Number Four 1\N Call The newsletter of the STATE-WIDE ANTI-APARTHEID NETWORKS of Washington, Idaho, Montana, and Colorado

" ... you are no t dead

because we have assumed

your responsibilities

and they live 1.,n us ...

The blood you shed

1.,S bu t a sma II drop

1.,n the flood we have

already given and still

have to give."

-from a poem by to his wife Josina Machel, after her death in 1971 Machel's Death Hits

[AN] When Mozambican President Samora contracts expire. The Mozambican news agency Machel and other key members of his govern­ AI M reports that 61,500 Mozambicans were em­ ment died in an Oct. 19 plane crash over South ployed in 51 South African mines as of July 31. Africa, Mozambique's troubles had already Their remittances of about $90 million annually reached alarming proportions. With his leader­ make up one third of Mozambique's foreign ex­ shi p lost, the country faces an even more uncertain change income. future. - also retaliated, according to Mo­ The crash occurred about three miles from the zambique's charges, by massing troops along the town of Namaacha, just inside South African ter­ border. Pretoria dismissed that accusation as ritory near the border with both Mozambique and "nonsense." Swaziland. According to a list released last week - Many of the recent RENAMO attacks have by the Mozambican government (see box), ap­ been concentrated in the northwestern region of proximately 35 people were killed and 10 survived. the country, near the Malawian border. Machel, Among the casualties were one Cabinet minister Kaunda, and Prime Minister Robert and several key presidential aides.Aninternational Mugabe travelled last month to Malawi to warn inquiry into the cause of the crash has begun. Malawi's aging president, Kamuzu Hastings When he died, Machel was returning from a Banda that he faced severe reprisals from his meeting with other African presidents in . neighbors if he did not curb the use of his nation's It was one of a series of emergency sessions, territory by RENAMO. Malawi responded by beginning with a frontline state summit in Angola promising to expel the rebels and by handing back in August, called in response to the rapidly dete­ a reported 1500 Mozambican soldiers who had riorating security situation in the region. fled into Malawi during heavy fighting. Mozambique, hardest hit of all, has been suffer­ The meeting Machel attended in Zambia just ing from a number of severe problems: before his death had a similar purpose. The Mo­ - The South African-supported insurgents, the zambican leader, along with his Zambian and Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO), Angolan counterparts, Kenneth Kaunda and Jose have crippled most of the country's communica­ Eduardo dos Santos, had summoned President tions and transport facilities, destroying much of Mobutu Sese Seko from Zaire to discuss plans for the economic and productive capacity. As a result, reducing their nations' dependence on South Af­ a third of the country's popUlation of 12 million is rican transport routes. The key to resisting South currently at risk from drought and famine and Africa's attempts to transfer to them the cost of most of the key rail lines are not able to reliabh international anti-apartheid sanctions, the leaders handle the movement of crucial goods either int~ reportedly told Mobutu, is the strengthening of the interior of the country or to-and-from neigh­ the available transport outlets that provide an al­ boring states. ternative to South African ports for landlocked The Mozambicans estimate that attacks by the Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Zaire. rebels and South Africa have cost the country $4 However, these outlets running through Angola billion, twice the national debt and far greater to the west and Mozambique to the east have than annual government revenues of$500 million been made virtually unusable by South African­ a year. supported insurgents- UNITA and the Mozam­ -Amid increasing bilateral tensions, South Africa bique National Resistance (RENAMO). responded to a land mine explosion on the Mo­ Mobutu was reportedly warned to end his zambican border three weeks ago with a crack­ government's cooperation with UN ITA, which in down on Mozambican miners