the expo­ International Pyrheliometer Comparison (IPC-VIII) at sure of the stations, the sensor calibrations and other the World Radiation Centre in Davos, Switzerland, in aspects of their operation, might not meet WMO stan­ September/October 1995. dards. For those reasons, it recommended that non-NMS 4.2.22 The Association welcomed the opportunity to stations be treated· as supplemental to the RBSN and participate in, and contribute to, the Technical NMS networks, rather than as potential substitutes. To Conference (TECO-98), held together with CIMO-XU in GENERAL SUMMARY 7

Casablanca, Morocco, in May 1998. The Association 4.3 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM (agenda item 4.3) stressed the value of the Instrument and Observing 4.3.1 The Association noted that a number of Methods Report series, which provided gUidance on the developments had taken place which were influencing measurements and on observing techniques and which the implementation and planning of the RMTN in was a very useful means for transfer of knowledge to Region V. developing countries. 4.2.23 The Association appreciated that the Bureau of POINT-TO-POINT REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL Meteorology of Australia had hosted and partially TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK (RMTN) CIRCUITS supported financially a Regional Training Workshop for 4.3.2 The Association noted with appreciation that Instrument Specialists in May 1996. The main aim of the efforts of RA V Members had resulted in major that workshop was to improve theoretical and practical progress in the implementation and upgrading of the knowledge, as well as skills for operating, maintaining point-to-point circuits of the RMTN. Fourteen circuits and calibrating conventional meteorological (MTN, interregional and regional) were operating at instruments. Furthermore, matters related to the medium or high speed (from 2.4 to 64 kbit/s), and the introduction of automatic weather stations (AWS) had upgrading of further circuits was planned for the near been considered. future. It also noted that leased telegraphiC and analogue 4.2.24 The Association felt that the needs of NMHS in circuits were becoming obsolete and were definitely the field of instrumentation were numerous and that superseded by digital circuits in parts of the Region. some additional efforts should be made to meet those 4.3.3 The Association also noted that two additional needs. Particular attention should be paid to long-term circuits, Melbourne-Bracknell and Singapore-Bangkok, stability, the need for, and ease of, maintenance and were implemented on a trilateral (United Kingdom, repair, and the need for, and frequency of, calibration. Australia, New Zealand) and bilateral basis, respectively Members were encouraged to develop capabilities for the and contributed to the reliable exchange of data and maintenance and servicing of the operationally-used products with other WMO Regions. The aeronautical instruments and should try to manufacture suitable fixed telecommunications network (AFTN) network was instruments using endogenous resources. In that con­ also still providing a complement to the RMTN for the nection, the Association welcomed the appOintment by collection and exchange of meteorological data in parts CIMO of a Rapporteur on Capacity Building who was of the South Pacific area. expected to develop appropriate guidance for Members to follow. The Association agreed to nominate a RADIO BROADCASTS Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Instrument 4.3.4 RTHs Melbourne and Wellington were planning Development, Related Training and Capacity Building to operate their radio facsimile broadcasts until approx­ and adopted Resolution 3 (XII-RA V). imately the year 2000. The situation beyond that date 4.2.25 Members were urged to carry out inspections of was uncertain. their networks of stations at frequent intervals to ensure the correct functioning and calibration of instruments TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEMS VIA SATELLITE according to the procedures contained in the sixth edi­ 4.3.5 The International Satellite Communications tion of the Guide to Meteorological Instruments and System (ISCS) operated by the United States, was imple­ Methods of Observation (WMO-No. 8). mented in 1995 to support the world area forecast 4.2.26 The Association discussed the establishment of system (WAFS) distribution. The ISCS provided a 38.4 Regional Instrument Centres (RICs) and confirmed their kbit/s one-way multipoint telecommunication service value for the proper calibration of instruments and for via satellite over the Pacific. In that regard, the organizing training. It particularly stressed the fact that Association was pleased to note that the United States most of its Members had observing locations that were had installed STAR4/WAFS in Viet Nam and IndoneSia, exposed to the hostile marine environment and the and installations were under way in Fiji, Papua New choice, exposure, calibration and maintenance of sen­ Guinea, the Philippines and Vanuatu. The Association sors required special treatment in contrast to those used was also pleased to note that the system installed by in more continental sitings. Noting that the Secretary­ France was operational in Wallis (New Caledonia). The General had invited all Members to consider assuming Association noted that the ISCS system over the Pacific responsibility for such centres, the Association grateful­ was already carrying some GTS data and that Significant ly accepted the offers of Australia and the Philippines to spare capacity was available to accommodate additional use the facilities and experience of their respective data and products. National Instrument Centres (NICs) in Melbourne and 4.3.6 The emergency management wireless informa­ Manila for regional purposes and agreed on their desig­ tion network (EMWIN) was using the weather facsimile nation as RICs. Resolution 4 (XII-RA V) was adopted. (WEFAX) channel of the geostationary operational envi­ The Association invited all its Members to take advan­ ronmental satellite (GOES) for the distribution of a tage of those centres and encouraged Australia and the variety of meteorological products, including warnings Philippines to implement the functions of RICs as soon and information related to emergency situations. as possible and to inform Members of RA V of the serv­ WEFAX-receiving stations could be eqUipped for the ices and functions provided. reception and display of EMWIN information. 8 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

4.3.7 The Association noted that many data collec­ of GTS bulletins including the abbreviated heading line tion platforms (DCPs) were currently implemented in in order to ensure that the messages and observational Region V using the data collection system (DCS) of the reports were not rejected, and thus lost, by the automat­ geostationary meteorological satellite (GMS) and GOES ed computer facilities at RTHs. satellites operated by Japan and the United States. The DCP messages received in Tokyo and Washington were PLAN FOR THE FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE RMTN relayed to the originating NMC in Region V via the GTS. 4.3.14 Taking into account the aforementioned 4.3.8 The Japan meteorological Agency OMA) telecommunications developments, and based on the planned to launch the multi-functional transport satel­ recommendations from its Working Group on Planning lite (MTSAT) in 1999 as the successor of the GMS series. and Implementation of the WWW in Region V, and in MTSAT would include a digital channel called low-rate· particular its Subgroup on Regional Aspects of the GTS, information transmission (LRIT) for the transmission of the Association agreed upon an implementation plan for satellite imagery and other information, including a the further development of the RMTN. The require­ selection of !3RIB products, to low-cost small-scale data ments on the RMTN imposed by the establishment of user stations (SDUS). the upgraded RSMC Nadi were considered. The plan for 4.3.9 The Inmarsat system, and in particular the development of the RMTN, described in Annex I to Inmarsat-C ship-Earth-stations, was increasingly used this report, included: for the collection of ship reports from the vas. The (a) Upgrades to RMTN poinHo-point links and intro­ Perth and Singapore land-Earth-station received ship duction of TCP/IP procedures; reports from Inmarsat-C and A stations at no cost for (b) Inclusion of the circuits Melbourne-Bracknell and ships. The Inmarsat-M terminal-Earth-stations were also Singapore-Bangkok as interregional circuits, pend­ offering a relatively cost-effective solution for a two-way ing the endorsement of RAs VI and II, respectively; GTS connection of some meteorological centres, either (c) Integration of the GTS component of the ISCS over asa primary or back-up link. the Pacific into the RMTN as a regional comple­ mentary component of the GTS. The inclusion, for DATA-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND SERVICES (e.g. PUBLIC Region V purposes, of WWW data and products on DATA-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (PDNs), INTERNET) the GTS component of the ISCSwould be duly 4.3.10 The Association noted that several NMSs in coordinated with the WMC/RTH Washington. the Region were regularly using the public data­ 4.3.15 The Association also endorsed the implementa­ communication networks (PDNs) and/or the Internet for tion plan fulfilling the special requirements for receiving data and products from other WWW centres, communications in the South Pacific, including the as a complement to the GTS exchange. All NMSs in the implementation in various South Pacific islands of: Region had currently connections to the Internet, (a) DCPs, with either a datacentry or an AWS, as although some were quite expensive. Those services were required, for observational data collection; efficient for complementing point-to-point GTS circuits, (b) Inmarsat-M terminal-Earth-stations as backup com­ or even for establishing GTS links where leased circuits munication systems at relevant centres; were not available or not cost-effective, depending upon (c) EMWIN systems for facilitating the distribution of the tariff policies of the national telecommunications meteorological products to centres, as appropriate. providers involved. The Association agreed that cooperation activities, 4.3.11 The Association also noted that, with the emer-· including in particular the Voluntary Cooperation gence of international telecommunications .services .Programme (VCP) projects, should be focused with high proViders, managed data-communication network serv­ priority on supporting the above improvement of mete­ ices were now available and were likely to have orological telecommunications for centres in the South advantages in reduced costs and/or better performance Pacific area. for implementing the RMTN. 4.3.16 The Association adopted Resolution 5 (XII-RA V) containing amendments to the Manual on the Global TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES Telecommunication System (WMO-No. 386), Volume II - 4.3.12 The Association was pleased to note that rec­ Regional aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific). ommended procedures for the use of transfer control 4.3.17 The Association requested its Working Group protocol over the Internet protocol (Tep/IP) on the GTS on Planning and Implementation of the WWW in were developed by the CBS Working Group on Region V to coordinate the programme of WWW data Telecommunications and were .expected to be endorsed and products to be transmitted on the EMWIN and on "as the preferred GTS communication protocol at the the GTS component of the ISCS with a view to meeting forthcoming session of CBS (September 1998). The very NMHSs requirements to the extent feasible. wide availability of TCP /IP software made its use very cost-effective for meteorological applications, and an FuTURE POSSIBLE IMPROVEMENTS OF THE RMTN increasing number of WWW centres were using TCP/IP 4.3.18 The Association requested its Subgroup on protocols for national purposes and on GTS circuits. Regional Aspects of the GTS to study the use of managed 4.3.13 The Association urged NMCs to comply fully data-communication network services for implementing with the agreed GTS procedures, in particular the format the RA V RMTN, including the administrative, financial GENERAL SUMMARY 9 and operational aspects. It endorsed the establishment ultraviolet radiation forecast system. RSMC Wellington of an ad hoc group consisting of Messrs M. Hassett operated a limited area model and RSMC Darwin pro­ (Australia), T. S. Wong (Singapore) and K. Alder (New vided special tropical analyses and diagnostiCS for the Zealand) to study the matter, with due consultation with subtropics. NMC Singapore hosted the ASEAN the Members of the Region. It also requested the sub­ Specialized Meteorological Centre (ASMC) which operat­ group to investigate regional operational aspects of the ed a global analysis and a global spectral model (T63,16 use of the Internet for the exchange of meteorological levels), two limited area models (regional 127 km, 12 information. levels and ASEAN 63 km, 13 levels) and other NWP mod­ els including an ocean wave model and two pollution RADIO-FREQUENCIES FOR METEOROLOGICAL ACTIVITIES dispersion models. In addition, the ASMC had provided 4.3.19 The Association noted that there was a continu­ support to fire-fighting activities in the ASEAN area dur­ ing threat to meteorological radio-frequencies as a result of ing the major haze episodes of 1997-1998. In that the pressure from the mobile-satellite service (MSS) indus­ regard, its role had been expanded and it had become try for expanding their frequency allocations. the ASEAN regional centre responsible for weather and The agenda of the 1997 World Radiocommunication fire monitoring functions under a Regional Haze Action Conference (WRC-97) (Geneva, November 1997) had Plan adopted by the ASEAN Environment Ministers. A included several items of concern for meteorology. large range of specialized services and data could now be Meteorological radio-frequency allocations had been safe­ provided to Members involved in combating land and guarded at WRC-97, but the threat would continue on forest fires. Information was disseminated through an radio-frequency bands for radiosondes (401-406 MHz and ASMC Intranet launched in March 1998. The 1 675-1 700 MHz). It urged all Members to give their full Association also noted that several RSMCs outside the support to Resolution 3 (Cg-XII) - Radio-frequencies for Region were providing output from global and hemi­ meteorological activities, in particular as regarded the spheric numerical models that was of value to Members coordination between Meteorological Services and their and specifically noted the information provided by the national telecommunication administrations to ensure United Kingdom Meteorological Office and the adequate recognition and consideration of the issue at European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts future WRCs, and the active involvement of NMSs in rele­ (ECMWF). vant activities of the ITU Radiocommunication Sector 4.4.3 The Association noted with appreciation that (ITU-R). The CBS Subgroup on Radio-frequency the Government of Australia had established the joint Coordination, with the assistance of the WMO Secretariat, Bureau of Meteorology/Commonwealth Scientific and would develop and provide WMO Members the appropri­ Industrial Research Organisation High Performance ate documentation and guidance on WRC issues. Computing and Communications Centre (HPCCC). The establishment of the HPCCC was an important mile­ 4.4 DATA-PROCESSING SYSTEM (agenda item 4.4) stone in the development of the Bureau of Meteorology 4.4.1 The Association reviewed the status of imple­ and its role as a World and Regional Specialized mentation and operation of RA V GDPS centres active in Meteorological Centre. The computational reqUirements numerical weather forecasting including Regional of short-term, seasonal and climate forecasts were Specialized Meteorological Centres (RSMCs) and noted exceedingly demanding and for that reason numerical that most RSMCs in the Region were on a continuing modelling of the atmosphere was considered to be one basis enhancing and improving their forecasting systems of the great challenges of computational physics. By and/or computer facilities. The Association was pleased dedicating additional computer resources to that task, to note that one of the key events in the Region con­ the HPCCC would greatly advance its progress and all cerning the GDPS was the designation by the NMSs in the southern hemisphere would benefit. forty-seventh session of the Executive Council, in June 4.4.4 The Association noted that while most centres 1995, of the Nadi Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre, were not able to implement global models, more centres operated by the Fiji Meteorological Service (and by the could embark on developing and implementing limited forty-ninth session of the Executive Council in June area analysis and prediction models. Such limited area 1997), as the RSMC Nadi - Tropical Cyclone Centre, fine-mesh models reqUired boundary conditions generat­ with activity specialization in tropical cyclone forecast­ ed or originated from global models that were run at the ing and warning for the South Pacific region. WMC, an RSMC or major GDPS centre inside or outside Development work was currently under way to enhance that Region. The Association, therefore, urged its the centre's facilities. RSMC Wellington provided con­ Members to ensure that their telecommunications had tingency back-up services. the capacity to handle the additional data traffic compris­ 4.4.2 The Association noted the implementation of ing boundary conditions as well as NWP products. That GDPS services in the Region. WMC Melbourne operated could be handled via the GTS or through other means three major operational analysis and forecasting sys­ such as high-speed dial-up connections or the Internet. tems: global (T79, 19 levels), regional and tropical (.75 4.4.5 The Association noted that unless the individ­ degrees, 19 levels) and mesoscale (.25 degrees, 19 levels). ual NMC required digital data for further processing, an In addition, WMC Melbourne operated a sea wave RSMC or major GDPS centre could provide their prod­ model, an air transport/dispersion model, and a solar ucts in standard graphical formats such as those 10 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V displayed by Internet browsers. That would improved Members to keep the WMO Secretariat apprised of their versatility and maximize the use of standard industry status on that important issue. In that regard, the software tools, minimizing the need to develop, imple­ Association was pleased to note the WMO RA V ment and maintain customized computer systems to Workshop on the Year 2000 Problem to be convened by decode and display data. As an alternative, the group SPREP and hosted by the United States from 9 to 10 was pleased to note that NMC Washington had made November 1998 in Hawaii. Additional support for the their PCGRIDDS software available at no charge. That workshop was being provided by Australia, France and software provided the capability to decode and display the United Kingdom. any GRIB-formatted fields. . 4.4.6 The AssoCiation, noting that products of global 4.6 WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) SYSTEM and regional NWP models were available throughout the SUPPORT ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONAL Region, agreed that individual NMCs might gain maxi­ INFORMATION SERVICE (OIS) (agenda item 4.6) mum benefit by focusing on developing applications of 4.6.1 The Association discussed the status of the GIS . such products. It suggested that small NMCs should and recalled that its purpose was to collect from, and dis­ concentrate on post-processing and on generating value­ tribute to, WMO Members and WWW centres detailed added products such as model output statistics (MOS), and up-to-date information on facilities, services and perfect prognosis method (PPM), or one-dimensional products made available in the day-to-day operation of models. Those applications could be easily run on work­ the WWW. The timely dissemination of that informa­ stations and powerful PCs. Since the successful tion was becoming increasingly important to ensure the development and implementation of such applications efficient operation of the WWW, especially in relation to depended on technical expertise, the Association agreed the progressive automation of the centres. that there was a need to intensify GDPS training activi­ 4.6.2 The Association noted with appreciation that in ties within the Region. response to the requests made by CBS-X, CBS-Ext.(94) and Twelfth Congress, which had called for higher data 4.5 DATA MANAGEMENT, INCLUDING MATTERS RELATED reliability, improved timeliness of distribution and pro­ TO CODES (agenda item 4.5) vision of additional information, the OIS had undergone 4.5.1 The Association considered the development of a major restructuring which had resulted in a more cost­ the new table-driven character code, CREX. It noted that effective and efficient system. CBS-XI had endorsed the a primary goal of CREX was as a tool to avoid the prolif­ actions taken as part of the restructuring process, which eration of new alphanumeric codes by permitting the had resulted in successfully moving the data, necessary transmission of observations for which no traditional for the production of Weather Reporting (WMO-No. 9) character code existed, and which could not easily be and the International List of Selected Supplementary and transmitted in BUFR. The Association supported the Auxiliary Ships (WMO-No. 47) away from its former development of CREX and its proposed adoption for mainframe platform to a new in-house platform. The operational implementation by CBS. restructuring and move had eliminated many of the pro­ 4.5.2 The Association was pleased to note that the cedures and obstacles that made the previous system WMO distributed databases (DDBs) trial, which had slow and cumbersome. The Association noted that the been conducted for the past two years, had successfully Secretariat now had the capability to maintain and demonstrated the concept; further operation of a trial update the data on a near-real-time basis and to provide was no longer necessary. It noted many NMHSs in the much greater flexibility for dissemination. Region provided a variety of products via Internet 4.6.3 The Association noted with interest that both servers. The Association urged all of its Members to Volumes A and Cl of Weather Reporting (WMO-No. 9) make information that might be of interest to others in were being updated weekly and that the updated data the Region accessible via DDBs servers. was made available every Monday via the Internet. The 4.5.3 The Association considered the impact of the data files could be accessed via the World Wide Web at transition from 1999 to the year 2000 and was pleased to http://www.wmo.ch/web/ddbs/publicat.html or via FTP note actions already taken by some Members within the from Volume A: ftp://www.wmo.ch/wmo-ddbs/Pub9vol Region and the WMO Secretariat. It urged the Members Ayymmdd.flatfile and Volume C1: ftp://www.wmo.ch/ to visit the set of pages developed by the Secretariat and wmo-ddbs/Pub9volCyymmdd.flatfile. The information accessible via the Internet World Wide Web which con­ was also available in printed form and Members could tained general information on the year 2000 problem, request it through e-mail ([email protected]) or by software for checking a PC for year 2000 compliance and fax. In addition, the expanded diskette service and print­ information on the year 2000 status of a variety of com­ ed editions had been improved by eliminating long puter hardware and software systems important to delays in access to the information contained in those meteorology. The introductory· page was located at volumes. It further noted that the WWW Operational http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/y2k-info.html. The Newsletter was already available on the Internet and Association invited all Members to use the WWW those subscribers who had the reqUired facilities were Operational Newsletter and WMO Web site as vehicles for strongly encouraged to use it, thus benefiting from the raising items of progress/common interest for the bene­ rapid access to that publication and help saving printing fit of other WMO Members. The Association urged all and mailing costs. GENERAL SUMMARY 11

4.6.4 The Association noted with interest the plans from a wide variety of platforms. Those data were and progress of the Cyclone Warning System Upgrade relayed on to FY-2 up to 133 channels (33 international Project. It noted that the project was making a very channels and 100 domestic channels) for meteorology, important contribution to the implementation of the hydrology, oceanography and other purposes. WWW in the Region, especially on observations and 4.7.5 The United States had continued to provide communications. It expressed its appreciation to the geostationary satellite coverage in the western and cen­ European Union and to SPREP for this contribution and tral Pacific with the GOES. Following the failure of was pleased that the project had been consulted and GOES-9, GOES-10 continued as from 24 August 1998 as coordinated widely and that it worked within the exist­ the operational United States geostationary satellite ing framework in the Region. located at 135°W providing imagery, soundings, WEFAX, EMWIN and DCP services over the Pacific. 4.7 WMO SATELLITE ACTIVITIES (agenda item 4.7) 4.7.1 The Association noted that the space-based POLAR-ORBITING SATELLITES subsystem of the GOS had continued to provide valu­ 4.7.6 For over 30 years of continuous coverage, the able data, products and services to WMO Members in RA United States had operated a polar-orbiting operational V with both geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites. environmental satellite (POES) system. There were Region V was most likely more dependent on satellite presently six spacecraft in orbit with various configura­ data than any other Region because it had large marine tions and status of operation. The primary spacecraft and other data-scarce areas. It was not only dependent were NOAA-12 and NOAA-14. Both NOAA-12 and on imagery and related products, but also on DCP serv­ NOAA-14 carried a series of instruments. NOAA-12 was ices. The Association, therefore, expressed its performing nominally. NOAA-14 was launched on appreciation to the satellite operators serving the 30 December 1994 and was operational except for a Region: China, EUMETSAT, Japan, the Russian search and rescue processor which failed one month after Federation and the United States. The contributions launch. NOAA-9 was in semi-standby mode providing from those operators continued to enhance the WWW data from the solar backscatter ultraviolet instrument and other WMO Programmes in the Region. Those con­ (SBUV) and maritime search and rescue (SAR) instru­ tributions were most important to the many island ments. NOAA-10 was in standby mode and was States in the Region. monitored for health and safety only. NOAA-ll was in standby mode and was monitored for health and safety. GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES However, the SAR instrument on NOAA-ll was in opera­ 4.7.2 The JMA developed and operated the GMS tion for real-time use. In that regard, the Association series. Currently, GMS-4 and GMS-5 were operational. noted with appreciation the successful launch of NOAA- Both provided Earth images and associated products 15 in April 1998 and its availability for operational use. while GMS-5 was equipped with DCS to collect meteor­ The Association was informed by the delegate of the ological observations from remote stations, ships and United States that the next polar orbiting satellite would aircraft. As of 1 July 1997, 155 stations were registered as be NOAA L, which would become NOAA 16 upon regional data-collection platforms and 281 stations were launch. That was expected to be sometime in 1999. registered as international data-collection platforms, Furthermore, the advanced very high resolution respectively. The DCS of the GMS-5 was used to transmit radiometer (AVHRR) would include a time share for tsunami earthquake emergency information and seismic channel 3 which would include channel 3a (1.61l) and intensity data. GMS-4 was located at 1200 E above the channel 3b(3.71l). Recognizing the important support Equator and kept its capability to provide Earth images. from channel3b (3.71l) in the detection of forest fires, the 4.7.3 The first MTSAT would be launched in 1999 as Association urged the United States to consider making the successor to GMS-5. MTSAT would have both mete­ that channel operationally-available during passes over orological and air traffic control missions. The JMA, in the Region, particularly in the tropiCS and subtropics. cooperation with the Civil Aviation Bureau of the 4.7.7 The Russian meteorological system based on Ministry of Transport, planned to launch the MTSAT into METEOR polar orbited satellites was presently supported a geostationary orbit at 1400 E above the Equator in the by three satellites and missions: METEOR-2 N20, summer of 1999. Japan planned to launch the MTSAT METEOR-2 N21, and METEOR-3 N5. Those space sys­ series satellites every five years thereafter. The designed tems provided the global observation of the Earth lifetime of MTSAT was five years for the meteorological surface in visible spectrum. The visible imagery data for mission and 10 years for the air traffic control mission. global observation (MR-2000) was recorded and trans­ 4.7.4 The meteorological satellite programme of mitted to the main receiving centres in Moscow, China included a geostationary meteorological satellite Novosibirsk and Khabarovsk (466.5 MHz). The visible series called FY-2. The main objective of that programme data from MR-900 scanning instrument was transmitted was to establish a comprehensive operational meteoro­ directly to a large network of automatic picture trans­ logical satellite system by the end of the present century. mission (APT) stations (137 MHz). The first of the FY-2 satellites was launched on 4.7.8 Starting in the year 2003 the European 10 June 1997 becoming operational on 1 January 1998 Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological and located at 105°E. The DCP system collected data Satellites (EUMETSAT) meteorolOgical operational satellite 12 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

