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Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 6288

Report of Activities, 2012 Resident Geologist Program

Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist Report: Southeastern Ontario and Southwestern Ontario Districts and Petroleum Operations

2013

ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

Open File Report 6288

Report of Activities, 2012 Resident Geologist Program

Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist Report: Southeastern Ontario and Southwestern Ontario Districts and Petroleum Operations

by

P.J. Sangster, P.S. LeBaron, S.J. Charbonneau, D.A. Laidlaw, A.C. Wilson, T.R. Carter and L. Fortner

2013

Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference to this publication be made in the following form: Sangster, P.J., LeBaron, P.S., Charbonneau, S.J., Laidlaw, D.A., Wilson, A.C., Carter, T.R. and Fortner, L. 2013. Report of Activities 2012, Resident Geologist Program, Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist Report: Southeastern Ontario and Southwestern Ontario Districts and Petroleum Operations; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6288, 78p.

Users of OGS products are encouraged to contact those Aboriginal communities whose traditional territories may be located in the mineral exploration area to discuss their project.

© Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2013

© Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2013.

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Cette publication est disponible en anglais seulement.

Parts of this report may be quoted if credit is given. It is recommended that reference be made in the following form:

Sangster, P.J., LeBaron, P.S., Charbonneau, S.J., Laidlaw, D.A., Wilson, A.C., Carter, T.R. and Fortner, L. 2013. Report of Activities 2012, Resident Geologist Program, Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist Report: Southeastern Ontario and Southwestern Ontario Districts and Petroleum Operations; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6288, 78p.

iii

Mines and Minerals Division Regional and District Offices

CITY ADDRESS OFFICE(S) TELEPHONE FAX Kenora Suite 104, 810 Robertson St., ○ ■ (807) 468-2819 (807) 468-2930 Kenora P9N 4J2 Red Lake 227 Howey Street, P.O. Box 324, ● ■ (807) 727-2464 (807) 727-3553 Red Lake P0V 2M0 Thunder Bay – North Suite B002, 435 James St. S., ● ■ ▼ (807) 475-1331 (807) 475-1112 Thunder Bay P7E 6S7 ▲ (807) 475-1311 (807) 475-1112 Thunder Bay – South Suite B002, 435 James St. S., ● ■ ▼ (807) 475-1331 (807) 475-1112 Thunder Bay P7E 6S7 ▲ (807) 475-1311 (807) 475-1112 Sault Ste. Marie Suite 6, 875 Queen St. E., ○ ■ (705) 945-6931 (705) 945-6935 Sault Ste. Marie P6A 2B3 Timmins Ontario Government Bldg., P.O. Bag 3060, ● ■ ▼ (705) 235-1619 (705) 235-1620 1270 Hwy 101 East, South Porcupine P0N 1H0 ▲ (705) 235-1600 (705) 235-1610 Kirkland Lake 10 Government Rd. E., P.O. Box 100, ● ■ (705) 568-4518 (705) 568-4524 Kirkland Lake P2N 3M6 Sudbury Willet Green Miller Centre, Level A3, ○ (705) 670-5735 (705) 670-5770 933 Ramsey Lake Rd., Sudbury P3E 6B5 ▼ (705) 670-5887 (705) 670-5807  (705) 670-5742 (705) 670-5681 Tweed P.O. Bag Service 43, 126 Old Troy Rd., ● ■ ▼ (613) 478-3161 (613) 478-2873 (Southern Ontario) Tweed K0K 3J0

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ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

RESIDENT GEOLOGIST PROGRAM

REPORT OF ACTIVITIES—2012

SOUTHERN ONTARIO REGIONAL RESIDENT GEOLOGIST REPORT

CONTENTS

1. Southeastern Ontario District Southwestern Ontario District

2. Petroleum Operations

Ontario Geological Survey Regional Resident Geologist Program

Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist (Southeastern Ontario and Southwestern Ontario Districts)—2012

by

P.J. Sangster, P.S. LeBaron, S.J. Charbonneau, D.A. Laidlaw and A.C. Wilson

2013

CONTENTS

Southeastern Ontario and Southwestern Ontario Districts—2012

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 MINING ACTIVITY ...... 2 Salt ...... 2 Brick and Shale ...... 10 Cement ...... 11 Update on Aggregate Quarry Proposals ...... 13 Dimension and Building Stone ...... 14 Wiarton Area Quarries ...... 14 Sandstone Quarries ...... 14 Orillia Area Quarries ...... 14 Peterborough Area Quarries ...... 14 ADVANCED EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT ...... 15 Gold ...... 15 Upper Canada Gold Corporation – Dingman Prospect ...... 15 Graphite ...... 15 Ontario Graphite Ltd. – Kearney Mine ...... 16 Northern Graphite Corporation – Bissett Creek Deposit ...... 16 Mega Graphite Inc. – Bedford Project and Burgess Project ...... 17 Wollastonite ...... 17 Canadian Wollastonite – St. Lawrence Deposit ...... 17 EXPLORATION ACTIVITY ...... 18 Gold ...... 23 Union Glory Gold Ltd. – Tudor Township ...... 23 Crown William Mining Corp. – Madoc Gold Property ...... 23 Vanity Capital Inc. – Ore Chimney Property, Barrie Township ...... 24 Granite and/or Crushed Stone ...... 24 Danford Granite – Hungerford Township ...... 24 Graphite ...... 24 Standard Graphite Corp. – Black Donald, Little Bryan and Lyndoch Graphite Properties ...... 25 Big North Graphite Corp. – Griffith And Brougham Properties ...... 25 Terra Firma Resources Inc. – Beidelmann–Lyall Property ...... 26 Olympic Resources Ltd. – McWhirter Lake Graphite Property ...... 26 Valterra Resource Corporation – Bobcaygeon Graphite Property ...... 26 Magnetite ...... 27 Ferromin Inc. – South Canonto Township ...... 27 Nickel-Copper-Platinum Group Elements ...... 27 First Nickel Inc...... 27 Belmont Project ...... 28 Raglan Hills Project ...... 28 Henderson Project ...... 28 Minerals for Collectors ...... 29 Ontario’s Highlands Tourism Organization – Counties of Haliburton, Lanark, and Renfrew ...... 29 RESIDENT GEOLOGIST STAFF AND ACTIVITIES ...... 29 Diamond-Drill Core Library Project ...... 31

x PROPERTY EXAMINATIONS ...... 33 M. Forget – Kashwakamak Property, Barrie Township ...... 37 Location and Access ...... 37 Exploration History ...... 37 Regional Geology ...... 37 Property Geology ...... 38 Mineralization ...... 38 Recommendations ...... 39 Sifto Canada Corporation, Compass Minerals – Goderich Mine ...... 39 Location and Access ...... 39 Background and History ...... 39 Geology ...... 40 Mineralization ...... 40 Observations ...... 40 MRT Aggregates Inc., Trigan Resources Inc. – Methuen Township Operations ...... 41 Location and Access ...... 41 History ...... 41 Regional Geology ...... 42 Propery Geology and Observations ...... 42 Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 43 Danford Granite Ltd. – Hungerford Township ...... 44 Location and Access ...... 44 Exploration History ...... 44 Geology ...... 44 Mineral Potential ...... 45 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXPLORATION ...... 45 Carbonate-Hosted Talc in the Belmont Domain, Southeastern Ontario...... 45 Talc Uses and Consumption ...... 45 Canada Talc Deposit Model ...... 46 Talc Potential In The Belmont Domain ...... 47 Base Metal Potential in the Harvey–Cardiff Domain, Southeastern Ontario ...... 48 Copper ± Molybdenum ± Zinc Occurrences, Harvey Township ...... 48 Salerno Creek Deformation Zone Sulphide Occurrences ...... 50 Zinc Occurrences In Marble ...... 50 OGS ACTIVITIES AND RESEARCH BY OTHERS ...... 60 University Research and Collaborations ...... 61 Geological and Archeological Investigations ...... 61 REGIONAL LAND USE GEOLOGIST ACTIVITIES—SOUTHERN REGION ...... 62 Land Use Planning Activities...... 62 Crown Lands ...... 62 Forest Management Planning...... 62 Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves ...... 63 Other Crown Land Use Planning Initiatives ...... 63 Withdrawal Orders ...... 63 Municipal and Private Lands ...... 63 Exemptions from Mining Tax ...... 67 First Nations ...... 67 Other Activities ...... 67 Class Environmental Assessments ...... 67 Ontario Biodiversity Strategy ...... 67 Data Committee ...... 68 Other ...... 68

xi

MINERAL DEPOSIT COMPILATION GEOLOGIST—NORTHEASTERN ONTARIO ...... 69 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... 70 REFERENCES ...... 70

Tables 1. Mining activity in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012 (keyed to Figure 1) ...... 4 2. Producing mines and quarries in the Southwestern Ontario District* in 2012 (keyed to Figure 2) ...... 8 3. Assessment files received in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012 ...... 18 4. Exploration activity in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012 (keyed to Figure 3) ...... 20 5. Program activity statistics (five-year summary) for the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist’s office ...... 31 6. Library acquisitions in 2012 by the Southern Ontario District ...... 31 7. Property visits conducted by the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist and staff in 2012 (keyed to Figures 4 and 5) ...... 33 8. Historic production of copper, lead, zinc – Southeastern Ontario District ...... 51 9. Historic production of gold – Southeastern Ontario District ...... 51 10. Historic production of fluorite – Southeastern Ontario District ...... 51 11. Historic production of iron – Southeastern Ontario District ...... 52 12. Past-producing magnetite mines – Southeastern Ontario District ...... 53 13. Uranium deposits not currently being mined in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012 ...... 54 14. Mineral deposits not currently being mined in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012...... 55 15. Mineral deposits not currently being mined in the Southwestern Ontario District in 2012 ...... 57 16. Titanium, tantalum and REE occurrences compiled from MDI2 database – Southeastern Ontario District...... 58 17. Municipal planning initiatives with MNDM input, southern Ontario, 2012 ...... 64 18. Mineral Deposit Inventory records revision in 2012 ...... 69

Figures 1. Mining activity in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012 (keyed to Table 1) ...... 3 2. Producing mines and quarries in the Southwestern Ontario District in 2012 (keyed to Table 2) ...... 7 3. Exploration activity in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012 (keyed to Table 4) ...... 22 4. Property visits (keyed to Table 7) and claim staking activity in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012 ...... 35 5. Property visits (keyed to Table 7) in the Southwestern Ontario District in 2012 ...... 36 6. Talc occurrences within areas of marble intruded by mafic to felsic plutons ...... 47 7. Zinc and copper occurrences in the Harvey–Cardiff domain and adjacent rocks of the Bancroft terrane ...... 49 8. The locations of municipal planning initiatives with MNDM input, southeastern Ontario, 2012 ...... 65 9. The locations of municipal planning initiatives with MNDM input, southwestern Ontario, 2012 ...... 66

Photos 1. High-grade graphite from discovery trench, Bobcaygeon graphite property, Valterra Resource Corporation. .. 26 2. Metagabbro outcrop at MRT Aggregates Inc. Methuen Township operations...... 43 3. Danford Granite Ltd. diamond-drill core from the Addington pluton in Hungerford Township ...... 44

xii

Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist (Southeastern Ontario and Southwestern Ontario Districts)—2012

P.J. Sangster1, P.S. LeBaron2, S.J. Charbonneau3, D.A. Laidlaw4 and A.C. Wilson5

1Regional Resident Geologist, Southern Ontario Region, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey

2District Geologist, Southeastern Ontario District, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey

3District Geological Assistant, Southeastern Ontario District, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey

4Regional Land Use Geologist—Northeast Region, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey

5Mineral Deposit Compilation Geologist—Northeastern Ontario, Resident Geologist Program, Ontario Geological Survey

INTRODUCTION

The Southern Ontario Region encompasses the most populous part of the province and includes both the provincial and national capitals. The Region stretches over 700 km from the Canada–United States border in the west, through the southern Great Lakes (lakes Huron, Erie and Ontario) and along the St. Lawrence River to the Ontario–Quebec border in the east. The northern boundary of the Region cuts across Georgian Bay striking westward north of Lake Simcoe across the Precambrian Shield, including Algonquin Park and neighbouring townships, ending at the Ottawa River and the Province of Quebec. From Paleozoic sedimentary rocks to the metamorphic terranes of the Central Metasedimentary Belt and Central Gneiss Belt, the Region hosts some of the most diverse and productive geology in the province.

Production from mines and quarries continued throughout southern Ontario within both the Grenville Province and in the Paleozoic rocks in the southwest and southeast. With the exception of salt mining and brine field operations in southwestern Ontario, all mining operations within the Paleozoic rocks are for commodities whose development of is designated under the Aggregate Resources Act administered by the Ministry of Natural Resources.

On May 31, 2012, Surface and Mining rights for 3000 km2 of Crown lands in southeastern Ontario were withdrawn from staking on a temporary basis while the Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs and the Ministry of Natural Resources considered the status of certain lands that may have potential for future disposition as part of a settlement of the Algonquin land claim. Selected Crown lands within the following 84 townships were withdrawn: Abinger, Airy, Alice, Antoine, Ashby, Bagot, Balantyne, Bangor, Barrie, Bathurst, Bedford, Blithfield, Bonfield, Boulter, Boyd, Brudenell, Buchanan, Burns, Butler, Calvin, Cameron, Carlow, Clara, Clarendon, Cumberland, Dalhousie, Darling, Dickens, Dungannon, Eddy, Effingham, Elmsley, Ferris, Fraser, French, Gloucester, Grattan, Griffith, Hagarty, Head, Herschel, Hinchinbrooke, Horton, Jones, Lauder, Lavant, Lyell, Lyndoch, March, Maria, Marlborough, Matawatchan, Mattawan, Mayo, McClure, McKay, Miller, Montague, Monteagle, North Algona, North Canonto, Olden, Olrig, Oso, Palmerston, Papineau, Petawawa, Phelps, Radcliffe, Raglan, Richards, Rolph, Ross, Sabine, Sebastopol, Sherwood, South Canonto, Westmeath, Wicklow, Wilberforce and Wylie townships. Withdrawn lands within this area not required as part of the Algonquin Land Claim settlement were reopened for claim staking on November 30, 2012. If any of the withdrawn lands within this area cease to be required for the purposes of settlement, they will be reopened for claim staking. Approximately, 740 km2 remain withdrawn. Any alienated lands, including existing mining claims and mining leases, lying within the limits of the withdrawn area that subsequently revert to the Crown will automatically be considered to be withdrawn.