employed in South recent months has been receiving covert U.S. Africa. Pretoria banned recruitment of additional assistance in addition to continuing South African miners and announced that currently-employed support. And he was urged to join with the front­ migrant laborers will be sent home when their line states in seeking to reduce their vulnerabilit\' to South Africa. Ii 2 Reprinted by permission from "AFRICA NEWS" MACHEL'S STRUGGLE FOR AN CHISSANO ELECTED PRESIDENT INDEPENDENT MOZAMBIQUE The elections of Joaquim Chissano as the Samora Moises Mochel was born September 29, new FRELIMO head came as no surprise. He 1933, the third son of a peasant farmer in the had long been viewed as the man most likely to Chokwe District of Goza Province in occupied succeed President Mochel. Apparently, there Mozambique. His home district was one was no other candidate, and the selection was designated for reserved labor in the South by acclamation. African mines, where his father worked and his older brother was to die. In the 1940s forced Chissano has been a member of the cotton cultivation was introduced and necessary FRELIMO central committee since 1963. He food production was reduced, causing was secretary to Mondlane until the latter was widespread hunger; then forced labor to build murdered in 1969. From .1965 he was also irrigation systems, in preparation for reponsible for the FRELllvlO security Portuguese settlers; and finally these schemes department, and in 1969 he became a member led to dispossession of the land, and forced of what was then the movement's most powerful removal of the Africans. body, the politico-military committee. After completing grade four at age 17, young Samora Mochel applied to the official President Mochel appointed Chissano state system and was turned down. He trained prime minister in the transitional government instead to be a nurse. F rom the money he that ran Mozambique under an agreement with earned, he continued his studies but was never Portugal from September 1974 until full able to advance very for within the formal independence in June 1975. system. He was self-taught in the fire of the national liberation struggle. Chissano became foreign minister in the The Portuguese colonialists, having first Mozambican Cabinet in July 1975, and has silenced the original armed resistance of the held that post since. As the country's top Mozambican people in the mid-I 890s, were diplomat, he has met frequently with Western never able to silence the old battle-scarred leaders, leading to speculation in the U.S. that veterans. Their stories kept alive the spirit of he is "pro-western." To such remarks, the resistance to foreign occupation. This spirit FRELIMO leadership retorts that it is neither was to be rekindled when the young boys and "pro-western" nor "pro-soviet," but pro­ girls who heard them grew to be men and Mozambican. women. The boy Samora Mochel was to grow into WA YS WE CAN GET INVOLVED: the man who would train the guerrilla army of the Front for the Liberation of Mozambique for the decade of war which would defeat the Portuguese army in the field. * Write your congressperson -­ In 1960 a free and independent Renamo is a contra group of Mozambique seemed an impossible dream. However, in many young men and women in rebels that do not deserve U.S. Mozambique the storm had already begun to support. The U.S. should deal gather, and in ten short years the world would directly with the govenment of hear their thunder. tvlozambique. These young men and women, first under the leadership of , then Samora Mochel, were to build an organization -­ * Support the material aids FRELlMO, the Front for the Liberation of campaigns for Mozambique. Mozambique - and develop a view that allowed Currently an appeal is being made them to distinguish between their friend and their enemy. for: clothes, fabric, seeds, books, On Sept. I I, 1974, a ceasefire was monetary contributions. called, and independence was affirmed on June 25, 1975. Samora Mochel became the first Subscribe to Mozambican Notes president of the independent Peoples Republic * of Mozambique. c/o Mozambique Resource Center P.O. Box 2006, New York, NY 3 10159 SHAM DIVESTMENT: A NEW PHASE IN RESISTANCE TO ECONOMIC DISENGAGEMENT