(METOP) would fly in a Sun-synchronous orbit taking 4.8.4 The Association noted the present areas of over the morning orbit previously provided by the United responsibility for issuing tropical cyclone warnings as States. The United States would continue to provide a shown in Annex II to this report. Taking into account Sun-synchronous satellite in the afternoon orbit. the present confusion on roles and responsibilities relat­ ing to tropical cyclone warnings around Indonesia, it GROUND SEGMENT endorsed the proposal to realign the boundaries for trop­ 4.7.9 It was reported that nine Members in the Region ical cyclone warning and for Australia to assume (45 per cent) were equipped with polar-orbiting receivers responsibility for tropical cyclone warnings around (APT and high resolution picture transmission (HRPT)) Indonesia as shown in Annex III to this. report until such and 13 Members (65 per cent) were equipped with "geosta­ time as the Indonesian Meteorological and Geophysical tionary (WEFAX and high resolution (HR)) receivers. Based Agency's (MGA) operational staff had received sufficient on a g6al of 100 per cent of Members having that equip­ training to provide the service. The Association noted ment, RA V Members had achieved· an overaU that there were still differences among the areas of implementation of 45 per cent. However, the Association responsibility for. issuing warnings related to tropical noted that those systems were rapi(lly being installed in cyclones, marine high seas aviation and services. In that the Region and that that levd of implementation was now regard, it further noted a proposal from Australia and expected to be significantly higher by the end of 1998. Indonesia to bring some of the boundaries into better alignment. It, therefore, requested the president of the 4.8 TROPICAL CYCLONE PROGRAMME (TCP) (agenda Association to bring that and other related matters to item 4.8) the attention of· the appropriate WMO bodies, as 4.8.1 The Association expressed its satisfaction with reqUired, in order to make any necessary changes as the achievements and the further progress being made early as possible. in the implementation of both the general and regional 4.8.5 The Association expressed its appreciation to components of the Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) Australia, Japan and New Zealand for their invaluable towards the mitigation of tropical cyclone disasters in contributions to the substantial upgrading of the facili­ the Region, especially in association with the IDNDR ties, equipment and staff support to the RSMC Nadi - and in the context of the sustainable development of Tropical Cyclone Centre. It also thanked Australia, small island developing States (SDSIDS). China, the European Union, Japan, New Zealand and 4.8.2 The Association noted with appreciation the the United States for providing support for upgrading informative report submitted by Mr S. C. Ready (New the capabilities of the NMHSs in the interest of the Zealand), chairman of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Region. The Association acknowledged with gratitude Committee for the South Pacific and South-East Indian the ongoing support and leadership provided by the Fiji Ocean and expressed its gratitude to him for his out­ Meteorological Service to several Pacific island countries, standing leadership in gUiding the work and the variety especially with regard to the supply of routine and spe­ of endeavours of the Committee. In recognizing the cial weather bulletin information. importance of regional cooperation and coordination to 4.8.6 The representative of Malaysia expressed his establish regionally-coordinated early warning systems, country's appreciation to the United States for providing the Association commended the Members concerned, the climatological outlook of tropical cyclone frequency the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee and the intergov­ and activity in the western North Pacific and the South ernmental United Nations Economic and Social China Sea during the month of September 1998. On the Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP)/WMO basis of that information, a general weather outlook for Typhoon Committee for their contribution and efforts, the 1998 Commonwealth Games was prepared for the particularly towards the improvement of capability in public and the mass media. providing accurate tropical cyclone forecasts and timely 4.8.7 Noting their importance as a means of transfer­ early warning services in Region V. ing technology and of· providing gUidance and 4.8.3 In regard to the report of the seventh session of information for tropical cyclone forecasters and the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (RA V/TCC-VII), researchers, the Association invited Members to make full the Association expressed its appreciation to the United use of reports in the TCP series, such as the Global Guide States Government, particularly to the National Oceanic to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting (WMO/TD-No. 560, Tropical and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Cyclone Programme Report No. 31) and the Global Weather Services (NWS), for enabling EMWIN technolo­ Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones (WMO/TD-No. 693, gy to be implemented in the Pacific region. The use of Tropical Cyclone Programme Report No. 38). It also EMWIN would greatly assist in the rapid dissemination invited Members to take advantage of relevant training of tropical cyclone warnings in the Region. It also events such as the biennial training courses organized by thanked the European Union Cyclone Warning System the United States in cooperation with WMO on tropical Upgrade Project (CWSUP) and SPREP for providing sup­ meteorology and tropical cyclone forecasting and on port for the implementation of EMWIN in the Region. operational hydrological forecasting. Members were also The Association adopted the amendments to the text of invited to participate in the Southern Hemisphere train­ the Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan, which were ing courses on tropical cyclones, organized by Australia agreed by the RA V/TCC-VII. in cooperation with WMO. The Association requested GENERAL SUMMARY 13 the Secretary-General to continue providing maximum the preparation of a document for the Fourth support for training activities under the programmes of Conference of the Parties to the UN/FCCC assessing the both of the Committees within the available budgetary adequacy of the climate observation networks. resources. 5.1.2 The Association noted the progress made in 4.8.8 The International Workshops on Tropical establishing the GCOS surface network (GSN) and GCOS Cyclones (IWTC) served as a forum for interaction upper-air network (GUAN). It further noted that, based between forecasters and researchers and encouraged the on comments from 12 regional members, a total of 128 application of research results to operational usage. In stations in the Region had been chosen in the final that regard, the Association was pleased to learn that selection process by deSignated experts and another 24 one of the major outcomes of the IWTC-IV (Haikou, stations remained on a standby list pending confirma­ China, April 1998) were the arrangements to update the tion by nine member countries, including those who did Global Guide to Tropical Cyclone Forecasting (see general not provide initial comments. The Association urged summary paragraph 4.8.7). Members to cooperate in ensuring that the historical 4.8.9 Recognizing the great importance of the con­ datasets, including metadata, at World Data Centres tinuing work of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (WDC) A and B for meteorology included both surface for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean, the data from GSN stations and upper-air data from GUAN Association decided to re-establish the Committee and stations. It also urged its Members to incorporate all sta­ adopted Resolution 6 (XII-RA V). tions designated in Volume A of Weather Reporting 4.8.10 The Association decided to keep in force (WMO-No. 9) for distribution of CLiMAT and CLiMAT Resolution 10 (X-RA V) - Tropical Cyclone Operational TEMP messages on the GTS and not only those desig­ Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean, nated as GSN stations. The Association noted that since that was playing an effective role in strengthening difficulties were being experienced in decoding some the warning services of tropical cyclones in the Region CLiMAT messages, and it requested that its Members paid towards the mitigation of tropical cyclone disasters. particular attention to correct coding procedures to 4.8.11 In view of the vitally important role of TCP in ensure the maximum usefulness of those data. the IDNDR and the SDSIDS, including specifically that under the work of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee CLIMATE SYSTEM MONITORING PROJECT and the Typhoon Committee in Region V, the 5.1.3 The Association noted the initiative of the Association decided to maintain the level of very high Secretariat to cease publication of the paper. copies of the priority to the TCP in relation to regional priorities in monthly Climate System Monitoring (CSM) Bulletin, the WMO Long-term Plan. encouraging instead the use of alternative sources of 4.8.12 The Association was gratified by the valuable near-real-time CSM information, including accessing an assistance provided by the European Union, the VCP electronic version of the Bulletin for those Members hav­ and bilateral donors. Nevertheless, it requested the ing access to the World Wide Web through the Internet. Secretary-General to continue his efforts in seeking In that regard, the Association agreed with the CCI other potential external resources at the regional level in Advisory Working Group recommendation that high pri­ order to further implement the RA V Tropical Cyclone ority be given to ensuring that all WMO Members had Committee's Regional Cooperation Programme within a World Wide Web access. While noting the enormous reasonable timeframe. benefits to be obtained from easy access to Web-based products from a wide range of globally-oriented climate 5. WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME (WCP) - centres, the Association supported the value of climate REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 5) monitoring products being prepared within a given 5.1 WORLD CLIMATE DATA AND MONITORING Region for distribution within that Region. It took par­ PROGRAMME (WCDMP) (agenda item 5.1) ticular note of the special reqUirements of the small CLIMATE CHANGE DETECTION PROJECT island States of RAV in that regard and requested that 5.1.1 The Association noted that the deSignation of options for fulfilling the need for a regional climate mon­ rapporteurs to serve on the new joint Commission for itoring bulletin be further explored with possible donor Climatology (CCI)/Climate Variability and Predictability countries and institutions. (CLIVAR) Working Group on Climate Change Detection 5.1.4 The Association noted that the sixth edition of was nearing completion and that a meeting of a Task the Global Climate System Review (WMO-No. 856) had Group on Indices was held at the Hadley Centre in the been published in April 1998 and contained significant United Kingdom in early September. Noting that one of input from the Region. The Association was informed of the regional experts on indices was from Australia, the the status of the WMO initiative to produce a publica­ Association urged the working group to focus on pro­ tion on the climate of the twentieth century and noted moting the development of climate change indices. that a prospectus had been published and distributed to Those should especially be focused on extreme events, WMO Members, potential publishers and authors. such as the occurrence of drought tropical storms and The Association agreed with proposals to ensure that changing sea levels, which were particularly relevant to sufficient copies of the publication would be made avail­ RA V. The Association noted with satisfaction the able to WMO at a rate that would minimize the cost of involvement of some members of the working group in its distribution to NMHSs in developing countries. 14 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

CLIMATE COMPUTING (CLICOM) AND WORLD CLIMATE DATA welcomed the collaboration with the Joint GCOS/GOOS/ INFORMATION REFERRAL SERVICE (INFOCLIMA) PROJECTS GTOS Data Management and Information Panel (JDMIP) 5.1.5 The Association noted that the total number of to ensure that appropriate linkages were made and that countries that had installed the CLICOM software now there was no duplication of effort. exceeded 130, with 11 of them being in RA V. Noting 5.1.9 Concerning the year 2000 problem, the that in many countries computer hardware was in need Association noted that one of the CCI Rapporteurs on of updating, the Association urged Members to initiate the International Exchange of Climate Data and action to obtain new hardware, -including submitting a Products had been deSignated to work with similarly request through the VCP of WMO. The- Association designated CBS rapporteurs as a WCP coordinator and agreed that CLICOM hardw:are upgrades should contin­ focal point for year 2000 questions, following the terms ue to provide WMO'Members with the latest versions of of reference developed by the· CBS experts. It urged that desktop PCs, software and peripheral equipment that Members be aware of the possible effect of the problem could be readily adapted to operating any new climate on the management of climate databases and on the database management systems (CDMS). production of climate-related products and services. 5.1.6 Considerable progress had been made in the implementation of the CLICOM project in the Region DEVELOPMENT OF CLIMATE DATABASES PROJECT during the inter-sessional period thanks to the contribu­ 5.1.10 In noting that the United States National tions of financial support from the United KingdoI1l, Climatic Data Center (NCDC) had, during the present through the VCP, for .providingequipment to establish year, ceased printing the publication Monthly Climatic the Regional CLICOM Area Support Centre in Kuala Data for the World and had made the information avail­ Lumpur and computer upgrades in several countries. able instead on the Web, the Association was satisfied There were also a number of CLICOM training activities, that arrangements had been made with the German including training seminars provided by Australia for Meteorological Service to assist those WMO Members Members in the South-West Pacific, a WMO regional who needed information from those publications, but training seminar in Kuala Lumpur and roving seminars who could not access them from the Web. The German provided through the WMO Secretariat and SPREP. A Meteorological Service had also offered to assist the CLICOM inventory and review project was also under­ WMO Secretariat in informing NCDC, other major cli­ taken by SPREP in 1994 and the results were used by mate centres and WMO Members of new normals values WMO in the preparation of a June 1997 project propos­ when they became available. The Association also noted al on -climate data resources for environment and that work was continuing on the publication of World sustainable development. The Association acknowl­ Weather Records for the 1981-1990 period and that edged the valuable support provided by the CLICOM NCDC was not intending to print volumes for the Area Support· Centre in Kuala Lumpur, but also noted 1991-2000 period, rather than making the information the concerns expressed by the delegate from Fiji on the available on the Web. The Association noted with satis­ need for closer CLICOM support to small island States in faction that NCDC had published a CD-ROM containing its vicinity. The Association requested that opportunities data provided byWMO Members for publication in for providing that support be explored as part of the Climatological Normals (CLINO) for the Period 1961-1990 establishment of the RA V Subregional Office in collab­ (WMO-No. 847). oration with SPREP. 5.1.7 The Association noted that experts from ASSISTANCE TO MEMBERS TO IMPROVE THE CLIMATE DATA Australia and Malaysia were among a group of experts MANAGEMENT PROJECT - who met in Toulouse in May 1997 to begin a review of 5.1.11 The Association noted that; following the ses­ CDMSs that could meet the needs of WMO Members sion of CCl-XII and subsequently the CCI AdviSory requiring a more advanced system than CLICOM. A task Working Group, there had been a concerted effort to team was being formed within the CCI Working Group complete the initiative to publish a document that would on Climate Data to pursue the implementation of that provide comprehensive gUidance on the preservation evolutionary development, which would be aided by and management of climate data with particular empha­ experts from the Region. The Association encouraged sis on the needs of developing countries. It urged that Members to maintain and build their existing CLICOM work on that document proceed in a complementary databases because any ne,\Al development of more fashion and v/ith the same rJgh priority as completion of advanced software would be designed to accommodate the new Guide to Climatological Practices (WMO-No. 100). databases created with CLICOM 3.0 and 3.1 software. 5.1.8 The Association noted that the total number of 5.2 WORLD CLIMATE ApPLICATIONS AND SERVICES dataset descriptions in the INFOCLIMA inventory now PROGRAMME (WCASP), INCLUDING CLIMATE exceeded 1 250 with·reference data held by over 300 INFORMATION AND PREDICTION SERVICES' centres, 33 of which 'were located in RA V. The (CLIPS) (agenda item 5.2) Association further noted the progress made in making 5.2.1 The Association noted the progress made under information that was contained in the INFOCLIMA the WCASP and emphasized the importance of further database catalogue of climate system datasets available developing that programme, particularly in respect to through the WMO Web site on the Internet. It also CLIPS, in close cooperation with·NMHSs in the Region. GENERAL SUMMARY 15

It appreciated that an important aspect of the WCASP interaction with the potential users of climate services; was to provide assistance to Members in building their that was considered an important component in devel­ capacity to interact with various sectoral users} includ­ oping climate services. As interaction with the users ing the organization of training workshops and formed an important component of the capacity build­ sequences of roving seminars} using seconded experts ing efforts of the CLIPS project} Members were urged to and the provision of specialized guidance material and give particular attention to strengthening that activity. promoting the application of cost/benefit analyses relat­ Members were also encouraged to undertake new studies ed to climate services in various sectors. The Association of the socio-economic and environmental benefits from stressed that a major task was the development of climate services} taking care to address the value of methodologies to assess the effects of climate} its vari­ information on climate with the decision maker} and to ability and potential change on various socio-economic quantify actual or potential values of applying the infor­ activities. It agreed that special focus should be on sec­ mation on the regional or national levels. It was tors such as food production} water resources considered important to involve the users in the assess­ management and human health. The value of CLIPS ment of economic benefits. The Association noted that products to decision making in many other sectors} as those issues were highlighted in a report prepared by Mr well as to the general public} also needed to be studied J. M. Nicholls (United Kingdom) for the CLIPS project further} especially the means of disseminating and pro­ on the Economic and Social Benefits of Climatological viding that information as part of operational Information and Services: A Review of Existing Assessments meteorological services. (WMO/TD-No. 780} World Climate Applications 5.2.2 The Association noted that the goal set for the Programme Report No. 38). implementation of the CLIPS project was to ensure pro­ 5.2.5 The Association commended the Secretary­ vision of integrated climate information and prediction General for his leadership role in arranging for the services. CLIPS should also provide support to the devel­ preparation and dissemination of six EI Nino updates} opment of new methods and techniques in response to which had been very useful for briefing the media and user needs and requirements for climate information} government officials. It was pleased that further bul­ knowledge and services. That should include develop­ letins of that type would be issued as the situation ment of the capability to provide sector-specific climate warranted. The Association emphasized the importance prediction products} methods for reaching Consensus of enhancing interactions between NMHSs and user Climate Outlooks and related guidance material. The communities in the development of climate services. Association noted that the structure of the CLIPS project The 1997-1998 EI Nino event} which brought drought to included training} pilot and demonstration projects} liai­ many parts of the Region and consequently an increase son with research programmes} and networking. It in the severity of forest fires and smoke haze} had pro­ noted with satisfaction that various options of coordina­ vided valuable lessons in that regard. Interactions tion between the advanced global and regional centres} between NMHSs and user communities during such which had} or were experimenting with} the develop­ events provided useful opportunities to demonstrate the ment of an operational seasonal prediction capability} social and economic benefits of climate services} as well were being explored. It further noted that WMO had a as gave recognition to theNMHSs as primary voices of responsibility to establish an effective infrastructure for operational climate information and prediction services seasonal to interannual climate prediction within the in their respective countries. The Association was context of its existing capabilities while} at the same pleased to learn of the activities of several Members in time} recognizing the emergence of new institutional that regard. frameworks in the climate area. The Association was 5.2.6 The Association noted that several develop­ pleased} therefore} to hear that steps were being taken by ments in the area of urban and building climatology had the relevant WMO Commissions to address that issue. been in focus in the last few years} including the United 5.2.3 The Association recalled that Twelfth Congress Nations Conference on Human Settlement (HABITAT II) had emphasized the need for jOint CLIPS activities with in Istanbul} Turkey} and the International Conference on the research programmes} particularly the World Climate Urban Climates in Essen} Germany} both held in June Research Programme (WCRP)} and it was noted with sat­ 1996. It noted the planning for the International isfaction that the research community was involved in Conference on Urban Climates (ICUC99)} to be held both the development and the implementation of the jointly with the International Congress on CLIPS project. In particular} it was noted that that inte­ Biometeorology (ICB}99) in Sydney} Australia} in gral role} including researchers in connection with the November 1999. The Association noted with satisfaction Climate Outlook Forums} was seen as instrumental in that various aspects of bioclimatology} especially as it building capacity among the NMHSs. It recognized the related to human health under varying climatic condi­ role those forums had played in connection with the tions} were being emphasized in the development of monitoring and prediction of the 1997-1998 EI Nifio climate information and prediction services. It was rec­ events and recommended that such forums be consid­ ommended that consideration be given to organizing ered in the Region in the future} as appropriate. special show case projects in the Region focusing on the 5.2.4 The Association noted with satisfaction that the development of warning systems for heat waves and CLIPS project gave priority to issues related to closer other extreme weather events. 16 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

5.3 WORLD CLIMATE IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND also held in other databases; archival urban and environ­

RESPONSE STRATEGIES PROGRAMME (WCIRP) mental data; archival cryospheric, ecological and /lproxy" (agenda item 5.3) climate data; data from special observing periods (e.g. The Association was informed that UNEP, field experiments); normals and other statistical deriva­ which had the responsibility for WCIRP, had concen­ tions from regional association stations and other trated its efforts on t~e coordination of country studies stations; climate analyses and forecasts covering any peri­ relating to inventories of sources and sinks of green­ od including manual and model products and grid-point house gases and the promotion of climate change data. It was furthermore noted that the application of the impacts and adaptation. assessment. Future priorities legal treaty between the Parties to the UN/FCCC with would continue to be directed at the coordination of respect to data and products was also relevant to the projects in those areas funded under the Global deliberations of the task team. Environmental Facility. (GEF). Particular attention would 5.4.4 The Association noted that the Executive be. given to the development of appropriate response Council had agreed with the recommendations of the strategies in the implementation of the Kyoto protocol. president of CCl, that the mechanisms for providing Thrust 3 of the Climate Agenda (Studies of climate impact advice on the scientific and technical activities in assessments and response strategies to reduce vulnera­ WCASP and WCDMP should be based on inter­ bility) would provide the appropriate linkage for that Commission issues being deliberated at the Meetings of activity with related programmes and projects of other the Presidents for Technical Commissions and that agencies and institutions. The Association urged its issues related to inter-agency collaboration should be Members to be aware of the opportunities that would considered within the framework of the Climate Agenda. arise for collaboration with UNEP in those activities and It noted further that necessary coordination would be requested the Secretary-General to provide appropriate facilitated by inviting the president of CCI to participate information as it became available. in the deliberations of IACCA and that the main respon­ Sibility for providing scientific and technical advice on 5.4 WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME (WCP) activities in WCASP and WCDMP would be given to the COORDINATION AND SUPPORT ACTIVITIES (agenda Advisory Working Group of CCl, considering that CCI item 5.4) had been designated as the lead Commission for those 5.4.1 The Association noted with satisfaction that the programmes. governing bodies of organizations which were partners 5.4.5 The Association was pleased to note that the in the development of the Climate Agenda, had all initi­ CCI AdviSory Working Group and the WMO Secretariat ated activities under its four thrusts. Those four thrusts had already begun to implement the recommendations were related to research, applications, impacts and of CCl-XII, especially with respect to CLIPS. CCI and its observations. members were contributing actively to a range of CLIPS 5.4.2 The Association noted the priorities identified activities, such as the organization of expert meetings, by the second session of the Inter-agency Committee on special fact finding missions to Member countries, the Climate Agenda (IACCA) at its second session in capacity-building and training events, the development April 1998. Those priorities were related to the review of of pilot projects, as well as the preparation of an action global observing systems requested by the third plan for CLIPS. Conference of the Parties to the UN/FCCC (see agenda 5.4.6 The Association noted with interest the report item 5.6), the review ofthe 1997-1998 El Nifio event and of the first session of the Working Group on Climate the need for a concerted effort to develop adaptation Matters and expressed thanks to the Meteorological strategies as an appropriate response to climate change. Service of New Zealand for hosting the session in IACCA also believed that it was an appropriate time to Wellington from 16 to 18 February 1998. The begin a review of the existing structures and relation­ Association also expressed thanks to members of the ships under the Climate Agenda in the light of the new group, especially to its chairman, Mr D. Thompson (New enVironmentally-related conventions that had come Zealand). It was noted that the working group had into force since the inception of the WCP. addressed several of the critical issues relating to climate 5.4.3 The Association was pleased to note that an ad variability and change, its potential impact as well as the hoc task team had been established by CCl-XII /Ito help development of mitigation activities in the Region. clarify those aspects of WMO Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) per­ Many of those issues ,Alere discussed in detail under the tainingto the international exchange of climate data and relevant agenda items. products" (general summary paragraph 6.4.4, Abridged 5.4.7 The Association noted with appreciation the Final Report with Resolutions and Recommendations of the proposals made by the Rapporteur on Climate Change Commission for Climatology (WMO-No. 870)). It noted Issues, including IPCC Assessments and the FCCC that the range of data and products under consideration Implementation, Mr J. Zillman (Australia), and agreed included: station metadata; climate data from stations that, while the prime responsibility for climate change other than those recommended by regional associations, issues in many countries lay outside NMHSs, they as defined in paragraph 5, Annex 1 to Resolution 40 should still play an active role in the IPCC and CCg-XII); data already exported from original databases UN/FCCC processes. The Association supported the rec­ before the adoption of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) and now ommendation made by the rapporteur for Members to GENERAL SUMMARY 17 identitY contact pOints within their respective services buoys and/or upward-looking sonars in the Antarctic on climate change issues. The representative of SPREP Sea-Ice Zone in order to better define meteorological and advised that it had established national climate change sea-ice conditions and to understand large-scale air/sea­ teams within those countries of the South Pacific that ice/ocean interactions in the Antarctic, as well as its had ratified the UN/FCCC. He further advised that influence on global climate variability and change. SPREP would support the merging of its structures 5.5.5 The Association asked Members to continue addressing climate change issues with those of RA V. their assistance in the Stratospheric Processes and their Resolution 7 (XII-RA V) was adopted. Role in Climate (SPARC) project. In particular, Members 5.4.8 The Association agreed that climate issues were urged to ensure that their routine radiosonde would continue to be a major concern in the Region and flights reached as high as possible into the stratosphere, should be considered within the framework of a working as those data were vital to the success of the project. group. To facilitate cooperation with SPREP on climate 5.5.6 The Association noted with appreciation the matters, the Association agreed that a representative valuable contribution to climate research in the Region from SPREP should be invited to participate in the work by the United States Department of Energy's of the group. It was decided therefore to re-establish the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) programme Working Group on Climate Matters and Resolution 8 in the Tropical Western Pacific. Members were encour­ (XII-RA V) was adopted. aged to continue providing support and assistance to the deployment and implementation of the atmospheric 5.5 WORLD CLIMATE RESEARCH PROGRAMME radiation and cloud system (ARCS) installations in the (WCRP) (agenda item 5.5) Region. The ARCS would complement the array of 5.5.1 The Association recognized the importance of moored buoys already implemented across the global climatological datasets being produced in the Equatorial Pacific as part of the TOGA programme and Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) currently being transitioned into an operational observ­ based on merging in situ measurements and satellite ing system under GCOS. observations. It asked Members to consider the provi­ sion of further support to GEWEX activities. 5.6 GLOBAL CLIMATE OBSERVING SYSTEM (GCOS) 5.5.2 The Association was impressed by the progress (agenda item 5.6) made in the World Ocean Circulation Experiment 5.6.1 The Association noted with appreciation the (WOCE). It urged Members participating in WOCE to progress report on GCOS. The Association supported examine whether additional resources could be found to both the priorities and the approach taken by the Joint contribute to the joint effort of analysing and interpret­ Scientific and Technical Committee OSTC) in develop­ ing WOCE data. ing its plans. Members agreed to continue to participate 5.5.3 The Association expressed particular interest in actively in the planning and implementation activities the development of the CLIVAR research study which of the programme and to establish contact pOints of or would build on the success of the WCRP Tropical Ocean national groups to effect closer communications and Global Atmosphere (TOGA) programme and WOCE between the programme and their national activities. to extend understanding of climate variability on sea­ 5.6.2 The Association expressed appreciation for the sonal to decadal time-scales and further strengthen the efforts of GCOS and the relevant technical commissions scientific basis for practical climate prediction. In view in designing the two atmospheriC networks, GUAN and of the major influence of the ENSO and monsoon sys­ GSN, and for its recent efforts to address atmospheriC tems on the climate of the Region and of the sensitivity constituents, precipitation and extremes. The of many countries to the effects of major anomalies asso­ Association was pleased to see the efforts to increase ciated with those systems, the Association urged that ocean observations that would be obtained from a vari­ WCRP focus particular attention on improving climate ety of oceanographic programmes. It also noted the predictions at the regional level. It also urged the spon­ development of partnerships to obtain key land obser­ sors of the WCRP to seek to improve the level of vations from the hydrosphere, cryosphere, and participation of scientists in the Region and to assist biosphere through the establishment of observing net­ Members in the establishment of national or regional works. It agreed to provide support for observations and climate committees that would help facilitate joint product developments based on them. The Association activities and improved coordination at the national encouraged the GCOS programme to continue to identi­ level. The Association strongly recommended that fy additional requirements, noting particularly the need Members participate in the International CLIVAR for precipitation and atmospheriC constituents. Conference, which would be held from 1 to 3 December 5.6.3 The Association took note of the important role 1998 at the Headquarters of the United Nations that GCOS had taken with regard to the observing Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization reqUirements and the assessment of current capabilities (UNESCO) in Paris. for the UN/FCCC. It urged its Members to acquaint 5.5.4 The Association noted the WCRP research activ­ themselves with the recommendations of the report on ities in the Antarctic Sea-Ice Zone. It recommended that global observing systems prepared for the UN/FCCC Members participating in Antarctic programmes assist in under the auspices of the Climate Agenda and coordinat­ the provision and/or deployment of ice-resisting drifting ed by the GCOS Secretariat. Members should ensure that 18 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

their delegations to the fourth session of the Conference urban environments and, therefore, it welcomed the of the Parties and the accompanying session of its new initiative and pledged its support for it. Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice 6.1.3 The Association complimented the Secretary­ in Buenos Ajres in November 1998 were made fully cog­ General for the actions which were taken in the smoke nizant of the importance of those recommendations. and haze stricken area of the Region. It was especially 5.6.4 The Association noted with appreciation the sig­ gratified to be informed of progress made in the search nificant contributions made to GCOS by its Members for resources to implement the Programme to Address and urged them to continue their support, both through ASEAN Regional Transboundary Smoke (PARTS): That international coordination and national implementa­ issue was taken up in more detail under agenda item 10. tion. The Association expressed the view that, while good 6.1.4 Considering the susceptibility of the Region to progress had been made by GCOS in defining observing atmospheriC pollution both on the urban and regional needs to answer global-scale questions, future activities scales and therefore the need to be kept fully informed would need to be directed .at implementation and at of developments, the Association decided to appoint a defining re.quirements at the national and regional Rapporteur on the Global Atmosphere Watch and scales. In that regard, the Association stressed the con­ adopted Resolution 9 (XII-RAV). tinuing high importance of national observing networks 6.1.5 The Association noted with appreciation the for national economic and environmental planning and report of its Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone and management purposes, and the need for WMO bodies to commended him for the succinct comprehensive infor­ develop strategies to address the needs of those networks mation which he had provided concerning ozone in addition. to those for global climate issues; The activities in the Region. Association considered that that task fell within the man­ 6.1.6 The Association expressed satisfa:ction with the date accorded to GCOS and requested that GCOS, in extent of the ozone observing network within· the consultation with WCP, address that issue. Region but reserved its final comments when consider­ ing the recommendations of its rapporteur. 6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT 6.1.7 The Association considered that its Members PROGRAMME CAREP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS were complying with the· directives of the Executive (agenda item 6) Council to ensure the accuracy of the oZone spec­ WMO RESEARCH AWARD FOR YOUNG SCIENTISTS trophotometers operated in the Region.1t encouraged its The Association noted that in the past years Members to continue their diligence in that respect. very few candidates were proposed by the Region for the 6.1.8 The information provided concerning new WMO Research Award for Young Scientists. Members ozone sonde and satellite ozone monitoring was wel­ were strongly encouraged to submit nominations when­ comed by the Association. It praised those countries ever possible. involved and urged others to emulate them. 6.1.9 RA V ozone speCialists had been extensively 6.1 GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH (GAW) (agenda involved in a large number of international conferences, item 6.1) symposia, workshOps, and technical assistance meetings 6.1.1 The Association noted that GAW was strongly during the last four years. The list of such conferences supported by Members in the Region. They operated were not included in the present session's report due to both GAW global and regional stations. One country, its number. Of all the countries in RA V, Australia and Australia, whose actions were commended, had hosted New Zealand had been the most involved in those activ­ GAW-related meetings as well as other activities and had ities. The institutions from those countries that had had also provided its expertise to other Members both withe the greatest involvement in that regard were the in and outside the Region. The Association was pleased Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Southern to receive ,information on progress made in the imple­ Hemisphere Meteorology (CRC SHM) and the New mentation of the observing programme of the GAW Zealand National Institute for Water and Atmosphere. global station in Indonesia. It requested that Members 6.1.10 A large number of cooperative research activi­ take note of the opportunities for enhancing the pro­ ties concerninK ozone within and outside RA V had been gramme. through joint initiatives with the MGA of initiated or concluded during the period from 1994 to Indonesia. 1998. As was partially evident from the authors includ­ 6.1.2 The new endeavour identified by Twelfth ed in the list of FA V publications, a large number of Congress concerning urban environment and assigned institutions from many countries had been involved in by the forty-ninth session of the Executive Council to its cooperative research with RA V, and the list of separate Executive Council Panel of Experts/CAS Working Group research involvement was voluminous. Suffice it to say on Environmental Pollution . and Atmospheric that the countries in which significant cooperative Chemistry - the focal point for WMO environment ozone research had been carried out, in collaboration activities - was noted with interest by the Association. with RA V Members, were France, Germany; Italy, Japan, It recognized that the growing population of the Earth, the Netherlands and the United States. along with a general tendency towards urbanization and 6.1.11 Of considerable significance to RA V in 1994 further industrialization in developing countries, was. were the National Aeronautics and Space Administration placing greater stress on the environment, especially .(NASA)/NOAA Airborne Southern Hemisphere Ozone GENERAL SUMMARY 19