1 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

In 2011, the surface and mining rights for all unalienated Crown land south of the French River, Lake Nipissing and the Mattawa River were withdrawn from staking for a 60-day period to allow for transition from ground staking to map staking. These lands were reopened for staking using a paper-based map-staking system for areas that have been subdivided into lots and concessions. Ground staking is still required in unsubdivided townships in southern Ontario, using special staking rules for designated areas.

Southern Ontario prospectors and developers appear to have adapted well to the map-staking system introduced in 2011. In 2012, a total 307 claims, comprising 1770 16-hectare claim units, were recorded. A large portion of the claim recording activity was related to the acquisition of graphite prospects with identified resources and areas with high potential for the discovery of new graphite deposits. Claim staking activity is shown in Figure 4.

Tables 8 through 16 provide details on currently inactive mineral deposits with identified resources and past- producing mineral occurrences. Note: Unless otherwise stated, resource figures given in these tables and elsewhere in this report, refer to historic resources only and are not National Instrument (NI) 43-101 compliant.

The authors note that, for ease of reading, all Web addresses were accessed March 18, 2012, unless otherwise noted. MINING ACTIVITY

During 2012, there were over 100 mineral extraction operations in southern Ontario, including 14 industrial mineral operations, 2 trap rock producers, 7 cement producer’s quarries, 7 brick producer’s quarries, 3 gemstone and mineral specimen sites and 64 dimension stone quarries. All Ontario production of salt, gypsum/wallboard, natural gas and petroleum, shale/brick, lime/dolime, cement, nepheline and the majority of dimension stone, sand and gravel comes from the Southern Ontario Region.

For a complete listing of mining activity and locations of operating mines and mills in southern Ontario, please refer to Tables 1 and 2, and Figures 1 and 2.

An estimated 5000 people were directly employed in mineral extraction and on-site processing plants in southern Ontario. In 2012, Ontario non-metallic mineral production was valued at $2.9 billion—representing 32% of the total value of mineral production in the province. Five of the top 10 commodities produced in 2012 were industrial minerals. Most of this production came from southern Ontario mines and quarries. Salt

Salt has been produced in Ontario since 1866. There are extensive beds of rock salt found in the Silurian Salina Formation (Group) rocks in parts of southwestern Ontario, west of London.

Although there were numerous historic producers in southwestern Ontario, only a few produced more than 100 000 tonnes of salt from brine well operations. Salt is the only Ontario mineral commodity for which the market and production are directly controlled by weather. Salt for de-icing is extracted from underground as warranted by the market demand.

Provincial and municipal governments are the main market for de-icing salt. The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario reports that MTO salt usage is highly dependent upon weather conditions, varying from 500 000 to 600 000 tonnes of salt annually.

In 2012, Ontario produced 7 million tonnes of salt valued at $298 million. Salt remains one of the top 10 minerals in the province by value of production.

Sifto Canada Corporation and the Canadian Salt Company each operate underground mines and brine fields in Goderich and Windsor, respectively. Rock salt from the underground mines is used mostly for road de-icing, for feedstock and in industry, where it is used in making a wide variety of products including chemicals, plastics and glass. Food-grade and chemical-grade salt are produced from the brine operations.

2 P.J. Sangster et al.

Mining activity in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012 (keyed to Table 1). Table to (keyed 2012 in District Ontario Southeastern the in activity Mining Figure 1.

3 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Table 1. Mining activity in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012 (keyed to Figure 1).

No. Company/Individual Township(s) Mining Activity (Mine Name) (Commodity) 1 Aecon Construction and Gloucester Dolomitic sandstone from the Ottawa Quarry is produced from the lower Materials Ltd. (Dolomitic sandstone) member of the March Formation (11 m thick) for use in pavement aggregate. 2 Allan Franks Construction Ltd. Madoc Limestone has been quarried and crushed on a seasonal basis since 1991 for (Limestone) road aggregate. 3 AME Materials Engineering Marmora Limestone is quarried from former Marmoraton mine site for aggregate. (Aecon) (Limestone) 4 Amsen Quarries Ltd. Harvey (Limestone) Limestone landscaping stone products. 5 Aqua Rose Quarries Lyndoch Quarrying operations for rose quartz, beryl, feldspar, lyndochite, amazonite, (Gemstones, cleavelandite, peristerite, columbite, fluorite and bertrandite. Two quarries Mineral specimens) are in operation: the Beryl Pit, which charges a fee for mineral collecting, and the Rose Quartz Quarry, which produces landscape stone. 6 Bancroft Chamber of Monmouth Fee for collecting site near Wilberforce. Field trips to this site organized by Commerce (Mineral specimens) the Bancroft Chamber of Commerce attract on average 40 to 50 participants. (Bear Lake Diggings) In 2008, a total of 606 people attended the field trips, with an estimated 10 000 attending the Bancroft Gemboree. 7 Central Ontario Natural Stone Laxton Grey, buff and black limestone is produced as flagstone. (Batty Quarry) (Limestone) 8 Colonial Brick & Stone Chandos A blue grey metasedimentary rock is extracted for a variety of uses including (Elite Blue) (Marble) armour stone, landscaping stone and dimension stone. Stone is split / guillotined for flagging and landscape stone. 9 Cornwall Gravel Company Ltd. Cornwall Limestone for aggregate is quarried from this quarry north of Cornwall. (Cornwall Quarry) (Limestone) 10 Cruickshank Construction Kingston The Elginburg Quarry near Kingston produces 500 000 t of limestone Limited (Limestone) annually. This company has 12 operating quarries throughout eastern Ontario including Green Valley, Kemptville, Brockville, Iroquois, Napanee and Verona. They produce a range of products from fine aggregate to armour stone. Their stone has been used in shoreline protection projects along the St. Lawrence Seaway, including a $3.5 million breakwater and a marina project in Prescott. 11 Danford Construction Huntingdon Limestone is quarried and crushed for road aggregate and specialty concrete (Springbrook Road Quarry) (Limestone) (seasonal operation). Annually, they produce 150 000 t of limestone and employ a staff of 24. 12 Danford Construction Ltd. Elzevir, Hungerford Granite-gneiss from the Tweed quarry is used and approved for use in (Granite-gneiss) “Superpave™” aggregates. 13 Dibblee Paving & Materials Gloucester Dolomitic sandstone from the Boyce Quarry is removed from the lower Ltd. (Dolomitic sandstone) member of the March Formation. 14 Drain Bros. Excavating Inc. Dummer Limestone for use as road aggregate. (Limestone) 15 Drain Bros. Excavating Inc. Methuen Crushed stone for aggregate. (Granite) 16 Dufferin Aggregates Harvey Grey limestone is extracted for use as armour stone, landscaping stone and (Limestone) crushed stone. 17 Essroc Canada Inc. Sophiasburg A cement plant and on-site limestone quarry with an annual production of (Picton Quarry) (Cement) slightly less than 1 000 000 tons. This is one of the largest cement plants in North America and employs 160 people. 18 Ferromin Inc. South Canonto Magnetite is mined and crushed as high-density aggregate for use in heavy (Tomclid Iron Mine) (Magnetite) concrete applications including radiation shielding. 19 FPL Aggregates Cavendish Burgundy coloured granite is quarried for use as crushed stone aggregate and (Mountain Lake Quarry) (Granite) decorative stone. The quarry has an aggregate extraction licence, with no annual extraction limit. Product is shipped to the company’s Mount Albert site serving the Richmond Hill, Newmarket and Aurora markets.

4 P.J. Sangster et al.

No. Company/Individual Township(s) Mining Activity (Mine Name) (Commodity) 20 Graf Quarry Faraday A variety of landscape and dimension stone is extracted from a quarry of (Senator Stone) (Marble) calcitic marble breccia formerly held by Senator Stone and marketed as “Temagami Pink”. 21 Haliburton Stone Works McClintock, Minden A variety of granite and limestone dimensional and landscape stones are (Granite, dolomite and produced from 2 quarries. limestone) 22 I.K.O. Industries Ltd. Madoc Since 1991, I.K.O. Industries Ltd. has operated a trap rock quarry east of (I.K.O. Quarry) (Trap rock) Madoc on the south side of Hwy 7. The quarry is located within a ridge of grey to black, fine-grained, agglomeratic metavolcanic rock. The rock is durable and exhibits no undesirable weathering effects. An on-site mill and colouring plant produce roofing granules, which are trucked to the company's asphalt shingle manufacturing plant in Brampton. In addition to roofing granules, stone from the quarry is crushed to produce HL-1 aggregate (asphalt road surfacing mix). The quarry is licenced under the Aggregate Resources Act to produce up to 1 Mt per year. 23 JC Rock Huntingdon Historic producer; in 2010, saw dimension stone removed for restoration (Crookston Quarry) (Limestone) project in Belleville. 24 Jeff Parnell Contracting Galway Natural and dimension-cut armour stone, rockery stone, garden stone, natural Limited (Limestone, granite) surface steps and natural and dimensional flagstone. Burgundy coloured granite from the site is being tested for decorative stone, landscaping and dimension stone applications. 25 John Bacher Construction McClintock Building stone, flagging stone and landscaping stone. Limited (Granite, gneiss) 26 Johnston Quarry Galway Gull River Formation limestone is removed for use as landscaping stone, (Limestone) flagstone and building stone. 27 Karson Kartage & Huntley The quarry produces limestone for use as road aggregate. Konstruction Ltd. (Limestone) (Clarke Quarry) 28 Kawartha Rock Quarry Inc. Harvey Limestone is quarried to produce armour stone and flagstone. (Limestone) 29 Keystone Granite Minden Granite is quarried for use as armour, flags, steps and dimension stone. (Granite) 30 LaFarge Canada Inc. Ernestown A cement plant and on-site limestone quarry with a capacity to produce 1 Mt (Bath Quarry) (Cement) of cement. Silica used in the production of cement is extracted from the company’s Potsdam sandstone quarry in Pittsburgh Tp. as well as from recycled foundry sands. 31 Lafarge Canada Inc. Elizabethtown Dolomitic sandstone from the lower member of the March Formation (at least (Brockville Quarry) (Dolomitic sandstone) 19 m thick) is used for road aggregate. Markets are served in the Brockville, Prescott and Cardinal areas. 32 Lafarge Construction Gloucester Material from the lower member of the March Formation (11 m thick) is (Hawthorne Quarry) (Dolomitic sandstone) crushed for use as road aggregate. 33 Miller Paving Ltd. Carden, Sophiasburg This quarry east of Brechin produces grey limestone for use as aggregate, (Limestone) architectural stone, landscaping/armour stone, asphalt limestone, crushed limestone and manufactured sand. Product from the quarry supplies a growing market in Markham, 90 km to the south. 34 MRT Aggregate Inc. Methuen Metagabbro is quarried and crushed on site for use as premium aggregate for (Aggregate) HL-1 purposes. Portable crusher is moved on site as required. Production began in December 2002 and, in 2003, production totalled 100 000 t. The product is used by Miller Paving and also sold outside the company. 35 Nelson Windover Quarries Harvey Grey limestone is quarried as a seasonal operation for the production of (Windover, Buckhorn Quarry) (Limestone) flagstone. 36 Nesbitt Aggregates Horton Granite river stone is quarried, sorted and split for use as flagstone, fieldstone, (Granite) landscaping and masonry stone. The majority of production is exported to the United States.

5 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

No. Company/Individual Township(s) Mining Activity (Mine Name) (Commodity) 37 OMYA Canada Inc. Darling Calcitic marble is mined to produce high-purity, fine-grind calcite for fillers (Tatlock Quarry) (Calcite) with terrazzo chips and landscaping stone as secondary products. Annual production is 250 000 tons and quarry reserves currently stand at over 5 000 000 tons. In 2000, a five-year expansion program was completed at their quarry and plant located in Perth. 38 Payne, E.W. Dummer Flagstone is produced seasonally from this quarry. (Payne Quarry) (Limestone) 39 Princess Sodalite Mine Dungannon Decorative stone, landscaping stone, mineral specimens including fee for (Sodalite) collecting. 40 Redstone Quarries Galway, Harvey, Beige limestone and red sandstone are quarried for weathered landscaping Cavendish stone and armour stone blocks. (Limestone, sandstone) 41 Rideauview Contracts Ltd. Rear Leeds & Sandstone produced for flagstone, granite blocks and masonry stone. (Ellisville Quarry) Lansdowne (Sandstone) 42 Rideauview Contracts Ltd. Camden East Limestone was quarried for building restoration work in Kingston. (Pettworth & Renaud Quarries) (Limestone) 43 Rideauview Contracts Ltd. Storrington Red sandstone is produced for ashlar and flagstone. (Rideauview Quarry) (Sandstone) 44 Rideauview Contracts Ltd. Storrington Cream and red sandstone are quarried for the production of ashlar, flagstone (Sloan Quarry, (Sandstone, granite) and landscaping stone at the Sloan Quarry. Red granite is quarried at the Battersea Quarry) Battersea Quarry. 45 Rigbe’s Quarry Harvey Buff limestone is removed for use as weathered armoury and rockery, crushed (Limestone) aggregates and landscape stone. 46 Royel Paving Galway (Granite) Granite is quarried and crushed on site for road aggregate. 47 Senator Stone Elzevir The quarry began production in 2001. White calcitic marble is quarried (Marble) seasonally and crushed on site. Crushed material has been used as dolomitic mineral filler with lower grade used as decorative aggregate. 48 St. Lawrence Cement Inc. Cramahe The quarry has been in production since 1959. It produces between 1.9 and (Ogden Point Quarry) (Limestone, cement) 2.1 Mt of limestone per year. Crushed stone from the quarry is shipped by lake to the company's cement plant in Mississauga. The quarry employs 20 people. 49 Stone Cottage Inn Ltd. Harvey Grey limestone is quarried for dimension stone. (Attia Quarries) (Limestone) 50 Stonescape Quarry Harvey Limestone flagstone and ledgerock are quarried north of Buckhorn. (Limestone) 51 TRT Aggregates Ltd. Ameliasburgh, Rough dimension stone blocks, armour stone, flagstone and crushed limestone Tyendinaga, are produced. Most of the quarries are operated on an as-needed basis. Thurlow, Richmond (Limestone) 52 Unimin Canada Ltd. Methuen Nepheline syenite is mined from a quarry and processed in 2 mills. Magnetite (Blue Mountain Quarry) (Nepheline syenite) is produced as a by-product. Production rate is 2500 tons per day. The mine opened in 1955 and employs 152 people. 53 Upper Canada Stone Co. Ltd. Cashel, Mayo White marble is quarried and sold as crushed marble, landscaping stone, (Mephisto Lake quarry) (Calcitic marble) decorative stone and in pre-cast architectural concrete and panels. 54 Upper Canada Stone Co. Ltd. Madoc, Huntingdon Red, pink, white, green, buff, black, blue, chocolate, light buff and light green Upper Canada Minerals Inc. (Marble) marble are mined from 8 quarries in the Madoc area. Marble chips (terrazzo), exposed aggregate and landscape stone are produced at the mill. In 2001, Upper Canada Stone acquired operations of Specialty Aggregate - Madoc plant and quarries.