On 19 November, we asked Tandi Gcabashe, national coordinator for the Coca-Cola divestment campaign, to address the confusion about the so­ called "divestment" of Coca-Cola and other corporations.

SWAAN: Are these companies really "out" In the 1960s, faced with the demand of South Africa? for withdrawal, the companies' response was flat denial and refusal. By 1970, the Gcabashe: Absolutely not. True disin­ pressure was taking its toll. This was vestment means four things: closing (not Phase Two, when the companies hired Leon just selling) plants; ceasing to make the Sullivan [then a GM board member] to product available--for example, supplying invent excuses for their presence in South no more syrup to make Coke; selling no Africa. When the Sullivan Principles were franchises; and withdrawing their exposed by the movement as irrelevant trademarks from use in South Africa. excuses, Phase Three began, marked by Coca-Cola has not satisfied any of justifications such as Coca-Cola's $10 these requirements. The other companies million "equal opportunity funds." look very much the same. Certainly, it's Constant pressure from the movement "business as usual" for IBM. brought each phase to an end. Phase Four is beginning now: the SWAAN: What exactly has the company done? companies claim to have pulled out, when they have not. This is a step forward: Gcabashe: Coca-Cola has sold its 30 the companies have admitted that percent holdings in the South African withdrawal is the appropriate response to amalgamated industry. Technically, they apartheid. We must keep up the pressure have "disinvested"--they no longer have and expose their lies, so that the next "ownership"--but it's a sham because most phase will entail real economic disengage­ likely they are providing the capital for ment. the new owners to buy from them. The goal of the call for sanctions (such as SWAAN: What is your new Coke strategy? divestment) is ending economic support for apartheid. This has not happened; there Gcabashe: We must make people understand has been no economic disengagement. that it has never been easy. The companies lie, and they always resist. We SWAAN: Is this a set-back for the have to push and push. movement? We have a two-part strategy. First, a serious educational campaign, to clear Gcabashe: No, it's a definite step up the confusion about what Coca-Cola has forward, for two reasons. First of all, done. New literature is being developed. this has made us sharpen our thinking Second, a fact-finding team will about the true meaning of disinvestment. meet with Coca-Cola officials to get more The companies have found a way to "divest" information. There is a shroud of secrecy without economic disengagement, and we over the whole matter. What has the have had to become much more specific in company done, and what does it intend to our demands. We are developing a new do? If they are divesting, then where are educational campaign that will share what they reinvesting the money? We don't kno~ we have learned by this experience. who this "multi-racial group" buyer is, or Second, this marks an important new why the deal is going to take 6-9 months. phase in the history of corporate This fact-finding team will attempt to get withdrawal from South Africa. answers. Then we will evaluate this information ~nd develop the next strategy.

4 SANCTIONS THE TIME FUR ST ATE OIVESTMENT IS NOW The time has come for our regional state· legislatures to pass comprehensive mandatory sanctions bills against the entrenched politics of apartheid. For most states this will mean passing divesment bills against investments by the pension boards or investment boards.

Senators and representatives in Washington, Idaho, Montana and Colorado need to reassert themselves in this battle and follow the lead of other states and the Congress.