Experiment (based in Christchurch, New Zealand) and viewed as long-term commitments and would continue the NASA/NOAA Measurements for Assessing the Effects in the years to come. All Members operating ozone of Stratospheric Aircraft (based in Darwin, Australia). sonde programmes were urged to meet or exceed the Considerable cooperation between Australia, New WMO recommended minimum observations frequency Zealand and the United States supported the logistics of one sounding per week and to conduct investigations and research effort of those missions. to characterize and overcome errors better in respective 6.1.12 The Australian CRC SHM was established in ozone sounding systems. 1993 under an Australian Government initiative to 6.1.17 Members should be encouraged to utilize satel­ combine separate and overlapping areas of research lite ozone datasets and to carry out validation and expertise in Australia by funding common research comparison investigations of satellite and ground-based objectives. One of the CRC SHM prime objectives was to ozone data. Members were urged to continue to carry build an understanding of the key mechanisms govern­ out data analysis investigations, both with regard to ing the distribution and variability of stratospheric trend analysis and system error characterization, in that ozone and greenhouse gases. That included the use of those were seen as an essential component of effective atmospheric transport and chemical modelling. quality data monitoring. Coupled with the CRC SHM climate modelling, research 6.1.18 The pronounced increase in cooperative towards an understanding of the important interaction research in RA V over the last four years was commend­ between ozone loss and climate change was implicit in ed, and Members were encouraged to continue those the programme. New methods were also being devel­ activities in the future. Efforts should be made to include oped for the retrieval of ozone concentrations from countries with younger ozone programmes into cooper­ satellite data and models for predicting stratospheric ative research ventures, thereby improving the ozone and surface ultraviolet on time-scales of a few programmes of those countries and increasing the field days to a season. of expertise in RA V. 6.1.13 Based on the report of its rapporteur, the 6.1.19 It was recommended that regular yearly infor­ Association contended that the RA V network of Dobson mal communication (preferably e-mail) should occur and Brewer spectrophotometers was generally in good between the RA V Members and the RA V Rapporteur on order. All RA V instruments had been calibrated against Atmospheric Ozone in order to facilitate technical assis­ the regional or world standard Dobson/Brewer instru­ tance and advice concerning research and monitoring ments. To ensure the ongoing traceability and high programmes. quality of all RA V Dobson and Brewer data, Members of 6.1.20 Considering the foregoing with the wealth of the Association were urged to meet their respective cali­ information it provided as well as the recommendations bration schedules in accordance with WMO it contained, the Association decided to re-appoint a recommended procedures. Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone and adopted 6.1.14 All Members were urged to continue regular Resolution 10 (XII-RA V). and careful standard and mercury lamp tests and to introduce Umkehr observations at stations where they 6.2 WEATHER PREDICTION RESEARCH PROGRAMME were currently not made routinely. Members were also (agenda item 6.2) encouraged to examine and collate Dobson instrument 6.2.1 Satisfaction was expressed with the important calibration histories, carry out data back-corrections, contributions Members were making to the Weather where pOSSible, and submit instrument calibration Prediction Research Programme by participating and, in details and re-evaluated ozone data to the World Ozone some cases, hosting the events organized and by sub­ Data Center in Toronto for publication and dissemina­ mitting valuable contributions to the annual Numerical tion among the international scientific community. Weather Prediction Progress reports. 6.1.15 Members' efforts during the last four years to 6.2.2 The Association fully supported the development establish new ozone measuring stations were to be com­ of the proposed World Weather Research Programme mended and WMO was urged to render encouragement (WWRP) and considered that it was a significant develop­ and assistance to those Members in their endeavours. ment which would be_of benefit to the Region. WMO was also urged to provide more opportunities in the future to operators of Dobson/Brewer spectropho­ 6.3 TROPICAL METEOROLOGY RESEARCH tometers in the Region to come together and exchange PROGRAMME (agenda item 6.3) information and experience. The Association expressed satisfaction on being 6.1.16 The Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone con­ informed both of a review of developments in each com­ tended that the RA V network of ozone sonde stations ponent of the Tropical Meteorology Research was inadequate and therefore Members were strongly Programme and of discussions concerning future strate­ urged to establish additional, strategically-located sta­ gies of the programme which were made by the tions in data-sparse areas of RA V, particularly in the Commission for Atmospheric Sciences (CAS) Working tropical and sub-polar regions. Members' efforts in Group on Tropical Meteorology Research that met in establishing new ozone sonde stations during the last March 1997 in Jakarta, Indonesia. It particularly wel­ four years were commended, but those Members were comed the expected strong interaction between WWRP strongly urged to ensure that those programmes were and tropical meteorology research and supported the 20 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V pOSSibility of collaborating in activities such as joint regarded the provision of meteorological and hydrologi­ work on the Land Falling Tropical Cyclones and cal information in support of United Nations Aerosondes Projects. The Association noted the holding humanitarian missions related to natural disasters and of the First WMO International Workshop on Monsoon other crises. WMO through the PWS Programme, had Studies (Denpasar, Indonesia, February 1997), which continued its cooperation with the United Nations had provided a forum for discussion between researchers Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (for­ and forecasters on the current status of monsoon knowl­ merly Department of Humanitarian Affairs). That edge and on priorities and opportunities for monsoon cooperation had worked· successfully, especially in the studies. Numerous experts from the Region had partici­ case of the provision of arrangements and coordination pated. The Association stressed the importance of of information on numerical weather gUidance during coordination between both those projects and those the critical stages of forest fires in Indonesia in 1997. being developed under the WCRP CLIVAR programme Furthermore, the linkage with the IDNDR was main­ of activities in the Region. tained through the special focus of the PWS Programme on preventing loss of life and property. 6.4 PROGRAMME ON PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF 7.1.5 The Association was pleased to note that as a CLOUDS AND WEATHER MODIFICATION RESEARCH response to the concerns expressed by the Executive (agenda item 6.4) Council and CBS regarding weather forecasts from dif­ The Association encouraged its Members to ferent sources in the media and, in particular, continue to support that programme and to participate international television broadcasts by satellite, discus­ in the events organized. It was noted that while at least sions had been held with producers and disseminators of one Member had ceased weather modification activities, those forecasts. Concern still existed with international another had begun such activities. Both had submitted media practices, given that they had the capability of their information for publication in the annual Register global dissemination of weather forecasts, which typi­ of National Weather Modification Projects, which was cally originated from centres which were remote from appreciated. areas where severe weather was actually occurring. The Association reiterated the importance of recognizing 7. ApPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME NMSs as the single offiCial and authoritative source of (AMP) - REGIONAL ASPECfS (agenda item 7) public warnings and agreed that WMO, through the 7.1 PUBLIC WEATHER SERVICES (PWS) PROGRAMME PWS Programme, should continue to pursue actively (agenda item 7.1) that issue with a view to agreeing on a best practice. 7.1.1 The Association was pleased that the develop­ 7.1.6 The Association was pleased that PWS training ment of the Public Weather Services (PWS) Programme activities in the Region had been given high priority. had progressed successfully and that optimum use had Since the establishment of the PWS Programme several been made of the resources available to the programme. training events had been organized in Region V including 7.1.2 The Association was informed that CBS-XI the Training Workshop on Public Weather Services with (Cairo, October/November 1996) had established an Particular Emphasis on TV Weather Presentation and open working group on PWS with a rapporteur from Communication Skills (Singapore, 1995) for RAs II/V, the each regional association as core members of the group. Training Workshop on Public Weather Services Mr D. Wernly (United States) was appointed chairman of (Melbourne, 1996) for participants from small island the working group. Mr K. O'Loughlin (Australia) had developing States in RAs I/V, the RA V Public Weather been deSignated by the president of RA V to serve as the Services Workshop (Hawaii, 1996) with particular focus Regional Rapporteur on PWS for RA V. on storm surges in the South-West Pacific, a Training 7.1.3 The Association noted with appreciation that Workshop on Public Weather and Warning Services (Fiji, one of the primary objectives of the PWS Programme, 1997) for participants from small island developing States namely the publication of the preliminary Guide to in the South Pacific in cooperation with the European Public Weather Services Practices (WMO-No. 834)· had Union South Pacific Tropical Cyclones Warning Service been accomplished successfully in 1996. It was pleased Upgrade Project and a Workshop on Public Weather that an expanded version of the Guide was under prepa­ Services in conjunction with the seventh session of the ration. The Association was informed that a RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South Pacific questionnaire had been developed and distributed to and South-East Indian Ocean (Bali, 1998), The Association Members to help assess the current state of Members' supported that capacity building activities within the PWS Programmes. The response to the questionnaire PWS Programme should be strengthened and that con­ had been very positive with over 100 Members proVid­ tinued high priority should be given to the education and ing information. Results from the analysis of the survey training component of the PWS Programme in collabora­ would be made available to all Members and should be tion with other scientific and technical programmes of used both for developing· the expanded Guide and for WMO as well as the Information and Public Affairs (IPA) identifying areas where assistance would be reqUired Programme. . with further development of the PWS Programme. 7.1.7 The Association noted with appreciation the 7.1.4 The Association noted with appreciation that report of the chairman of the RA V Tropical Cyclone . actions had been taken within the PWS Programme as Committee for the South Pacific and South-EastIndian GENERAL SUMMARY 21

Ocean on the Workshop held in Bali on 8-12 September forecasts in a rapid and timely manner particularly 1998 as a part of the seventh session of the Committee. to other media outlets; The workshop had made a number of recommendations (b) Effective cooperation with major international to improve the public weather services of Members in the media; Region and thus contribute to enhancing the visibility of (c) Exchange of warnings of severe weather among NMSs. The recommendations included steps to improve neighbouring countries; relations with the media and to apply new technologies (d) Improved relations and coordination between and systems in producing concise and easily understood NMSs, disaster coordinators, the media and the pri­ public weather products. The Committee recommended vate sector. that in view of the value of that workshop, a similar 7.1.11 The Association also agreed that in order for workshop on public weather services should be organized Members to develop further their national PWS in conjunction with the next session of the RA V-TCC in Programmes they reqUired additional information that early September 2000 to deal specifically with issues con­ included: cerning partnership with the media in enhancing the (a) Guidance material on verification of public fore­ dissemination of public weather services issued by NMSs. casts; In view of the importance of such a partnership in com­ (b) Guidance material for improving the presentation municating vital information to the public, the of warnings and forecasts through various media, Association endorsed the recommendations of the dealing especially with language problems in multi­ Committee. lingual countries in the Region; 7.1.8 The Association was pleased to note a proposal (c) Guidelines on preparing environmental informa­ by SPREP to organize a joint workshop with WMO on tion such as air pollution, ultraviolet, and ozone public weather services in conjunction with the sixth levels for inclusion in public weather bulletins; SPREP Directors of Meteorological Services Meeting. The (d) Guidance material for enhanced public understand­ focus of the workshop would be on improving relations ing of meteorology especially for use in schools and with the media, as part of enhancing public weather other educational institutions; services of both WMO and SPREP Members. (e) Further PWS training during regional workshops 7.1.9 The Association welcomed the information pro­ and seminars dealing with aspects of the pro­ vided by Australia on the public weather services activities gramme which were of special concern and interest planned as part of the preparations for the Sydney to the Region. Olympics in the year 2000. The Sydney Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games, which would be 7.2 AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME responsible for organizing the athletic events, was in the (agenda item 7.2) process of establishing Memoranda of Understanding 7.2.1 The Association complimented the Secretary­ with all countries participating in the torch relay in the General and the Commission for Agricultural South-West Pacific. Each participating country would set Meteorology (CAgM) for the progress made in the field up a national task force with government representation, of agricultural meteorology, including the publication of including NMSs, for the provision of meteorological a large number of technical notes and CAgM reports. information in support of the games. That was viewed as 7.2.2 The Association noted with appreciation the an important contribution by PWS to the Olympics. The theme adopted by the Commission, "Operational agrom­ Australian Bureau of Meteorology was setting up a dedi­ eteorology for sustainable enVironmentally-friendly and cated mesoscale network of automated weather stations, a economically-viable agricultural production" and now casting forecasting demonstration project under the stressed the need to increase the awareness of users to WMO WWR~ a Doppler radar, and an Internet-based improve the quality and quantity of products and to weather distribution system. Weather information would reduce losses due to pests and diseases, transport and also be accessible on the WMO PWS homepage through a storage of produce. The Association further noted that link to the Bureau's special Olympics Web site already the twelfth session of CAgM would be held in Accra, established. The Association was pleased to learn of plans Ghana in February 1999 preceded by the International by WMO and the Bureau to organize a special workshop Workshop on Agrometeorology in the Twenty-first on public weather services at the Bureau towards the end Century: Needs and Perspectives, and urged Members to of the year 2000. Techniques developed under the now­ send delegations to the session and to the workshop. casting forecasting demonstration project, as well as 7.2.3 The Association strongly supported the contin­ experience gained on the dissemination and communica­ ued organization of training events for the benefit of tion of forecasts to the public, could be made available to participants from the Region. lt agreed that training in participants at that workshop. agricultural meteorology should receive high priority 7.1.10 The Association agreed that there was a strong consideration for the meaningful application of meteor­ need for continuing assistance to Members in dealing ological information to agricultural activities. with issues with increasingly international dimensions, 7.2.4 The Association noted the WMO activities on including: desertification and urged Members to participate actively (a) The use of the Internet as an important new tool to in the implementation of the UNCCD. The Association assist in the dissemination of public warnings and requested the Secretary-General to provide appropriate 22 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

gUidelines to Members in that regard. The Association recognized that AMDAR data was particularly vital to further urged Members to benefit from the support of the South-West Pacific Region which was mainly cov­ GEF for projects in that area. ered by the ocean and welcomed the establishment in 7.2.5 The Association agreed that the application of March 1998 of an AMDAR Panel to coordinate and pro­ meteorology to agriculture· continued to be of high mote the global development of AMDAR. Increased importance to the Region, especially in the light of the availability of AMDAR data was expected to fill gaps in effects of the 1997-1998 ENSO phenomena on agrictil­ the current manual AIREP coverage and gaps stemming ture and forestry in the Region. It encouraged Members from deficiencies in the RBSN in the Region. . to continue to support activities in those areas by taking 7.3.5 The Association welcomed the Implementation into account developments on agricultural meteorology Seminar on WAFS, held in Bangkok, Thailand in 1995 in the Region, such as the impacts of extreme events and for countries in Regions II and V and the Workshop on the need for the development of efficient national! Volcanic Ash, held in Toulouse, France in May 1998. The regional early warning systems. The Association decided Association noted with great interest that a United to appoint a Rapporteur on Agricultural Meteorology States/WMO seminar on aeronautical meteorology with and adopted Resolution 11 (XII-RA V). emphasis on processing, manIpulation and display of WAFS data and products would be held in late 1998 or 7.3 AERONAUTICAL METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME early 1999 in English for countries in South-East Asia (agenda item 7.3) and the South~West Pacific and urged Members to facil­ 7.3.1 The Association welcomed· the re-emphasis itate their staff attendance. piaced by Twelfth Congress on an expanded and vigor­ 7.3.6 Owing to the intensive volcanic activity in the ous Aeronautical Meteorology Programme and its view Region; the Association noted with appreciation the des­ thaUraining should be given the highest priority. ignation of Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers at Darwin, 7.3.2 The Association noted with satisfaction the Wellington, and Washington. milestones reached in the implementation of WAFS, namely, the achievement of global coverage of WAFS 7.4 MARINE METEOROLOGY AND ASSOCIATED satellite broadcasts in 1996, the computer generation of OCEANOGRAPHIC ACTIVITIES PROGRAMME (agenda high level significant weather (SIGWX) charts in coded item 7.4) digital facsimile (T.4) format and the successful trials for 7.4.1 The Association noted with interest that the generation, transmission and decoding of SIGWX Twelfth Congress had approved the Marine Meteorology forecasts in the BUFR code. The Association noted fur­ and Associated Oceanographic Activities Programme as ther that WAFS satellite broadcasts included global part of the 4LTP. That programme provided overall digital gridded upper-air wind/temperature forecasts in objectives as well as detailed gUidelines for Members, GRIB format, selected upper-air and· temperature and regional associations and WMO in that field. SIGWX forecasts in graphical format, alphanumeric 7.4.2 With regard to the implementation of marine operational meteorological information (OPMET) data meteorological services, specifiCally in Region V, the including METARISPECI, TAF, significant meteorology Association noted with appreciation the report of the (SIGMET) and speCial aircraft weather reports (AIREPs), Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological Services, and when relevant, volcanic ash arid tropical cyclone Mr K. H. Chong (Singapore). Actions taken on various advisories. The Association alSo expressed itsapprecia­ points raised in that report were recorded in subsequent tion to the United Kingdom and the United States for paragraphs. The Association agreed that the further their support in implementating WAFS and in particular development of marine meteorological services, togeth­ for hosting the two World Area Forecast Centers er with marine observing systems in the Region, (WAFCs). particularly in the light of the opinions of Twelfth 7.3.3·· The Association was informed that site surveys Congress on the matter, should be an ongoing activity. and agreements for the installation of satellite and data It therefore decided to re-appoint a Rapporteur on display terminals for most countries of the Region were Regional Marine Meteorological Services and adopted finalized in 1997, that most sites were installed and Resolution 12 (XII-RA V). operational, and that installation at remaining sites were expected to be completed by the end of 1998. The MARINE METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICES Association expressed its gratitude to the United States 7.4.3 The Association recalled' that the new \\'lv10 NWS for offering WMO free of charge the software pack­ marine broadcast system under the global maritime age, the personal computer-gridded interactive display distress and safety system (GMDSS) (forming a part of and diagnostic system (PCGRIDDS) and its user's guide, International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea which were distributed to all Members by the Secretariat (SOLAS)) had been implemented, as planned, as from in July 1997. 1 January 1992: Details of the system were formally 7.3.4 The Association was informed that an increased adopted by the eleventh session of the Commission for volume of high quality automated AMDAR data, includ­ Marine Meteorology (CMM) and approved by the forty­ ing data for en-route and ascent/descent phases of fifth session of the Executive Council as part of the flights, was being used by the London and Washington Manual on Marine Meteorological Services (WMO-No. 558). WAFCs to improve forecast accuracy. The Association The Association noted with satisfaction that full GENERAL SUMMARY 23 meteorological services through SafetyNET for the four Association to those activities. The ASSOciation, in par­ Metareas covering the Region had been operational for ticular, urged its Members to: some time. At the same time, it recognized the need to (a) Recruit more ships to the VOS programme, improve review continually those services, including in particular data quality and timeliness, strengthen their Port the views of users, and therefore urged Members in the Meteorological Officers (PMOs) networks, and par­ Region operating VOS to participate actively in the ticipate where possible in the ASAP programme and various marine meteorological services monitoring . the work of the ASAP Coordinating Committee; exercises being undertaken. (b) Participate whenever possible in the implementa­ 7.4.4 The Association noted with interest that a new, tion and long-term maintenance of the operational globally-coordinated marine pollution emergency IGOSS/SOO programme plan; response support system (MPERSS) had been adopted by (c) Develop and operate drifting buoy programmes in CMM-XI and, with the approval of the forty-fifth session data-sparse ocean areas and participate in the work of the Executive Council, was implemented on a trial of the Data Buoy Cooperation Panel (DBCP) and its basis as from 1 January 1994. The Association urged regional action groups such as the International Members with responsibilities agreed under the MPERSS Buoy Programme for the Indian Ocean (lBPIO). to make every effort to contribute to the trials and to 7.4.9 The Association noted that the satellite system report the results of those trials to CMM. It expressed its of the International Maritime Satellite Organization appreciation to Australia for hosting the International (INMARSAT), in addition to being a key element in the Seminar/Workshop on MPERSS in Townsville, Australia GMDSS and, thus, in the new WMO marine broadcast in July 1998, which it considered had provided an system, was also now a primary means for transmitting important stimulus to MPERSS implementation. meteorological and oceanographic reports from the 7.4.5 The Association noted with appreciation that WMO/VOS and IGOSS/SOO from ship to shore. The the marine climatological summaries scheme (MCSS), Association agreed that continuing efforts were reqUired the global digital sea-ice data bank (GDSIDB) and the to ensure that the most efficient and cost-effective use Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)/ was made of INMARSAT for the benefit of all Members. WMO Global Temperature Salinity Pilot Project (GTSPP) It therefore decided to keep in force Resolution 10 were all being continually developed to meet reqUire­ (XI-RA V) - Use of INMARSAT for the collection of ments for various types of marine climate data to ships' meteorological and oceanographic reports. support global climate studies, GCOS and the provision Furthermore, the Association expressed the need for of marine services. It therefore urged Members con­ compatibility as far as possible among warning responsi­ cerned in the Region to participate actively in those bilities for high seas, tropical cyclones, and aeronautical projects. services.