6 P.J. Sangster et al.

Figure 2. Producing mines and quarries in the Southwestern Ontario District in 2012 (keyed to Table 2).

7 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Table 2. Producing mines and quarries in the Southwestern Ontario District* in 2012 (keyed to Figure 2).

No. Company/Individual Township(s) Mining Activity (Mine or Quarry Name) (Commodity) 1 1590361 Ontario Ltd. Albemarle Crushed stone aggregate is produced. (operated by Amsen Quarries Ltd.) (Dolostone) 2 A & A Natural Stone Ltd. Keppel Grey dolostone is produced for use as flagstone, landscape stone and (A & A Quarry) (Dolostone) specialty aggregate. 3 Amherst Quarries (1969) Limited Anderdon, Malden Limestone is produced for landscaping and building stone products. (Limestone) 4 Amsen Quarries Ltd. Albemarle Light and dark brown dolostone is produced for use as flagstone and (Mar Quarry) (Dolostone) building stone. 5 Amsen Quarries Ltd. Amabel Light and dark brown dolostone is produced for use as flagstone and (Wiarton Quarry) (Dolostone) building stone). 6 Arriscraft International Inc. Albemarle Dolostone is produced for use as architectural stone. (Adair Marble Quarries) (Dolostone) 7 Attia Quarries Rama Stone is quarried for use as landscaping, dimension, flag and (Rama Quarry) (Dolostone) masonry stone. 8 Attia Quarries Rama Stone is quarried for use as landscaping, dimension, flag and (Seabright Quarry) (Dolostone) masonry stone. 9 Brampton Brick Ltd. Chinguacousy Queenston Formation shale is extracted for use in the company’s (Cheltenham Quarry) (Shale) brick plant. 10 Brampton Brick Ltd. Williams Shale is extracted for use in the company’s brick plant. (Hungry Hollow North Quarry) (Shale) 11 Bruce Peninsula Stone Ltd. Lindsay Dolostone is produced for landscaping and building stone products. (Lindsey Quarry) (Dolostone) 12 Bruce Peninsula Stone Ltd. Amabel Dolostone is produced for landscaping and building stone products. (Wiarton Quarry) (Dolostone) 13 Carmeuse Lime Canada Zorra Limestone is extracted, crushed and processed in on-site lime plant. (Beachville Quarry) (Limestone) 14 Century Brick Esquesing Queenston Formation shale is extracted for use in the company’s (Georgetown Quarry) (Shale) brick plant. 15 CGC Inc. Oneida An on-site wallboard plant utilizes gypsum from the mine. (Hagersville Mine) (Gypsum) 16 Credit Valley Sandstone Co. Ltd. Caledon, Chinguacousy Sandstone is extracted for construction and landscaping applications. (Sandstone, limestone) The stone has been used in many notable buildings including Toronto’s Old City Hall and Queen’s Park. 17 Cut Above Natural Stone Rama Buff brown, white, light to dark grey limestone is quarried for use as (Cut Above Natural Stone Quarry) (Limestone) armour stone, cubical weathered wallstone, flagstone and random slabs. 18 Deforest Brothers Quarry Ltd. Caledon Red, grey, buff, piebald-textured sandstone is produced for use as (Deforest Brothers Quarry) (Sandstone) steps, coping, wallstone, ledgerock and landscaping stone. 19 Dufferin Aggregates West Flamborough Dolostone is produced for use as armour, landscaping and crushed (Flamborough Quarry) (Dolostone) stone. 20 Dunnville Rock Products Limited Dunn Limestone is extracted and crushed for aggregate. (Limestone) 21 E.C. King Contracting Ltd. Sydenham High-purity dolostone is crushed for aggregate. (Sydenham Quarry) (Dolostone) 22 Ebel Quarries Inc. Amabel Light and dark brown and black dolostone is produced for use as (Ebel and Arnold Property quarries) (Dolostone) flagstone, landscaping stone, slabs, steps and wallstone. 23 Georgian Bay Marble and Stone Amabel Dolostone is produced for use as landscaping stone, steps and (Cook Quarry) (Dolostone) building stone. 24 Hanson Brick Ltd. East Flamborough Queenston Formation shale is extracted for use in the company’s (Aldershot Quarry) (Shale) brick plant.

8 P.J. Sangster et al.

No. Company/Individual Township(s) Mining Activity (Mine or Quarry Name) (Commodity) 25 Hanson Brick Ltd. East Flamborough Queenston Formation shale is extracted for use in the company’s (Burlington Quarry) (Shale) brick plant. 26 Hanson Brick Ltd. Niagara Queenston Formation shale is extracted for use in the company’s (Niagara-on-the-Lake Quarry) (Shale) brick plant. 27 Hilltop Stone and Supply Inc. Esquesing Grey and buff sandstone is quarried for use as flagstone, masonry (Hilltop Quarry) (Sandstone) stone and dimension stone. 28 Hope Bay Quarry Inc. Albemarle Dolostone is extracted for gravel and armour stone. (Dolostone) 29 JADE Hardwoods Inc. Bosanquet Shale is extracted. (Thedford Quarry) (Shale) 30 James Lamb Rama Crushed stone aggregate is produced. (Dolostone) 31 Lafarge Canada Inc. West Flamborough Dolostone is crushed for use as high-quality aggregate (Dundas Quarry) (Dolostone) 32 Lafarge Canada Inc. Zorra A subsidiary of Lafarge North America operates a limestone quarry (Woodstock Quarry) (Limestone) and cement plant near Woodstock. In September 2008, the company announced that the plant will cease production of clinker and remain as a grinding and packaging operation (Woodstock Sentinel Review, September 11, 2008). 33 Limberlost Stone Inc. Albemarle Light and dark brown and grey dolostone is quarried for use as (Limberlost Quarry) (Dolostone) flagstone, landscaping stone, steps, slabs, coping and coursing. 34 Lions Head Stone Quarry Lindsay Limestone is produced for use as splitface, landscape and armour (Limestone) stone and flagstone. 35 MAQ Aggregates Orillia Operated by Gott Natural Stone ’99 Inc. (Hewitt Property Quarry) (Limestone) 36 Owen Sound Ledgerock Ltd. Albemarle Dolostone is produced for use as custom cut and architectural cut (Hope Bay Quarry) (Dolostone) stone, masonry, ledgerock wallstone, marble tiles and slabs and landscape stone. 37 Owen Sound Ledgerock Ltd. Keppel Dolostone is produced for use as custom cut and architectural cut (Owen Sound Quarry) (Dolostone) stone, masonry, ledgerock wallstone, marble tiles and slabs and landscape stone. 38 Owen Sound Ledgerock Ltd. Amabel Dolostone is produced for use as custom cut and architectural cut (Senesun and Wiarton quarries) (Dolostone) stone, masonry, ledgerock wallstone, marble tiles and slabs and landscape stone. 39 Rama Stone Quarries Ltd. Rama The quarry is operated by Fowler Construction. Granitic gneiss is (Fleming Quarry) (Gneiss) quarried for use as flagstone, building, landscaping, masonry and crushed stone. 40 Rice and McHarg Ltd. Esquesing Grey and buff sandstone is produced for use as flagstone, masonry (Rice and McHarg Quarry) (Sandstone) and landscaping stone. 41 Rockleith Quarry Ltd. Orillia Beige, tan and blue-gold limestone and dolomitic limestone is (Rockleith Quarry) (Limestone) produced for use as dimensional building stone. 42 Sifto Canada Corporation Goderich This is the largest underground salt mine in the world. The company (Goderich Mine and brine fields) (Salt, salt in brine) also produces salt from an adjacent brine field (A) operation. Most production is distributed via Great Lakes shipping. In 2012, the mine continued a 5-year, $70 million expansion program started in 2008. 43 Speiran Quarries Ltd. Rama The quarry is operated by Gott Natural Stone ’99 Inc. White (Speiran Quarry) (Limestone) limestone is produced for use as flagstone, landscaping stone, waterfall slabs, retaining wall blocks and steps. 44 St. Lawrence Cement Inc. Toronto St. Lawrence Cement Inc. operates a cement plant and adjacent shale (Mississauga Quarry) (Shale) quarry. Limestone is shipped to the plant from Ogden Point quarry on Lake Ontario at Colborne. 45 St. Marys Cement Inc. Darlington Limestone quarry and cement plant at Bowmanville. (Bowmanville Quarry) (Limestone)

9 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

No. Company/Individual Township(s) Mining Activity (Mine or Quarry Name) (Commodity) 46 St. Marys Cement Inc. Blanshard Limestone quarry and cement plant complex at St. Marys. (St. Marys Quarry) (Limestone) 47 The Canadian Salt Company Ltd. Sandwich Underground workings are adjacent to international border. The (Ojibway Mine and brine fields) (Salt, salt in brine) company also produces salt from an adjacent brine field (B) operation. 48 The Wiarton Buckskin Quarry Co. Amabel Brown-beige dolostone is produced for use as flagstone, steps, slabs Ltd. (Dolostone) and curbing stone. 49 Vinemount Quarries Saltfleet Limestone is extracted for aggregate. (Limestone) 50 Wiarton Stone Quarry Inc. Amabel Light brown, grey/beige and black dolostone is quarried for use as (Wiarton Stone Quarry) (Dolostone) flagstone, steps, waterfall stone and curbing stone. *All oil and gas production in Ontario occurs in the Southwestern Ontario District. For information on oil and gas exploration and development activity in Ontario in 2012, please refer to the report of the Petroleum Resources Centre (this volume).

Sifto Canada (www.siftocanada.com) employs 490 people in the Goderich facilities. The Goderich Mine is the largest underground salt mine in the world. It has been operating for more than 50 years, producing 150 million tonnes of salt and has defined resources for an additional 100 years of production. For more information on the Goderich Mine, see “Property Examinations”.

The Canadian Salt Company Limited, also known as Windsor Salt (www.windsorsalt.com), is a part of Morton International Inc. Windsor Salt is a leader in modern salt processing methods, and is now Canada’s largest salt producer. It extracts both rock salt from the underground Ojibway Mine and vacuum salt from nearby brine wells in Windsor.

Salt was discovered in Windsor in 1891. The Ojibway underground mine has been in operation since 1955 and is currently mining salt at a level of 290 m beneath the city. The evaporation facility has been in operation since 1928. Salt products include road de-icing, water softening, agricultural and chemical fine salt.

Windsor is an ideal location for distribution of salt to the Great Lakes region in the United States and Canada. A deep- water port allows most of the production to be shipped by lake vessel, rail and road transportation. Windsor Salt employs over 300 people at the Ojibway Mine and adjacent brine well field. In February 2012, the company announced layoffs of probationary staff related to reduced demand for de-icing salt following mild winter weather conditions (The Windsor Star, February 8, 2012).

Brick and Shale In 2012, there were 4 companies operating clay brick or tile plants in southwestern Ontario, all of which extract Queenston Formation shale as raw material. Total value of production in 2012 was $113 million.

Hanson Brick Ltd. (www.hansonbrick.com) operates 3 brick plants in Burlington and 1 in Aldershot, with shale quarries located at Niagara-on-the-Lake, Burlington and Aldershot. Hanson, part of the Heidelberg Cement Group, is North America’s largest brick manufacturer with a total capacity of more than 1.7 billion brick units per year. Of that total, 415 million units or approximately 25% are produced in Ontario. For the first 9 months of 2012, the company reported that, although there were significant decreases in North American sales of some building products such as paving stones and roof tiles, the bricks sales achieved a “pleasing increase” above the same period in 2011. The increase is attributed to both a recovery in residential construction and an early start to the construction season with milder than normal weather in the spring (Heidelberg Cement, www.heidelbergcement.com, “Interim Financial Report, January to September 2012”). The company employs a 130 people at its Ontario facilities.

Hanson Brick recycles clean brick waste aggregate for landscaping, green roof construction and for re-use in the brick-making process.

Brampton Brick Ltd. (www.bramptonbrick.com) operates North America’s single largest clay brick plant in Brampton, with production capacity of 300 million units per year. About 500 000 t of Queenston Formation shale is extracted annually from the Cheltenham quarry for the plant, which employs 75 people. During the first 9 months of 2012,

10 P.J. Sangster et al.

brick sales in Canada were higher than during the same period in 2011, in part due to favourable weather conditions early in 2012. Revenues in the Masonry Products business segment for the nine-month period increased to $54.01 million from $43.01 million, an increase of 26% over the same period in 2011 (Brampton Brick Ltd., news release, November 8, 2012).

In December 2008, the company applied for re-zoning in order to open a shale quarry at Norval, about 10 km west of Brampton. In 2002, the “Northwest Brampton Shale Resources Review”, initiated by the City of Brampton, recommended the area designated as the “Norval Deposit of Queenston Shale” be reduced from 1377 ha to 180 ha. Brampton Brick purchased a 35 ha portion of the deposit and proposes to create an excavation area of 9.35 ha. The proposed extraction rate is 200 000 tonnes per year and total yield is projected to be 5.8 million tonnes. In addition to providing security of shale supply for the Brampton plant, shale at the Norval site contains lower amounts of chloride and sulphate than the shale from the Cheltenham quarry. The 2 shales would be blended to produce a new product line of buff-burning bricks. In January 2011, the application was appealed to the Ontario Municipal Board. At the September 26, 2012, Council meeting, staff received direction to re-confirm the City’s initial objection to Brampton Brick’s Aggregate Resources Act licence application. The City has initiated a second round of peer reviews to assess new materials received from Brampton Brick. Once the final results of the peer review and the social impact review are complete, staff will hold an open house to present the findings and seek feedback from the public and stakeholders in early 2013 (City of Brampton, www.brampton.ca (under Business, Services, Planning and Development, Projects and Studies, “Norval Quarry Re-Zoning Planning Application”)).

Brampton Brick has initiated a program of recycling mineral wool substrate used in greenhouse growing operations. The material, which is usually discarded at the end of a growing cycle, is now replacing 20% (by volume) of the shale used in the brick-making process, thereby extending the life of the quarry and decreasing the amount of substrate that is disposed of in landfills (Buchan 2010).

Paisley Brick and Tile Co. Ltd. quarries shale from the Hungry Hollow quarry (owned by Brampton Brick) in Williams Township for its plant in the village of Paisley. The operation employs 14 people.