WHAT WE WANT, WHY WE WANT IT: * Economic disen~agement from companies actively trading with the Republic of South Africa and the occupied country of Namibia. * Won't those we are trying to help be hurt most '1' sanctions and divestment? The fact is that * The goal of economic disengagement is to Backs in SOuth Africa have themselves called increase the price of apartheid, forcing the for economic sanctions as the one peaceful racist minority government to accede to the weapon we have left to fight apartheid. This universal call for: one person one vote, in a question also ignores the impact to be had upon unitary South Africa, with economic, civil, the affluent white and the impact white humanitarian and legal rights for all; an end to discontent will have politically. t~e warfare with the independent boarding nations. * Won't the frontline states be hurt by these sanctions? The independent countries bordering * Is South Africa too strong to be forced to SOuth Africa will be affected by international change? SOuth Africa's economy is driven by economic sanctions. These nations have it's export and import relations with other indicated repeatedly that this is a price they countries. Foreign investment is a cornerstone are willing to pay. The war with these nations of that economy as are sales and purchases by South Africa has cost up to $10 billion in involving other nations. The increased damages and defense, not to mention the cost termination of bank loans, restrictive sanctions, of human lives. Further, South Africa imposes disengagement of foreign and domestic its own sanctions on these countries to companies and restrictions on technology flow destabilize independent Southern Africa. will increase the pressure on that government. By themselves sanctions will not end apartheid, Our action to divest is supported by : but when coupled with a strong effort by the South Africans to change their system, the Winnie Mandela, African National Congress sanctions become a very powerful tool. Bishop Tutu, Archbishop, Anglican Church Elijah Barayi, Pres. Congo of S.A. Trade Unions Can one nation be effective? Already the Kenneth Kaunda, President, Zambia example of some countries has encouraged Rev. Jesse Jackson, Rainbow Coalition others to join the international cry against National Council of Churches apartheid. Recently the announcement of US Amer. Fed. of State, Muni., County and sanctions encouraged Japan to institute Federal Employees stronger measures. Barclay's Bank plans to leave South Africa brings a very large position We call on our elected officials in our state to close and may spur other British firms to capitols to introduce DIVESTMENT BILLS this rethink their South Afrcian holdings. session. DIVEST NOW 5 KODAK'S WITHDRAWAL S.W.A.A. N. NEEDS YOUR SUPPORT ! FROM SOUTH AFRICA With this, our fourth i ssue, SWAAN Call offieially erosses the Wa shington state border into Idaho, Montana , and Colorado At a time when American Friends Service to share ideas and exehange information Committee is promoting the concept of total with anti- apartheid aetivists throughout economic disengagement from South Africa, as the northwest region. This kind of growth opposed to partial disinvestment, Kodak has is no aeeident. Dedieated individuals, come along and provide a real model. from organizers and editors to artists and printers, have donated eountless IBM, for example, In announcing its hours to making state wide, and now re­ "withdrawal," restated its commitment to gion wide, networks a reality. SWAAN continuing sales inside South Africa. Reporters Call has earned rave reviews from New have implied that IBM and GM may even have York to Mozambique while strengthening sold to local management so that they could and supporting our regional movement. once again supply the South Africa regime, free Now, we need your support. of U.S. sanctions restrictions. Kodak, on the other hand, has announced simply and explicitly that, as of April 30, 1987, no Kodak unit Until now, the newsletter has been sent anywhere in the world will be permitted to to everyone on our mailing list, but supply products or services inside South Africa. the euurent finaneial situation forees us to ehange that poliey. If you would Henry Kaska of Kodak has stated that even if a like to eontinue to reeeive the Call, buyer takes over Kodak's photo-finishing plant, let us know by mailing baek your address the plant will not be supplied with Kodak label or sending a request for subserip­ products, nor will Kodak do any servicing of tion. Campus and eommunity organizers machines, replacing parts, etc. The April 30th ean get bulk quantities for loeal distri­ date, he soys, provides a grace period for bution. (Please speeify the amount . ) customers to find alternative sources for the While your at it, send us your eontribu­ products they needs. For instance, Kodak tions. We will eonti nue to send the news­ supplies x-ray film to several hospitals who will letter free of eharge to all who request now need to locate new suppliers. it BUT money is short and the future of SWAAN Call i s i n question. We are able Kodak is a positive model for promoting to publish very eheaply, but some money economic disengagement, as it provides is still needed. Your eontribution ean concrete proof that this concept can be carried make a differenee. out. The demands on aU of our finaneial re­ sourees seem espeeially great at the holidays, but suffering is eonstant all year. At a time when mass media is try­ ing to eonf use us and Congress is trying to eo- opt us, networking is erueial to the unity and eontinued vigor of the movement . Together we ean let our govern­ ment know t hat Amer ieans will not unde~­ PLEASE WRITE! write t he illegal and immoral aetivities We Want to Hear of the Pretoria r egime. From You. American Friends Service Committee 814 N.E . Fortieth Street Seattle WA 98105