SYSTEMS FOR MARINE OBSERVATIONS AND DATA COLLECTION PROGRAMME SUPPORT ACTIVITIES 7.4.6 The Association noted with appreciation that, 7.4.10 The Association agreed that specialized semi­ following the agreement of Eleventh Congress that nars, workshops and similar events were of considerable WMO would cooperate with IOC in the development of value to Members involved in the operation of marine the GOOS, WMO was now a full co-sponsor of GOOS, observing systems and in the provision of marine servic­ along with the International Council for Science (lCSU), es, and that they should be continued. It requested its 10C and UNEP. The Association also urged Members to Members to consider the possibilities for hosting and support and provide cooperation to other IOC pro­ otherwise supporting such activities in the future. grammes, particularly the Tsunami Warning System in 7.4.11 The Association noted with appreciation that a the Pacific and West Pacific. number of experts from the Region had partiCipated in 7.4.7 The Association shared the view of Twelfth the Training Workshop on Numerical Wave Analysis and Congress that the development and implementation of Forecasting (Boulder, December 1995) and in the Second GOOS was of considerable importance to WMO and to International Workshop on Ocean Waves (Miami, NMSs, in view of the need for enhanced ocean data to April-May 1997). It further recognized the value to support meteorological and oceanographic services and members of CMM of the full day of scientific lectures on global climate studies, and also because of their existing the theme of marine pollution, which had taken place at experience and facilities in that field. The Association CMM-XII (Havana, March 1997). The Association therefore adopted Resolution 13 (XII-RA V). expressed its appreciation to Australia for organizing 7.4.8 The Association agreed that the VOS, the and hosting the Regional Workshops on Marine Integrated Global Ocean Services System (lGOSS) ships­ Meteorological Services in 1995 and 1997, which were of of-opportunity (SOO), the IGOSS sea-level programme, considerable benefit to Members of the Association in the Automated Shipboard Aerological Programme strengthening their marine activities. (ASAP), and the ocean data buoys and oceanographic 7.4.12 The Association noted the progress made in the satellites formed key components of both existing and South East Asian Centre for Atmospheric and Marine future ocean observing systems and contributed directly Prediction (SEACAMP) project and expressed the need to to GOOS and GCOS. It therefore agreed on the impor­ continue its development along with its associated proj­ tance of continued support by Members of the ects in support of the ASEAN countries. 24 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

7~4.13 Finally, the Association recalled that 1998 was The Association endorsed the future programme of work the International Year of the Oceans, and urged all its proposed by the WGH, which conformed to the 4LTP, Members to. continue to take an active part in the cele­ and included it in the terms of reference of the group. brations throughout the remainder of the year, as a 8.0.5 On the basis of the recommendations made by means of further promoting and publicizing the involve­ the WGH, and taking into account the decision of ment of NMSs in marine activities. Twelfth Congress and the recommendations of CHy-X, the Association adopted Resolution 14 (XII-RA V) re­ 8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES establishing the working group, open to all the Members PROGRAMME (HWRP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS of the Region, with a core of six rapporteurs, who would (agenda item 8) undertake specific work on different aspects of' the 8.0.1 The Association was pleased to note that, in group's terms of reference. With respect to the group's general, the needs of Members in the Region were ade­ membership, the Association asked its Members to quately reflected in the priority activities of WMO in ensure that their national Hydrological Services (NHSs) hydrology and water resources as given in the 4LTP. It and national Hydrometeorological Services were duly examined those topics in the Plan which were new or represented. It also invited Members to nominate which required more emphasis and considered that the promptly the WGH members in order to avoid delays in needs of small islands were of particular interest to coun­ the initiation of the activities of the . group. The tries of the Region, and recommended that they be Association endorsed the suggestion that the chairman taken into account, as appropriate, in the future work of of the working group be encouraged to disseminate a the Working Group on Hydrology (WGH). brief newsletter on hydrological matters in RA V at 8.0.2 The Association noted with appreciation the appropriate intervals. It further.recommended that funds report of the chairman of the WGH, Mr M.· P. Mosley be made available for at least one session of the working (New Zealand). It noted the progress made in carrying group to be convened during the next inter~sessional out studies on aspects of particular concern to Members period, with financial assistance so that the core rappor­ through its rapporteurs and co-rapporteurs, who had teurs could attend that session, and that in due course been given specific assignments. In particular, it noted the chairman and Secretariat should consult as to with interest the technical reports on: whether that meeting might be planned so as to serve as Topic Authors a focus for discussion of the specific needs of small island (a) Network design and analysis Mr C. Pearson States. That latter proposal responded to a recommenda­ (New Zealand) tion made by the WGH, but it also represented a (b) WCP-Water Mr T. Y. Piu response by the Association to the call by the United (Singapore) and Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) Ms M. Bautista at its sixth session in April 1998, for such States to (Philippines) strengthen their programmes for the collection and pro­ (c) Hydrological aspects of Mr R. Raj (Fiji) cessing of water data. . tropical cyclones 8.0.6 The Association was informed that (d) Performances standards Mr P. M. Mosley (New Mr P; M. Mosley, who had served as the chairman of the Zealand) RA V Working Group on Hydrology for 12 years, would (e) Development and promotion Mr J. Loebis be unable to continue in that capacity. Accordingly, the of regional aspects of the (Indonesia) Association recorded its appreciation to MrP. M. Mosley Hydrological Operational for the excellent leadership he had provided to the Multipurpose System (HOMS). group during the past three inter-sessional periods and, 8.0.3 The Association was pleased to note that the in general, for his outstanding contribution to hydrolo­ report on hydrological aspects of tropical cyclones gy in the Region. formed the basis of an article which would be published 8.0.7 In accordance with General Regulation 167(b), in the October 1998 issue of the WMO Bulletin. the Association deSignated its Regional Hydrological 8.0~4 The Association was pleased to note that its Adviser (REA), as contianed in Resolution 14 (XII-RA V). WGH had made Significant inputs to the activities with­ . It agreed that (s)he should play an active role in coordi­ in the Operational Hydrology Programme (OHP) and nating the technical and policy input of the that the group's activities '\Alere ¥lell coordinated '''lith hydrological bodies of Ivfembers vyith} vvhere applicable, those of the Commission for Hydrology (CHy). It further the help of the RHAs to the Permanent Representatives noted that the WGH had met in Brisbane, Australia in of Members of RA V. In that context, it noted that nihe July 1997 and, having considered its work during the RHAs had been appOinted in RA V. The Association rec­ present inter-sessional period and the needs of the ommended those Members that had as yet not Region in operational hydrology, had devoted some deSignated an RHA be invited to do so. time to. technical developments on the basis of presen­ tations organized by Mr R. James (Australia). It had also PROPOSALS FOR AN ENHANCED ROLE OF WMO IN RELATION identified six areas for future activities. For some of TO GLOBAL WATER ISSuEs those areas, the WGH had also recommended that the 8.0.8 The Association noted that the president of outputs might not necessarily be in the form ofa report. CHy had submitted a document to Twelfth Congress in GENERAL SUMMARY 25 which he had called for an enhanced role for WMO in most common problems affecting the work of RA WGHs the field of hydrology and water resources. It recognized was the long delay in the nomination and approval of that water-related issues had became more prominent members of the WGHs by individual countries, thus pre­ and appreciated the increasing leadership role which venting the timely initiation of activities of the groups. WMO was required to play in meeting the demands of Members in that field. EXCHANGE OF HYDROLOGICAL DATA 8.0.9 The Association noted that the president of 8.0.14 The Association was informed of the work CHy had also made specific proposals concerning the undertaken by CHy concerning the international reinforcement of the position of hydrology in WMO, its exchange of hydrological data. It took note of the draft representation on the Executive Council and subsidiary resolution on the exchange of hydrological data pre­ bodies, the name of the Organization, the budget for the pared by CHy-X and was informed that the HWRP and the staffing of the HWR Department. As Commission's Advisory Working Group had prepared a regarded the RHAs, it appreciated the decision of the draft annex to the resolution clarifying the term "hydro­ Executive Council that they were now invited to partic­ logical data" in that context. The significant differences ipate in the full period to all sessions of the Council. existing between hydrological and meteorological 8.0.10 The Association noted that CHy, having organizations and their requirements were recognized. reviewed the objectives and existing HWRP elements of The Association welcomed the efforts of CHy to provide the 4LTP, had suggested.two additional sets of activities guidance in that important area. for the period 2000-2009, covered by the Fifth WMO Long-term Plan (SLTP). Those two new components OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAMME (OHP) - BASIC were: II Application of Hydrology for Sustainable SYSTEMS Development and Protection of Areas Under Stress", and ll "Capacity Building • As requested by the forty-ninth ses­ WORLD HYDROWGICAL CYCLE OBSERVING SYSTEM (WHYCOS) sion of the Executive Council, those had been included 8.0.15 The Association was informed of the progress in in the programme and budget proposed for the next the development and implementation of WHYCOS. It financial period, to be considered by Thirteenth noted that the programme had generated considerable Congress. interest among the hydrological communities around the world. As a result, the whole of the African continent COMMISSION FOR HYDROLOGY (CHy) AND REGIONAL ACTIVI­ was covered by HYCOS projects either under implemen­ TIES tation (the Mediterranean Hydrological Cycle Observing 8.0.11 The Association noted that the terms of refer­ System (MED-HYCOS) and the Southern African ence of the vice-president of CHy included regional Development Community (SADC) Hydrological Cycle affairs and liaison with the RA WGHs. In addition, there Observing System (SADC-HYCOS)) or at varying stages were a number of future projects of the WGHs of some of development covering west, central and eastern Africa RAs which could either be of interest to the Commission and the Congo River basin. Projects were also being or for which some CHy support or input could be sought developed for the Baltic Sea and Caribbean regions. by the regional bodies. In that connection, the 8.0.16 The Association recalled that Twelfth Congress Association welcomed the collaborative efforts of a had recognized WHY COS as being particularly suited for number of experts of the Region. It noted, in particular, countries made up of small islands and had urged that that Mr P. M. Mosley also served as a member of the CHy components be developed for the Pacific and the Advisory Working Group, Mr B. Stewart (Australia) was Caribbean regions. Following a call from CHy-X for the the chairman of the CHy Working Group on Basic development of a Pacific-HYCOS, the chairman of the Systems and Mr C. Pearson (New Zealand) was the CHy working group had prepared such a proposal. The Expert on Network Design. Mr B. Stewart had prepared Association recommended that that proposal be further and conducted a one week workshop on water resources developed. assessment for countries of Southern Africa, while Mr C. 8.0.17 In view of the number of ongoing activities on Pearson had spent three weeks during April 1998 assist­ WHYCOS, the Secretary-General, acting on the recom­ ing the Government of Tanzania with plans to improve mendation of CHy-X, had established a WHYCOS its hydrological networks. coordination mechanism. A WHYCOS International 8.0.12 The Association noted that the RAs WGH con­ Advisory Group (WIAG) now guided the global develop­ stituted an important source of experience not only for ment of the programme. The Association welcomed the the Regions but also for CHy and that the increased participation of Mr P. M. Mosley in WIAG as the repre­ activity of those working groups also implied increased sentative of the CHy Advisory Working Group. technical and administrative support from the HWR Department. HYDROWGICAL OPERATIONAL MULTIPURPOSE SYSTEM (HOMS) 8.0.13 The Association was informed of the concern of 8.0.18 The Association was pleased to note the partici­ CHy at the low level of participation of hydrologists in pation of RA V in the implementation of HOMS. It also the sessions of RAs and took note of the appeal to pro­ felt that the needs of the Region were adequately reflect­ vide funding for RHAs or their representatives to ed in the Implementation Plan for HOMS: 1997-2000 participate in RA sessions. It also noted that one of the adopted by CHy-X. The Association was particularly 26 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

pleased to note the development of the electronic ver­ Coordination/Subcommittee on Water Resources sions of the HOMS Reference Manual both on diskette and (ACC/SCWR). The report was presented to the nine­ on the Internet. In addition, it endorsed the proposals teenth Special Session of the United Nations General for the development of HOMS and for appropriate tech­ Assembly (New York, June 1997) which had agreed on a nology for the Region as contained in the report of the Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda session of the working group (see general summary para­ 21 which, under the section entitled Freshwater, had graph 8.0.4). made the following specific recommendation: To strengthen the capability of Governments and HYDROLOGICAL INFORMATION REFERRAL SERVICE international institutions to collect and manage (INFOHYDRO) information, including SCientific, social and envi­ 8.0.19 The Association noted that the second edition ronmental data, in order to facilitate the integrated of theINFOHYDRO Manual (WMO-No. 683) had been assessment and management of water resources, and published as Operational Hydrology Report No. 28 in foster regional and international cooperation for 1995. The INFOHYDRO -database was maintained and information dissemination and exchange through continuously updated by the WMO Secretariat. The cooperative approaches mhong United Nations Association requested Members to cooperate with the institutions ... (Programme for the Further Implemen­ Secretariat in its efforts to keep the Manual complete and tation ofAgenda 21, Chapter III(B), paragraph 34(1)). up-to-date and, in particular, urged those-Members who While WMO was not specifically mentioned in that rec­ had not yet done so to provide and update the informa­ ommendation, the subject matter fell fully within its tion. area of responsibility. 8.0.25 The Association: noted that as part of the OPERATIONAL HYDROLOGY PROGRAMME (OHP) ~ preparatory process for the sixth sessibn of CSD, two APPLICATIONS AND ENVIRONMENT major international events were held. Those were the 8.0.20 The Association was informed of the Second United Nations sponsored Expert Group Meeting on International Conference on Climate and Water, which Strategic Approaches to Freshwater Management, held was held in Espoo, Finland, from 17 to 22 August 1998. in Harare in January 1998, and the Conference on Water The Conference was organized by the Helsinki and Sustainable Development, sponsored by the University of Technology, WMO, UNESCO and other Government of France and held in Paris in March 1998. international organizations. WMO had contributed to both of those events. 8.0.21 As regarded WCP-Water Project A.2, the 8.0.26 The Association was informed that two of the Association noted that that project was executed by newer bodies with which WMO was now associated WMO and that currently the work was concentrating on were the Global Water Partnership (GWP) and the World the intercomparison oUests for trend detection. Water Council (WWC). Links with the GWP had 8.0.22 The Association noted that 10 of its Members strengthened over the last few months through partici­ had contributed data to the Global Runoff Data Centre pation in a series of regional and global planning (GRDC). The Members were encouraged to continue the meetings and its role as a facilitator had been clarified. It regular supply of updated data. In that regard, reference was hoped that GWP would assist in channelling funds was made to the fact that the more comprehensive the to projects on water resource assessment. WMO was rep­ coverage over the Region, the more successful were like­ resented on the Board of Governors of the WWc. ly to be the efforts of those who studied and modelled 8.0.27 The Association noted that that burst of activity climatological and hydrological regimes, success in that was not only evident in the number of meetings and being of great potential value to all countries in the reports, but that there was also a marked increase in the Region. willingness of bilateral and multilateral donors to fund water projects. The concern was that a number of new COOPERATION WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS bodies had been formed as a part of that process and 8.0.23 The Association noted the various activities much of that new funding was being directed to their undertaken jointly by WMO and other international programmes and not in support of the established agen­ organizations in the Region. It also noted that the forty­ cies. There was a real possibility that the coming years ninth session of the Executive Council, having would see a marked increase in the number of well-fund- expressed some concern at the continuing proliferation ed regional and global projects on ,-vater resources of international organizations, both governmental and management which would call for increased basic data non-governmental, had seen inter-agency cooperation and information but it would be necessary to find ways as being essential and as having a multiplying effect on to ensure that that support, if any, should be provided to the effectiveness of WMO's work. those who actually supplied those data, the NHSs and 8.0.24 The Association was informed of the extensive NMHSs. contributions made by WMO during 1996 and early 8.0.28 As regarded coop-eration with UNESCO, it was 1997 to the fifth session of CSD. That comprised the noted that constant efforts were being made to maintain publication by WMO of the ComprehenSive Assessment of close coordination between WMO and UNESCO's water the Freshwater Resources of the World under the aegis of programmes. The Association noted in particular the the United Nations Administrative Committee on publication of the Water Resources Assessment: Handbook GENERAL SUMMARY 27 for Review of National Capabilities and the fact that the develop national plans for human resources develop­ fifth Joint UNESCO/WMO International Conference on ment to become self-reliant in the basic training of Hydrology was planned to be held in Geneva from 8 to meteorological and hydrological personnel. 12 February 1999. 9.5 With respect to the global survey of Members' 8.0.29 The Association was informed of the involve­ training reqUirements, carried out in 1998, the ment of WMO in the IDNDR and, in particular, the two Association expressed the hope that an active participa­ special projects related to hydrology and water tion of Members in the survey would allow a proper resources, namely the Comprehensive Risk Assessment assessment of regional training needs and would be a (CRASH) and the System for Technology Exchange for basis for modifications and improvements in the ETRP. Natural Disasters (STEND). The latter collected informa­ The Association recommended that the requirements of tion on technology and advised potential users on what Members in new subject areas and technologies should was available to answer their particular needs in seis­ be properly identified in their respective replies to the mology and volcanology as well as in hydrology. The 1998 survey. first edition of the STEND Reference Manual was made 9.6 The Association noted that since its last session, available on the Internet in the first quarter of 1996. WMO had organized and/or participated in the organi­ zation of 20 training events of interest to the 9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME Association. The Members of the Association had also (ETRP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda item 9) had the opportunity to benefit from training events GENERAL organized and hosted by national or international insti­ 9.1 The Association reviewed the information on tutions in other Regions, with WMO acting as the implementation of the Education and Training co-sponsor or providing partial financial support. For Programme (ETRP) in the Region since its last session. In the training events which were to be organized during noting with appreciation the progress achieved and the the next inter-sessional period, the Association indicat­ assistance provided to Members in developing their ed the following priority subject areas: new technologies human resources, the Association stressed that educa­ in meteorology: capacity building; numerical weather tion and training were fundamental to all other prediction and interpretation of model products; satel­ activities of WMO and continued to be of great impor­ lite meteorology; instruction of trainers; marketing and tance to Members in meeting their increasing commercialization of meteorological and hydrological responsibilities under the various programmes of the services; techniques for the provision of applied meteor­ Organization. ological services to users (agrometeorology, marine 9.2 The Association noted Volume 6 meteorology and aviation meteorology); data process­ (WMO/TD-No. 705) of Part II of the Fourth WMO Long­ ing; atmospheriC chemistry; and public weather term Plan as adopted by Twelfth Congress and urged its services. Members to carry out the roles which were defined for 9.7 The Association expressed its gratitude to those their execution under the various tasks and projects of of its Members, as well as to Members from other the Plan. Regions, which had made their national training facili­ ties available for the training of meteorological and EXECUTIVE COUNCIL PANEL OF EXPERTS ON EDUCATION AND hydrological personnel of RA V. The Association TRAINING expressed the hope that Members would continue such 9.3 The Association noted the views and recom­ support, in particular by hosting training events, by sup­ mendations of the Executive Council Panel of Experts porting financially the participation of their accepted on Education and Training on the activities of the WMO candidates and by providing lecturers or instructors. regional associations in education and training. In the 9.8 The Association noted with pleasure the train­ absence of a working group dealing exclusively with ing publications that had been issued by the education and training matters, the Association agreed Organization since its last session. It also noted that they that its other working groups should include in their were being used extenSively at national and regional terms of reference consideration of appropriate educa­ training centres. While requesting the Secretary-General tion and training needs, as informed through the to continue the preparation and publication of training guidelines endorsed by the forty-eighth session of the materials, the Association took into account the limited Executive Council. budgetary provisions for the purpose and urged Members to provide assistance for those activities as far TRAINING ACTIVITIES FOR HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT as possible. 9.4 The Association reaffirmed the importance of 9.9 The Association noted that the new Catalogue of the human resources development programme in assist­ the WMO Training Library (WMO/TD-No. 791, Education ing NMHSs, particularly in developing countries, to plan and Training Report No. 13) was distributed to Members and mobilize the financial and other resources to meet in 1997. In urging Members to make use in their train­ Members' training needs. In that respect, the ing programmes of the WMO Training Library holdings, Association noted with appreciation the results of the the Association also requested them to provide it with 1994 global survey of Members' training reqUirements relevant training material for the benefit of all other and encouraged its Members to make every effort to WMO Members. 28 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

EDUCATION AND TRAINING FELLOWSHIPS possibility of meeting their training reqUirements in the 9.10 The Association noted that long-term and WMO Regional Meteorological Training Centres short-term fellowships had continued to be the most (RMTCs) in Regions II and V. The Association encour­ effective means of assisting Members with their training aged Member countries to arrange for long-term requirements and expressed appreciation for the 49 fel­ fellowships to be completed ina significantly shorter lowships awarded to countries within the Region from time by encouraging candidates to obtain their basic 1994 to 1997. It also noted with appreciation that study degrees in science in their horrie countries before taking tours were organized for newly appointed Permanent concentrated courses in meteorology and hydrology Representatives of Member countries with WMO to outside their home countries, such as the Diploma familiarize themselves with the activities cif the courses in meteorology offered in Australia, India and Secretariat and of more meteorologically-developed the Philippines. The Association also requested Member countries. countries to continue to strengthen further regional 9.11 The Association noted with satisfaction the suc­ cooperation through various bilateral and multilateral cessful organization· of the Pacific Island Level 1 schemes, in particular the Technical Cooperation Meteorological Course, held in Fiji from 24 March to 16 Among Developing Countries (TCDC) projects. May 1997, with six participants from as many small Pacific Islands. The Association noted with appreciation 10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION (TCO) that the authorities of the Fiji Meteorological Service PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda were planning to organize similar courses in the future item 10) for the benefit of the South-West Pacific Islands. The 10.1 The Association noted with appreciation the Association recognized that the Fiji Meteorological report submitted by the Secretary-General on the tech­ Service continued to contribute significantly· to the nical cooperation activities since the last session and development of human resources in the subregion. The expressed its thanks to the donor community and to Association also noted with appreciation the valuable Members for the support provided. The Association contributions of Australia, the European Union, Japan noted the efforts made since its last session to enhance and New Zealand to the training of meteorological per­ technical cooperation activities, especially resource sonnel of most South-West Pacific Islands, the last mobilization for funding national and regional projects. within the framework of the Cyclone Warning System It also noted the action taken as a follow-up to the dis­ Upgrade Project. cussions of Twelfth Congress to harmonize the 9.12 The Association noted with appreciation that functions of the Regional Offices and those of the TCO the RSMC in Miami was planning to organize a training Department and to enhance the support to the TCO session on tropical meteorology in the year 2000. In the Programme, especially through the establishment of area of capacity building, the Association noted with sat­ subregional offices such as the one in Apia, Samoa for isfaction the graduation with a degree in meteorology the Pacific region. The Association emphasized the role from the University of Hawai, of the first student from of that Office in project development and resource the Federated States of Micronesia, in the NWS; mobilization activities. Department of Interior training programme. After an 10.2 The Association noted with concern that there appropriate internship at the Guam Forecast Office, he had been a substantial decline in United Nations would head the Meteorological Service of Yap State in Development Programme (UNDP) funding. That was the Federated States of Micronesia. Two additional grad­ essentially due to reduced contributions by donors and uates were expected in 1999 who would head the changes in the UNDP programme formulation and Meteorological Services of the Republic of Palau and implementation procedures including national execu­ Pohnpei State in the Federated States of Micronesia. tion, programme approach and increased share of sodal 9.13 The Association noted with satisfaction that the and humanitarian projects at the expense of Science and NOAA/NWS and the Cooperative Programme for technology. The Association emphasized the necessity of Operational Meteorology Education and Training the national Services to take the lead, to define the (COMET) had completed arrangements to provide, at no development requirements of their Services, to get the cost, all Members of the Association with copies of train­ Governments to give priority to those requirements by ing modules on marine weather, fire weather, hydrology relating them to national development plans, to submit for meteorologist and a hurricane case study. The neces­ their requests through Governments for external fund­ sity of completing and returning the licensing ing sources and to be prepared to implement projects. agreement was stressed in order that similar arrange­ The Association, therefore, stressed the role of MemberS ments might be made in the future. The Association in mobilizing resources at the national level. . reeorded its appreciation to the NOAA/NWS and- the 10.3 The Association noted with satisfaction that a COMET programme for their valuable contributions in number ofmissions were carried out in the Region dur­ training and capacity building in the Region. ing the reporting period and that those missions 9.14 In view of the ever-decreaSing fellowship resulted in the preparation of speCific project proposals. resources, and in order to make maximum use of the The Association, in recognizing the importance of sec­ limited available financial fellowship resourceSj the toral support missions in assisting Members to identify Association requested Member countries to €ansider tbe requirements and to formulate project proposals in the GENERAL SUMMARY 29 fields of meteorology and hydrology, requested the Association expressed its gratitude to the Members who Permanent Representatives of Member countries to sub­ participated in TCDC activities and urged them to take mit their requests for such missions to the UNDP an active part in that important activity. Resident Representative through the official channels in 10.8 The Association noted the important role of their respective countries. bilateral and multilateral assistance in strengthening 10.4 The Association was pleased to note that UNDP and developing the NMHSs in the Region and expressed funds supported a WMOjNWS assessment of the needs its appreciation for that assistance. The Association of the NMHSs (Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, requested Members to keep the WMO Secretariat the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam) for informed of such types of assistance. In that respect, the monitoring the transboundary transport of atmospheric Association noted with satisfaction Australia's contribu­ pollutants. The resulting report, PARTS, was submitted tion, through Aus AID and the Bureau of Meteorology, to the ASEAN Subcommittee on Meteorology and to support meteorological services in the Region. The Physics (ASCMGs) for review and approval. The Association also noted with satisfaction the cooperation Association noted that the PARTS project consisted of that existed between WMO and other regional organiza­ three components, namely: tions, such as SPREP and ASEAN, and requested the (a) Early detection of forest fires using satellites; Secretary-General to take the necessary measures to (b) Atmosphere transport modelling of trans boundary ensure that such cooperation continued in the future atmospheriC pollution; and and that due account was taken of ongoing projects and (c) Monitoring of atmospheric aerosols. programmes in the Region, such as the tropical cyclone PARTS was incorporated in the ASEAN Regional Haze project funded by the European Union. Action Plan (RHAP). Funding of PARTS was currently 10.9 The Association noted with appreciation the being sought principally through the United States status of implementation of the WMOjNetherlands Department of State's South-East Asia Environmental Project on Capacity Building in the Area of Management Initiative (SEAEI), the Australian Agency for of National Meteorological and Hydrometeorological International Development (Aus AID) and UNEP. The Services and expressed its gratitude to the Government Asian Development Bank had provided a framework and of the Netherlands for financing that project. The resources to implement RHAP through a Regional Association also expressed its gratitude to the Technical Assistance (RETA) programme. The Association Government of Fiji for hosting the workshop organized expressed the need for the project to be implemented as for the South Pacific countries within the framework of soon as possible with the full participation of the NMHSs the project. The Association requested the Secretariat to of the countries concerned. It requested the Secretary­ continue supporting capacity building activities for the General, in collaboration with the ASEAN and ESCAP Members. Secretariats and with the support of donors, to continue 10.10 The Association noted with satisfaction the supporting the implementation of the project. establishment of a WMO-linked foundation, the New 10.5 The Association was pleased to note the contin­ Sun Foundation, which seeked to target primarily pri­ uing contribution of the VCP and the WMO regular vate sector resources for projects in support of WMO budget to the development of NMHSs in the Region objectives in the area of environment-related activities. through the provision of fellowships and urgently­ The Association expressed its gratitude to the donors needed instruments, spare parts and consumables. The who had provided assistance through the Foundation. Association noted that there was still some need in the 10.11 The Association noted the establishment of GEF, Region to provide support to Members in order to ensure administered jointly by UNDP, UNEP and the World that a minimum basic infrastructure was kept into oper­ Bank, which provided an additional potential source of ation. It requested the Secretary-General to examine funding for technical cooperation activities in the fol­ ways and means of developing an appropriate strategy lowing four focal areas: global warming; biodiversity; to that end. The Association expressed its appreciation protection of international waters; and ozone depletion. to the VCP donor Members and urged others to partici­ It further noted that projects under such a scheme must pate actively in that scheme. Noting that SPREP had also be initiated by individual countries. The Association also undertaken technical cooperation activities in the noted that, through the GEFjGAW Project on Global Region, the Association recommended that SPREP Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases Including Ozone, assis­ should be invited to participate in the annual WMO tance was provided for the establishment of a GAW informal planning meeting on VCP and related techni­ station in Indonesia. The Association requested the cal cooperation activities. Secretary-General to assist in seeking the necessary funds 10.6 The Association recognized the importance of reqUired to cover the costs related to the procurement of Trust Funds for WMO technical cooperation activities additional equipment for the measurement of green­ for the development of NMHSs in the Region. The house gases and other relevant parameters. Association encouraged more use of that mechanism by 10.12 The Association welcomed the action taken by its Members. the Secretary-General to submit regional project propos­ 10.7 The Association noted the cost-effectiveness of als to the recently established United Nations TCDC as a means of promoting and strengthening col­ Foundation and noted that relevant information was lective self-reliance and international cooperation. The being circulated to Members on that source of funding. 30 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