Jazbrick, a Canadian company with its head office in Toronto operates the Century Brick Ltd. plant in Hamilton and the Rexdale Brick plant in Rexdale. In November 2010, a subsidiary of Jazbrick, Limehouse Clay Products Ltd. that operates the Halton Hills shale quarry near Georgetown to supply shale for the Jazbrick plants, applied for a site plan amendment to deepen the quarry by 5 m with potential extraction below the water table. In October 2012, the Niagara Escarpment Commission approved the proposal and the company is proceeding with the plan amendment (Niagara Escarpment Commission, www.escarpment.org (under Commission, Minutes, October 18, 2012)).

Cement There are 6 quarries and 6 modern processing plants in southern Ontario between Kingston in the southeast and St. Marys in the southwest. Production figures for 2012 show cement production in Ontario was valued at more than $598 million, representing over 40% of the total value of cement production in Canada (Natural Resources Canada 2013).

With the exception of Federal White Cement, each company has port facilities for Great Lakes shipping. The Bath, Picton, Bowmanville and Mississauga plants export significant production to the United States.

Combined, the companies have 11 cement kilns with a total clinker production capacity of over 8.1 million tonnes per year. Primary-stage clinker production is more indicative of ultimate cement production capacity because this is the most capital and energy-intensive stage and clinker can be stockpiled for later use or sale (Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Minerals Yearbook, 2005).

In 2012, the Cement Association of Canada released its fourth biennial report that documents environmental improvements by cement producers (Cement Association of Canada, www.cement.ca (under Publications, 2012 Environmental Performance Report)). From 2002 to 2010, energy efficiency in Canadian cement manufacturing has improved by 11% and carbon dioxide emission intensity has decreased steadily since 2002. Canadian cement and concrete sales are valued at over $3.2 billion annually and provide over 27 000 direct and indirect jobs.

11 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Cement sales in the United States improved modestly in 2012 from a 28-year low recorded in 2011, with a slight recovery in the construction industry. In Canada, production fell from 14.4 million tonnes in 2007 to 11.6 million tonnes in 2010 and, for 2011, was projected at 11.0 million tonnes (Diekmeyer 2011). St. Marys Cement (Canada) Inc., a subsidiary of Votorantim Cimentos, operates limestone quarry and cement plant complexes at Bowmanville and St. Marys. St. Marys Cement employs a total of 245 people at its Ontario facilities.

In 2009, the St. Marys plant installed a carbon dioxide remediation and renewable fuel production system as a pilot project with Pond Biofuels of Scarborough. The system diverts part of the emissions from the plant’s exhaust stack into a half-acre “algae farm” of tubes. The algae absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen and will be harvested to be tested as a source of biofuel for the plant and company vehicles. Work on improvements to the pilot plant system continued in 2012 and the company anticipates construction of a full-scale plant in 2014 that would create 20 to 45 full-time jobs (Daniszewski 2013).

Lafarge Canada Inc., a subsidiary of Lafarge North America operates limestone quarry and cement plant complexes at Bath near Kingston and near Woodstock. In 2008, the company ceased clinker production at the Woodstock plant, retaining it as a grinding and packing plant only. At the Bath plant, in 2010, the company initiated a program with biotechnology firm, Performance Plants, to grow biomass crops on approximately 2500 acres of land surrounding the cement plant. The crops will be harvested and used as fuel to replace a portion of the 110 000 tonnes of coal and petroleum coke required by the plant each year. In 2012, the company prepared an application for Environmental Compliance Approval for the use of low-carbon fuels (harvested plant and forest sources) for use in the cement kiln (Cement 2020 project, www.cement2020.com (under Publications, “Permanent Biomass ECA (Environmental Compliance Application) with Limited Operational Flexibility”, “Application Package Description”)). The company employs 105 people at the Bath site.

Holcim (Canada) Inc. (formerly St. Lawrence Cement Inc.) (www.holcim.com) operates a cement plant and adjacent shale quarry in Mississauga. Limestone is shipped to this cement plant from the company’s Ogden Point quarry located on Lake Ontario at Colborne. The total number of employees at these operations is about 200. The company closed its Mount Royal office in 2007 and moved all corporate administrative functions to Concord, Ontario, following minority acquisition by the Swiss company, Holcim Ltd., one of the world’s largest suppliers of cement and aggregates. In 2011, Holcim Canada reported that a decline in construction activity, rising price pressure, particularly in the ready-mix concrete business, and higher cement manufacturing costs had a negative impact on the income statement. In North America, Holcim’s 2011 cement sales increased slightly to 11.4 million tonnes from 11.1 million tonnes in 2010— a trend that the company expected to continue through 2012 (Holcim Inc., www.holcim.com, news release, February 29, 2012).

ESSROC Canada Inc., a subsidiary of Italcementi Group, operates a quarry and cement plant at Picton with production capacity of about 1.2 million tonnes of clinker. In 2009, the company spent about $10 million on the plant facilities, primarily in improvements to the bag house filter system in order to comply with new particulate matter emission limits. The new system ensures that all kiln dust is returned to the kiln process, reducing dust emissions and eliminating the need for removal of the material to landfill sites (Cement Association of Canada, www.cement.ca (under Publications, Canadian Cement Industry 2010 Sustainability Report)). The company employs 136 people at the Picton site.

Italcementi reported that sales of cement and clinker in North America increased by 0.1% in the first 3 quarters of 2012 over the same period in 2011 and that the forecast for 2013 is for sales to remain relatively flat (Italcementi Group, www.italcementigroup.com (under Investor Relations, “Q3 2012 Results”)).

Federal White Cement Ltd. operates a specialized white architectural cement plant near Woodstock using limestone purchased from local quarries. The plant employs about 50 people.

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Update on Aggregate Quarry Proposals

In 2010, the Ministry of Natural Resources released a study on the “State of Aggregate Resources in Ontario” that reported • Ontario has consumed an average of 164 million tonnes of aggregate per year with future average annual consumption projected at 186 million tonnes over the next 20 years. • The Greater Toronto Area (GTA) uses about one-third of the aggregate consumed in Ontario each year. • Aggregate is required in large quantities in economically active regions and growth centres. High bulk and low per-unit value places constraints on transport distances. The resource must be extracted as close as possible to the end user. • Ontario has abundant and high-quality aggregate deposits close to high-demand areas. However, 93% of the unlicenced bedrock resources have overlapping environmental, planning and agricultural constraints. • Mega-quarries and underground mining are the most feasible alternative sources of aggregate.

Difficulties in obtaining licences to open new aggregate quarries within 75 km of the Greater Toronto Area, as recommended in the “State of Aggregate Resources in Ontario” report, continued in 2012.

St. Marys Cement Ltd. is proposing to open a limestone quarry on 154 ha (380 acres) of land on Concession XI, lots 1, 2 and 3, City of Hamilton (former Township of East Flamborough). The St. Marys Flamborough Quarry is projected to produce 3 million tonnes of dolostone a year for the next 25 to 30 years. The proposal was initiated in 2004 by a previous owner and has been continued by St. Marys since purchasing the land in 2006. In April 2010, citing concerns over the threat to groundwater, wetlands and streams, the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing imposed a Minister’s Zoning Order stating that the site must remain under the current land use designation, which is predominantly rural and conservation management. This is the first case in which a Minister’s Zoning Order has been used in response to an aggregate permit application in Ontario. St. Marys Cement appealed this decision to the Ontario Municipal Board (OMB) and, in April 2011, the government issued a Declaration of Provincial Interest that gave it licence to overturn any Ontario Municipal Board decision. In May 2011, St. Marys filed a Notice of Arbitration under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) seeking damages of not less than $US275 million in compensation for the loss, harm, injury, loss of reputation and damage imposed by various governments. The company also filed an Application for Judicial Review by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice. In 2012, the issue was still before the courts, with the possibility that the Premier and senior cabinet ministers may be required to testify regarding the decision to prevent the quarry from being developed (Pecoskie 2013).

In 2012, St. Marys Cement announced its intention to study the feasibility of mining limestone aggregate from under Lake Ontario offshore from its current operation in Bowmanville. The proposal, submitted to the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines, envisages a multiyear off-shore drilling program to determine the existence of high-quality limestone aggregate. Underground aggregate mining has been used in 86 active mines across the United States, and the world’s largest underground salt mine is located below Lake Huron at Goderich (St. Marys Cement, Proposed Bowmanville Aggregate Expansion, www.bowmanvilleexpansion.ca, news release, June 27, 2012).

In March 2011, The Highland Companies applied to the Township of Melancthon for a zoning by-law amendment in order to proceed with an application for an aggregate licence with the Ministry of Natural Resources within a 937 ha property near the town of Shelburne that is currently used by the company as potato farmland. The proposed quarry was to contain 150 million tonnes of reserves of Amabel Formation dolostone and was to produce in excess of 10 million tonnes per year. In July 2011, the Council of the Township of Melancthon passed a resolution to request that the Ministry of the Environment conduct a Full Environmental Assessment of the Highland Companies quarry application and in September 2011, the Minister of the Environment and the Minister of Natural Resources agreed that the company would be required to complete a full Environmental Assessment for the proposed quarry. In November 2012, the company withdrew its application to develop the quarry, citing lack of support from the community and from government for the project (Township of Melancthon, news release, November 21, 2012, (www.melancthontownship.ca, under “Highland Companies Quarry”)).

13 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Dimension and Building Stone

WIARTON AREA QUARRIES The Wiarton area on the Bruce Peninsula in southwestern Ontario is the centre of the province’s dimension stone industry. As of 2012, 22 quarries were licenced under the Aggregate Resources Act to extract dimension stone for building, landscaping and flagstone markets in the County of Bruce. An additional 15 quarries are licenced to extract stone in the neighbouring County of Grey. There are several additional sites in the Wiarton area that are currently in preparation for licencing under the Aggregate Resources Act. Rowell (2012) identifies, as provincially significant, bedrock resources in the County of Bruce and also provides details of national and provincial parks, physical, cultural and environmental constraints including the Niagara Escarpment Plan, which will limit development of resources within that area for dimension stone as well as crushed stone aggregate.

SANDSTONE QUARRIES The first of many sandstone quarries near the Forks of the Credit River was opened in 1840. Edward Townsend and his sons operated the largest quarry in the area, which was sold to Torontonian Jack Murray in 1898 for $300 000, then later to Francis and William Rogers in 1909. William Norrie, who purchased the quarry in 1930, was the final owner, naming his operations Credit Valley Quarries. Previously, product from the area was known as Credit Valley stone.

Credit Valley stone was used in the construction of a number of notable projects in Toronto including Old City Hall, the Parliament Building, pillars at Union Station, and the Timothy Eaton Memorial Church.

There is a perennial demand for Credit Valley sandstone for new projects as well as an overwhelming demand for restoration of many historic sandstone buildings in the Greater Toronto Area.

In southeastern Ontario near Kingston, Potsdam Formation sandstone (of Cambrian age) is quarried and processed as dimension stone in a variety of finishes for stone veneer, lintels, headers, steps, stone blocks and archways. The stone is used for restoration projects in Canada and the United States as well as for new building projects (www.rideauviewcontracts.com). Potsdam Formation sandstone is also a popular landscaping stone.

ORILLIA AREA QUARRIES Five companies operate a total of 7 dimension-stone quarries in Rama Township near Orillia. Paleozoic limestone of the Gull River Formation is extracted for a variety of applications including landscape, masonry and armour stone. Each of the companies has some form of on-site processing to split and/or cut stone to customer specifications. In 2012, the Seabright Quarry, owned by Attia quarries, was successfully brought into production. Dolostone from the Gull River Formation is extracted for use as landscape and dimension stone (Ontario Dimension Stone Directory, 2012; E. Attia, Attia Quarries, personal communication, January 2012). All of these quarries are situated on lands where both Mining and Surface Rights are privately owned.

PETERBOROUGH AREA QUARRIES There has been a long history of dimension production in the Peterborough area. In 2012, 6 companies operated 6 dimension-stone quarries in the Peterborough area. Stone from these quarries is produced for export as well as for local markets.

In 4 of the quarries, Paleozoic limestone of the Gull River Formation is extracted for a variety of applications including landscape, masonry and armour stone. Each of the companies has some form of on-site processing to split and/or cut stone to customer specifications. The Parnell quarry in Galway Township is located on a contact between the Paleozoic sedimentary rock and Proterozoic metamorphic rock of the Canadian Shield. In addition to Gull River Formation dolostone, wine-coloured granite has been quarried at this site. At the Plourde quarry in Chandos Township, a blue-grey interbedded marble and amphibolite unit is quarried to produce “Elite Blue” dimension stone. Four of these quarries are situated on lands where both Mining and Surface Rights are privately owned. The remaining 2 quarries are located on Crown land (Ontario Dimension Stone Directory, 2012).

14 P.J. Sangster et al.

ADVANCED EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Gold

UPPER CANADA GOLD CORPORATION – DINGMAN PROSPECT The Dingman property straddles the boundary between the townships of Madoc (Concession I, Lot 19) and Marmora (Concession XI, Lot 19) several kilometres north of the historic Deloro mines, which produced about 14 000 ounces of gold prior to 1908.

In 1985, gold was discovered on the property in a small granodioritic body within a marble belt about 800 m north of the Deloro granite. Noranda Exploration acquired the property in 1986 and conducted surface exploration followed by a diamond-drilling program in 1987 and 1988. Noranda calculated probable and possible reserves (National Instrument (NI) 43-101–non-compliant) of 8.5 million tons grading 0.043 ounces gold per ton, which is significantly more gold than the total of all past production in southeastern Ontario (>200 000 ounces versus 38 000 ounces). Gold occurs as fine, native grains within quartz stringers and at quartz-sericite grain boundaries in altered granodiorite. The strongest alteration and quartz veining are within north-northeast-trending shear zones, containing green sericite and blue quartz eyes, which cut across an earlier 060° foliation in the granite. Additional details of geology and past exploration programs are described by Sangster et al. (2008, 2010).

