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LEAGUE of NAT I Y. S . Mmunicated to the C . 655 M.1.518. 1S32 . Vii. Uncil An,-1, Menibei's the League. Geneva, September

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LEAGUE of NAT I Y. S . Mmunicated to the C . 655 M.1.518. 1S32 . Vii. Uncil An,-1, Menibei's the League. Geneva, September LEAGUE OF NAT I Y. S. mmunicated to the C . 655 M.1.518. 1S32 . VIi. uncil an,-1, Menibei’s the League. Geneva, September 19th, 195 APPEAL FROM THE CHINESE GO VERNIS NT. Communication from the Japanese Delegation. No te by the Secretary-General. The Secretary-General has the honour to com­ municate to the Council and "Members of the League the following information w:'.ic> has been forwarded to the Acting President of the Council by the Japanese Representative. Paris, Sep t enber 10th , 1932 To the President of the Council, Translation) In conformity with instructions I have received from my Government, I have the honour to inform you that the Japanese Government has concluded with the Manchukuo Govern­ ment a protocol, dated September 15th, the English and French translations of which are annexed to the present note. The Japanese Government has thus granted to that State its formal recognition. On the other hand, the Japanese Government has made in connection with the signature of the above-mentioned protocol a statement, the text of which is reproduced in Annex B. (S i gn e d) H . NAGAOKA Permanent Representative of Japan on the Council of the League. ANNEX A. Transl-.tr ma. PROTOCOL BElW Eai_ JAPAN. AI4D . ARCHOUICJO signed September 15, 1932 at E e inking. Whereas Japan has recognised the fact that Menchoukuo, in accordance with the free will of its inhabitants, has organicsd and established itself as an independent state; and Whereas Manehoukuo has declared its intention of abiding by all international engagements entere a into by China in so far as they are applio Vole to Vanchoukuo ; Nov/ the Governments of Jap n nd -Ianchoukuo have , for­ th e purpose of est ablishing ?. perpetual relationship of good neighbourhood between Japan and Vanchoukuo, each respecting the territorial rights of the other, and also in order to secure the peace of the F r East, agreed ;s follows : 1. Lianchoukuo shall confirm nd respect, in so f r ~s no agreement to the contrary sh 11 be m de between Japan aid Manehoukuo in the future, all rights and interests possessed by Japan or her subjects within the territory of Lianc houkuo by virtue of Sino-Jap' nese treaties, agreea.en ts or other arrange­ ments or Sino-Japanese contr.cts, private as well as public ; 2. Japan and Vanchoukuo recognising that any threat to the pea.ee and order of either of the High Contracting P rties constitutes t the same time a threat to the safety and existence of the other, agree to co-operate in the m intern nee of this nation- 1 security; it will be understood that such Japanese forces as may be necessary for this purpose will be stationed in Mane houkuo. The present protocol she 11 come into effect from the date of its sign ture. The present protocol has been drawn up in Jap :nese and Chinese, two identical copies being made in each laaguage, should any difference arise in regard to interpretation between the Japanese and the Chinese texts, the Japanese text shall prevail. In witness whereof the under-signed, duly uthoiised by their respective Governments, have signed the present protocol and have affix ed their seals thereto. Bone at Ksinking, this 15th day of the Ninth month of the Seventh year of Showa, corresponding to the loth day of the Ninth month of the First year of T;-turg. ( L.S . ) Nobuyoshi Vi TO Ambassador Extr .ordinary and Pie ripo t ent i,a ry of his lia je sty the Emperor of Jap n. (L.S. ) CKSKG Ks iao-hsli Prime Minister of Manehoukuo. - 3 - ANNEX 3. stain s ::i_ o_y _jipa : s e coverivmsnt September 15tli, 153? . Manchuria is the land Ibr the preservation rf whose integrity Japan, on one memorable occasion, set her national destinies at stake. For twenty-seven years which have elapsed since, our people have participated in the development of Manchuria. Their untiring efforts have rendered it prosperous land that it is to-day, and it had now come to have inescapable bearing upon our national defence and very existence of our people. Of recent years, however, the anti-foreign revolu­ tionary diplomacy which has been adopted by China under the influence of radical ideology has steadily encroached upon our all important rights and interests there, and finally the incident of September 18th last compelled Japan to resort to necessary measures of self-defence. Upon the downfall of all the North-Eastern régime consequent upon the occurrence of the Manchurian affair, lead­ ing personalities in the Province of Mukden, Kirin, Heilung­ kiang and Jehol, Tungsheng Special District and the League of Mongolian Banners assembled in consultation, and on March 1st of this year promulgated a Declaration of Independence, by which they proclaimed severance as from that date of all relations with the Republic of China and the establishment