The Association encouraged its Members to make use as in five languages. The Guide had been invaluable, partic­ far as possible of that mechanism. ularly to the IPA Focal Points in the NMHSs and to 10.13 The Association noted that Capacity 21 was ini­ Permanent Representatives with WMO, given the enor­ tiated by UNDP in response to the need as identified in mous media interest generated by the current ENSO Agenda 21, for national capacity building in developing event and the South-East Asian smog and haze, as well as countries. The Association requested Members to use by other extreme weather events in the Region. The such funding mechanisms taking into account that Association welcomed the IPA Programme's contribution funding from Capacity 21 was obtained directly from to the publicity and dissemination of the monthly UNDP through the submission of proposals to UNDP EI Nino Update. Resident Representatives through the official 11.4 The Association welcomed the media alliance Government channels. initiative among broadcasters and other communicators 10.14 The Association reviewed the future require­ launched in 1995 to promote the World Meteorological ments of the Region. It stressed the need for WMO and Day (WMD). Using the WMD information kit and video­ its Members to ensure the provisIon, at a good level, of film as entry points, the alliance had helped to extend meteorological and hydrological services to policy mak­ WMO's outreach through print media, radio and televi­ ers, planners and citizens in support· of sustainable sion networks. It also expressed satisfaction for WMO's development .. The· Association agreed that priority co-sponsorship of the annual International Weather should be given to supporting the basic WWW systems, Festival (lssy-Ies-Moulineaux, France) where broadcast climate change activities and CLIPS, as well· as to fore­ meteorologists and media representatives gathered to casting and monitoring of transboundary pollutants. discuss new developments in up-to-date television pres­ The Association requested the Secretary-General to work entation technology and communication techniques. in close collaboration with Members and regional organ­ 11.5 The Association expressed its support and izations towards developing and iniplementing relevant appreciation for WMO's public awareness campaign on projects, including in the area of water resources enVironmentally-sustainable sports under the WMOj through the WHY COS programme. International Olympic Committee (lOC) Memorandum of Understanding of 1996. That partnership had helped 11. INFORMATION AND PuBLIC AFFAIRS (TPA) to focus public attention on the valuable role of the PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS (agenda NMHSs to sports and the environment. The Association item 11) supported the idea of undertaking special efforts in 11.1 The Association reaffirmed the importance of future events, such as the Sydney Olympics in Australia, the IPA Programme to the successful implementation of which would coincide with the WMO Fiftieth WMO' scientific and technical programmes and its role Anniversary (WM050) celebration in the year 2000. in enhancing public awareness of the valuable contribu­ 11.6 In that connection, the Association encouraged tions being made by WMO and the NMHSs in the Members to contribute to the organization of events and Region. In that regard, and in order to ensure the effi­ IPA activities that would ensure the successful celebration cient use of limited resources, it encouraged close of WM050 worldwide. It noted with interest the many collaboration between the IPA and the scientific and suggestions which had been received so far from technical programmes of WMO, in particular the PWS Members in the Region on a wide variety of projects and Programme. promotional activities that would be undertaken in sup­ 11.2 The Association expressed its appreciation for port of WM050. In particular, Members were requested the capacity building initiatives that were undertaken to to contribute success stories, in print and in audio-visual improve the communication and public information formats, of initiatives that had been undertaken in the skills of Members. It commended the Secretary-General Region during the past 50 years which would be used as for the successful organization of a Training Workshop part of the global information kit to be produced and dis­ on Public Weather Services with Particular Emphasis on seminated for WM050. It welcomed the initiative of the TV Weather Presentation and Communication Skills Secretary-General to dedicate a sub-page onWM050 on (Singapore, 24 April-5 May 1995) for Regions II and V. the WMO website and encouraged Members to con­ With the kind support of· the United Kingdom tribute to a Trust Fund that had been established for the Meteorological Office and the British Broadcasting WM050 campaign. Corporation (BBC), the vlorkshop had covered presenta­ The Association noted· the increasing usefulneSS tions on the PWS Programme, and was primarily devoted of the Internet as a means of publicizing the activities of to practical training sessions on basic communication· WMO and of Members. It welcomed the progress being skills and techniques, weather presentations on televi­ made on the WMO home page and urged its further sion and radio, building partnerships with the media, development, including information on regional activi­ enhancing the visibility of WMO and the NMHSs, and ties as well as links between WMO and NMHSs' home information strategies and techniques for mobilizing pages. public support for global celebrations and events .. 11.8 The Association agreed that the exchange of . 11.3. The ASSOciation also expressed its appreciation public information material, advice and expertise . for the recently published Weather and the Media: A Press· among Members of the Region would be mutually sup­ Relations Guide (WMO-No. 861) which was now available portive. Ii: also agreed to promote adivities jointly with GENERAL SUMMARY 31 the United Nations Information Centres (UNICs), the the impacts of activities performed under the LTP UNDP Resident Coordinators, the national Committees within the '

reduce the impact of the EI Nino phenomenon, which Members disseminating the information received from called upon the organzations of the United Nations sys­ some Members on their additional data and products and tem, within the framework of IDNDR, to contribute related conditions had been most helpful. further to a comprehensive approach and study of 13.3.3 The brochure Exchanging Meteorological Data: El Nino ,and, to intenSify their cooperation with the Guidelines on Relationships in Commercial Meteorological regions affected by the phenomenon, especially with Activities - WMO Policy and Practice (WMO-No. 837)i developing countries: In November 1997, an Inter. explaining the decisions of Congress in respect of the agency Task Force on EI Nino was established to act as a data and products exchange was seen as helpful in fur­ mechanism for information exchange and follow-up thering the understanding WMO's policy and practice actions related to prevention, mitigation and prepared­ and in assisting Directors of NMHSs in alerting their ness of EI Nino. The Task Force would review the Governments as well as other data users in the academic, scientific and socio-economic aspects of natural hazards research and private sectors. related to EI Nino. As a member of the task force, WMO 13.3.4 The Association noted that information was had taken the lead role to review the scientific and tech­ made available by six Members in the Region regarding nologicalelements related to the forecasts of EI Nino and the implementation of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) and its their availability to Members. In that regard, the first impacts on NMHSs. It encouraged Members who had intergovernmental meeting of experts on ENSO would not yet done so to provide the relevant information as be organized in Guayaquil, Ecuador from 9 to 13 soon as possible. At the same time, the Association felt November 1998. The Association expressed the view that more time was needed to monitor commercial that many of the Pacific area Members, particularly meteorological activities in the Region and to assess small island developing States, should participate in the their implications on the exchange of data and products. conference. 13.3.5 The Association noted the discussions made 13.2.7 The Association agreed that WMO's long expe­ and the decisions taken by the Executive Council on rience in coordinating global and regional programmes that subject. It recalled and concurred with the of NMHSs would clearly serve as an excellent basis for Executive Council's call to Members to promote, at the continued efforts of the Organization in the promotion national level, a better understanding of Resolution 40 of disaster reduction activities beyond the Decade. The (Cg-XII) and to implement it to the best of their ability. Association further agreed that hazard assessment, disas­ In that connection, the Association urged its Members ter awareness and preparedness, early warning, research to reaffirm and reinforce the letter and spirit of and technology development, political commitment Resolution 40(Cg-XII) and to keep it in force without and national planning, and shared technology and change for the next period beyond Thirteenth Congress. knowledge were vital to the success in implementing the 13.3.6 The Association requested its Members to Yokohama Strategy Plan of Action over the remaining inform the Secretary-General of their experience with years of the Decade. The outcome of the work on those the implementation of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII), including major issues would form a basis for coherent strategies to the use of the Internet and the need to work together to be implemented· into the twenty-first century. resolve areas of concern that might arise. It agreed that Improving the disaster warning capacity of Members a real increase in meteorological data and products being and enhancing public awareness with an aim to saving exchanged should be promoted. . lives and property to the public should continue as high 13.3.7 The Association noted that the Council was priority activities within WMO Programmes and as a pleased to recognize that experience with the imple­ special focus for the rcp and PWS Programmes. mentation of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) had been largely positive and that there was generally a strong commit­ 13.3 INTERNATIONAL DATA EXCHANGE (agenda ment to make it work. It agreed with the Council that item 13.3) the major effort over the next few years should focus on 13.3.1 The Association recalled Resolution 40 continuing the monitOring of its implementation and (Cg-XII) - WMO policy and practice for the exchange the resolution of practical difficulties that arose. It con­ of meteorological and related data and products, includ­ curred with the Council, which strongly advised that it ing guidelines on relationships in commercial would be inappropriate to propose renegotiation of meteorological activities, and the associated actions to Resolution 40 (Cg-XII) at Thirteenth Congress .. be taken by Members, the preSidents of regional associa­ 13.3.8 The Association called upon its Members and tions and technical commissions, the Secretary-General the Secretary-General to make every effort to ensure that and by the Executive Council. legal instruments relating to the protection of databases 13.3.2 The Association thanked the Secretary-General were consistent with WMO's policy on data exchange as for the prompt and thorough actions he had taken reflected in Resolution 40 (Cg-XII). including the numerous letters. he had dispatched to heads of international organizations, Ministers of Foreign 13.4 ROLE AND OPERATION OF NATIONAL Affairs and Permanent Representatives of WMO Members METEOROLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES informing them of Congress decisions on the interna­ (NMHSs) (agenda item 13.4) tional exchange of meteorological data and products and 13.4.1 The Association agreed that the role and opera­ related matters. In particular, the letters to all WMO tion of the NMHSs was an area of great interest to it and GENERAL SUMMARY 35 requested the Secretary-General to continue supporting 13.4.10 With respect to capacity building, the the various related activities. Association considered that high priority should be 13.4.2 The Association noted that the Executive given to the subject of establishing common criteria for Council recognized the cross-cutting nature of those the Region to optimize services and achieve common activities which included the development of, inter alia, objectives. strategic planning frameworks, network designs, media 13.4.11 The Association requested its president to keep relations, human resources development, Internet capa­ abreast of the decisions and recommendations of the bilities, and training. It also noted the integrated Executive Council on that matter to ensure that appro­ approach being utilized in the Secretariat in that area. priate action was taken in a timely manner in the 13.4.3 The Association agreed that in view of the new Region. challenges facing the Services, such as the latter's mod­ ernization, the need to deal with relatively new areas, 13.5 SECOND TECHNICAL CONFERENCE ON THE such as climate change and other environmental issues, MANAGEMENT OF METEOROLOGICAL AND and involvement in new tasks related to Conventions HYDROLOGICAL SERVICES IN REGIONAL that had recently entered into force, it was necessary for ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) (agenda Members to take appropriate action. In that connection, item 13.5) the Association encouraged Members to establish at the 13.5.1 The Association expressed its appreciation to national level appropriate strategies to ensure coordina­ the Secretary-General in assisting Members in develop­ tion with related agencies/organizations and to ing their NMHSs, particularly by organizing regional maintain and operate cost-effective facilities and servic­ events including technical conferences on management, es. The Association also emphasized the need to seek to enable them to exchange views on, and share experi­ adequate resources to cover those activities. ence in, the management and operation of the Services. 13.4.4 The Association indicated that particular atten­ 13.5.2 The Association noted with satisfaction that, tion should be given within the Region to the topics of the Executive Council at its forty-ninth session, had commercialization and management of NMHSs, mainly approved funds for holding the Second Technical through technical conferences or seminars. Other issues Conference on the Management of Meteorological and of interest included observations, telecommunications, Hydrological Services in Regional Association V (South­ and data processing for improved products and services West Pacific). Considering that constant improvement of interest to Governments and to the public at large, on management techniques and practices was needed especially warnings and prevention of natural disasters for NMHSs to increase the efficiency of the Services and in the countries. to improve the ability to resolve problems facing them 13.4.5 The Association noted that within the frame­ under financial and institutional constraints, the work of the WMO/Netherlands Project on Capacity Association agreed that at least the following topics Building, the Guidelines for the Management of National should be discussed at the Conference: Meteorological and Hydrological Services would be pub­ (a) Planning and management of NMHSs, including lished and distributed to all Permanent Representatives. management techniques; The Association expressed its appreciation for the organ­ (b) Status and visibility of NMHSs; ization of the workshop in Fiji and urged Members to (c) Changes and opportunities: special aspect for small continue supporting such efforts. island developing States in the South Pacific; 13.4.6 The Association requested its Members to (d) Sustainable development strategies including exchange relevant information and experience related, capacity building and environmental issues; inter alia, to modernization and/or changing responsi­ (e) Technical cooperation at the regional level; bilities and basic infrastructure. (f) Appropriate technology for use in meteorological 13.4.7 The Association expressed its appreciation to WMO, and hydrological fields; and especially to the Secretary-General, for the support (g) NMHSs and alternative services delivery. provided to the development of the NMHSs, and encouraged 13.5.3 The Association requested WMO to include in its Members to continue to give full support to WMO. the programme of the Conference presentations on the 13.4.8 The Association endorsed the need for guide­ WMO Long-term Plan in assisting in the progress of lines to NMSs relating to the subject of alternative NMHSs, on awareness of Resolution 40 (Cg-XII), on services delivery. It noted that relevant responsibilities database management and on manpower development and consideration were identified by the Executive in managing the Services. Council. In that connection, the Association requested 13.5.4 The Association recommended that a third the Secretariat to make available relevant basic material technical conference on management be held during the as soon as it was finalized. thirteenth financial period (2000-2003). 13.4.9 The Association recognized that the status and 13.5.5 The Association 'welcomed with appreciation visibility of NMHSs was an important area of concern. In the invitation by the Government of Fiji to host the that connection, the Association recognized the need to Second Technical Conference in Nadi from 14 to establish solid foundations of the NMHSs through the 18 December 1998. adoption of appropriate legislative acts defining their 13.5.6 The Association encouraged the Directors of all missions, mandate and responsibilities. NMHSs in RA V to participate in that Conference. 36 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Furthermore, it requested the Secretary-General to invite 14.6 The Association expressed its appreciation Jor the Directors of non-Member NMHSs from small island the efforts of the Secretary-General in establishing the countries in the Region to the Conference and to pro­ Subregional Office for the South-West Pacific and vide support subject to the needs and availability of expressed its gratitude to the Government of Samoa and funds. SPREP for hosting the Subregional Office in the Headquarters of SPREP in Apia. The Members of the 14. WMO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE Association were requested to make full use of the SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC (agenda item 14) Subregional Office in various technical cooperation 14.1 The Association examined the activities of the activities. Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific since 14.7 The Association took into consideration the its eleventh session. It noted that the Office continued to views expressed regarding the location of the Regional carry out its functions and responsibilities as an integral Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific and agreed part of the Secretariat. It noted aho the assistance that the present arrangement should continue. provided by the Office to the preSident, the vice­ president, the various working groups and the rapporteurs 15. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS of the Association in discharging their responsibilities. (agenda item IS) The Association expressed satisfaction with the SCIENTIFIC LECTURES achievements made in promoting the development of 15.1 The following scientific lectures were presented meteorology and operational hydrology in the Region. It during the session: expressed its appreciation to the Secretary-General and to (a) Role of the national Meteorological and the staff of the Regional Office for their work during the Hydrological Services (NMHSs), presented by inter-sessional period. Mr]. W. Zillman (Australia); 14.2 The Association noted with satisfaction the (b) Impact of the El Nino in Indonesia, presented by increasing role of the Regional Office as a focal pOint for Mr R. S. Diharto (Indonesia); resources mobilization and as an information centre for (c) Meteorological Service: Singapore's experience in regional activities and in assisting Members to develop the use of information technology, presented by their NMHSs and implement WMO technical and scien­ Mr W. S. Lai (Singapore). tific programmes and other activities that had a regional 15.2 The lectures were followed by fruitful discus­ focus. It also recognized the efforts of the Regional Office sion. The Association expressed its appreciation to the to contribute to the new high priority areas in the Region. lecturers for their interesting and informative papers. 14.3 The Association expressed satisfaction at the commendable efforts of the Regional' Office in main­ INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS taining close contact with Members through visits and 15.3 During the course of the session, an informal participation in regional events in order to keep abreast meeting was held among the participants so as to pro­ of the activities in the fields of meteorology and opera­ vide them with an opportunity for a free exchange of tional hydrology in the Region. The Association agreed views and the sharing of experience. on matters of that the staff of the Regional Office should continue to regional and national concern, such as non-attendance make every effort to strengtheri,further cOI1tact with of some Members of RA V in the present session, the Member countries to facilitate the iniplementation of support needed for the Subregional Office for the South­ regional activities. West Pacific when established, the attendance of RA V 14.4 The ASSOciation recognized the efforts of the Members in the forthcoming session of Thirteenth Regional Office in maintaining close liaison and in col­ Congress in May 1999, the number of Executive Council laborating with regional intergovernmental bodies such seats allocated for RA V, and the expected impacts of La as ESCAP, ASCMG and SPREP. It invited the Office to Nina in some countries in the Region. The meeting was continue that type of activity but to extend it further to followed' by a brief presentation on Resolution 40 cover also IOC-WESTPAC and to use those regional (Cg-XII) - WMO policy and practice for the exchange forums to promote meteorology, physical oceanography of meteorological and related data and products; includ­ and operational hydrology as well as related environ­ ing gUidelines on relationships .in commercial mental issues and to increase the awareness of policy meteorological activities, by Mr J. Zillman (Australia) .. makers to the role of the NMHSsand WMO in their con­ Members were of the view that such an informal meet­ tribution to sustainable development. ing'should be arranged during the next sessioIl of the 14.5 The Association noted that the biannual Association. newsletter provided a vehicle for the exchange and dissemination of regional news and a means of 16. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND maintaining close liaison between the Regional Office RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION AND and Members of RAs V and II. The Association requested OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL the Regional Office to continue the issuance of the RESOLUTIONS (agenda item 16) newsletter and urged Members to contribute actively to 16.1 The Association examined those of its resolu­ news items and articles to the newsletter on a regular tions which were still in force at the time of the twelfth basis. session. GENERAL SUMMARY 37

16.2 The Association noted that most of its past res­ Indonesia for the excellent arrangements made and for olutions had been replaced by new resolutions adopted the warm hospitality extended to all participants. He during the session. It was further noted that while a few also expressed his· thanks to Messrs S. Karjoto and resolutions had been incorporated in the appropriate J. Lumsden for their contributions not only to RA V but WMO publications, some of them were still required to also to other WMO activities. He extended his apprecia­ be kept in force. tion to all participants for their fruitful contributions 16.3 The Association accordingly adopted and for the high spirit of cooperation during the session. Resolution 16 (XII-RA V). He congratulated the newly-elected president and vice­ 16.4 The Association considered that Resolution 2 president and looked forward to working with them (EC-XLVI) - Report of the eleventh session of Regional closely during the coming years. Association V (South-West Pacific), did not need to be 19.3 Mr S. Karjoto, former president of the kept in force. Association, stated that the twelfth session of RA V had been successful, due to the excellent cooperation and 17. ELECTION OF OFFICERS (agenda item 17) understanding among all participants. He expressed his The Association elected Messrs L. J. Tick (Malaysia) appreciation to Mr J. Zillman, President of the as president and R. S. Diharto (Indonesia) as vice-president Organization, and to Professor G. O. P. Obasi, Secretary­ of WMO Regional Association V (South-West Pacific). General of WMO, for their support to the activities of the Association. He was sure that they would enhance 18. DATE AND PLACE OF THE TIDRTEENTH SESSION further those activities and hoped that they would con­ (agenda item 18) tinue to provide support to all countries in the Region. In accordance with General Regulation 170, the He congratulated Messrs L. J. Tick and R. S. Diharto on president of the Association should determine the date their election as president and vice president of the and place of the thirteenth session in agreement with Association, respectively. He thanked Mr J. Lumsden, the President of the WMO and after consultation with acting president of the Association, for his cooperation the Secretary-General. and support to chair the session. 19.4 Mr R. S. Diharto, the principal delegate of 19. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION (agenda item 19) Indonesia, on behalf of his Government, thanked the 19.1 The principal delegates from Australia, Brunei Secretary-General of WMO and the staff of the Darussalam, French Polynesia, Malaysia, New Caledonia, Secretariat for the support provided by them. He also New Zealand, Singapore, the United Kingdom, and the thanked all partiCipants for their participation at the ses­ United States expressed their gratitude to the sion. He wished Mr S. Karjoto a happy retirement and all Government of Indonesia for hosting the session in an participants a safe journey to their countries. admirable way, with excellent arrangements and gener­ 19.5 Mr L. J. Tick, the newly-elected president of the ous hospitality extended to all participants. Appreciation Association, appreCiated the contribution of Messrs was also expressed to the WMO Secretariat and the local S. Karjoto andJ. Lumsden during the last four years and secretariat for the valuable support provided, which had hoped that he would get advice from them on the work helped in the smooth running of the session, including of the Association. the interpretation of two WMO official languages pro­ 19.6 Mr J. Lumsden, acting president of the vided at the session. They also expressed their Association, thanked the participants for their kind appreciation to Messrs S. Karjoto, former president of the words of appreciation to him and to Mr S. Karjoto. He Association, and to J. Lumsden, acting president of the thanked once again the Government of Indonesia, the Association, for the manner in which they had conduct­ WMO Secretariat, the local secretariat and the team of ed the session. They congratulated Messrs L. J. Tick and interpreters. He wished Mr S. Karjoto a happy retirement R. S. Diharto on their election as president and vice-pres­ and much success to the newly-elected president and ident of the Association, respectively, and wished them vice-president of the Association. every success in discharging their new duties. 19.7 The twelfth session of Regional Association V 19.2 The representative of the Secretary-General (South-West Pacific) closed at 3:30 p.m. on 21 September thanked the Government of Indonesia and the MGA of 1998. RESOLUTIONS

RESOLUTION 1 (XII-RA V)

WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) IN REGION V

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), Long-term Plans with a view to updating and NOTING: further developing the Programme relating (1) ResolutIon 2 (Cg-XII) - World Weather Watch to RA V; Progi:amme, (c) To develop proposals for the further develop­ (2) That major developments in science and technolo­ ment and full integration -of the WWW gy have taken place which need to be introduced components and functions with a view to _into the WWW system, achieving a cost-effective operation and a (3) That WWWdata and products are of vital impor­ better supply of WWW data and products tance to Members of RA V for meeting the throughout the Region; increasing requirements of users for meteorological (d) To keep abreast of new developments in the services and for tailored products, field of meteorological data processing, (4) Noting that the forty-eighth session of the observing techniques and telecommunica­ Executive Council had established guidelines on tions and -to make -recommendations for education and training for working groups and rap­ their application in the Region; porteurs, (e) To study the possible impact of new methods CONSIDERING: and techniques on the regional structure and (1) That the implementation of the WWW in the functions of WWW with a view to develop­ Region should be_kept under constant review, ing proposals for optimizing the GDPS, GOS (2) That the introduction of the new WWW concepts and GTS in the Region; will be of great benefit to all Members in the Region, (f) To develop an action programme for the (3) That full integration of the WWW functional com­ improved exchange of WWW data and prod­ ponents requires careful coordination among ucts on the basis of stated regional Members of RA V and constant evaluation of the requirements which would include provi­ related projects, sions for the generation of high-quality (4) That the range of applications of the products of products by GDPS centres in the Region as the WWW to socio-economic life and development well as for making available data and prod­ and to the physical environment in the Region is ucts from other Regions; continually evolving, (g) To advise the president of the Association on (5) That the WMO Long-term Plan needs regular all matters concerning WWW; updating from the point of view of regional (h) To keep under constant review the regional requirements, telecommunication plan and its implemen­ DECIDES: tation, including developments in the use of (1) To establish a Working Group on Planning and satellites for data collection and distribution; Implementation of the World Weather Watch in (i) To keep under review education and training Region V (RA V/WG-PIOW) with the following requirements related to the implementation terms of reference: - and operation of the WWW Ln the Region; (a) To monitor the- progress made in the imple­ (j) To maintain close liaison with those bodies mentation and operation of the WWW in responsible for the implementation of IGOSS, the Region and to advise on possible IOC-WESTPAC and related oceanographic improvements and priorities for appropriate programmes and other WWW-related coordic actions to be carried out under the WWW nation bodies in the Region, such as SPREP Programme and- the need for external sup­ and the South Pacific Forum; port, where required; (2) That the working group should be composed of: (b) To keep under review the actions taken (a) A coordinator of a Subgroup on Regional under the required WWW Implemenmtation Aspects of the Global Telecommunication Programme of the Fourth and Fifth WMO System; RESOLUTION 1 39

(b) A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the (b) Ms T. H. Sian (Singapore) to serve as Global Observing System; Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Global (c) A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Data-processing System; Global Data-processing System; (c) Mr E. H. Young, Jr. (United States) to serve as (d) A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Data Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Data Management and Codes; Management and Codes; (e) A Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Public (d) Mr K. O'Loughlin (Australia) and Weather Services; Ms 1. Veloroso (Philippines) to serve as Co­ (f) Other experts as nominated by Members; rapporteurs on Regional Aspects of Public The terms of reference of the subgroup and the rap­ Weather Services; porteurs are indicated in the annex to this (6) To invite Members of the Association to nominate resolution; experts to serve on the working group and on the (3) To designate in accordance, with General Subgroup on Regional Aspects of the Global Regulation 32, Mr R. R. Brook (Australia) as chair­ Telecommunication System; man of the working group; (7) To request the chairman of the working group to (4) To designate Mr H. Hassett (Australia) as coordina­ submit progress reports at yearly intervals to the tor of the Subgroup on Regional Aspects of the president of the Association and a final report not Global Telecommunication System; later than six months before the thirteenth session (5) To invite: of the Association. (a) Mr T. Hart (Australia) to serve as Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Global Observing NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 1 (XI-RA V), which is no System; longer in force.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 1 (XII-RA V) WORKING GROUP ON PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WWW IN REGION V

The terms of reference for the subgroup and rappor­ capabilities of geostationary satellites for teurs nominated under Resolution 1 (XII-RA V) are as data collection and distribution; follows: (vi) To monitor and report on the operation of meteorological telecommunications in (a) Subgroup on Regional Aspects of the Global Region V and to formulate appropriate rec­ Telecommunication System ommendations; (vii) To keep under review education and training (i) To keep abreast of developments in new requirements related to the GTS in the Region; telecommunication technology and equip­ (viii) To advise and report to the chairman of the ment and to study their possible adaptation working group on regional meteorological to the requirements for an efficient region­ telecommunication problems; al meteorological telecommunication (ix) To represent the Region at sessions of rele­ system in Region V, as well as the advan­ vant CBS groups and task teams on the GTS. tages to be derived from communication space techniques, including meteorological (b) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the Global satellites; Observing System (ii) To formulate recommendations on regional activities relating to the WWW telecommu­ (i) To review and advise on the observational nication system in Region V; data reqUirements of Members of the (iii) To formulate recommendations for the regional association in the context of the coordination of the implementation of WWW Programme in the Fourth WMO telecommunication facilities and tech­ Long-term Plan; niques, if required; (ii) To review and advise on the design and (iv) To study problems and develop improved implementation of the RBSN of surface and and cost-effective arrangements relating to upper-air stations; the exchange of observational data and (iii) To keep under review education and train­ processed information, both in pictorial ing requirements related to the GOS in the and digital form, within Region V and out­ Region; side it; (iv) To keep abreast of matters related to the (v) To keep under review the regional meteo­ development and introduction of new rological telecommunication plan, observing systems and to advise on their particularly as regards developments in the application in the Region; 40 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

(v) To advise and report to the chairman of the (v) To conduct both real-time and non-real­ working group on all matters concerning time monitoring of the entire WWW regional aspects of the GOS; Programme in the Region; (vi) To represent the Region at sessions of rele­ (vi) To provide information on the operation of vant CBS groups and task teams on the GOS. the entire WWW Programme in the Region, taking into account the requirements of (c) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of tbe Global Data­ Members; processing System (vii) To keep under review the existing regional meteorological codes for Region V and to (i) To keep abreast of developments in data­ develop new codes or recommend changes processing equipment and techniques to existing regional codes, as required; which could· be beneficially introduced at (viii) To keep under review education and train­ national and regional centres to improve ing requirements· related to data their operational capability both within the management ~nd codes in the Region; www system and in related areas; (ix) To take action on coding problems assigned (ii) To formulate recommendations for coordi­ by the president of the regional association, nated implementation of data-processing in particular, compliance with existing facilities and techniques at GDPS, GTS and agreed coding practices; other centres and, if required, for multi­ (x) To represent RA V at sessions of relevant purpose use; CBS groups and task teams on Data (iii)· To keep under review education and train­ Management including Data Represen­ ing requirements related to data processing tation and Codes. in the Region; (iv) To advise and report to the chairman of the (e) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Public Weather working group on all matters concerning Services data-processing activities in the Region; (v) To represent the Region at sessions of rele­ (i) To keep under review the implementation vantCBS expert groups on the GDPS. of the PWS Programme in Region V; (ii) To advise the chairman of the working group on matters relating to formulation, (d) Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of Data presentation and dissemination of forecasts Management and Codes arid warnings and establlsh good relations (i) To keep under review data and information with the media and the private sector; presentation, including the exchange of (iii) To keep under review education and train­ formats and codes and the conversion ing requirements related to the PWS between formats and codes; Programme; (ii) To keep under review data and product selec- (iv) To k~ep under review, in coordination with tion and presentation to recipients (NMCs); the Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of the (iii) To collect information on the level of qual­ GDPS, aspects relating to exchange and ity control of data and products; coordination of hazardous weather infor­ (iv) To review the WWW data and product mation among neighbouring countries; recovery procedures in case of major out­ (v) To represent the Region on the CBS ages of key facilities; Working Group on Public Weather Services.