In 2010, Upper Canada Gold Corporation acquired the mineral rights to the Dingman property and completed a diamond-drilling program to test the Dingman gold zone at depth and to better define gold resources within the open pit area defined by previous exploration programs. An NI 43-101 mineral resource report was completed for Upper Canada Gold Corporation in December, 2010, by Scott Wilson Roscoe Postle Associates Inc. (Scott Wilson RPA). Key information from that report was announced by Upper Canada Gold Corporation (Upper Canada Gold Corporation, news release, filed February 8, 2011 with SEDAR®, see SEDAR Home Page) and is summarized here: The updated estimate used the 2010 Upper Canada drill holes as well as data from 88 holes drilled by previous property holders and the results of previous channel sampling. The mineral resource estimate, at a cut-off grade of 0.40 g/t Au, is • Indicated mineral resources of 11.6 million tonnes averaging 0.97 g/t Au (361 000 ounces contained gold). • Inferred mineral resources of 1.7 million tonnes averaging 0.73 g/t Au (40 000 ounces contained gold). In addition to the mineral resources defined within the open pit design area, Scott Wilson RPA estimates an additional exploration target on the Dingman property of 8 million to 14 million tonnes at an average grade of 0.8 g/t to 1.0 g/t Au with potential for 200 000 to 450 000 contained ounces of gold, based upon diamond drill intersections at depth and along strike.

In 2011, the company contracted Dillon Consulting Limited of Toronto to begin a baseline environmental survey on the property (T. Sills, Upper Canada Gold Corporation, personal communication, October 2011). In 2012, the company continued the environmental survey while exploration work was on hold, pending the resolution of an access and land disturbance compensation agreement with the surface rights owners.

Graphite

Demand for graphite began to increase in 2009 and continued to increase into 2012. In 2012, the majority of the world’s graphite was produced by China.

The United States Geological Survey (2012, p.69) predicts that “advances in thermal technology and acid-leaching techniques ... [will] lead to development of new applications for graphite in high-technology fields. Such innovative refining techniques have enabled the use of graphite in carbon-graphite composites, electronics, foils, friction materials, and special lubricant applications. Flexible graphite product lines ... are likely to be the fastest growing market.” Graphite also has many important new applications, such as lithium ion batteries, fuel cells, and nuclear and solar power, that have the potential to create significant incremental demand growth. “Large-scale fuel-cell applications are being developed that could consume as much graphite as all other uses combined.”

15 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

There has been a revolution in science and technology that has further revitalized interest in natural flake graphite as an exploration target, not just in Canada, but around the world. It is anticipated that the demand will only continue to grow. In 2010, the Nobel Prize® in Physics was awarded to 2 scientists at the University of Manchester “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene” (www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2010/).

Graphene is an allotrope of carbon just one atom thick. It is a superior conductor of both electricity and heat. It is almost completely transparent, yet so dense that not even helium, the smallest gas atom, can pass through it. There is considerable speculation as to a host of potential practical applications for graphene including the creation of new materials and the development of innovative electronics. There are currently 3 advanced exploration and development graphite projects in southern Ontario and a growing number of grassroots projects. In 2012, 2 companies continued advanced exploration and development of graphite projects in eastern Ontario: Northern Graphite’s Bissett Creek deposit, Maria Township; and Ontario Graphite’s Kearney deposit, Butt Township. Mega Graphite Inc. continued to evaluate the company’s Bedford Township and Burgess Township deposits, but no additional exploration work was done.

ONTARIO GRAPHITE LTD. – KEARNEY MINE

Ontario Graphite Ltd. (www.ontariographite.com) is a privately owned Canadian mining company currently re- commissioning the Kearney Mine in Butt Township, near Huntsville. The company reports that, when reactivated, the mine will process an estimated 1 million tonnes of ore per year to produce 20 000 tonnes of natural, large flake, high-carbon graphite concentrate.

The deposit was first brought into production in 1989 and remained operational through 1994, during which time it achieved a peak production rate of 10 000 tonnes per annum of flake graphite product. The mine has been under new ownership and management since 2007. An NI 43-101 report, completed in January 2010, confirmed 43.5 million tonnes of Measured and Indicated Resources (2.34% Cg[6] average) and 12.3 million tonnes of Inferred Resources (2.42% Cg average).

A Closure Plan was submitted and accepted by MNDM in March, 2012 (Ontario Graphite Ltd., news release, March 5, 2012). The company hopes to begin production in 2013.

NORTHERN GRAPHITE CORPORATION – BISSETT CREEK DEPOSIT

Northern Graphite Corporation (www.northerngraphite.com) continued the evaluation of the Bissett Creek graphite deposit in Maria Township. The property is located in northern Renfrew County, in the Southern Ontario Mining Division, but is approximately 2 km north of the boundary of the Southern Ontario Resident Geologist Region. In January 2012, the company, a subsidiary of Industrial Minerals Inc., reported positive results from pilot plant tests on a 130 tonne bulk sample of graphitic ore taken in 2011 (Northern Graphite Corporation, news release, January 11, 2012): final concentrates of flake graphite averaged almost 80% +80 mesh, of which 50% averaged +48 mesh at 97.7% Cg).

In July 2012, the company reported a positive Bankable Feasibility Study, proposing development of an open pit mine and a 2300 tonnes per day flotation processing plant. The report lists NI 43-101–compliant probable reserves of 11.98 million tonnes averaging 1.89% Cg (Northern Graphite Corporation, news release, July 9, 2012).

In October 2012, the company began a 3000 m diamond-drilling program intended to upgrade inferred resources to the indicated category in the area of the proposed open pit shell.

In January 2013, the company awarded a $3.5 million contract for the detailed design of a 2500 tonnes per day processing facility and related infrastructure. The plant, designed to produce 20 000 tonnes of large flake, high- purity graphite per year, is scheduled to begin production in late 2014 (Northern Graphite Corporation, news release, January 18, 2013).

6 “Cg” is a calculated value: graphite as carbon = total carbon less the amount of carbon present as CO2.

16 P.J. Sangster et al.

MEGA GRAPHITE INC. – BEDFORD PROJECT AND BURGESS PROJECT

In 2011, Mega Graphite Inc. (www.megagraphite.com) acquired the Bedford and Burgess graphite prospects previously held by Cardinal Explorations Inc. Both properties contain flake graphite in marble and paragneiss and are described in detail by MacKinnon and LeBaron (1992).

The Bedford property consists of 37 contiguous claims in Bedford Township, approximately 45 km north of Kingston and includes the Burridge (Graphite Mountain) property. Diamond drilling of the Meadow zone in 1999– 2000, consisting of 18 holes, totalling 900 m, indicated a potentially large deposit of high-grade, coarse flake graphite occurring along a 300 m strike length. Values of over 17% graphitic carbon have been reported in graphitic schist. An NI 43-101–non-compliant resource of 3 million tonnes at a grade of 3.5% graphitic carbon was published by previous owners. Other graphite zones are known to occur within the property, although, to date, only a few of these have been subjected to preliminary testing.

The North Burgess property consists of 14 contiguous claims situated approximately 25 km northeast of the Bedford property, near the town of Westport and includes the Timmins graphite mine site, which produced 2500 tonnes of graphite concentrate in 1919. When the prospect was explored further in the 1950s, a deposit was outlined by exploratory diamond drilling and trenching over a strike length of 140 m, reported to be 8% graphitic carbon. Subsequent exploration in the 1980s identified additional graphite-bearing zones. From that work, an estimated graphite resource of 940 000 tons @ 7% Cg was reported (NI 43-101 non-compliant). Processing and separation tests were also conducted at that time (McKinnon and LeBaron 1992).

Airborne geophysical surveys were completed over the entire property in 2009 by Cardinal Explorations Inc. and an NI 43-101 report was completed for Mega Graphite Inc. in 2011 (Winter 2011).

In 2012, the company was involved in an attempt to acquire a graphite deposit in Australia and did no additional work on the Bedford and Burgess projects (Mega Graphite Inc., news release, November 12, 2012).

Wollastonite CANADIAN WOLLASTONITE – ST. LAWRENCE DEPOSIT

Canadian Wollastonite (www.canadianwollastonite.com) is a privately held company incorporated in Ontario in 2001. The company owns just over 110 ha encompassing a large portion of the St. Lawrence wollastonite deposit north of Kingston near the community of Seeley’s Bay. The company’s sole objective is the commercial development of this deposit. To date, the company has invested just over $3 million (B. Vasily, Canadian Wollastonite, personal communication, October 2011) used to complete • over 150 bench and continuous flow trials of grinding and beneficiation methods resulting in a new breakthrough processing technology • sampling and orebody definition • 11 environmental and social impact assessment studies • planning and permits

In 2012, Canadian Wollastonite continued to work toward the development of the St. Lawrence wollastonite deposit. The size of the deposit is estimated at over 9 million tons and, when it is fully developed, it will be the first active source of wollastonite production in Canada. In late 2012, MNDM accepted the Closure Plan submitted by the company enabling mining to begin. Initial commercial production will be under 20 000 tonnes of ore that will be sold to non-traditional markets including for cement, plant and animal nutrition products. The company has also developed a diopside co-product with environmental applications. This is the first new mine to be opened in southern Ontario in 3 decades (B. Vasily, Canadian Wollastonite, personal communication, December 2012).

Construction of a beneficiation and milling plant to produce high aspect ratio wollastonite products is planned for 2013 (Industrial Minerals, February 7, 2012, online article).

17 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

The last several years have seen the company pass a number of important milestones: • 2004: site preparation, 3 shallow pits and plant engineering initiated • 2005: development of beneficiation process for the wollastonite ore • 2006: detailed engineering for the final process and plant design initiated • 2007–2008: process engineering modified, final environmental testing undertaken, plans prepared for construction pilot plant and evaluation of low-iron diopside as potential co-product • 2009: municipal zoning and permitting issues resolved • 2010: successful testing of diopside for markets in metallurgical process and in plant and animal nutrition products; successful testing of granite host rock as high-quality friction aggregate (Ministry of Transportation of Ontario) • 2011: submission of Closure Plan to MNDM as required to advance into production under the Mining Act. Plans are for a phased development of the deposit with the first phase being a pilot plant operation to prove markets for top-grade wollastonite before moving into full production. • 2012: decision of Ontario Municipal Board in favour of zoning change to allow mining • 2012: Closure Plan accepted by MNDM in December 2012. Deposit brought into production. Ore crushed offsite for shipping to meet first contract. Full production including construction of on-site plant to begin 2013.

EXPLORATION ACTIVITY Assessment files received for the Southeastern Ontario District are listed in Table 3. Exploration activity is listed in Table 4 and locations of exploration projects are shown in Figure 3. The vast majority of exploration in southwestern Ontario occurs on private land where there is no requirement for the submission of assessment work.

Table 3. Assessment files received in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012.

Abbreviations AEM ...... Airborne electromagnetic survey IP ...... Induced polarization survey AM ...... Airborne magnetic survey Lc ...... Line cutting ARA ...... Airborne radiometric survey Met ...... Metallurgical testing Beep ...... Beep Mat survey OD ...... Overburden drilling Bulk ...... Bulk sampling ODH ...... Overburden drill hole(s) DD ...... Diamond drilling PEM ...... Pulse electromagnetic survey DDH ...... Diamond-drill hole(s) PGM ...... Platinum group metals DGP ...... Down-hole geophysics Pr ...... Prospecting GC ...... Geochemical survey RES ...... Resistivity survey GEM ...... Ground electromagnetic survey Samp ...... Sampling (other than bulk) GL ...... Geological survey Seismic ...... Seismic survey GM ...... Ground magnetic survey SP ...... Self-potential survey GRA ...... Ground radiometric survey Str ...... Stripping Grav ...... Gravity survey Tr ...... Trenching HLEM ...... Horizontal loop electromagnetic survey UG ...... Underground exploration/development HM ...... Heavy mineral sampling VLEM ...... Vertical loop electromagnetic survey IM ...... Industrial mineral testing and marketing VLFEM ...... Very low frequency electromagnetic survey

No. Township or Area Company Name Year Type of Work AFRO Resident Geologist (Commodity) Number Office File Designation 1 Anglesea (Au) R. Lawrence 2010 Pr 2.50978 46 2 Barrie (Au) D. Milligan 2012 GC, Samp 2.51327 114 3 Barrie (Au) M. Forget 2011 GC, GL, Pr, Samp 2.50985 113 4 Belmont (Cu, Ni, PGM) First Nickel Inc. 2011 AEM, AM 2.50372 28

18 P.J. Sangster et al.

No. Township or Area Company Name Year Type of Work AFRO Resident Geologist (Commodity) Number Office File Designation 5 Butt (Graphite) Ontario Graphite Ltd. 2012 IP, AM, HLEM 2.52798 64 6 Butt (Graphite) R.J. Basserman 2011 GL 2.49344 63 7 Butt (Graphite) V.E. Sheehan 2011 Pr 2.49918 62 8 Cardiff (U, REE) Skead Holdings Ltd. 2012 Samp 2.51259 245 9 Cardiff (U, REE) Skead Holdings Ltd. 2011, 2012 Samp 2.51493 247 10 Cashel (Talc) R.S. Levitt 2011 Pr 2.50336 20 11 Clara (Garnet) R. Brunette, E. Boudreau 2012 Samp, Pr, Str, GRA 2.53004 1 12 Effingham R. Lawrence 2011, 2012 Pr 2.50617 14 (Au, PGM, Diamond) 13 Galway (Syenite Trap Rock) 1447136 Ontario Inc. 2011, 2012 DD 2.51901 69 14 Galway (Vermiculite) M.K. McGill 2012 Lc 2.52556 70 15 Grimsthorpe (Au) J. Chard, R. Dillman 2012 VLFEM 2.52604 91 16 Grimsthorpe (Au) J. Chard, R. Dillman 2011, 2012 GC, Samp 2.50733 90 17 Hungerford (Granite) Danford Granite Ltd. 2011 GC 2.50103 9 18 Kaladar (Au) D. Baird 2012 GC, Pr, Samp 2.52507 74 19 Lake (Cu, Ni, PGM) First Nickel Inc. 2012 Samp, Pr 2.52218 33 20 Laurier (Graphite) Galaxy Graphite Corp. 2012 Lc, GM, VLFEM 2.52549 1 21 Limerick (Cu, Ni, PGM) First Nickel Inc. 2011, 2012 Samp, DD, Pr 2.51798 25 22 Lyndoch (Cu, Ni, PGM) G. Crawford, W. Crawford 2011 Pr 2.50935 52 23 Marmora (Au) Upper Canada Gold 2010, 2011 Samp, DD 2.49810 109 Corporation 24 Marmora (Cu, Ni, PGM) First Nickel Inc. 2012 Samp, Pr 2.52255 110 25 Marmora (Cu, Ni, PGM) First Nickel Inc. 2012 Samp, Pr 2.52392 111 26 Marmora (Cu, Ni, PGM) First Nickel Inc. 2012 Samp, Pr 2.52373 112 27 Marmora (Cu, Ni, PGM) First Nickel Inc. 2012 Samp, Pr 2.52394 113 28 Marmora (Cu, Ni, PGM) First Nickel Inc. 2012 Samp, Pr 2.52393 114 29 Methuen (Ilmenite) Trigan Resources Inc. 2011 GL 2.50158 57 30 Monmouth, Cardiff Skead Holdings Ltd., 2012 GEM 2.52092 171, 246 (U, REE) CJP Exploration Inc. 31 Murchison A.A. Reed 2012 Pr 2.52286 8 (Silica, Pegmatite) 32 Raglan (Cu, Ni, PGM) First Nickel Inc. 2012 Samp, DD 2.52270 38 33 Wollaston (Cu, Ni, PGM) First Nickel Inc. 2012 Samp, DD 2.52256 16

19 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Table 4. Exploration activity in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012 (keyed to Figure 3).