of the independent State of Manchukuo. The Declaration set forth a constructive piogramme of the new State in which inter alia it has made clear its intention internally to abolish political corruption of the old regime end to carry out a policy characteristic of the "Kingly Way", and externally to honour a sense of justice to seek international good will and friendship to take over existing obligations and to respect the principle of Open Door and Equal Opportunity - domestic and foreign policies which are all very fair and above-board. On March ICth, the Manchukuo Government sent a communication to Japan and sixteen other countries, in which they repeated the above programme and requested them to establish normal diplomatic relations with Manchukuo. With serious concern and minute attention the Imperial Japanese Government have closely followed the development of conditions in Manchukuo during last half a year and have come to recognise that Manchukuo’s sincerity and determination to carry out the above policies can be relied upon. For instance, Manchukuo has established a special committee in order to pre­ pare for the abolition of extra territoriality, opening up of interior to all foreigners alike and other treaty revisions, and in this regard its attitude directed as it has been to the attainment of desired revision through the agreement with the Powers concerned and without resorting t^ any unilateral measure of termination has been particularly notable. Measures which have been taken for the reform of financial and other systems have also obtained appreciable results. Thus Manchukuo is now steadily developing into full maturity as an independent State and is assured of future full of promise. - 4 - In consideration of the attitude of Manchukuo to domestic and foreign problems above referred to and of Japan’s interest in Manchuria as regard to vital importance of her national defence and existence of her people, the Imperial Japanese Government have set out to secure tranquillity in this region as soon as possible and to guarantee for all time to come foundations of security of the Empire and peace of Far East. With these purposes in view the Government instructed General Muto, His Majesty’s .Ambassador to sign on this date a Protocol recording agreement concluded with Manchukuo authori­ ties and thus accorded formal recognition to that country. That Japan's action in this connection is not derogatory to any treaty to which she is party has been made clear in the address of the Minister for Foreign Affairs made at the Imperial Diet on August 25th last. The Protocol confirms the fact that Manchukuo is an independent State organised in accordance with free will of its inhabitants and it stipulates that all rights and interests which Japan and her subjects possess within the territory of Manchukuo by virtue of treaties and other agreements are to be confirmed and respected, thus doing away once fur all with all pending disputes concerning these rights and interests. Recognising the fact that any menace to Manchuria constitutes at the same time threat to safety and existence of the Empire, the Protocol further provides that Japan and Manchukuo are to co-operate in maintenance of their national security and that the Japanese forces necessary for this purpose are to be stationed in Manchukuo. It is the object of the Protocol thus to establish perpetual relationship of good neighbourhood between the two countries and to secure the peace of Far East. On several occasions the Japanese Government have declared that they harbour no territorial designs in Manchuria and the preamble of the Protocol reaffirms that both contracting Powers will mutually respect each other's territorial rights. As regard to economic activities of foreigners, Man­ chukuo Government made clear in their communication of March ICth above alluded to that they would observe the principle of Open Door. What Japan desires in Manchuria is to do away with all anti-foreign policies there so that the region may become safe place of abo«73 for natives and foreigners alike while at the same time, guaranteeing her legitimate rights and interests there; and therefore it is hardly necessary to repeat the assurance that Japan sincerely hopes that all peoples of the world will pursue their economic activities in Manchuria un the footing of equal opportunity and will thereby contribute to development and prosperity of that region. It is Safely to be espected that entire world will come to have ever increasing understanding of and confidence in the sincere desire and the earnest effort of Manchukuo to carry out its foreign and domestic policies and that Powers will make no long delay in establishing diplomatic relations with it. Iii according the formal recognition to Manchukuo, Japanese Goxrernment desire to express hearty wishes for the future of the country and a fervent hope that our people will spare no effort in fulfilling the duty of a friendly neighbour, so that two countries may live and flourish together in common prosperity.
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