RESOLUTION 2 (XII-RA V) REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPTIC NETWORK

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), 2.1.4,: 2.1.5 and 2.1.6 and the definition of the NOTING: Regional Basic Synoptic Networks, . (1) Resolution 2 (XI-RA V) - Region,al Basic Synoptic CONSIDERING that the establishment and maintenance Network, of an RBSN of surface and upper-air synoptic stations, (2) The World Weather Watch (WWW) Programme for adequate to meet the requirements of Members and of the period 1996-2005, the WWW, constitute one of the most important obli­ (3) The Manual on the Global Observing System gations of Members under Article 2 of the WMO (WMO-No. 544), Volume I, Part III, Regulations Convention, RESOLUTION 2 41

DECIDES that the stations and the observational pro­ on the Global Observing System (WMO-No. 544), on grammes listed in the annex to this resolution constitute Codes (WMO-No. 306) and on the Global Telecom­ the RBSN in Region V; munication System (WMO-No. 386); URGES Members: AUTHORIZES the president of the Association to approve, (1) To spare no effort in their endeavours to secure, at the request of the Members concerned and in consul­ at the earliest date possible, full implementation tation with the Secretary-General, minor amendments of the network of stations and observational to the list of stations in accordance with the procedures programmes set forth in the annex to this resolu­ laid down in the Manual on the Global Observing System tion; (WMO-No. 544), Volume II - Regional Aspects, (2) To comply fully with the standard times of observa­ Region V (South-West Pacific). tion, the global and regional coding procedures and data-collection standards, as laid down in the WMO NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 2 (XI-RA V), which is no Technical Regulations (WMO-No. 49) and the Manuals longer in force.

ANNEX RESOLUTION 2 (XII-RA V) LIST OF PROPOSED REGIONAL BASIC SYNOPIC NETWORK STATIONS IN REGION V

Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

AUSTRALIA 94290 FLINDERS REEF S 94294 TOWNSVILLE AMO S 94102 TROUGHTON ISLAND (WA.) S 94294 TOWNSVILLE AMO WR 94103 BROWSE ISLAND AWS S 94296 LIHOU REEF S 94120 DARWIN AIRPORT S 94298 MARION REEF S 94120 DARWIN AIRPORT WR 94299 WILLIS ISLAND S 94122 BATHURST ISLAND AWS CAPE S 94299 WILLIS ISLAND WR FOURCROY 94300 CARNARVON AIRPORT S 94132 KATHERINE AERO S 94300 CARNARVON AIRPORT W 94146 ELCHO ISLAND GALIWINCU S 94302 LEARMONTH AIRPORT S 94147 CAPE WESSEL AWS S 94302 LEARMONTH AIRPORT WR 94150 GOVE AIRPORT S 94312 PORT HEDLAND AMO S 94150 GOVE AIRPORT WR 94312 PORT HEDLAND AMO WR 94151 NORTH EAST ISLAND S 94313 WITTENOOM S 94170 WEIPAAMO S 94317 NEWMAN AERO S 94170 WEIPAAMO W 94319 TELFER S 94184 COEN AIRPORT S 94324 YUENDUMU S 94185 COEN (POST OFFICE) S 94326 ALICE SPRINGS AERO S 94200 MANDORA S 94326 ALICE SPRINGS AERO WR 94203 BROOMEAMO S 94327 JERVOIS S 94203 BROOMEAMO WR 94332 MOUNT ISA AMO S 94206 FITZROY CROSSING AERO S 94332 MOUNT ISA AMO WR 94207 ROWLEY SHOALS AWS S 94333 BOULIA S 94211 MOUNT BARNETT MOUNT S 94341 RICHMOND AIRPORT S ELIZABETH 94346 LONGREACH AMO S 94212 HALLS CREEK AMO S 94346 LONG REACH AMO W 94212 HALLS CREEK AMO W 94363 EMERALD AIRPORT S 94216 KUNUNURRA AERO S 94366 BOWEN AIRPORT S 94236 ELLIOTT S 94367 MACKAY MO (MT BASSET) S 94238 TENNANT CREEK MET OFFICE S 94367 MACKAY MO (MT BASSET) W 94238 TENNANT CREEK MET OFFICE W 94374 ROCKHAMPTON AIRPORT S 94248 CENTRE ISLAND S 94374 ROCKHAMPTON AIRPORT WR 94255 CAMOOWEAL POST OFFICE S 94388 LADY ELLIOT ISLAND AWS S 94267 NORMANTON S 94393 FREDERICK REEF S 94268 KOWANYAMA S 94394 CATO ISLAND S 94275 GEORGETOWN S 94403 GERALDTON AMO S 94283 COOKTOWN MISSION STRIP S 94403 GERALDTON AMO WR 94287 CAIRNS AIRPORT S 94429 MT MAGNET AERO S 94287 CAIRNS AIRPORT W 94430 MEEKATHARRA AMO S 42' ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Inaex No. Station name· Observations Index No. Station name Obseniations

94430 MEEKATHARRA AMO W R 94842 CAPE OTWAY LIGHTHOUSE S: 94850 KING ISLAND AIRPORT . S ,9444·9 LAVERTON. AWS. S · 94451 CARNEGIE (CARNEGIE) S 94865 LAVERTON AERODROME S , 94461 'GILES S 94865 LAVERTON AERODROME WR 94461' GILES W R 94875 SHEPPARTON AIRPORT S ·94462 YULARA AWS CONNELLAN S 94893 WILSONS PROMQNTORY S AIRPORT LIGHTHOUSE · 94477 MARLA POLICE STATION S 94907 EAST SALE AMO S 94482 IHRDSVILLE POLICE STATION S 94907 EAST SALE AMO W 94488 WINDORAH S 94910 WAGGA WAGGA AMO/AWS S 94492 THARGOMINDAH S 94910 WAGGA WAGGA AMO/AWS . W R · 94500 CUNNAMULLA POST OFFICE S 94926 CANBERRA AMO AWS S · 94510 CHARLEVILLE AMO S 94926 CANBERRA AMO AWS W 94510 CHARLEVILLE AMO W R 94935 MALLACOOTA AWS S 94515 ROlvlA AiRPORT S 94954 CAPE GRIM B.A.P.S. S 94552 OAKEY AERO MET OFFICE S 94956 STRAHAN AIRPORT AWS S · 94:578 BRISBANE AIRPORT M.O S 94968 LAUNCESTON AIRPORT S 94578:. BRISBANE AIRPORT M.O W R 94968 LAUNCESTON AIRPORT . W 94584 DOUBLE ISLAND POINT S 94975 HOBART AIRPORT S LIGHTHOUSE 94975 HOBART AIRPORT W R 94601. AUGUSTA CAPE LEEUWIN S 94983 EDDYSTONE POINT S 94610 BELMONT PERTH AIRPORT AMO S· LIGHTHOUSE 94610 BELMONT PERTH AIRPORT AMO W R 94995 LORD HOWE ISLAND S 94637 KALGOORLIE-BOULDER AMO S 94995 LORD HOWE ISLAND W R' 946V KALGOORLIE-BOULDER AMO W R 94996· NORFOLK ISLAND AMO S 94638 ESPERANCE MO S 94996 NORFOLK ISLAND AMO W R 94638 ESPERANCE MO W R 94997 HEARD ISLAND (THE SPIT) S , 94:642 BALLADONIA . S 94998 MACQUARIE ISLAND S 94643 RAWLINNA BALGAIR S 94998 MACQUARIE ISLAND W R 94647 EUCLAAMO S 95111 PORT KEATS AERO S · 94'647 EUCLAAMO WR 95205 DERBY AERO AWS S · 94651 NULLARBOR S 95322 RABBIT FLAT S 94653 CEDUNA AMO . S 95448 LEONORA LEINSTER AERO AWS S 94653 . CEDUNAAMO W 95458 COOBER PEDY AWS . S 94659 WOOMERA AERODROME MO S 95480 MARREE AERO S 94659 WOOMERA AERODROMEMO W R 95481 MOOMBA AIRPORT' S 946.72 ADELAIDE AIRPORT S 95485 TIBOOBURRA AIRPORT S 94672 ADELAIDE AIRPORT W R 95527 MOREEMO S · 94691 BROKEN HILL AWS S 95527 MOREEMO WR 94693 MILDURA AIRPORTMO S 95634 SOUTHERN CROSS AIRFIELD S 94693 MILDURA AIRPORT MO W 95637 LAKE GRACE S . 94700 HILLSTON AIRPORT S 95646 FORREST AWS S 94711 COBARMO· S 95666 PORT AUGUSTA AWS S 94711 COBARMO WR 95-703 BOURKE AIRPORT S · 94729 BATHURST AIRPORT AWS S 95719 DUBBO AIRPORT AWS S · 94750 NOWRA RAN AIR STATION' S 95762 TAMWORTH AIRPORT AWS S 94750 NOWRA RAN AIR STATION W R 95839 . HORSHAM AERODROME S 94767 SYDNEY AIRPORT AMOAWS S · 94767 SYDNEY AIRPORT AMO AWS, WR BRUNEI DARUSSALAM '94776 WILLIAMIOWN AMO RAAF S 96315 BRUNEI AIRPORT S · 94776 WILLIAMTOWN AMO RAAF WR 96315 BRUNEI AIRPORT WR ·94791 COFFS HARBOUR MO/AWS . S .94791 COFFS HARBOUR MO/AWS W COOK ISLANDS 94802 . ALBANY AIRPORT S · 94802 ALBANY AIRPORT WR 91801 PENRHYN W 94804 NEPTUNE ISLAND S 91802 PENRHYN AWS S 94821 MT GAMBIER AERO S 91809 MANIHIKI AWS S 94821 MT GAMBIER AERO WR 91811 PUKAPUKA S RESOLUTION 2 43

Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

91812 PUKAPUKA AWS S 91948 RIKITEA S 91826 PALMERSTON S 91948 RIKITEA WR 91831 AITUTAKI AWS S 91952 MURUROA S 91841 MAUKEAWS S INDONESIA (JAWA) 91843 RAROTONGA S 91843 RAROTONGA W 96749 JAKARTA/SOEKARNO-HATTA S 91848 MANGAIAAWS S 96749 JAKARTA/SOEKARNO-HATTA WR 96781 BANDUNG/HUSEIN S DETACHED ISLANDS (91 : 753, 754) 96805 CILACAP S 96839 SEMARANG/ AHMADYANI S 91753 HIHIFO (ILE WALLIS) S 96933 SURABAYA/PERAK S 91754 MAOPOOPO (ILE FUTUNA) S 96935 SURABAYA/JUANDA S DETACHED ISLANDS (91 533) 96935 SURABAYA/JUANDA WR 91533 BANABA S INDONESIA (KALIMANTAN) EAST TIMOR 96509 TARAKAN/JUWATA S 96509 TARAKAN/JUWATA W 97385 OE-CUSSE/OE CUSSE S 96581 PONTIANAK/SUPADIO S 97390 DILLl/DILLI AIRPORT S 96633 BALlKPAPAN/SEPINGGAN S FIJI 96645 PANG KALAN BUN/ISKANDAR S 96645 PANG KALAN BUN/ISKANDAR W 91650 ROTUMA S 96655 PALANGKARAYA/PANARUNG S 91652 UDU POINT AWS S 96685 BANJARMASIN/SYAMSUDDIN S 91659 NABOUWALU S NOOR 91660 YASAWA-I-RARA AWS S 91670 VIWAAWS S INDONESIA (MALUKU AND IRIAN JAYA) 91676 VANUA BALAVU AWS S 91680 NADI AIRPORT S 97430 TERNATE/BABULLAH S 91680 NADI AIRPORT WR 97460 LABUHA/TALIABU S 91683 NAUSORI S 97502 SORONG/JEFMAN S 91691 LAKEBAAWS S 97502 SORONG/JEFMAN W 91693 VUNISEA S 97530 MANOKWARl/RENDANI S 91697 MATUKU AWS S 97560 BIAK/MOKMER· S 91699 ONO-I-LAU AWS S 97560 BIAK/MOKMER WR 97580 SARMI S FRENCH POLYNESIA (AUSTRAL ISLANDS) 97600 SANANA S 91954 TUBUAI S 97686 WAMENA/WAMENA S 91954 TUBUAI WR 97690 JAYAPURA/SENTANI S 91958 RAPA S 97724 AMBON/PATTIMURA S 91958 RAPA WR 97724 AMBON/PATTIMURA WR 97748 GESER S FRENCH POLYNESIA (MARQUESAS ISLANDS) 97760 KAIMANA/UTAROM S 91925 ATUONA S 97796 KOKONAO/TIMIKA S 91925 ATUONA WR 97810 TUAL/DUMATUBUN S 97876 TANAHMERAH S FRENCH POLYNESIA (SOCIETY ISLANDS) 97900 SAUMLAKI S 91929 BORA-BORA S 97980 MERAUKE/MOPAH S 91929 BORA-BORA W 97980 MERAUKE/MOPAH WR 91938 TAHITI-FAAA S INDONESIA (NUSA TENGGARA) 91938 TAHITI-FAAA WR 97230 DENPASAR/NGURAH-RAI S FRENCH POLYNESIA (TUAMOTU ISLANDS AND 97260 SUMBAWA BESAR/SUMBAWA S GAMBIER ISLANDS) BESAR 91943 TAKAROA S 97270 BIMA S 91943 TAKAROA W 97300 MAUMERE/WAI OTI S 91944 HAO S 97340 WAINGAPU/MAU HAU S 91944 HAO WR 97372 KUPANG/EL TARI S 91945 HEREHERETUE S 97372 KUPANG/EL TARI WR 44 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

'Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations :

91168 KAPAA, KAUAI, HAWAII S INDONESIA (SULAWESI) 91182 HONOLULU, OAHU, HAWAIi S 97014 MENADO/DR. SAM RATULANGI S 91190 KAHULUl AIRPORT, MAUl, S 97014 MENADO/DR. SAM RATULANGI ·WR HAWAII 97028 TOLI-TOLI/LALOS S 91194 KAHOOLAWE, HAWAII S 97048 GORONTALO/JALALUDDIN S 91203 FALALOP ISLAND (CG), ULUHI S 97072 PALU/MUTIARA S ATOLL 97072 PALU/MUTIARA WR 91204 ULITHI, ULITHI ATOLL, S 97086 LUWUK/BUBUNG S CAROLINE ISLANDS . 97096 POSO/KASIGUNCU S 91212 NWSO AGANA, GUAM, S 97120· MAJENE S MARIANA ISLANDS 97146 KENDARI/WOLTER MONGINSIDI S 91217 WSMO AGANA, GUAM WR 97180 UJUNG PANDANG/HASANUDDIN S MARIANA ISLANDS 97180 UJUNG PANDANG/HASANUDIN WR 91221 ROTA, MARIANA ISLANDS S 97192 BAU-BAU/BETO AMBARI S 91222 PAGAN ISLAND AWS, S MARIANA ISLANDS INDONESIA (SUMATRA) 91231 TINIAN, MARIANA ISLANDS S 91251 ENIWETAK ATOLL AWS, S 96009 LHOKSEllMAWE/MALIKUSSALEH S MARSHALL ISLANDS 96011 BANDA ACEH/BLANGBINTANG S 91259 UTIRIK ATOLL AWS, S 960n BANDA ACEH W MARSHALL ISLANDS .96035 MEDAN/POLONIA S 91275 JOHNSTON ISLAND S .96035 MEDAN/POLONIA WR 91285 HILO/GEN. LYMAN, HAWAII, S 96073 SIBOLGA/PINANGSORI S HAWAII · 9609'1 TANJUNG PINANG/KIJANG S 91285 HILO/GEN. LYMAN, HAWAII, WR 96109 PAKANBARU/SIMPANGTIGA S HAWAII : 96145 TAREMPA S 91287 CAPE KUMUKAHI,.HAWAII S 96147 RANAI S 91294 SOUTH POINT, HAWAII S RANAI W • 96147 91315 EAURIPIK,CAROLINE IS. S : 96163 PADANG/TABING S 91317 WOLEAI ATOLL, CAROLINE IS. S .96163 PADANG/TABING WR 91328 ULUL AWS, CAROLINE IS. S 96179 SINGKEP/DABO S 91334 TRUK, CAROLINE IS. S 96195 JAMBI/SULTAN TAHA S 91334 TRUK, CAROLINE, IS. WR 96221 PALEMBANG/TALANGBETUTU S 91338 SATAWAN ATOLL AWS, S 96237 PANGKAL PINANG/ S CAROLINE ISLANDS PANGKALPINANG 91339 LUKUNOR ATOLL, CAROLINE S · 96237 PANGKAL PINANG WR ISLANDS 96249 TANJUNG PANDAN/BULUH S 91343 OROLUK ATOLL AWS, CAROLINE S TUMBANG ISLANDS 96253 BENGKULU/PADANGKEMILING S' 91348 PONAPE, CAROLINE IS. S 96295 TELUKBETUNG/BERANTI S 91348 PONAPE, CAROLINE IS. wR' ISLANDS (96: 995, 996) 91352 PINGELAP ATOLL AWS, S CAROLINE IS. 96995 . CHRISTMAS ISLAND AERO S 91355 KOSRAE ATOLL AWS, S · 96996 COCOS ISLAND AIRPORT S CAROLINE IS. 96996 COCOS ISLAND AIRPORT WR 91356 LELU, KOSRAE ATOLL, CAROLINE S ISLANDS ISLANDS IN THE PACIFIC OCEAN NORTH 91365 UJAE ATOLL AWS, MARSHALL IS. S OF THE EQUATOR 91366 KWAJALEIN/BUCHOLZ AAF, S 91066 MIDWAY ISLAND S MARSHALL IS. 9115.8 PRINCEVILLE, KAUAI, HAWAII S. 91366 . KWAJALEIN/BUCHOLZ AAF, WR 91159 KEKAHA, KAUAI, HAWAII S MARSHALL IS. 91163 PORT ALLEN AIRPORT, KAUAI, S 91367 AILINGLAPALAP ATOLL, S HAWAII MARSHALL IS. • 91165 LIHUE, KAUAI, HAWAII S 91369 JALUlT ATOLL, MARSHALL IS. . S 91165 LIHUE, KAUAI, HAWAII . WR 91371 WOTJE ATOLL, MARSHALL IS . S 91166 MAKAHUENA POINT, KAUAI, S 91376 MAJURO/MARSHALL IS. INTNL. . S HAWAII 91376 MAJURO/MARSHALL IS. INTNL. WR RESOLUTION 2 45

Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

91377 MILI ATOLL AWS, MARSHALL IS. S 93069 MOKOHINAU AWS S 91408 KOROR, PALAU IS. S 93110 AUCKLAND AERO AWS S 91408 KOROR, PALAU IS. WR 93112 WHENUAPAI WR 91411 NGULU, CAROLINE IS. S 93186 TAURANGA AERO AWS S 91413 YAP, CAROLINE IS. S 93196 HICKS BAY AWS S 91413 YAP, CAROLINE IS. WR 93245 TAUPO AWS S 91425 NUKUORO ATOLL, CAROLINE IS. S 93291 GISBORNE AERODROME W 91492 CHRISTMAS ISLAND W 93292 GIS BORNE AERODROME AWS S 93305 MAUl A PLATFORM S KIRIBATI 93308 NEW PLYMOUTH AERODROME W 91601 BUTARITARI S 93309 NEW PLYMOUTH AWS S 91610 TARAWA S 93373 NAPIER AERODROME AWS S 91610 TARAWA WR 93404 PALMERSTON NORTH AWS S 91623 BERU S 93417 PARAPARAUMU AERODROME WR 91629 ARORAE S 93420 PARAPARAUMU AWS S 93498 CASTLEPOINT S MALAYSIA (PENINSULAR MALAYSIA) 93527 FAREWELL SPIT AWS S 48601 PENANG/BAYAN LEPAS S 93614 HOKITIKA AERODROME W 48601 PENANG/BAYAN LEPAS WR 93615 HOKITIKA AERODROME AWS S 48615 KOTABHARU S 93678 KAIKOURA S 48615 KOTABHARU WR 93709 HAAST AWS S 48620 SITIAWAN S 93773 TIMARU AERODROME AWS S 48647 KUALA LUMPUR/SUBANG S 93781 CHRISTCHURCH AEROAWS S 48648 KUALA LUMPUR/PETALING JAYA WR 93800 SECRETARY ISLAND AWS S 48657 KUANTAN S 93805 PUYSEGUR POINT AWS S 48657 KUANTAN WR 93831 QUEENSTOWN AERODROME S 48665 MALACCA S 93844 INVERCARGILL AERODROME WR 93845 INVERCARGILL AIRPORT AWS S MALAYSIA (SABAH AND SARAWAK) 93896 TAIAROA HEAD S 96413 KUCHING S 93909 SOUTH WEST CAPE AWS S 96413 KUCHING· WR 93929 ENDERBY ISLAND AWS S 96421 SIBU S 93947 CAMPBELL ISLAND AWS S 96441 BINTULU S 93986 CHATHAM ISLAND WR 96441 BINTULU WR 93987 CHATHAM ISLANDS AWS S 96449 MIRI S 93994 RAOUL ISLAND, KERMADEC IS. S 96465 LABUAN S AWS 96471 KOTA KINABALU S 93997 RAOUL ISLAND, KERMADEC IS. WR 96471 KOTA KINABALU WR 96481 TAWAU S NUIE 96481 TAWAU WR 96491 SANDAKAN S 91822 ALOFI/NIUE S NAURU PAPUA NEW GUINEA 91530 NAURU AIRPORT WR 92001 KIUNGA WO. S 91531 NAURU S 92003 DARUWO. S 92004 WEWAKWO. S NEW CALEDONIA 92014 MADANGWO. S 91570 ILE SURPRISE S 92014 MADANGWO. WR 91574 ILE LOOP (CHESTERFIELD) S 92035 PORT MORESBY WO. S 91577 KOUMAC (NLLE-CALEDONIE) S 92035 PORT MORESBY WO. WR 91582 OUANAHAM CILE LIFOU) S 92044 MOMOTEW.O. S 91592 NOUMEA (NLLE-CALEDONIE) S 92044 MOMOTEWO. WR 91592 NOUMEA (NLLE-CALEDONIE) WR 92047 NADZABW.O. S 91598 MATTHEW (ILOT) S 92071 UVOL S 92076 KAVIENG W.O. S NEW ZEALAND 92077 GURNEY W.O. S 93004 CAPE REINGA S 92087 MISIMA W.O. S 93023 PURERUA S 92100 TOKUA W.O. S 46 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Index No. Station name Observations Index No. Station name Observations