Abbreviations AEM ...... Airborne electromagnetic survey IP ...... Induced polarization survey AM ...... Airborne magnetic survey Lc ...... Line cutting ARA ...... Airborne radiometric survey Met ...... Metallurgical testing Beep ...... Beep Mat survey OD ...... Overburden drilling Bulk ...... Bulk sampling ODH ...... Overburden drill hole(s) DD ...... Diamond drilling PEM ...... Pulse electromagnetic survey DDH ...... Diamond-drill hole(s) PGM ...... Platinum group metals DGP ...... Down-hole geophysics Pr ...... Prospecting GC ...... Geochemical survey RES ...... Resistivity survey GEM ...... Ground electromagnetic survey Samp ...... Sampling (other than bulk) GL ...... Geological survey Seismic ...... Seismic survey GM ...... Ground magnetic survey SP ...... Self-potential survey GRA ...... Ground radiometric survey Str ...... Stripping Grav ...... Gravity survey Tr ...... Trenching HLEM ...... Horizontal loop electromagnetic survey UG ...... Underground exploration/development HM ...... Heavy mineral sampling VLEM ...... Vertical loop electromagnetic survey IM ...... Industrial mineral testing and marketing VLFEM ...... Very low frequency electromagnetic survey

No. Company/Individual Township/Area (Commodity) Exploration Activity 1 Archibald, F. Belmont (Au) Pr 2 Bancroft Chamber of Commerce Monmouth (Mineral Specimens) Tr, Pr 3 Bancroft Gem and Mineral Club Dungannon (Mineral Specimens) Pr 4 Barfoot, C. Faraday, Hungerford, Madoc (Stone) Pr 5 Big North Graphite Corp. Lyndoch, Griffith (Graphite) AM, AEM 6 Brunette, B. Maria, Clara (Garnet) GL, Samp, IM 7 Burnett, A. Dungannon (Mineral Specimens) Pr 8 Byer, J. Elzevir (Trap) IM, Bulk Sample 9 Canadian Wollastonite Pittsburg, Leeds & Lansdowne (Wollastonite) IM 10 CJP Exploration Inc. Cardiff, Monmouth (REE) GL 11 Crawford, G. Lyndoch (Base Metals) St, DD 12 Crushcor Ltd. Glamorgan (Nepheline) IM 13 Dan Patrie Exploration Butt (REE) Pr 14 Danford Granite Hungerford (Granite) GC, DD 15 Ferromin South Canonto (Magnetite) Pr, IM 16 First Nickel Inc. Belmont, Lake, Limerick, Marmora, Wollaston DD, Pr, GL, Samp, Assay (Cu, Ni, PGM) 17 Forget, M. Ashby, Barrie, Kennebec (Au, Base Metals) Pr, Samp, GL 18 G. Collins Geoscience Inc. Herschel (Graphite) Pr 19 Gallaugher, E. Murchison (U) Pr 20 Glanfield, M. Barrie (Au) Pr 21 Gold Insight Marmora (Au) Pr 22 Golden Jaguar Marmora (Fe) Str 23 Graf, W. Faraday (Marble) IM 24 J.D. Exploration Inc. Hindon, McConkey (Cu) Pr 25 Lafarge Canada Eastern Ontario (Aggregates) Pr 26 Laidlaw, J. Grimsthorpe (Au) Pr 27 Lawrence, R. Ashby, Effingham (Au, Base Metal, Kimberlite) Pr, Samp 28 Leblanc, A. Ashby (Garnet) Pr

20 P.J. Sangster et al.

No. Company/Individual Township/Area (Commodity) Exploration Activity 29 McBride, D. Limerick (Ni, Cu) Pr, GL, Lc 30 McGill, M. Galway Lc 31 Mega Graphite Burgess, Bedford (Graphite) IM 32 Melkior Resources Inc. Raglan (Base Metal) GL, Pr, Samp 33 Milligan, D. Barrie (Au), Elzevir (Soapstone) Pr, IM 34 Melo, N. Wollaston, Chandos (Stone) Pr 35 Murray Brook Minerals Inc. Belmont (Calcium Carbonate, Marble) Pr, Samp 36 Norway Asphalt Limited Methuen (Granite) IM 37 Ontario Graphite Ltd. Butt (Graphite) IM 38 Patterson, D. Lyndoch (Mineral Specimens) Pr 39 Rampton, V.N. Lavant (Muscovite) Pr 40 Reed, A.A. Murchison (Pegmatite) Pr 41 Sheehan, V.E. Butt (Graphite) Pr 42 Skead Holdings Cardiff, Monmouth (U, REE) Pr 43 Standard Graphite Corp. Matawachan, Lyndoch (Graphite) AM, AEM 44 Steward, R.V. Sinclair Pr 45 The Corporation of the County of Haliburton, The Glamorgan, Cardiff, Monmouth GL, Pr, IM Corporation of the Municipality of Highlands East (Minerals for Collectors) 46 Thompson, G. Bangor (n/a) Pr 47 Trigan Resources Inc. Methuen (Ilmenite) Assay, GC 48 Upper Canada Gold Corporation Marmora (Au) Negotiation 49 Upper Canada Stone Mayo, Cashel, Madoc (Marble) Pr, IM 50 Valterra Resources Corp. Cavendish (Graphite) GL, Pr, Tr, GM, GEM, IP 51 Vanity Capital Inc. Barrie (Au) DD 52 Vatcher, K. Cavendish (Vermiculite) IM 53 Veley, H. Kennebec (Au) Pr 54 Walker, V. Lake (n/a) Pr 55 Watson, D. Methuen (n/a) Pr 56 Wilson, M. Sheffield (Dimension Stone) Pr

21 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

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22 P.J. Sangster et al.

Gold

UNION GLORY GOLD LTD. – TUDOR TOWNSHIP

The Tudor gold property consists of a group of unpatented mining claims covering 1000 ha extending from northeastern Tudor Township into Grimsthorpe and Anglesea townships. In 2011, Union Glory Gold Ltd. optioned the property from R. Dillman and J. Chard and completed a diamond-drilling program consisting of 10 holes totalling 1675 m.

The program was designed to test the “Main Zone” of gold mineralization at a vertical depth of about 100 m over a strike length of 500 m. All drill holes are reported to have intersected gold mineralization; however, complete assay results are not yet available (D. McBride, Union Glory Gold Ltd., personal communication, January 2012).

Previous work on the property was focussed on the Main Zone in Tudor Township. A zone of sheared felsite with arsenopyrite, quartz stringers and silicification has been delineated by stripping and diamond drilling over a strike length of greater than 3.5 km. Gold mineralization occurs in anastomosing shear zones that follow the strike of the felsite unit and dip steeply west. The shear zones are partially silicified, carbonatized and mineralized with pyrite, arsenopyrite and quartz-carbonate stringers, which follow the shearing. Assays of sheared felsites from previous drilling programs returned gold values ranging from 0.20 to 10.82 g/t Au and included 1 notable assay of 1012 g/t Au. High gold values occur in narrow zones measuring less than 1 m wide, which are contained within broader sections of sheared felsite with lower, but persistent, gold values generally greater than 0.5 g/t Au. Native gold has been observed in the core from several drill holes. Details of the geology and exploration history of the property are described by Sangster et al. (2009: see “Property Visits”, “Opasatika Mining Corporation – Tudor Gold Property”).

Prior to the 2011 drilling program, the felsite unit hosting the Main Zone had been tested by 27 drill holes, totalling 2364 m, all of which have intersected gold mineralization. The following table shows some of the more significant intersections obtained in a 2008 drill program within the Main Zone of the Tudor property (R. Dillman, personal communication, February 2010).

Drill Hole No. Gold (g/t Au) Width (m) Including Assay Result(s) over Interval (g/t Au / m) MZ-08-03 3.67 1.60 7.81 / 0.70 and 314.20 2.90 1012 / 0.90 and 0.77 4.60 8.7 / 0.43 and 2.27 1.44 MZ-08-05 0.70 74.25 1.46 / 7.4; 4.61 / 1.5; 1.43 / 4.73; 0.83 / 39.35; 5.83 / 0.25 MZ-08-08 0.82 68.90 1.43 / 8.85; 1.56 / 12.76; 10.82 / 0.5

CROWN WILLIAM MINING CORP. – MADOC GOLD PROPERTY The Madoc property of Crown William Mining Corp. consists of 200 mining claims covering about 55 500 acres or 225 km2 in the townships of Tudor, Grimsthorpe, Cashel and Effingham in southern Ontario. During 2011, the company conducted a review of past exploration work on the property, including examination of diamond-drill core stored at the Tweed Drill Core Library.

In 2011, the company acquired property—the Bannockburn project, formerly known as the Mono gold prospect, which was the site of advanced gold exploration, including extensive diamond drilling, underground exploration and bulk sampling during the 1980s and 1990s, resulting in an NI 43-101–non-compliant historical indicated and inferred resource estimate of 372 154 tons grading 0.395 ounces gold per ton (Sawyer Consultants Inc. 1987). In 2012, Crown William Mining initiated a re-evaluation of this deposit and began the process of obtaining permits that will be required to dewater the workings and take an underground bulk sample in 2013. The company has contracted Fladgate Exploration Consulting Corporation of Thunder Bay to conduct the exploration work (A. Schweitzer, Crown William Mining Corp., personal communication, February 2013).

23 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

The Madoc and Bannockburn project areas lie within a belt of predominantly mafic metavolcanic rocks trending northward along the western margin of the Elzevir tonalite and the Lingham Lake gabbroic to dioritic complex. The belt hosts several gold occurrences, including the Mono (Bannockburn) prospect and the Tudor gold prospect, currently under option to Union Glory Gold Ltd. (see Sangster et al. 2012). Gold mineralization is associated with quartz veins and carbonate alteration in mafic metavolcanic rocks and with quartz vein and/or arsenopyrite zones in silicified and sericite-altered felsite within the volcanic sequence.

VANITY CAPITAL INC. – ORE CHIMNEY PROPERTY, BARRIE TOWNSHIP In December 2011, Vanity Capital Inc. began a diamond-drilling program on their newly acquired Ore Chimney property located in Barrie Township. The Ore Chimney prospect consists of a gold- and silver-bearing quartz vein system containing pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite, within hornblende-biotite-garnet schist near the contact between the mafic metavolcanic rocks of the Tudor Formation and the unconformably overlying quartzite and conglomerate of the Flinton Group. The former Ore Chimney Mine first operated in 1909 and was further developed and explored by subsequent owners such as Bey Mines Ltd. (1932), East Webb Mines Ltd., Cavalier Mining Corporation Ltd. (1957), Banirwin Mining and Explorations Ltd. (1983) and Sands Minerals Corp. (1987). There was sporadic production from 1909 to the early 1920s and from 1932 to 1936 with the depth of the shaft continuing to 500 feet and development of 2174 feet of underground lateral workings on 7 levels.

The drilling program, completed in late February 2012, consisted of a total of 768.4 m in 16 holes and was designed to drill off the “Main Vein” zone, which historically returned significant grades of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc mineralization. Values returned have been as high as 0.39 ounce gold per ton, 75.45 ounces silver per ton, 2.2% Cu, 1.4% Pb and 5.3% Zn. The company reported that 11 of the 16 holes returned significant gold and silver values, although not in economic quantities. The highest gold value obtained was 4.3 g/t Au over an interval of 0.3 m and the best silver assay was 300 g/t Ag from a 0.3 m sample that also contained 0.456 g/t Au (Vanity Capital Inc., news release, filed September 19, 2012 with SEDAR®, see SEDAR Home Page).

Granite and/or Crushed Stone

DANFORD GRANITE – HUNGERFORD TOWNSHIP In 2012, Danford Granite Ltd. completed 4 diamond-drill holes, for a total depth of 200.0 m, in Hungerford Township. The group of 6 single-unit claims is in the northeastern corner of the township, about 250 m east of the company’s currently operating granite aggregate quarry in Elzevir Township. Two additional holes, totalling 75.5 m, were drilled at the eastern margin of the operating quarry.

The company quarries granitic gneiss of the Addington pluton at the Elzevir quarry, about 15 km northeast of Tweed. The granite has excellent skid resistant properties and is used in highway surface asphalt. The 2012 drill program tested an area, approximately 280 by 120 m to a vertical depth of 50 m, because the company is planning to licence a new quarry, in rock similar to the Addington pluton, in the northeast corner of Concession XIV, Lot 30 (J. Danford, Danford Granite Ltd., personal communication, October 2012). Additional details of the geology of the site are described in “Property Examinations”.

Graphite In 2012, southeastern Ontario was the focus of several exploration programs for graphite. Two airborne geophysical surveys were flown early in the year, but ground follow-up was limited or postponed due to difficulties in raising exploration financing.

In addition to the 3 advanced exploration and development graphite projects described in “Advanced Exploration and Development”, there are 5 companies pursuing grassroots exploration for graphite in the Bancroft terrane of southeastern Ontario: 4 in the northeastern part of the terrane, in a marble belt extending roughly from Bancroft to Renfrew, and 1 in the southwestern part of the terrane, north of Peterborough.

24 P.J. Sangster et al.

STANDARD GRAPHITE CORP. – BLACK DONALD, LITTLE BRYAN AND LYNDOCH GRAPHITE PROPERTIES In November 2011, Standard Graphite Corp. (formerly Orocan Resource Corp.) announced the acquisition of 3 graphite properties in southeastern Ontario including the Black Donald, Little Bryan and Lyndoch graphite properties.

