Contribution À L'étude De La Déglaciation Wisconsinienne Dans Le Centre Des Cantons De L'est, Québec

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Contribution À L'étude De La Déglaciation Wisconsinienne Dans Le Centre Des Cantons De L'est, Québec Document generated on 09/26/2021 8:32 p.m. Géographie physique et Quaternaire --> See the erratum for this article Contribution à l’étude de la déglaciation wisconsinienne dans le centre des Cantons de l’Est, Québec Contribution to the study of the Wisconsinan deglaciation of the central area of the Eastern Townships Pierre Clément and Michel Parent Troisième Colloque sur le Quaternaire du Québec : 2e partie Article abstract Volume 31, Number 3-4, 1977 Various geomorphological and sedi-mentological observations, such as southward till fabric orientations, northern slope location and direction of URI: https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1000274ar frontal glacial features, and orientation and location of interlobate system, DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1000274ar indicate that an ice-body flowed southward, east and northeast of Sherbrooke. Westward, this mass probably extended to the Saint Claude eskers north of the See table of contents Stoke Mountains Interlobate Moraine. Its origin cannot be recognized in the studied area, but could be located in the Thet-ford Mines Appalachian plateau. This ice which was conflicting with its western southeastward flowing neighbor had a growing influence in the last déglaciation stages, especially Publisher(s) during the Cherry River readvance which could be extended southeastward Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal beyond the limit proposed by McDONALD (1967). The lack of southwestward continuity and the slope position of the frontal features are explained by the occurence of ice-dammed lakes in the main valleys where the glacier was ISSN afloat. As the presumed east-west trend of ice fronts cuts obliquely the 0705-7199 (print) northeast-southwest topographical axes, spillways generally tended to flow 1492-143X (digital) westward according to the decreasing lake altitudes in this direction. Explore this journal Cite this article Clément, P. & Parent, M. (1977). Contribution à l’étude de la déglaciation wisconsinienne dans le centre des Cantons de l’Est, Québec. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 31(3-4), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.7202/1000274ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l’Université de Montréal, 1977 This document is protected by copyright law. Use of the services of Érudit (including reproduction) is subject to its terms and conditions, which can be viewed online. https://apropos.erudit.org/en/users/policy-on-use/ This article is disseminated and preserved by Érudit. Érudit is a non-profit inter-university consortium of the Université de Montréal, Université Laval, and the Université du Québec à Montréal. Its mission is to promote and disseminate research. https://www.erudit.org/en/ Géogr. phys. Quat., 1977, vol. XXXI, n°*3-4, p. 217-228. CONTRIBUTION À L'ÉTUDE DE LA DÉGLACIATION WISCONSINIENNE DANS LE CENTRE DES CANTONS DE L'EST, QUÉBEC Pierre CLÉMENT et Michel PARENT, Département de géographie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K2R1. RÉSUMÉ Un ensemble de faits géo­ ABSTRACT Contribution to the study of PE3KDME BK/lAfl B HAYKy OTCTyn/lEHHfl BMC- morphologiques et sédimentologiques the Wisconsinan déglaciation of the KOHCHHCKOrO /lEflHMKA B UEHTPE PAPIOHA KAHTOH HE /1ECT. KBE6EK. C6op reoMop«OJi- (fabriques de till à orientation d'écoule­ central area of the Eastern Townships. ornMecKaix w ceAMMeHTOJioraiMecxMX AaHHbix (npw- ment vers le S ; position sur des versants Various geomorphological and sedi- HMMaH BO BHMMaHne OPHeHTnpOBKy THflH K TeueHHK) exposés au N et tracé de formes gla­ mentological observations, such as K iory; nonomeHaie Ha oôHawêHHbix K ceeepy cxjioHax, ciaires frontales; orientation et situation southward till fabric orientations, north­ HaMeneHHoe iJjopMaMta neAHHKOBbix OKOHMaHMtV, opaieHTauain v, pacnonoweHue MemnooapHofl cuc- de système interlobaire) indique un écou­ ern slope location and direction of TOMbi) yna3biBaioT Ha 06w.ee TeueHne K wry neAHH- lement général vers le S d'une masse frontal glacial features, and orientation KOBofl Maccbi HaxoAaUjueflcR Ha BOCToxe M ceBepo- glaciaire à l'E et au NE de Sherbrooke. and location of interlobate system, indi­ BOCTOxe OT ropojia UJepopyxa. 3anaAHbiR npeaen La limite occidentale de celle-ci paraît se cate that an ice-body flowed southward, 3T0M Maccbi B BMjie 3CKep CaH-KnoA xax 6yaT0 npo- AonmaeTCfl Ha ceeep OTMemnooapHo R MopeHbi rop prolonger au N de la moraine d'interlobe east and northeast of Sherbrooke. West­ CToyx. MecTO npoiacxoaxAeHRR 3TO« neAHtaxoBOR des monts Stoke par les eskers de Saint- ward, this mass probably extended to the Maccbi He ysHaBaeuoe B paccaaoTpeHHOM pafloHe Claude. L'origine de cette masse gla­ Saint Claude eskers north of the Stoke HO Morno Gbi HaxoARTbCR B anna/iaMCKOM n/iaTO Bonn- ciaire n'est pas reconnaissabie dans la Mountains Interlobate Moraine. Its origin an OTTeTrtopf l MaflHC. 