PHILIPPINES SINGAPORE 98133 CALAYAN S . 48698 SINGAPORE/CHANGl AIRPORT S .. 98135 BASCO S 48698 SINGAPORE/CHA~GI AIRPORT WR· 98223 LAOAG S 98223 LAOAG WR SOLOMON ISLANDS 98232 APARRI S 91503 MUNDA S ·98325 DAGUPAN S 91507 AUKI S · 98328 BAGUlO S 91517 HONIARA WR 98328 BAGUIO W 91520 HONIARA/HENDERSON S 98329 MUNOZ S 91541 SANTA CRUZ S 98336 CASIGURAN S 98429 NINOY AQUINO INTERNA- S SOUTHERN LINE ISLANDS TIONAL AIRPORT 98429 NINOY AQUINO INTERNA" WR 91902 MALDEN ISLAND (NORPAX) S TIONAL AIRPORT 91902 MALDEN ISLAND (NORPAX) WR 98431 CALAPAN S · 98440 DAET S TOKELAU (AND SWAINS IS.) : 98444 LEGASPI S 91720 ATAFU S 98444 LEGASPI W 91723 NUKUNONU S 98526 CORON S 91724 NUKUNONO S 98531 SAN JOSE S 91727 FENUAFALA/FAKAOFO S 98536 ROMBLON S 98543. MASBATE S TONGA 98550 TACLOBAN S 98618 PUERTO PRINCESA S 91776 KEPPEL S • 98618 PUERTO PRINCESA W 91780· VAVAU S 98630 CUYO S 91784 HAAPAI S 98637 ILOILO S 91792 FUA'AMOTU S 98646 MACTAN S 91792 FUA'AMOTU W 98646 MACTAN WR TUVALU 98653 SURIGAO S 98741 DIPOLOG S 91631 NANUMEA S 98747 LUMBIA AIRPORT S 91636 NUl S 98748 CAGAYAN PE ORO S 91643 FUNAFUTI S 98753 DAVAO AIRPORT S 91643 FUNAFUTI WR 98753 DAVAO AIRPORT W 91648 NIULAKITA S • 98755 HINATUAN S VANUATU 98836 ZAMBOANGA S 91551 SOLA (VANUA LAVA) S PHOENIX ISLANDS 91554 PEKOA AIRPORT (SANTO) S· · 91701 KANTON ISLAND S 91555 LAMAP (MALEKULA) S · 91701 KANTON ISLAND WR 91557 BAUERFIELD (EFATE) S 91557 BAUERFIELD (EFATE) WR SAMOA AND AMERICAN SAMOA 91565 BURTONFIELD (TANNA) S 91762 APIA S 91568 ANEITYUM S 91764 CAPE TAPUTAPU AWS, S AMERICAN SAMOA . Type of observation - Cou~t: 91765 PAGO PAGO/INT.AIRP. S S (Surface): 398 91765 PAGO PAGO/INT.AIRP. WR: W (Radiowind): 31 91766 CAPE MATATULA AWS, S R (Radiowind/Radiosonde): 93 AMERICAN SAMOA 91768 TA'U AWS, AMERICAN SAMOA S Total stations: 522 RESOLUTIONS 3, 4 47

RESOLUTION 3 (XII-RA V) RAPPORTEUR ON REGIONAL ASPECTS OF INSTRUMENT DEVELOPMENT, RELATED TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), DECIDES: NOTING: (1) To appoint a Rapporteur on Regional Aspects of (1) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Instrument Development, Related Training and Eleventh Session of Regional Association V (South-West Capacity Building with the following terms of Pacific) (WMO-No. 811), reference: (2) Resolution 4 (EC-L) - Report of the twelfth session (a) To update the information on instrumenta­ of the Commission for Instruments and Methods of tion operated at meteorological stations and Observation, on its maintenance and calibration; CONSIDERING: (b) To prepare guidance for the best use of mete­ (1) The importance of information on instrument orological instrumentation; development as guidance for improving the equip­ (c) To keep abreast of all matters related to ment of surface-based observing stations with instrument development; sensors and automatic weather stations, (d) To support the coordination of education (2) The need for technology transfer among and training measures for instrument techni­ Members, cians in collaboration with the RICs and the (3) The wide range of requirements for meteorological WMO Secretariat; variables to be measured, (e) To facilitate communication between CIMO (4) The need for updating the information on the sta­ and the regional association on matters per­ tus of instrumentation used at meteorological taining to capacity building in the field of stations and on the maintenance and calibration of instruments and methods of observation; instruments, (2) To invite Mr]. Warne (Australia) to serve as rapporteur; (5) The need for coordinating education and training (3) To request the rapporteur to submit annual progress measures for observers, station inspectors and tech­ reports and a final report to the president of the nicians in the field of operation, maintenance and Association at least six months before the thir­ calibration of meteorological instruments, teenth session of the Association.

RESOLUTION 4 (XII-RA V) REGIONAL INSTRUMENT CENTRES (RICs)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (a) To keep a set of meteorological standard instru­ NOTING: ments linked with recognized international or (1) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the national standards and to log their performance Eleventh Session of Regional Association V (South-West and elements of comparison; Pacific) (WMO-No. 811), (b) To assist Members of the Region in calibrating their (2) The sixth edition of the Guide to Meteorological national standard meteorological instruments or in Instruments and Methods of Observation comparing them with standard instruments and to (WMO-No. 8), keep the Members of the Region and the WMO CONSIDERING: Secretariat informed on the availability of standard (1) The need for regular calibration and maintenance instruments; of meteorological instruments to meet the increas­ (c) To be prepared to certify the instruments' conform­ ing needs for high quality meteorological and ity with the standards with reference to WMO hydrological data, recommendations; (2) The requirements of Members in the Region for (d) To organize instrument evaluations and compar­ standardization of meteorological instruments, isons, following standard methods; (3) The need for international instrument intercompar- (e) To advise Members of the Region concerned on their isons and evaluations, enquiries regarding instrument performance and on NOTING with appreciation the offers made by Australia the availability of relevant guidance material; and the Philippines to provide facilities to the NICs to (fJ To assist WMO in organizing regional symposia, perform the function of RICs, seminars or workshops on the maintenance, cali­ DESIGNATES the NIC Manila, Philippines as an RIC for bration and comparison of meteorological RA V with the following functions: instruments by providing laboratory and field 48 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

installations, as well as to provide assistance with (d) To organize instrument evaluations and compar­ regard to demonstration equipment and expert isons based on proven methodologies; advice; (e) To provide advice to Members of RA V on instru­ (g) To keep a library of books and periodicals on instru­ ment performance and availability of relevant ment theory and practices; gUidance material; (h) To cooperate with other RICs to provide standardi- (1) To keep a library of books and periodicals on zation of meteorological instruments; metrology and methods of measurement in mete­ DESIGNATES also the Australian RIC in Melbourne with orology, that can be referred to on request from the following functions: Members of RA V; (a) To keep a set of meteorological standard instru­ (g) To cooperate with other RICs to provide better links ments with traceability to recognized international to international standards; or national standards and to document their per­ (h) To inform Members of RA V and WMO when rele­ formance and elements of comparison; vant training courses, seminars and symposia on (b) To assist Members of Region V to calibrate those meteorological metrology are to be conducted; imd national standards meteorological instruments or (i) To include the operations of the RA V Radiation . compare them with the standard instruments main­ Centre (also based in the Australian Bureau of tained by the RIC, and to keep the Members of RA V Meteorology) in its activities; and the WMO Secretariat informed on the available standard instruments and their traceability; REQUESTS the Secretary-General to include the content (c) To provide documentation, when required by of this resolution in the Manual on the Global Observing WMO, to certify traceability of all standard instru­ System (WMO-No. 544), Volume II, Regional Aspects, ments used for RIC functions; Region V (South-West Pacific).

RESOLUTION 5 (XII-RA V) AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON THE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM (WMO-No. 386), VOLUME II, REGIONAL ASPECTS, REGION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC)

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), Region V (South-West Pacific) be amended as given in NOTING: the annex to this resolution; (1) Resolution 2 (Cg-XII) - World Weather Watch AUTHORIZES the president of the Association to approve, Programme, in consultation with the Secretary-General, minor (2) The Manual on the Global Telecommunication System amendments to the Manual on the Global (WMO-No. 386), Volume II, Regional Aspects, .. Telecommunication· System (WMO-No. 386), Volume II, Region V (South-West Pacific), Regional Aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific); CONSIDERING the need to update the RMTN for Region V REQUESTS the Secretary-General of WMO to include the (South-West Pacific) to meet the data exchange require­ amended text given in the annex to this resolution in ments. of Members of Region V, Part I of the Manual on the Global Telecommunication DECIDES. that the Manual on the Global Telecommunication System (WMO-No. 386), Volume II, Regional Aspects, System (WMO-No. 386), Volume II, Regional Aspects, Region V (South-West Pacific).

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 5 (XII-RA V) AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON THE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM (WMO-No. 386), VOLUME II, REGIONAL ASPECTS, REGION V (SOUTH·WEST PACIFIC)

Part I. Organization of the Regional Meteorological meteorological reports from their syn­ Telecommunication Plan for Region V (South· West optic stations; Pacific) for the World Weather Watch (WWW) (b) Keep close liaison at all levels with the Replace the text of paragraph 2.3.3 by the following: responsible telecommunications 2.3.3 Members using the public telecommunica­ authorities (e.g. PIT) with a view to tion system for the collection of ensuring expeditious handling of observational reports should: meteorological traffic and taking full (a) Make periodic checks on the regularity advantage of applicable operational and efficiency of the collection of provisions. RESOLUTION 6 49

Replace the text of sections 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5 by the 3.5.2 Each NMC should be connected with following: the associated RTH (see paragraph 3.4 above) by 3.3 Functions ofRTHs pOint-to-point circuits or multipoint satellite­ RTHs in Region V should be capable of per­ based systems to transmit its collected forming the functions defined in paragraph observational data and to receive required obser­ 2.1, Part I, Volume I of this Manual. vational as well as processed information in 3.4 Zones of responsibility ofRTHs for the alphanumeric, binary and pictorial form. NMCs collection of observational data may be connected to more than one RTH. The RTHs in the Region will have the fol­ 3.5.3 The GTS component of the lowing zones of responsibility for collection of International Satellite Communication System observational data*: (ISCS) over the Pacific operated by United States Name of RTH Zone of responsibility/ is integrated into the regional meteorological associated NMCs telecommunication network as a data-distribu­ tion system based on point-to-multipoint Melbourne Australia and outlying islands, Brunei Darussalam, Fiji, telecommunication services via satellite facili­ French Polynesia, Indonesia, tating the distribution of meteorological data Kiribati, Malaysia, New and products (see also paragraph 3.4, Part I, Caledonia, Papua New Volume I of this Manual). WMC/RTH Melbourne Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, and RSMC Nadi should make the required ad Singapore, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, hoc arrangements for routing the data and Wallis and Futuna products from Region V to RTH Washington for Wellington New Zealand and outlying insertion in the ISCS. islands, Cook Islands, Niue, 3.5.4 The NMC may be connected to the asso­ Pitcairn, Tokelau ciated RTH via another NMC, subject to the Via Washington Hawai, Guam, Micronesia and outlying USA islands agreement of the Members concerned. * Arrangements shall be made by the RTH to 3.5.5 Figure 1 shows the regional meteorolog­ ensure that all Antarctic data received shall be ical telecommunication network for Region V. disseminated on the MTN and regionally, as Replace Figure 1 - Regional Meteorological Telecom­ required. munication Network for Region V (South-West Pacific) by the new figure which appears in Annex I to this report. 3.5 Configuration of the regional meteoro- Replace the text of section 4 by the following: logical telecommunication network 4. Interregional exchanges 3.5.1 The regional meteorological telecom­ The interregional exchanges with the munication network interconnecting the neighbouring Regions should be made by the centres is composed of meteorological transmis­ Main Telecommunication Network, the interre­ sion systems and circuits as defined in gional circuits and the supplementary paragraph 3.2.2, Part I, Volume I of this Manual. interregional circuits, as necessary.

RESOLUTION 6 (XII-RA V) REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V TROPICAL CYCLONE COMMITTEE FOR THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND SOUTH-EAST INDIAN OCEAN

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (5) Resolutions of the United Nations General NOTING: Assembly on the International Decade for Natural (1) Resolution 5 (Cg-XII) - Tropical Cyclone Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), Programme, (6) The WMO Plan of Action for the IDNDR (revised (2) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2816 June 1995 by Cg-XII), (XXVI) - Assistance in case of natural disaster and (7) Decisions of the United Nations Commission on other disaster situations, Sustainable Development for small island develop­ (3) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2914 ing States, (XXVII) - International action for the mitigation (8) With appreciation the reports of the sessions of the of the harmful effects of storms, RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South (4) United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3234 Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean, (XXIX) - International cooperation in the peaceful (9) Sections concerning the Tropical Cyclone uses of outer space, Programme in Part I (WMO-No. 830) and Part II, so ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Volume 1 (WMO/TD-No. 700) of the Fourth WMO (e) To seek through appropriate channels finan­ Long-term Plan, cialand technical support for the programme CONSIDERlNG the need for the countries in the South activities; Pacific and adjacent areas affected by tropical cyclones (f) To mordinate its activities with all other to continue to work together to accelerate action, par­ activities carried out as a part of, or in con­ ticularly within the context of the sustainable junction with, the WMO Tropical Cyclone development of small island developing States, to reduce Programme, specifically with the RA I the loss of human life and damage caused each year by Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South-· tropical cyclones and associated phenomena, West Indian Ocean ilnd, in respect of flood DECIDES: warnings,'Yith the RA V Working Group on (1) To re-establish a working group to be known as the Hydrology; RA V Tropical Cyclone COmmittee for the South (2) To invite the following Members of RA V to nomi­ Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean with the fol­ nate experts to serve on the working group: lowing terms of reference: Australia Niue (a) To promote and coordinate the planning and Cook Islands Papua New Guinea implementation of measures for the Federated States of Micronesia Samoa improvement of cyclone warning systems Fiji Solomon Islands and related meteorological services and the French Polynesia Tonga facilitation of efforts to minimize loss of life, Indonesia United Kingdom human suffering and damage caused by trop­ New Caledonia United States ical cyclones and related natural· hazardous New Zealand Vanuatu; phenomena in the tropical part of Region V (3) To invite France and the following Pacific island south of the Equator; countries to deSignate experts to participate in the (b) To review regularly the status of tropical working group: cyclone and flood warning systems in Kiribati the South Pacific and South-East Indian Tokeiau Ocean and recommend measures for the Tuvalu; development or improvement of these (4) To invite the chairman ofthe RA I Tropical Cyclone systems; Committee for the South-West Iridian Ocean to (c) To coordinate its activities with those of serve as an ex-officio member; other international bodies concerned with (5) To deSignate, in accordance with General disaster mitigation and economic develop­ Regulation 32, Mr S. Ready (New Zealand) as chair­ ment in the South PaCific, in particular with man of the committee; the European Union South Pacific Tropical REQUESTS the chairman of the committee to submit a Cyclone Warning System Upgrade Project, report to the thirteenth session of RA V; the United Nations Office for Coordination REQUESTS the Secretary-General: of Humanitarian Affairs, UNDP, SPREP, the (1) To convene biennial sessions of the committee; International Federation of Red Cross and (2) To continue to take the necessary steps to assist the Red Crescent Societies, the South Pacific committee and to ensure the provision of appropri­ Forum and the Asian Disaster Preparedness ate Secretariat support to its activities. Centre; (d) To continue to develop dose ties with NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 5 (XI-RA V), which isno national emergency management bodies; longer in force.

RESOLUTION 7 (XTI-RA V) CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (4) The uncertainty about the likely nature and magni­ NOTING: tude of human-induced climate change in the (1) Article 10 of th~ Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Region, Framework Convention on Climate Change, (5) The vital role of the NMSs of the Region in proVid­ (2) The plans of the WMO-UNEP Intergovernmental ing scientific data and advice t6 their Governments Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the prepara­ on climate matters, tion of its Third Assessment Report, (6) Its own responsibility, under Article 18 of the WMO (3) The continuing high level of public concern within Convention, for coordination of meteorological . the Region about the possible impacts· of climate (including climatological) and related activities in change, . the Region, . RESOLUTION 8 Sl

ADOPTS the summary statement entitled Climate REQUESTS the president of the Association and the Change in the South-West Pacific as set down in the Secretary-General to bring the statement to the atten­ annex to this resolution; tion of all concerned.

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 7 (XII-RA V) CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC

At its twelfth session in Bali, Indonesia, (September (d) The attention of all Members should be drawn to 1998), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) the fundamental role of the WWW and its RBSN Regional Association for the South-West Pacific (RA V) as the observational foundation for climate mon­ reviewed the substantial recent global and regional itoring in the Region and to the critical need for action in connection with possible human-induced cli­ upgrading both the coverage and the performance mate change. It noted that, despite considerable standards of these networks, in line with the progress in the scientific study of possible climate interest of Article 10 of the Kyoto Protocol; change in the Region, there are great uncertainties (e) Close coordination should be maintained at both about the nature and likely magnitude of future the national and regional levels between the change and only modest progress has been made in WWW networks and the related observational ini­ establishing or upgrading the meteorological and relat­ tiatives such as GCOS; ed observing systems needed to detect and monitor (f) The existing routine climate monitoring systems climate variability and change in the Region. for the Region should be upgraded in respect of Conscious of its role as the established intergov­ both their content and timeliness, and training ernmental body responsible for coordination of opportunities should be provided in their use for meteorological (including climatological) and related staff from the NMHSs of Members of the develop­ activities in the Region, the Association identified a ing countries in the Region; number of important initiatives for priority attention. (g) Members should be encouraged to cooperate in In particular, the Association agreed that: annual assessments of observed climate variations (a) Those Members with the capability to do so and trends in the Region; should accelerate their efforts to develop (h) In undertaking studies of the scope fot adaptation SCientifically-sound regional assessments of to future climate change in the Region, Members future climate change for the South-West and international organizations should pay Pacific for a range of greenhouse gas emission greater attention to the very large natural vari­ scenarios; ability of the climate of the South-West Pacific (b) Necessary support should be sought to enable sci­ and, in particular, to the role of the various exist­ entists from the developing countries in the ing programmes on tropical cyclone, flood and Region to participate fully in the scientific studies other national disaster mitigation; in order to ensure that expert advice is available to (i) There are still significant scientific uncertainties their Governments on the nature, scientific basis about the operation of the climate system, which and reliability of the projections of possible future add uncertainty to predictions of climate variabili­ change; ty and change. Members were encouraged to (c) Members should be encouraged to partiCipate as participate in the planning and implementation of fully as possible in the work of the IPCC, includ­ research programmes, such as CLIVAR, ensuring ing especially the preparation of its Third that they address global and regional processes Assessment Report; important to South-West Pacific countries.

RESOLUTION 8 (XII-RA V) WORKING GROUP ON CLIMATE MATTERS

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (3) Resolution 9 (Cg-XII) - Climate Information and NOTING: Prediction Services (CLIPS), (1) Resolution 7 Cg-XII) - World Climate Programme (4) The Second Assessment Report of the and its coordination, requesting the regional asso­ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ciations to promote regional activities related to the (IPCC), WCP, (5) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the (2) Fourth WMO Long-term Plan, Part II, Volume 2 - The Forty-eighth Session of the Executive Council World Climate Programme (WMO/TD-No. 701), (WMO-No. 846), agenda item 4, S2 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

CONSIDERING the need for the Association to expand its and the implementation of the UN/FCCC activities on climate-related matters of special impor­ and to make re(:ommendations on relevant tance to the Region, action which may be required in the DECIDES: Region; (1) To establish a Working Group on Climate Matters (I) To liaise with relevant GCOS bodies, critical­ with the following terms ·of refer~nce; ly review reports on GCOS and make (a) To keep abreast of the climate-related nation­ recommendations on its implementation in al and international activities, in particular the Region based as far as possible on exist­ thQse undertakep by Members in Region V ing networks and systems; and within the WCP and either ~limate-relat­ (j) To consider the appropriate education and ed programmes; training needs, informed by the guidelines . (b) To advise on the improvement of climate endorsed by the forty-eighth session of the aata exchange and on the development of Exe(:utive Council; regional climate observing networks, includ­ (2) To select the following experts to serve on the work­ ing a regional referenc~ climatological ing group in the capacities indicated: station network; Mr T.L. Seng (Malaysia) to serve as Rapporteur on (c) To address problems faced by Members in Climate Data Management including CLICOM and collecting, processing and archiving DARE; climatological observations and facilitate the Mr S.Hadijan (Indonesia) to serve as Rapporteur on transfer of advice on the improvement of Climate Networks and GCOS; climate data management systems, including Messrs H. S. H. Sirabaha (Brunei Darussalam) and CLICOM, and on data rescue (DARE) projects; C. K. Kee (Malaysia) to serve as Co-rapporteurs on (d) To keep under review the development of cli­ Climate Change including IPCC and UN/FCCC; mate datasets, in particular reference datasets Mr R. Basher (New Zealand) to serve as Rapporteur to be used for climate change detection, on Climate System Monitoring and ENSO; especially on the regional scale; Mr P. Agus Winarso (Indonesia) to serve as (e) To promote the transfer of knowledge on Rapporteur on Climate Services including CLIPS; existing and new applications of climatolog­ (3) To invite a representative o{SPREP to participate in ical data and products (including seasonal the work of the group; forecasts) in the Region, and on the ways and (4) To invite the Co-rapporteurs on Climate Change means to provide climate services; including IPCC and UN/FCCC to liaise with RA V (1) To review the progress in research aimed at representatives on the IPCC Bureau in respect of . predictive capability on seasonal to interan­ matters covered under DECIDES (l)(h) above; nual time-scales as well as the arrangements (5) To designate Ms M. Voice (Australia) as chairperson necessary to ensure that thIS capability is of theworking group; channelled effectively to the NMHSs; REQUESTS the chairperson of the working group to sub­ (g) To keep under review studies and projects mit annual progress reports to the president of the concerning the Region on the assessment of Association and a final report not later than six months the socio-economic impacts of climate and before the thirteenth session of the Association. climate change; (h) To keep under review the development of cli­ NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 6 (XI-RA V), which is no mate change assessments provided by IPCC longer in force.

RESOLUTION 9 (XII RA-V) RAPPORTEUR ON THE GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE WATCH

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), DECIDES; NOTING Resolution 13 (Cg-XI) - Atmospheric Research (1) To appoint a Rapporteur on the Global Atmosphere and Environment Programme, Watch with the following terms of reference: CONSIDERING: (a) To follow and report on Members' activities (1) The present impetus of scientific research on envi­ concerning the smoke and haze phenomena ronmental issues, prevalent in the Region; (2) The wide interest of Members in the monitoring of (b) To survey and report on Members' efforts in variables of atmospheric composition and related establishing new GAW stations; physical characteristics, (c) To encourage coordination of agencies' mon­ (3) That the tenth session of the Association had itoring programmes and to encourage appOinted a Rapporteur on Environmental Matters, cooperation between agencies and NMSs in RESOLUTIONS 10, 11 53

monitoring atmospheric composition and (2) To invite Mr H. Haryanto (Indonesia) to serve as related physical characteristics; Rapporteur on the Global Atmosphere Watch; (d) To advise on matters relating to the monitor­ ing of atmospheric composition and related (3) To request that the rapporteur submit to the presi­ physical characteristics; dent of the Association an interim report by the (e) To assist Members in the exchange of infor­ end of 1999 and a final report six months before mation and experience; the thirteenth session of the Association.

RESOLUTION 10 (XII-RA V) RAPPORTEUR ON ATMOSPHERIC OZONE

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (b) To advise on the conduct of comparisons and calibrations betweeen both the Dobson and NOTING: Brewer spectrophotometers in Region V and (1) Resolution 13 (Cg-XI) - Atmospheric Research and in other Regions; Environment Programme, (c) To advise on the establishment of new ozone (2) The approved outline by the forty-first session of sonde stations in the Region and on matters the Executive Council of the objectives, compo­ relating to the monitoring of stratospheric nents, partial listing of variables to be measured ozone by meteorological satellites and the and the summary of an appropriate role for WMO monitoring of surface ozone; in the creation of GAW, (d) To assist Members in the exchange of infor­ CONSIDERING: mation and experience; (1) The present impetus of scientific research on (e) To assist in carrying out cooperative research enviromental issues, in particular, on matters con­ projects on ozone within Region V; cerning the depletion of the ozone layer, (n To maintain liaison with the Dobson and (2) The wide interest in the monitoring of variables of Brewer Central Laboratories; atmospheric composition and related physical (2) To invite Mr A. Downey (Australia) to serve as the characteristics, including ozone and related trace Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone; gases, that Members participating in existing net­ (3) To request the rapporteur to submit to the president works already have, of the Association an interim report by the end of DECIDES: 1999 and a final report six months before the thir­ (1) To appoint a Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone teenth session of the Association. with the following terms of reference: (a) To survey and report on Members' efforts in NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 7 (XI-RA V), which is no establishing ozone stations; longer in force.

RESOLUTION 11 (XII-RA V) RAPPORTEUR ON AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (2) The impact of ENSO on agriculture and forestry, NOTING: RECOGNIZING FURTHER the need for regional early warn­ (1) Resolution 13 (Cg-XII) - Agricultural Meterology ing systems and the potential for use of remote sensing Programme, applications for this purpose, (2) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions and Recom­ mendations of the Eleventh Session of the Commission DECIDES: for Agricultural Meteorology (WMO-No. 825), (1) To appoint a Rapporteur on Agricultural (3) Resolution 8 (XI-RA V) - Working Group on Meteorology with the following terms of reference: Agricultural Meteorology, (a) To review literature and summarize informa­ RECOGNIZING: tion on the impact of ENSO on the (1) The importance of agriculture to the economic development of agriculture, forestry and on development of Members in the Region, fisheries in the Region; S4 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

(b) To review the conservational aspects of envi­ (2) To designate Mr Sutrisno (Indonesia) as the RA V ronmental resources and forests, i.e. climate, Rapporteur on Agricultural Meteorology; water and soils, and forest management methods that describe quantitatively the pol­ (3) To invite the Rapporteur to submit annual progress lution of water and air resources and land reports and a final report to the president of the management techniques; Association six months before the thirteenth ses­ (c) 10 summarize the recent developments in sion of the Association. the use of remote sensing· as a tool for the detection of droughts, forest fires, etc. and the potential for using the next generation of NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 8 (XI-RA V), which is no meteorological satellites; longer in force.

RESOLUTION 12 (XII-RA V) RAPPORTEUR ON REGIONAL MARINE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (b) To take action on marine meteorological NOTING the report of the Rapporteur on Regional Marine matters assigned by the president of RA V; Meteorological Services, (c) To liaise with the CMM Working Group on CONSIDERING: Education, Training and Implementation (1) The need for continued development of marine Support on specific matters concerning meteorological services in Region V, Region V; (2) The need to continue close liaison with the CMM (2) To invite Mr 1. T. Kuay (Singapore) to serve as the Working Group on Education, Training and Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological Implementation· Support with regard to matters Services; affecting the Region, (3) To request the rapporteur to submit annual reports, DECIDES: as appropriate, to the president of the Association (1) To appoint a Rapporteur on Regional Marine with a final report to be presented six months Meteorological Services with the following terms of . before the thirteenth session of the Association; . reference: REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist the rapporteur (a) To review continuously the status of the in his work, as appropriate. implementation of marine meteorological services and marine observing systems in Region V and to formulate suggestions for NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 9 (Xi-RA V), which is no their further development; longer in force.