The following is a summary of the Black Donald and Little Bryan properties (Standard Graphite Corp., from www.standardgraphite.com/s/black_donald.asp; from www.standardgraphite.com/s/little_bryan.asp, respectively): • The 9000 ha property covers a substantial area of favourable geology surrounding the past producing Black Donald Mine • The Black Donald graphite mine was one of the largest and richest graphite deposits in North America. It had reported historic ore grades of up to 80% Cg. During the last 10 years of mine life, the average reported grade was 25-30% Cg • 94% of the total value of Ontario graphite production came from the Black Donald Mine • The Little Bryan project encompasses 3250 ha [with] excellent infrastructure • Previously explored by Harrington Sound Resources [in] 1989 • Hosted in pyritic gneisses, the known graphite mineralization extends over 1.3 km in a general east-west direction. Historic grab samples ranged from a reported 0.63% to 34.06% Cg. Average grade [was] 10.94% Cg

In January and February 2012, the company completed a 1492 line-kilometres, low-altitude, time-domain electromagnetic (TDEM) survey, flown by Prospectair Geosurveys over the 3 properties. Extensive conductive zones were identified on the Little Bryan property along, and parallel to, a known graphitic zone.

During the months of April and May 2012, Standard Graphite contracted MPH Consulting Ltd. of Toronto, Ontario, to conduct a preliminary prospecting and geological reconnaissance program over its Black Donald and Little Bryan properties. The objective was to sample and evaluate the known graphite occurrences, as well as to locate outcrops along the conductive trends highlighted by the airborne geophysical survey.

In July 2012, the company announced that prospecting and geological reconnaissance on the Little Bryan property had resulted in the discovery of a new graphite horizon lying approximately 1 km to the north of the original trend, coincident with an electromagnetic trend outlined by the airborne geophysical survey (Standard Graphite Corp., news release, July 11, 2012).

BIG NORTH GRAPHITE CORP. – GRIFFITH AND BROUGHAM PROPERTIES In March 2012, Big North Graphite Corp. acquired a 100% interest in 2 properties in the marble belt being explored by Standard Graphite Corp. The Griffith property comprises 14 contiguous mining claims containing 168 claim units, straddling the boundary between Lyndoch and Griffith townships and covering approximately 3113 ha. The Brougham graphite property, located approximately 12 km to the east in Brougham Township, comprises 15 claims containing 171 claim units covering approximately 3549 ha.

In May 2012, the company conducted a high-resolution, helicopter-borne magnetic and EM survey on both the Griffith and Brougham properties. In total, 1187 line-kilometres were flown by Aeroquest Limited, with flight lines 100 m apart, allowing for detailed mapping of stratigraphy and conductive features. Both properties are primarily underlain by marble and clastic sediment lithologies similar to the host rocks at the very high-grade historical Black Donald graphite mine, located 25 km from the Griffith property and 10 km from the Brougham property. The results of the survey are documented in an NI 43-101 technical report, which includes the geology and exploration history of the 2 properties. Ground geophysical follow-up combined with prospecting, sampling and geological mapping was recommended, but was not done in 2012 (Harron 2012).

25 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

TERRA FIRMA RESOURCES INC. – BEIDELMANN–LYALL PROPERTY

In April 2012, Terra Firma Resources Inc. (www.terrafirmaresources.com) acquired the Beidelmann–Lyall graphite property through an option agreement with Standard Graphite Corp. The property consists of 2 claim blocks, totalling approximately 625 ha, located in Lyndoch Township, approximately 23 km west of the past-producing Black Donald Mine. The Beidelmann–Lyall occurrence consists of a narrow (up to 1.5 m) zone of graphitic marble, exposed in a series of pits and shallow shafts over a strike length of about 600 m. The development work was done in 1917 (Satterly 1945). The company initially proposed surface prospecting, trenching and diamond drilling, but did not report any exploration activities in 2012 (Terra Firma Resources Inc., new release, April 26, 2012).

OLYMPIC RESOURCES LTD. – McWHIRTER LAKE GRAPHITE PROPERTY

In August 2012, Olympic Resources Ltd. (www.olympicresourcesltd.com) acquired the McWhirter Lake graphite property, a group of claims covering 3132 ha bordering the York River through parts of Carlow, Monteagle and Dungannon townships. The company intended to conduct an airborne geophysical survey of the property, to be followed by geological mapping and sampling, but no exploration work was reported in 2012 (Olympic Resources Ltd., news release, August 15, 2012). The McWhirter Lake graphite occurrence in Carlow Township consists of a prospect pit exposing graphitic amphibolite of unknown dimensions and grade, interlayered with marble (Hewitt 1955).

VALTERRA RESOURCE CORPORATION – BOBCAYGEON GRAPHITE PROPERTY

In June 2012, Valterra Resource Corporation (www.valterraresource.com) optioned the Bobcaygeon graphite property, consisting of over 5500 ha in Cavendish Township. Graphite was discovered on the property in 2003 during trenching completed as part of a vermiculite exploration program (Photo 1). The graphite occurs as veins within calcitic marbles on the west margin of a syenitic amphibolite unit and the contact is traceable for up to 10–12 km.

In October 2012, the company reported that a 20 kg sample of graphitic marble returned an assay of 34% graphitic carbon, primarily in the form of flakes up to 3 mm in length (Valterra Resource Corporation, news release, October 17, 2012).

Photo 1. High-grade graphite from discovery trench, Bobcaygeon graphite property, Valterra Resource Corporation.

26 P.J. Sangster et al.

The company began a ground exploration program on the property in November 2012. Magnetic, electromagnetic and induced polarization surveys were done on an 11 line-kilometres grid over the main occurrence and flanking stratigraphy. Trenching was done on, and stepping out from, the initial discovery. The trenching identified a 20 m lateral exposure of high-grade graphite with trenching bottoming in graphite suggesting a minimum thickness of this lens at 1.5 m. The trenching yielded assay results from 7.76 to 36.8% Cg. Additional land was staked, tripling the size of the property to more than 140 km2. The company is planning a diamond-drill program for early in 2013 and a large-scale exploration program to cover the entire property (Valterra Resource Corporation, news release, January 15, 2013).

Magnetite

FERROMIN INC. – SOUTH CANONTO TOWNSHIP Ferromin Inc. conducted geological mapping and magnetic surveys over the company’s property in South Canonto Township. The company extracts magnetite from an open pit on Concession III, Lot 14 at the northeastern end of Summit Lake. Magnetite is crushed on site and marketed as high-density aggregate. The company is evaluating the economic feasibility of deepening the existing pit and is exploring the remainder of the property for additional zones of magnetite mineralization (P. Kriens, Ferromin Inc., personal communication, February 2012).

Nickel-Copper-Platinum Group Elements

FIRST NICKEL INC.

First Nickel Inc. (www.firstnickel.com) is exploring 3 nickel-copper-platinum group element (PGE) prospects in southeastern Ontario. A detailed description of property geology, mineralization and exploration activities from 2008 to 2011 is provided by Sangster et al. (2012).

The Raglan Hills project exploration model is the Voisey’s Bay-type nickel-copper mineralization and low sulphide PGEs associated with mafic and ultramafic intrusions. The property comprises 5340 ha held in 34 unpatented mining claims (267 units) in Raglan, Mayo and Carlow townships. It is located approximately 32 km east-northeast of Bancroft and is accessed via unpaved roads connecting to Highway 28.

The Belmont project property comprises approximately 8580 ha in 73 unpatented mining claims (429 units) in 9 separate blocks in Limerick, Wollaston, Lake, Marmora and Belmont townships. The unpatented mining claims encompass many documented nickel-copper, gold and zinc occurrences and have the potential to host nickel-copper deposits formed in a dynamic magma conduit system similar to the aforementioned Voisey’s Bay deposit and the Eagle deposit of the Midcontinent Rift (cf. Ware, Cherry and Ding 2008).

In 2009, First Nickel Inc. entered into an option agreement with Melkior Resources to explore that company’s Henderson property (2 unpatented claims, 20 units) immediately to the east of the Raglan Hills property in Raglan Township. In July 2009, First Nickel also recorded 5 adjoining claims in Lyndoch and Raglan townships for an additional 35 units.

In November 2011, First Nickel Inc. contracted GeoTech Ltd. to fly a helicopter-assisted versatile time-domain electromagnetic (VTEM) survey starting in late November or early December 2011 over 3 of the company’s properties: the Belmont claims, the Raglan Hills–Moccasin Lake North and the Henderson claims. This survey was designed to complement their previous helicopter geophysical surveys from 2009 and to aid in 2012 exploration programs (S. Halladay, First Nickel Inc., personal communication, November 2011).

27 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

In 2012, exploration activity was concentrated on the Belmont and Raglan Hills projects. Since exploration began on these projects in 2008, the company has completed diamond drilling, totalling 11 750 m, in 66 holes.

Belmont Project Raglan Hills Project Number of Depth Drilled Year Number of Metres Number of Metres Drill Holes (metres) Drill Holes Drill Holes 2008 0 0 0 0 0 0 2009 13 2885 29 4616 42 7501 2010 0 0 3 501.3 3 501.3 2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 2012 6 1345 15 2403 21 3748 Totals 19 4230 47 7520.3 66 11,750.3

Belmont Project In 2012, the company completed prospecting and ground truthing of VTEM and airborne electromagnetic (AEM) anomalies on claims in Belmont, Marmora, Lake, Limerick and Wollaston townships. This process saw several interesting results that are to be prioritized for future evaluation. A total of 253 surface grab samples were collected for analysis. Assessment reports have been filed, as required, with the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines Geoscience Assessment Office.

In 2012, diamond drilling was completed on the east Limerick Township claims (1 hole); on the west Limerick Township claims (4 holes); and on the western side of the Wollaston Township claim block (1 hole). The 6 BQTK7- diameter diamond-drill holes, totalled 1345 m, with 95 drill-core samples, plus standards and blanks for quality assurance and quality control, were sent for analysis. To date, the company has done no drilling on the claim blocks in Belmont, Lake or Marmora townships.

Raglan Hills Project In 2012, the company completed prospecting and ground truthing of VTEM and AEM anomalies on claims in Raglan and Lyndoch townships. This project saw interesting results that are to be prioritized for future evaluation. A total of 162 surface grab samples were collected for analysis. Mechanical trenching was done at both sites. Assessment reports will be filed, as required, with the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines Geoscience Assessment Office.

In 2012, 15 BQTK7-diameter diamond-drill holes, totalling 3748 m, were completed on the Raglan Hills prospect with 375 drill-core samples, plus 18 standards and 16 blanks for quality assurance and quality control, submitted for analysis. The drill holes were located on ML North and South claims (13 holes) to further define and expand the previously interpreted PGM zone.

Henderson Project An additional 2 holes were drilled on the Henderson East (Keller) claims in Lyndoch Township to follow up on the Geotech VTEM anomalies. Results are being investigated. Results of trenching and diamond drilling on a graphite- bearing, locally schistose, mica-gneiss zone are pending. The zone has a minimum width of 30 m, an approximate length of 200 m, an approximate depth of 100 m and is open in all directions.

7 BQTK-diameter: oversize hole diameter = 61.08 mm with core diameter = 40.79 mm.

28 P.J. Sangster et al.

Minerals for Collectors

ONTARIO’S HIGHLANDS TOURISM ORGANIZATION – COUNTIES OF HALIBURTON, LANARK, AND RENFREW “Ontario’s Highlands” is a recently established tourism region comprising the County of Haliburton, the County of Lanark and the County of Renfrew, and parts of the County of Frontenac, the County of Hastings, and the County of Lennox and Addington. The area hosts hundreds of documented mineral occurrences including many classic mineral collecting locales. As such, it is a recognized travel destination for mineral collectors and geology enthusiasts. Incorporated in 2010, the Ontario’s Highlands Tourism Organization (OHTO) is a not-for-profit organization mandated by the Province of Ontario to increase tourism within the aforementioned region.

The OHTO recognized there is significant potential of developing these Earth science features as general tourist attractors, which led to one of the first product-development initiatives of the Ontario’s Highlands Tourism Organization (OHTO). Over the past year, the OHTO, in collaboration with communities across the region, has contributed to significant improvements to what has become known as the “Recreational Geology” tourism experience. “Recreational Geology” encompasses hobby mineral and fossil collecting, geological education, and interpretive activities that give appreciation of the land and human interaction with it. (M. Bainbridge, consultant, Ontario’s Highlands Tourism Organization, personal communication, May 2012)

With decades of activity, many of the well-known collecting sites have deteriorated. To the dismay of collectors, other classic sites on Crown land, including the York River skarn in Bancroft, have been designated as Conservation Reserves where collecting of minerals is prohibited.

An ongoing project in Ontario’s Highlands has been the identification and documentation of new sites for mineral collectors. M. Bainbridge, OHTO consultant, has completed extensive library research and field investigation of potential sites of interest. To date, 5 unpatented mining claims, totalling 16 16-ha units, have been recorded in the names of the Corporation of the Municipality of Highlands East and the Corporation of the County of Haliburton for prospective sites in Cardiff, Monmouth and Glamorgan townships. In 2012, geological mapping, prospecting and sampling have been completed on the claims; although not yet published, initial results have been positive.

RESIDENT GEOLOGIST STAFF AND ACTIVITIES The Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist’s office, located in Tweed, is the only Resident Geologist Program office south of the French River. The office is staffed by P.J. Sangster, P.Geo., Regional Resident Geologist, P.S. LeBaron, P.Eng., District Geologist, D.A. Laidlaw, P.Geo., Regional Land Use Geologist— Southern Region and S.J. Charbonneau, District Geological Assistant. Beginning in September 2012, D. Milligan and W. Milligan worked on a short-term contract as part of an ongoing Drill Core Library off-site maintenance project. A.C. Wilson, Mineral Deposit Compilation Geologist—Northeastern Ontario, based in Timmins, contributes to updates and review of the southern Ontario Mineral Deposit Inventory database. A detailed description of the activities of this position has been provided by A.C. Wilson and is included in this report.

Additional support was provided by S. Peelow, Administrative Assistant to the Senior Manager, Resident Geologist Program, Sudbury. J. Bremner provided on-call contract administrative assistance. Summer Experience Program student J. VanExan provided field season support.

In 2012, a building renovation was completed to provide more efficient use of space and improved client service. All mineral deposit inventory files, technical papers and assessment files have been incorporated into a high-density filing system. Industrial mineral files, formerly stored with the MNDM Mineral Development and Lands Branch in Sudbury, have been transferred to the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist’s office (Tweed). A project to sort and index these files for public access is ongoing.

The Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist’s office in Tweed offers access to a complete collection of Ontario Geological Survey publications for southern Ontario.