3TB uacca. KOtopan «enuiy cannot be recognized in the studied npoMaiM HaxoARTCfl BKOHguiHKT ec 6nnwaflujetf sanajj- région considérée, mais pourrait se HOH wiaccoA, ouiuee TOMeHvie XOTODOH npoRBunocb situer dans le plateau appaiachien de area, but could be located in the Thet- B loro-BOCTOMHOM HanpaBneHMn, CBMAeTeflbCTBOBana Thetford-Mines. Cette masse, en conflit ford Mines Appalachian plateau. This ice yBenHMeHaiio CBoero 3HaMeHMR BO BOOM R nocrieAHatx avec sa voisine occidentale à écoule­ which was conflicting with its western 3Tan neAHMKOBoro OTCTynneHMR, B ocoGeHHocTH npn ment général vers le SE, a vu son in­ southeastward flowing neighbor had a Tax HaabiBaeMOM BOSBpaTe pexia Hapat. ripoc™paHne 3Toro B03BpaTa x loro-BOCTOxy OT npeAenoB ycTa- fluence croître durant les étapes ultimes growing influence in the last dégla­ HOBJieHHbiMn Max floHa/iAOM (1967), xaweTcn Be- de la déglaciation, en particulier lors de ciation stages, especially during the poRTHbiM. OTcyTCTBne HenpepwBHOCTM x Kjro-3anaAy la récurrence dite de Cherry River dont Cherry River readvance which could be M noxann3auKB Ha cxnoHe tJ»pM neAHMKOBbix oxaH- l'extension au SE de la limite fixée par extended southeastward beyond the MaHMA oôbncHReTCH HaniaMneM oaep rnamaa/ibHola AaMGbl B OCHOBHblX AO/lMHax TA6 neAHHKOBbie OXOH- McDONALD (1967) paraît probable. L'ab­ limit proposed by McDONALD (1967). MaHnn noABeprnaiCb cnnbiBaHnio Kocoe HanpaB- sence de continuité vers le SO et la loca­ The lack of southwestward continuity nenne ocefl penbetjja, HanpaB/ieHHbie Ha ceBepo- lisation sur versant des formes frontales and the slope position of the frontal sanaA K>ro-BOCTOK no oTHouueHMKj x neAHHxoBbiM s'expliquent par l'existence de lacs de features are explained by the occurence 0K0HM8HHRM HaXOAHBUJHMCfl B BOCTOMHO-3anaAHOM HanpaB/ieHatH, yMHTbiaaeT Ha/iHMate oBuiero nepe- barrage glaciaire dans les vallées princi­ of ice-dammed lakes in the main valleys naiBa x 3anaAy OTnpameAHviKOBbi x oaep, TOMHee B pales où les fronts étaient amenés à flot­ where the glacier was afloat. As the pre­ HanpaBneHne yMeHbweHMH HX BbicoTw. ter; l'obliquité des axes du relief, orien­ sumed east-west trend of ice fronts cuts tés NE-SO par rapport aux fronts assu­ obliquely the northeast-southwest topo­ més plutôt E-O, rend compte du déverse­ graphical axes, spillways generally ment général vers l'O des lacs progla­ tended to flow westward according to ciaires, soit dans la direction de leur the decreasing lake altitudes in this décroissance d'altitude. direction. 218 P. CLÉMENT ET M. PARENT La région analysée (fig. 1) est située entre la fron­ lac Memphrémagog (McDONALD, 1967,1968). Certaines tière des États-Unis au S et la latitude 45°50' N; d'E en données géomorphologiques et sédimentologiques O, elle est comprise entre le méridien 71° O et le chaî­ permettent de modifier le schéma régional proposé non de Sutton-Richmond. Ce secteur des Appalaches précédemment. septentrionales constitue un plateau incliné entre 250 et 450 m d'altitude, coupé par des reliefs dont les altitudes I. LES FAITS OBSERVÉS maximales atteignent le millier de mètres au SE. Les 1. LES FABRIQUES DU TILL RÉCENT axes topographiques sont généralement parallèles aux directions tectoniques NE-SO, qui s'incurvent vers l'E Des mesures d'orientation et d'inclinaison de cailloux dans la région de Ham. d'axe a supérieur à 1,5 cm ont été effectuées au Ne t au Le schéma établi pour la dernière déglaciation wis- NE de Sherbrooke, soit dans les vallées du Watopéka consinienne dans les Cantons de l'Est fait intervenir (PARENT, 1976) et du Saint-François (fig. 2). Les pré­ le retrait vers le NO d'un inlandsis (McDONALD 1967), cautions usuelles ont été prises: choix de sites de pente avec persistance d'une masse de glace dans la région inférieure à 2° pour éviter les dérangements par les de Thetford-Mines (GADD ef al., 1972). Cette masse, aux mouvements de masse; prélèvements entre 1 et 1,5 m limites mal définies, aurait laissé des marques d'écoule­ de profondeur pour éviter à la fois les perturbations ment vers le N et l'O (LAMARCHE 1971, 1974). Le recul pédologiques et l'accès à des tills sous-jacents plus général de l'inlandsis a été interrompu par une récur­ anciens pouvant être parfois peu distincts sur le terrain. rence, dite récurrence de Cherry River, dont l'âge Ces mesures ont porté uniquement sur les cailloux approximatif est estimé à 13 5000A A (GADDe f al., 1972). en forme de lame (a/b > 1,5 et b/c > 1,5) et de ba­ Au cours de la déglaciation, des lacs de barrage glaciaire guette (a/b > 2 et 6 ^ c). Pour la première catégorie, se sont formés dans le bassin du Saint-François; l'épi­ représentant plus de 80% des cas, les positions respec­ sode le mieux connu est la phase de «Sherbrooke» du tives dans l'espace des axes a et c peuvent être éta- FIGURE 1. Carte de localisa­ tion: 1 ) position sfrontale sselo n GADD ef al. (1972); 2) direc­ tions principales des marques glaciaires (la succession chro­ nologique est indiquée par les numéros) observées par Gadd et al. et par Lamarche ; 3 ) loca­ lisation des figures 4e t5 .
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