6 Updates Bellingham: Call Damani Johnson 734-7922 Butte: The Butte Community Union Peace CAMPUS NEWS Education Taskforce has information on anti­ apartheid effor1s in Butte and the state capitol. Stude.nts Against A~art~eid at the University of Contact them at 782-0670. . Washington are panning several events in December and January. Regular meetings will Bozeman: The Women's Resource Center at end Dec. 10 and resume Jan. 7 in the HUB. MSU hosted two anti-apartheid speakers in SAA will participate in the AZAPO tour Jan. November. For information on anti-apartheid 20, sponsored by the Church Council, call SAA contacts, call LouAnne at 994-3886. for mor: info. SAA will sponsor an Art Against Apartheid contest and will conduct a joint Coeur- D'Alene: There will be a week long fundraiser will SUSIES. forum on Southern Africa at the North Idaho College, Dec. 1-6. For more info. contact Toni Gonzaga University is planning additional Stewart 769-3300. sessions highlighting the economic, political and moral issues involved in apartheid. Contact Colville: Tandi Gcabashe will be a key speaker Michelle Johnson, Student Union Offices. at a forum on South Africa, Dec. 5th, sponsored by the Colville Peace and Justice Commission ~eattle .university Students Against A'trtheid and a number of church groups. Call P JALS for IS planning forums on southern Africa. ontact info. Greg Keegan at 322-2098 for info. Denver: On Dec. 6, Tandi Gcabashe will appear Whitman Colle~e organizers in Walla Walla are at a Mt. Gilead Church fundraiser. Gospel !ooking !or stu ents and local residents to join Festival and candlelight service planned for In creating a force against apartheid. Contact M.L. King's birthday. A planning grant from Ann Pelo at the Student Government Offices. Colorado Endowment for the Humanities to develop a traveling forum on South Africa has been awarded to Denver AFSC. Call 832-4508 for more info.

Missoula: A group is being formed on campus to address issues of apartheid and racism. For information on joining contact Bryan Dorsey, Student Center, Black Student Commission. Local SW AAN contact is Butch Turk 549-9679.

SeaHle: Several events are being planned around the 75th anniversary of the ANC on Jan.1 O. For info. contact Cece 328-3184 or Maryamu 722-3725.

Spokane: Call Peace & Justice Action League 838-7870. Activities: Dec 2nd, Spokane Coalition Against Apartheid and Racism will meet, 6:30 p.m., at Europa Pizzeria. Community discussions on racism will be coordinated by John Montgomery, call 838-7870 for details. There will be logo contest for SCAAR and Mothers Against Apartheid in Sunday anti-apartheid rally at January - first prize $10.00. the South African Consulate Tacoma: Call Constance Muwwakil 272-7804 7 SWAAN Call is published by the Southern (The fo llowing i t ems wer e taken from Africa Program of the American Friends APARTHEID BAROMETER, A regular featur e Service Committee, Pacific Northwest appearing i n "Weekly Mai l ") regional office. AFSC staff: Randolph Carter, Gretchen Smith, Ann Takekawa. As of October 31 , 1986, the 142nd day Staff and contributors for this issue: of t he curr ent state of emergency : Berta Gaulke, Marian Bock, Darian Shaw. Tyree Scott, Robin Lindley. -According to the Detainees Parents' Support Committee, about 22,000 people Pri nting by Urban Press ( Seattle) have been detained since the Emergency was declared. * * * * * * * * * * * -According to the 1985/6 annual report of SWAAN (State-Wide Anti-Apartheid Networks) the Department of Home Affairs, of the is a communication and support network for 1,278 books and publications submitted organi zations and individuals seeking for banning, a total of 622 were consid­ freedom and justice in South Africa and an ered prejudicial to state security. The end to racism everywhere. figure does not include publications by banned organisations, which are automat­ Send all correspondence to SWAAN ically banned. Call, care of American Friends Service Committee, 814 N.E. Fortieth St., Seattle -According to the DPSC, a total of at WA 98105, or call 206-632-0500. least 81 people have died while being held in detention or police custody for * * *" * * * * * * * * their political activities. A further Have you joined the Call-To-Conscience eight names of people who had died in , network yet? If you need a pledge card, detention since the last Emergency had contact AFSC. still to be added to their lists. These figures do not include those political prisoners who died while serving their sentences.