RESOLUTION 13 (XII-RA V) INVOLVEMENT IN OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), RECOGNIZING: NOTING: (1) That many Members of the Association are actively (1) Resolution 16 eGg-XII) - WMO's involvement in I involved in the deployment and maintenance of a operational oceanography: variety of ocean observation facilities, for both (2) Resolution 2 (EC-XLVIII) - Report of the seventh· operational and research purposes, session of the Joint IOC/WMO Committee for the (2) That many Members of the Association are also Integrated Global Ocean Services System (IGOSS), increasingly being required to provide coordinated (3) Resolution 11 (XI-RA V) - Participation in the meteorological and oceanographic services for a Joint IOC/WMO Integrated Global Ocean Services large variety of marine user groups, System (IGOSS), (3) That the GTS will continue to beessentiai for the CONSIDERING that oceanographic observations not only operational collection and exchange of many types make a significant contribution to operational meteorol­ of ocean data, ogy and the provision of marine services, but are also RECOGNIZING FURTHER that a substantial increase in the essential to global climate studies generally, amount of ocean data available operationally is needed RESOLUTION 14 55 to satisfy the requirements of operational meteorology, oceanographic data management capabilities and oceanographic services and research and global climate oceanographic services; studies for such data, (5) To enhance two-way ship-shore telecommunication URGES Members: arrangements for oceanographic data and products, (1) To continue and, where possible, expand their in particular through the greater use of satellite­ existing operational ocean observing system facili­ based telecommunications facilities such as the ties and activities, as contributions to the WWW, INMARSAT system; IGOSS and GOOS; (2) To participate actively in the planning and imple­ REQUESTS the Secretary-General to take any action con­ mentation of these systems; sidered necessary, and within the available budgetary (3) To coordinate with appropriate national oceano­ resources, to assist Members to participate in the devel­ graphic agencies and institutions to ensure the opment and maintenance of IGOSS and GOOS. long-term operational maintenance of oceano­ graphic observing systems; (4) To coordinate with appropriate national oceano­ NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 11 (XI-RA V), which is graphic agencies and institutions in developing no longer in force.

RESOLUTION 14 (XII-RA V) WORKING GROUP ON HYDROLOGY

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), including the exchange and supply of NOTING: hydrological data and information; (1) The report of its Working Group on Hydrology, (g) To survey the applications of HOMS in the (2) Resolution 18 (Cg-XII) - Hydrology and Water Region and the opportunities for enhancing Resources Programme, its utility; (3) Resolution 20 (Cg-XII) - World Hydrological Cycle (h) To consider and report on the appropriate Observing System (WHYCOS), education and training needs in accordance (4) Resolution 21 (Cg-XII) - Global Runoff Data with the guidelines endorsed by the forty­ Centre (GRDC), eighth session of the Executive Council; CONSIDERING that Regional Association V should contin­ (2) To invite all Members of the Region to deSignate ue to play an important and active role in the national hydrological experts to serve on the work­ implementation of WMO's regional activities in the field ing group and to attend its sessions. The following of hydrology and water resources, experts were nominated during the twelfth session: DECIDES: Mr R. james (Australia); (1) To re-establish the Working Group on Hydrology ... (Cook Islands); with the following terms of reference: Mr T. Y. Piu (Singapore); (a) To cooperate with CHy, other WMO bodies Mr A. Md. jafri (Malaysia); and other international organizations on ... (United States); projects related to hydrology and water Mr S. Temakon (Vanuatu); resources; Mr C. Person (New Zealand); (b) To provide assistance and advice to the pres­ Mr j. Loebis (Indonesia); ident of the Association on all questions (3) To deSignate, in accordance with General pertaining to regional aspects of the HWRP; Regulations 167(b) and 32, respectively, Mr R. Raj (c) To monitor, compile and report on research (Fiji) as the Regional Hydrological Adviser and chair­ results on the hydrological effects of ENSO in man of the Working Group on Hydrology (WGH); the Region and on their applications to water REQUESTS the Regional Hydrological Adviser and chair­ management; man of the Working Group on Hydrology: (d) To address the needs of small island States in (1) In his capacity as adviser, to assist the president of the areas of operational hydrology and water RA V according to the duties stipulated in WMO resources management; General Regulation 167(b); (e) To monitor, compile and report on research (2) As chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology, results on the hydrological effects of climate to prepare an implementation plan and according­ variability and change in the Region and ly deSignate, in consultation with the president of their implications for water management; the Association, rapporteurs from the working (f) To prepare proposals for the development of group to undertake work in the areas specified in WHY COS components in the Region, DECIDIlS l(c) above; S6 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

(3) In both capacities, as chairman and Regional REQUESTS the Secretary-General to publish selected tech­ Hydrological Adviser, to submit to the president of nical reports prepared by the working group in the the Association a final report not less than six technical documents series and to distribute them to all . months before the thirteenth session of the concerned. ASSOciation; URGES the Members concerned to provide full support to the rapporteurs from their countries in order to ensure NOTE: This resolution replaces Resolution 12 (XI-RA V), which is that they are able to fulfil the tasks assigned to them; no longer in force.

RESOLUTION 15 (XII-RA V) RAPPORTEUR ON LONG.. TERM PLANNING

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), this area and with the following terms of NOTING.: reference: (1) Resolution 29 (Cg-XII) - Fourth WMO Long-term (a) To serve as a regional focal point on long­ Plan, . term planning; (2) Resolution 30 (Cg-XII) - Preparation of the Fifth (b) To keep under review the status of imple­ WMO Long-term Plan for 2000-2009, mentation, as well as the monitoring and (3) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Twelfth evaluation of the WMO Long-term Plans rel­ World Meteorological Congress (WMO-No.827), general evant to the activities of the Association; . summary paragraphs 7.0.1 to 7.3.9, . (e) To review matters relating to the preparation (4) The Abridged Final Report with Resolutions of the Forty­ of the WMO Long-term PIan; eighth Session of the Executive Council (WMO-No. 846), (d) To review the WMO planning process; general summary paragraphs 12.1 to 12.4, (e) To undertake the above tasks, taking into CONSIDERING: account the situation, interests, capabilities, (1) That the long~terni planning process is an iterative needs, and aspiratiOns of RA V Members; and interactive process, if) To submit relevant proposals to the president (2) That the Association should participate fully in the of the Association; monitoring and evaluation, as well as in the prepa­ (g) To undertake pertinent activities that may be ration of Long~term Plans, assigned by the president of the Association; (3) That the participation of the Association in the (2) To invite Mr M. H; Aji (Brunei Darussalam) to serve WMO planning process will be facilitated by desig- as Rapporteur on Long-term Planning; nating a regional focal point, . REQUESTS the rapporteur to submit yearly irtterhn DECIDES: reports and a final report to the president of the (1) To appoint a Rapporteur on Long-term Planning, Association not later than six months before the thir­ who will assist the president of the Association in teenth session of the Association.

RESOLUTION 16 (XII-RA V) REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION

REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), (3) That some of the previous resolutions are still to be NOTING the Abridged Report with Resolutions of the Ninth implemented, Session of the Executive Council (WMO-No. 67.RC.14), general summary paragraph 3.7.1, CONSIDERING: DECIDES: . (1) That a number of its resolutions adopted before its (1) To keep in force Resolutions 5, 10 and 20 (X-RA V) twelfth session have been revised and incorporated and 10 (XI-RA V); in resolutions of the twelfth seSSion) (2) Not to keep in force the other resolutions adopted (2) That others of its previous resolutions have been before its twelfth session; incorporated in appropriate WMO publications or (3) To publish the text of the resolutions kept in force have become obsolete, in the annex to this resolution. RESOLUTION 16 57

ANNEX TO RESOLUTION 16 (XII-RA V) RESOLUTIONS OF RA V ADOPTED PRIOR TO ITS TWELFTH SESSION AND MAINTAINED IN FORCE

Resolution S (X-RA V) cooperation and action by WMO for the FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL mitigation of the harmful effects of storms, in OBSERVING SYSTEM particular in connection with the International REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR), NOTING: (2) Resolution S {Cg-X) - Tropical Cyclone (1) Resolution 2S (Cg-X) - Second WMO Long-term Programme, Plan, by which the WWW Programme, including (3) With appreciation the final report of the second the WWW Implementation Programme for RA V, session of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee was adopted, for the South Pacific, (2) The progress being made in the implementation of (4) Resolution 11 (X-RA V) -Tropical Cyclone the ASDAR, ASAP and drifting buoy programmes, Committee for the South Pacific and South-East CONSIDERING: Indian Ocean, (1) That large parts of the Region are data-sparse CONSIDERING: areas, (1) The need to enhance cooperative efforts by coun­ (2) The importance of an effective Regional Basic tries in the South Pacific and adjacent areas Synoptic Network and the essential need to inte­ affected by tropical cyclones in effectively carry­ grate the RBSN with the overall GOS, ing out their roles in coordinated arrangements (3) The need to have comprehensive and realistic for preparing and issuing meteorological forecasts information on the value of new observing sys­ and warnings of all tropical cyclones affecting the tems, their costs and their interfaces with other area, parts of the regional programme, (2) That, to achieve this aim, it is essential to have an INVITES Members to participate in the deployment and agreed tropical cyclone operational plan for the use of new observing systems and, individually or col­ South Pacific and the South-East Indian Ocean lectively, to evaluate the effectiveness of these systems which describes the coordinated arrangements and their integration in the WWWi and defines the observing, forecasting and warn­ ENCOURAGES Members to seek VCP assistance for the ing responsibilities of all cooperating countries, installation of satellite-data ground receiving stations, DECIDES to adopt the Tropical Cycone Operational weather radar and new observing system such as Plan for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean ASDAR, ASAP and buoYSi published in Tropical Cyclone Programme Report No. URGES Members to: TCP-24 (WMO/TD-No. 292) - Tropical Cyclone (1) Provide additional surface observations in ocean Operational Plan for the South Pacific and South-East areas using the Voluntary Observing Ships Indian Ocean, scheme, buoys and suitable fixed platformsi AUTHORIZES the president of RA V to approve, on (2) Consider the possibility of deploying ASAP sys­ behalf of the Association, amendments to this Tropical tems on ships and ASDARs or other automated Cyclone Operational Plan, as recommended by the data-collection systems on aircraft flying suitable RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee for the South routes over the oceani Pacifici (3) Examine the communication facilities and data REQUESTS the Secretary-General to inform all Members quality-control procedures to ensure that the data and islands States and Territories concerned of any are of high quality and are received at the data­ amendments to, and updating of, the Operational Plan. processing centres in a timely fashioni REQUESTS the Rapporteur on the Regional Aspects of Resolution 20 (X-RA V) the Global Observing System to keep abreast of devel­ THE WMO VOLUNTARY COOPERATION opments in the implementation of this resolution by PROGRAMME Members and to report to the next session of the REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), Association. NOTING: (1) Resolution 21 (Cg-X) - The WMO Voluntary Resolution 10 (X-RA V) Cooperation Programme, TROPICAL CYCLONE OPERATIONAL PLAN FOR (2) That urgent and essential support has to be pro­ THE SOUTH PACIFIC AND SOUTH-EAST INDIAN vided for the implementation of the World OCEAN Weather Watch to Member and non-Member REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), island States in the Region, NOTING: CONSIDERING the importance of maintaining the basic (1) A series of resolutions by the General Assembly of synoptic network in the Region for the benefit of all the United Nations calling for international WMO Programmes, 58 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

RECOMMENDS that support directed to the Region under (2) The considerable improvements to be expected in the WMO Voluntary Cooperation Programme should be the receipt of marine meteorological and oceano­ enhanced immediatelYj graphiC observations from ships at sea through the URGES Members of the Association take a more active enhanced use of the INMARSAT system, role in the VCP and to contribute to the maximum (3) The cost-savings which will accrue to those extent possible funds, equipment and services, includ­ Members collecting such reports through ing fellowshipsj INMARSAT by the increased use of the new REQUESTS theSecretarY7General of WMO to make an . INMARSAT-C facility for this purpose, urgent appeal to potential donors (including donors out~ RECOGNIZING WITH APPRECIATION that certain Members side the Region such as Japan) to provide support operating INMARSAT CES' have already arranged specifically for the Region, ,under the VCP or otherwise. through their CES to accept ships' meteorological and oceanographic reports that are of general value to all Resolution 10 (XI-RA V) Members of WMO, USE. OF INMARSAT FOR THE COLLECTION OF BEING CONCERNED, however,that problems continue to. SHIPS' METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPIDC be related to the timely redistribution to the countries REPORTS closest to their geographical origin of reports collected REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC), through INMARSAT, . NOTING: URGES: (1) J{esohltion 19 (Cg-XI) - The collection and dissem- (1) Members concerned to make every effort to ensure ination of marine meteorological and the timely redistribution of reports collected oceanographic information using INMARSAT, . through INMARSAT to countries in the areas of the (2) The operation of Coast Earth Stations (CES) of geographical origins' of those reportsj , INMARSAT in Region V, (2) All Members in the Region operatingVOS eqUipped (3) The equipping of an increased number of ships with INMARSAT-C to make every effort for these participating in the WMO Voluntary Observing ships to be supplied with the new software package Ships (VOS) scheme with Ship Earth Stations (SES) for the compilation and transmission of nieteoro­ of INMARSAT, in particular with theINMARSAT-C logical reports through INMARSAT-C, to ensure the facility, maximum efficiency and cost.effectiveness of such CONSIDERING! an operationj (1) The need to increase the number of ships' meteoro­ logical and oceanographic reports from most of the REQUESTS the Secretary-General to assist Members in the sea areas. of Region V, implementation of this resolution. ANNEXES

ANNEX I Annex to paragraph 4.3.14 of the general summary

REGIONAL METEOROLOGICAL TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK FOR REGION V (SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC) Plan for point-to-point circuits implementation (transmission speed in Kbit/s) and multipoint telecommunication systems

.. "' .. Ii ...... t-

... '" OIl Regional circuit

Interregional circuit 60 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

ANNEX II Annex to paragraph 4.8.4 of the general summary

CYCLONE WARNING AREAS

800 E 900 E 1000E 1l00E 1200E 1300 E 1400E 1500E 1600E 1700E 180°

900 E 1000E 1100E 1200E 1300 E 1400E 1500 E 1600E 1700E 180°

ANNEX III Annex to paragraph 4.8.4 of the general summary

INTERIM CYCLONE WARNING AREAS

800 E 900 E 1000E 1l00E 1200E 1300 E 1400E 1500E 1600E 1700E 180° oEQmgBl

20°5

500 S

1500E 1600E 1700E 180° APPENDIX A LIST OF PERSONS ATTENDING THE SESSION

1. OFFICERS OF TIlE SESSION 3. INVITED EXPERTS S. Karjoto President (14-17.1X.1998) R. R. Brook J. Lumsden Vice-president Acting president (18-2 UX.1998) S. Ready

2. REPRESENTATIVES OF WMO MEMBERS 4. LECTURERS

Member Name Capacity R. S. Diharto W. S. Lai Australia J. W. Zillman Principal delegate J. W. Zillman V. K. Tsui Alternate R. R. Brook Delegate R. Falls Delegate 5. REPRESENTATIVES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Brunei H. S. H. Sirabaha Principal delegate Organization Name Darussalam A. L. H. Abdullah Delegate

Cook Islands A. Ngari Principal delegate United Nations Educational, Scientific M. T. Overmars and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Fiji R. Prasad Principal delegate South Pacific Regional Environment P. Lefale Programme (SPREP) French Polynesia J.Pilon Principal delegate 6. WMO SECRETARIAT Indonesia S. Karjoto Principal delegate R. S. Diharto Alternate Part time J. Loebia Delegate G. O. P. Obasi Secretary-General D. Mudijarso Delegate S. Koesnohadi Delegate M. J. Coughlan Director, World Climate Programme P. A. Winarso Delegate Department H. Haryanto Delegate H. M. Diallo Acting Director, Technical T. Mulyono Delegate Cooperation Programme Department S. Hadijanto Delegate J. L. Bassier Chief, Hydrology Division B. Purwanto Delegate K. Abe Chief, Tropical Cyclone Programme S. Shirley (Ms) Delegate Division, World Weather Watch Department Malaysia M. Z. Abu Bakar Principal delegate H. Kootval (Ms) Chief, Public Weather and L. J. Tick Alternate Operational Information Unit, World O. S. Hai Delegate Weather Watch Department New Caledonia C. Gaillard Principal delegate Full time New Zealand J. R. Lumsden Principal delegate M. Jarraud Deputy Secretary-General (Secretary- N. Gordon Alternate General's representative) E. H. AI-Majed Director, Regional Office for Asia and Philippines R. S. Diharto Principal delegate the South-West Pacific R. C. Landis Director, World Weather Watch Singapore W. S. Lai Prinicipal delegate Department S. C. Siong Delegate M. E. Hassan Chief, Fellowship DiviSion, Education and Training Department United Kingdom D. Shaw Principal delegate of Great Britain ]. Sun Programme Manager, Regional Office and Northern for Asia and the South-West Pacific Ireland E. Dar-Ziv (Ms) Chief, Conference Unit, Languages, Publications and Conferences United States R. Hagemeyer Principal delegate Department of America E. H. Young, Jr. Alternate ].-G. Park Junior Professional Officer, Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Vanuatu H. K. Taiki Principal delegate Pacific APPENDIX.B .AGENDA

Agenda item Doruments ResolutionS adopted

1. OPENING OF THE SESSION . PINK 1

ORGANIZATION OF THE SESSION PINK 2 2.1 Consideration of the report on ctedentials 2.2 Adoption of the agenda 1; 2 2.3 Establishment of committees 2.4 Other organizational matters -

3. REpORT BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION 22i PINK 3

4.. WORLD WEATHER WATCH (WWW) PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 4.1 - World Weather Watch (WWW)planning-anct implementation, lSi IS, ADD. Ii­ 1 including the report of the chairman of the Working Group PINK 18 of the World Weather Watch (WWW) in Region V 4.2 Observing system, including the Instruments and lSi IS, ADD. Ii 2; 3,4 Methods of Observation Programme (IMOP) PINK 18 43 Telecommunication system lSi IS, ADD. Ii PINK 18 5 4.4 Data-processing system lSi IS, ADD. 1; PINK 18 4.5 Data management, including matters related to codes lSi IS, ADD. Ii PINK 18 4.6 World Weather Watch (WWW) system support activities and 15; IS, ADD. Ii PINK 18 Operational Information Service (OIS) 4.7 WMO satellite activities - lSi IS, ADD. Ii PINK 23 4.8 Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) 24i 24, ADD. Ii 27i 6 - PINK 23

5. WORtD CLIMATE PROGRAMME (WCP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS 5.1 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) 12i PINK 25 5.2 -World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP) 12i PINK 25 including Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS) 5.3 World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies 12i PINK 25 Programme (WCIRP) SA World Climate Programme- (WCP) coordination and support 12i PINK 25 7,8 activities

5.5 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) 7i PINK 25 5.6 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) 23i PINK 25

6. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME 19i PINK 10 (AREP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS 6.1 Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) 9,10 6.2 Weather Prediction Research Programme APPENDIX B 63

Agenda item Documents Resolutions adopted

6.3 Tropical Meteorology Research Programme 6.4 Programme on Physics and Chemistry of Clouds and Weather Modification Research

7. ApPLICATIONS OF METEOROLOGY PROGRAMME (AMP) - REGIONAL ASPECTS 7.1 Public Weather Services (PWS) Programme 16; PINK 4 7.2 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 13; 14; PINK 13 11 7.3 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme 11; PINK 5 7.4 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 10; 25; PINK 17 12,13 Programme

8. HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES PROGRAMME (HWRP) - 9; 21; PINK 14 14 REGIONAL ASPECTS

9. EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME (ETRP) - REGIONAL 6; PINK 6 ASPECTS

10. TECHNICAL COOPERATION (TCO) PROGRAMME - REGIONAL ASPECTS 3; PINK 16

11. INFORMATION AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS (IPA) PROGRAMME- 20; PINK 7 REGIONAL ASPECTS

12. LONG-TERM PLANNING - REGIONAL ASPECTS 28; PINK 22 15

13. OTHER REGIONAL ACTIVITIES 13.1 Follow-up activities related to the United Nations Conference 8; PINK 15 on Environment and Development (UNCED) 13.2 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 4; PINK 12 13.3 International data exchange 29; PINK 9 13.4 Role and operation of national Meteorological and Hydrological 26; PINK 19 Services (NMHSs) 13.5 Second Technical Conference on the Management of 17; PINK 11 Meteorological and Hydrological Services in Regional Association V (South-West Pacific)

14. WMO REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE SOUTH-WEST PACIFIC 18; PINK 24

15. SCIENTIFIC LECTURES AND DISCUSSIONS PINK 21

16. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE 5; PINK 26 16 ASSOCIATION AND OF RELEVANT EXECUTIVE COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS

17. ELECTION OF OFFICERS PINK 8; PINK 20

18. DATE AND PLACE OF THE THIRTEENTH SESSION PINK 27

19. CLOSURE OF THE SESSION PINK 28 APPENDIX C LIST OF DOCUMENTS

DoG. Agenda Title .Submitted by No. item

I. "DOC" series

1 Provisional agenda 2.2

.'. ~ 2 Explanatory memorandum relating to the provisional agenda 2.2

3 Technical Cooperation (TCO) Programme - regional aspes:ts. 10 , '.Secretary-General

4 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) 13.2 Secretary-General

5 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations oUhe 16 Secretary~GeIleral Association and of relevant Executive Council resolutions

6 Education and Training Programme (ETRP) - regional aspects 9 Secretary-General

7 World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) 5.5 Secretary-General

Follow-up activities related to the United Nations Conference' . 13.1 Secretary-General on Environment and Development (UNCED)

9 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP) - regional aspects 8 Chairm;,tn, working group Report of the chairman of the Working Group on Hydrology

10 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 7.4 Secretary~General Programme

11 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme 7.3 Secretary-General

12 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) 5.1 to 5.4 Secretary~General

World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP) includihg Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS)

. World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programme (WCIRP)

World Climate Programme (WCP) coordination and support activities

13 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Secretary-Generai

1:4 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Secretary-General

15 World Weather Watch (WWW) Programme - regional aspects 4.1 to 4.7 Secretary-General

ADD. 1

16 Public Weather Services (PWS) Programme 7.1 Secretary-General APPENDIX C 65

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

17 Second Technical Conference on the Management of Meteorological 13.5 Secretary-General and Hydrological Services in Regional Association V (South-West Pacific)

18 WMO Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific 14 Secretary-General

19 Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme (AREP) - 6 Secretary-General regional aspects

20 Information and Public Affairs (IPA) Programme - regional aspects 11 Secretary-General

21 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP) - regional aspects 8 Secretary-General

22 Report by the president of the Association 3 President of RA V

23 Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) 5.6 Secretary-General

24 Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) 4.8 Secretary-General

Report of the chairman of the RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee Chairman, RA V for the South Pacific and South-East Indian Ocean Tropical Cyclone Committee ADD. 1

25 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 7.4 Rapporteur Programme

Report of the Rapporteur on Regional Marine Meteorological Services in RA V

26 Role and operation of national Meteorological and Hydrological 13.4 Secretary-General Services (NMHSs)

27 Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) 4.8 Australia and Indonesia

28 Long-term planning - regional aspects 12 Secretary-General

29 International data exchange 13.3 Secretary-General

30 Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) 6.1 Rapporteur on Atmospheric Ozone

II. "PINK" series

1 Opening of the session 1 President of RA V

2 Organization of the session 2 President of RA V

3 Report by the president of the Association 3 President of RA V

4 Public Weather Services (PWS) Programme 7.1 Co-chairman, Committee A

5 Aeronautical Meteorology Programme 7.3 Co-chairman, Committee A 66 ABRIDGED FINAL REPORT OF THE TWELFTH SESSION OF REGIONAL ASSOCIATION V

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

6 Education and Training Programme (ETRP) - regional aspects 9 Chairman, Committee B

7 Information and Public Affairs (IPA) Programme - regional aspects 11 Co-chairman, Committee B

8 Election of officers 17 Chairman, Nomination Committee

9 International data exchange 13.3 Chairman, Committee of the Whole

10 Atmospheric Research and Environment Programme (AREP) - 6 Co-chairman, regional aspects Committee A

11 Second Technical Conference on the Management of Meteorological 13.5 President of RA V and Hydrological Services in Regional Association V (South-West Pacific)

12 International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (lDNDR) 13.2 Chairman, Committee . of the Whole

13 Agricultural Meteorology Programme 7.2 Co-chairman, Committee B

14 Hydrology and Water Resources Programme (HWRP) - regional aspects 8 Co-chairman, Committee B

15 Follow-up activities related to the United Nations Conference on 13.1 Vice-president of RA V Environment and Development (UNCED)

16 Technical Cooperation (TCO) Programme - regional aspects 10 Co-chairman, Committee B

17 Marine Meteorology and Associated Oceanographic Activities 7.4 Co-chairman, Programme Committee A

18 World Weather Watch (WWW) Programme - regional aspects 4.1 to 4.6 Co-chairman, Committee A

19 Role and operation of national Meteorological and Hydrological 13.4 Vice-president of RA V Services (NMHSs)

20 Election of officers 17 President of RA V

21 Scientific lectures and discussions 15 President of RA V

22 Long-term planning - regional aspects 12 Vice-president of RA V

23 WMO satellite activities and Tropical Cyclone Programme (TCP) 4.7 and Co-chairman, 4.8 Committee A

24 WMO Regional Office for Asia and the South-West Pacific 14 President of RA V APPENDIX C 67

Doc. Agenda Title Submitted by No. item

25 World Climate Data and Monitoring Programme (WCDMP) 5.1 to 5.6 Co-chairman, Committee B World Climate Applications and Services Programme (WCASP); including Climate Information and Prediction Services (CLIPS)

World Climate Impact Assessment and Response Strategies Programme (WCIRP)

World Climate Programme (WCP) coordination and support activities

World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)

Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)

26 Review of previous resolutions and recommendations of the 16 Rapporteur Association and of relevant Executive Council resolutions

27 Date and place of the thirteenth session 18 President of RA V

28 Closure of the session 19 President of RA V