American Friends Service Commi ttee Non-profi t Org. 814 N.E . Fortieth Street u.s. Postage PAID Seattle WA 98105 Seattle, Wash. ~Permit No . 3438 Regional SWAAN (State-Wide Anti-Apartheid Networks) is a network of organizations and individuals seeking freedom and justice in South Africa and an end to racism everywhere. "In the name of what we 1~11====s=u=n=d=a=Y=====9I1~====M=o=n=d=a=Y=====9lil~~=T=u=e=s==daY~==9IiFI===w=e=d=n=e:=s~d=a=Y==~II~====T=h=U=r=s=d=aY====IIFI=.===F=r=i=d=a=Y====~II~===s=a=t=u=r=d=a=Y====~11 1 1859: execution of 2 1793: birth of 3 4 5 6 John Brown Lucretia Mott have come to believe 1955: Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to move to Britain and America stand the back of a municipal bus--thus giving birth to for~ I appeal to those two the modern civil rights movement 5:30 p.m.: UW Students powerful countries to take Against Apartheid meet at the HUB on campus decisive action for full­ 1i======9~======~~======~1 1947: United Nations 10 ~======;P:======~iF======~1 scale canctions that would Universal Declaration of 11 12 13 7 8 9 Human Rights 1961: independence of precipitate the end of the 1984: first major demon­ 1963: independence of from Britain stration at consulate in 1961: Albert Luthuli Kenya from Britain hateful system of apartheid. Seattle (1,500 attended, accBpts Nobel Peace 53 were arrested) Prize: "There can be ho I appeal to all governments peace until the forces of oppression are j throughout the world~ to 1 p.m.: anti-apartheid 5:30 p.m.: SAA (UW) overthrown." rally at South African 6 p.m.: banquet honoring people everywhere~ to consulate (Seattle) Seattleites for human rights work (545-7873) II organisations and insti­ 14 15 19 20 1961: found ing of 16 I!:;;l r======1=7,Fl1864 : 13th amendmen;8 tutions in every land and Umkhonto w~~ Sizwe ratified, abolishing at every level~ to act (military branch of slavery in the nation the African now to impose such sanctions National Congress) on South Africa that will 1 p.m. : rally at South bring about the vital African consulate 5:30 p.m.: SAA (UW) necessary change and avert 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1915: 2,800 miners strike 1984: divestment bill what can become the at Van Rhyn Deep mines introduced in Seattle City Council greatest African tragedy of our times. " 1 p.m.: rally at South Christmas rally at African consulate 5:30 p.m.: SAA (UW) South African consulate Chief Albert Lutuli (1964) 200th day of the 28 29 30 31 State of Emergency DEe 1986

1 p.m.: rally at South African consulate Fm~u~ r!,a~~la I~1====SU=n=d=a=Y====~lI====M=O=n=d=aY====~II====TU=e=S=d=a=y==~II===w=e=d=n=e=sd=a=Y==~IIF===T=h=u=rs=d=a=Y==~I~I ===F=r=i=d=aY====~II~=s=a=t=u=rd=a=Y==~I, 1863: Emancipation 111 2 1919: founding of 3 Proclamation ,II Industrial Commercial 1959: revolution in Cuba Union of South Africa 1960: independence of JANUARY Cameroon 1987 F~UjfHJt ~~UttWt 81p======~~======~1 4 7 1912: founding of 9 10 5 1960: 440 miners die ~~II Coalbrook mining disaster the African National Congress

1 p.m.: anti-apartheid 5:30 p.m.: UW Students rally at South African fgainst Apartheid meet consulate (Seattle) ~t the HUB on campus

1885: birth of 11 12 13 14 1929: birth of 15 16 17 Alice Paul Martin Luther King, Jr. "Injustico anywhere is a threat € o justice "I have the audacity to - everywhere." believe that peoples everywhere can have 1 p.m.: rally at South African consulate 5:30 p.m.: SAA (UW) three meals a day for 19 National Heroes Day 20 their bodies~ education 18 in Guinea-Bissau 23 24 Tunisian Revolution Day 21 22 and culture for their minds~ and dignity~ equality~ and freedom

1 p.m.: rally at South for their spirits. 5:30 p.m.: SAA (UW) African consulate I believe that what self­ 25 26 27 28 1948: assassination 29 30 31 centered men have torn 1973: "agreement on of Mahatma Gandhi ending the war and down~ other-centered men restoring peace in Vietnam" can bui ld up. "

1 p.m.: rally at South -Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. African consulate 5:30 p.m.: SAA (UW)