29 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

The Resident Geologist Program monitors, stimulates and facilitates mineral exploration and the sustainable development of Ontario’s mineral resources. Program services and functions are grouped into key areas including • geological consultation and advisory services • provision of public access to geoscience databases and other resource materials • documentation of mineral exploration and development activity • land-use planning issues and initiatives • public education

The Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist’s office also provides support to the ministry’s Mining Lands Section front-counter client services and works with the MNDM Aboriginal Relations Branch to assist in fostering relations between the mineral industry and First Nation communities. During 2012, activities co-ordinated by the Aboriginal Relations Branch included introductory meetings with the Regional Resident Geologist, Mineral Development and Lands Branch staff and First Nation representatives. In February, the District Geologist provided a review of the geology, mineral deposits and exploration activities in southeastern Ontario at the Algonquins of Ontario consultation office in Pembroke. Staff of the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist’s office (Tweed) assisted in the development and presentation of the Ontario booth at the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada Annual Convention in Toronto and the Resident Geologist Program poster presentation at the Ontario Exploration and Geoscience Symposium in Sudbury, and presented meetings for regional clients including the Southern Ontario Prospectors Association in February, April and October, featuring updates on Mining Act Modernization including new plans, permits and staking regulations, by J. Fairchild, MNDM Mineral Exploration and Development Consultant for southern Ontario. The Resident Geologist and District Geologist attended a three-day field trip examining classic outcrops in the Central Gneiss Belt in the Parry Sound, Huntsville and Minden areas, hosted by the Friends of the Grenville in September; a two-day Industrial Minerals Conference in Quebec City, presented by Blendon Information Services in October; the Ontario Exploration and Geoscience Symposium, hosted by the Ontario Prospectors Association in November; and a mini-symposium on the future of mining in Canada, organized by the Toronto Geological Discussion Group in Toronto, at which the Resident Geologist made a presentation. In October, the Resident Geologist presented talks to 300 elementary school students and, with the District Geological Assistant, provided a weekend poster and sample display as part of the Ancaster Gem and Mineral Show. In August, the Resident Geologist provided a talk to the Kasshabog Lake Cottagers Association in conjunction with the MRT Aggregates Inc. open house and field tour. Also in August, the Resident Geologist provided a poster session on local feldspar, mica and graphite deposits at the annual Cattail Festival in Verona. In April, the Resident Geologist, assisted by the District Geologist, gave a presentation on the history and current activities of the Resident Geologist Program to the Walker Mineral Club, Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Toronto. Presentations by the District Geologist in 2012 included the following: a poster and sample display at the Northeastern Ontario Mines and Minerals Symposium in Kirkland Lake, featuring historic and current mineral production in southeastern Ontario (April); a poster and rock sample display featuring the mining history and sites of geological interest in the Skootamatta Lake area for the annual meeting of the Skootamatta District Ratepayers Association. The District Geologist provided organizers of the Picton Gem and Mineral Show, held in July, with mineral samples, maps, reports, field notebooks and photo-scale cards for their booth; and conducted a field trip to several marble and limestone quarries for a group of stone sculptors from southern Ontario in November. On the August Civic Holiday weekend, staff from the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist’s office presented a poster and mineral display at the Bancroft Gemboree, featuring the history of feldspar mining in eastern Ontario, in addition to free mineral samples, publications and brochures. The four-day event traditionally hosts 8000 to 10 000 attendees. In June, at Queen’s University in Kingston, the Resident Geologist provided a presentation to a delegation of officials from the Chinese Ministry of Land and Resources. In addition, working with the Ontario Geological Survey Information and Marketing Section, the Resident Geologist acted as technical expert to a Chinese company interested in Ontario iron deposits and, later, provided a second talk and question-and-answer session on Ontario mineral potential to a second Chinese mineral resource company.

30 P.J. Sangster et al.

Table 5 provides a five-year summary of program activity and Table 6 lists new publications added to the Resident Geologist Program office technical library (in Tweed) during 2012.

DIAMOND-DRILL CORE LIBRARY PROJECT The Resident Geologist’s Office maintains a drill-core storage compound on Hunt Road approximately 2 km south of the Village of Tweed. In addition to core stored on traditional core racks, the site houses over 200 000 m of irreplaceable drill core from southern Ontario stacked on wooden pallets.

A multiyear program of rehabilitation at the Hunt Road site was initiated in 2011. Some of the drill core is from exploration completed more than 40 years ago and was stacked on wooden pallets when the off-site facility was constructed. Of a total of about 600 drill-core pallets, one-third show deterioration of core boxes. D. Milligan and W. Milligan were contracted to continue the program of replacing boxes in 2012, with re-labelling and re-stacking the boxes on new pallets. Over a period of 12 weeks from September to December, the site was brushed out, trees were removed from the perimeter of the storage area and 1253 core boxes were replaced.

In 2012, core from 3 diamond-drill holes (total depth 330 m), drilled through Paleozoic strata in the Kingston area, was donated to the Tweed Drill Core Library by Aquafor Beech Limited, engineering and environmental consultants in Kingston.

Table 5. Program activity statistics (five-year summary) for the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist’s office.

Activity 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Field Investigations / Property Visits 39 32 41 42 45 Field Trips Given / Field Guide Written 3 3 3 3 2 Mineral Deposit Inventory (MDI) Records Revised 362 61 125 875 265 Presentations to Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, 7 1 5 19 15 Ministry of Natural Resources, Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs, others Clients Visits to Resident Geologist Program office in Tweed 354 343 449 430 330 Drill Core Library Users 60 55 275 40 12 Client Communications / Interactions (Presentations/Poster Sessions) >3000 >3000 >3000 >3000 >3000

Table 6. Library acquisitions in 2012 by the Southern Ontario District (publications of particular interest to the Southern Ontario District are shown in bold).

Title Author Type and Year of Publication Geographic Index to Published Reports, Maps and Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Digital Data, 2011 Miscellaneous Paper 178, 522p., 2011 Index to Published Reports, Maps and Digital Data, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, 2011 Miscellaneous Paper 177, 303p., 2011 Index to Maps, Surficial Geology 1991–2011, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Southern Sheet scale 1:1 000 000, 2012 Index to Maps, Bedrock Geology 1991–2011, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Southern Sheet scale 1:1 000 000, 2012 Aggregate Resources Inventory of the County of D.J. Rowell Ontario Geological Survey, Bruce Aggregate Resources Inventory Paper 190, 94p., 2012 Aggregate Resources Inventory of the County of A.S. Marich Ontario Geological Survey, Frontenac, Southern Ontario Aggregate Resources Inventory Paper 187, 51p., 2012 Graphic Borehole Logs of Sediments Composing P.J. Barnett Ontario Geological Survey, the Oak Ridges Moraine, Whitchurch–Stouffville Miscellaneous Release—Data 290, 2012 and Uxbridge Township Municipalities

31 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Title Author Type and Year of Publication Report of Activities 2011, Resident Geologist A.F. Lichtblau, C. Ravnaas, C.C. Ontario Geological Survey, Program, Red Lake Regional Resident Geologist Storey, J. Bongfeldt, H.C. Lockwood Open File Report 6271, 98p., 2012 Report: Red Lake and Kenora Districts and A.C. Wilson Report of Activities 2011, Resident Geologist G.D. White, M.C. Smyk, A. Cooke, Ontario Geological Survey, Program, Thunder Bay North Regional Resident H.C. Lockwood and A.C. Wilson Open File Report 6272, 51p., 2012 Geologist Report: Thunder Bay North District Report of Activities 2011, Resident Geologist D.A. Campbell, J.F. Scott, A. Cooke, Ontario Geological Survey, Program, Thunder Bay South Regional Resident M.R. Brunelle, H.C. Lockwood and Open File Report 6273, 59p., 2012 Geologist Report: Thunder Bay South District A.C. Wilson Report of Activities 2011, Resident Geologist B.T. Atkinson, P. Bousquet, A. Pace, Ontario Geological Survey, Program, Timmins Regional Resident Geologist S. Butorac, S. Harvey, D.M. Draper, Open File Report 6274, 141p., 2012 Report: Timmins and Sault Ste. Marie Districts R.L. Debicki and A.C. Wilson Report of Activities 2011, Resident Geologist D.L. Guindon, G.P.B. Grabowski, Ontario Geological Survey, Program, Kirkland Lake Regional Resident Geologist N. Sabiri, A.C. Wilson and R.L. Open File Report 6275, 60p., 2012 Report: Kirkland Lake District Debicki Report of Activities 2011, Resident Geologist D.G. Farrow, R.M. Alemany, Ontario Geological Survey, Program, Kirkland Lake Regional Resident Geologist P.J. Sangster, R.L. Debicki and Open File Report 6276, 51p., 2012 Report: Sudbury District A.C. Wilson Report of Activities 2011, Resident Geologist P.J. Sangster, P.S. LeBaron, Ontario Geological Survey, Program, Southern Ontario Regional Resident S.J. Charbonneau, D.A. Laidlaw, Open File Report 6277, 72p., 2012 Geologist Report: Southeastern and Southwestern A.C. Wilson, T.R. Carter and Ontario Districts, and Petroleum Resources L. Fortner Centre Precambrian Geology of Cavendish Township, R.M. Easton Ontario Geological Survey, Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province Open File Report 6229, 141p., 2012 Aggregate Test Results for Various Rock Types in D.J. Rowell and J.E.P. Dodge Ontario Geological Survey, Ontario Miscellaneous Release—Data 297, 2012 Ontario Rhyolite Database—Northwestern B.R. Berger and J.E. Chartrand Ontario Geological Survey, Ontario and the Grenville Province Miscellaneous Release—Data 298, 2012 Shale Resources of Southern Ontario: An Update D.J. Rowell Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6278, 46p., 2012 Geochemical, Mineralogical and Brick Testing D.J. Rowell Ontario Geological Survey, Results for Shale Resources of Southern Ontario Miscellaneous Release—Data 301, 2012 Preliminary Data Release, Southern Ontario R.D. Dyer and H.E. Burke Ontario Geological Survey, Stream Sediment Geochemistry Survey Miscellaneous Release—Data 302, 2012 Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Survey, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Colour-Filled Contours of the Residual Magnetic Map 82 580, scale 1:20 000, 2012 Field, South Simcoe County Area Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Survey, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Colour-Filled Contours of the Residual Magnetic Map 82 581, scale 1:20 000, 2012 Field, South Simcoe County Area Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Survey, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Colour-Filled Contours of the EM Decay Map 82 582, scale 1:20 000, 2012 Constant, South Simcoe County Area Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Survey, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Colour-Filled Contours of the EM Decay Map 82 583, scale 1:20 000, 2012 Constant, South Simcoe County Area Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Survey, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Colour-Filled Contours of the Apparent Map 82 584, scale 1:20 000, 2012 Conductance, South Simcoe County Area Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Survey, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Colour-Filled Contours of the Apparent Map 82 585, scale 1:20 000, 2012 Conductance, South Simcoe County Area

32 P.J. Sangster et al.

Title Author Type and Year of Publication Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Survey, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Shaded Colour Image of the First Vertical Map 82 586, scale 1:20 000, 2012 Derivative of the Residual Magnetic Field, South Simcoe County Area Airborne Magnetic and Electromagnetic Survey, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, Shaded Colour Image of the First Vertical Map 82 587, scale 1:20 000, 2012 Derivative of the Residual Magnetic Field, South Simcoe County Area Ontario Airborne Geophysical Surveys, Magnetic Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, and Electromagnetic Data, Grid and Profile Data Geophysical Data Set 1070a, 2012 (ASCII and Geosoft® Formats) and Vector Data, South Simcoe County Area Ontario Airborne Geophysical Surveys, Magnetic Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, and Electromagnetic Data, Halfwave Data (Binary Geophysical Data Set 1070b, 2012 Format) and Calibration Data, South Simcoe County Area Summary of Field Work and Other Activities, Ontario Geological Survey Ontario Geological Survey, 2012 Open File Report 6280, 472p., 2012 Quaternary Geology of the Alliston Area, R.P.M. Mulligan and A.F. Bajc Ontario Geological Survey, Southern Ontario Preliminary Map P.3768, scale 1:50 000, 2012 Exploring for Iron Oxide Copper-Gold Deposits: L. Corriveau and H. Mumin Geological Association of Canada, 192p., 2012 Canada and Global Analogues Caving in Ontario: Exploring Buried Karst M. Gordon LuLu/Edgehill Press, 124p., 2011 Free Gold - The Story of Canadian Mining A. Hoffman McGraw Hill, 432p., 1947 What We Know About Climate Change K. Emanuel Boston Review Books, 96p., 2007 Field Trip 8: Paleozoic Geology of the Ottawa D.A. Williams and P.G. Telford Geological Association of Canada, 26p., 1986 Area

PROPERTY EXAMINATIONS

In 2012, a total of 40 properties in the Southern Ontario Region were visited by Resident Geologist Program staff. An additional 5 visits were completed to properties outside the Region (Table 7; Figures 4 and 5).

Table 7. Property visits conducted by the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist and staff in 2012 (keyed to Figures 4 and 5).

Number Property / Operation Commodity Southeastern and Southwestern Ontario 1 Ackerman Mine, Marmora Township Gold 2 Addington Mine, Kaladar Township Gold 3 Allstone Quarry Products, Schomberg, King Township Dimension Stone 4 Attia Rama Quarry, Rama Township Ledgerock 5 Attia Seabright Quarry, Rama Township Ledgerock 6 Cameron Bog, Portland Township Scientific Interest 7 Canadian Wollastonite, Pittsburgh and Leeds Townships Wollastonite 8 Carbroc Quarry, Elzevir Township Dolomite 9 Coloured Aggregates, Marmoraton Mill Site, Marmora Township Aggregate 10 Danford Granite Quarry, Elzevir Township Aggregate 11 Dingman prospect, Marmora Township Gold 12 Elite Blue Marble Quarry, Chandos Township Dimension Stone

33 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Number Property / Operation Commodity 13 Graf (Temagami Pink) Quarry, Faraday Township Dimension Stone 14 Greenmantle Farm, Monmouth Township Mineral Specimens 15 H. Veley (Gold Base), Kennebec Township Gold 16 Hwy 46 “Fossil Hill”, Methuen Township Scientific Interest 17 M. Forget gold prospect, Barrie Township Gold 18 M. Wilson marble prospect, Sheffield Township Dimension Stone 19 M. Wilson soapstone, Camden East Township Soapstone 20 MacDonald feldspar mine site, Monteagle Township Feldspar (mine hazard investigation) 21 Maitland prospect, Albemarle Township Dimension Stone 22 Mono (Bannockburn) prospect, Madoc Township Gold 23 Mount Moriah syenite, Elzevir Township Scientific Interest 24 MRT Aggregates Quarry, Methuen Township Trap Rock, Ilmenite 25 Ore Chimney Mine, Barrie Township Gold 26 Orser Mine, Effingham Township Mica 27 Parnell Quarry, Galway Township Dimension Stone 28 Petroglyphs, Methuen Township Scientific Interest 29 Salerno Lake zinc prospect, Snowdon Township Zinc 30 Sherritt International, Huntingdon Township Talc 31 Sifto salt mine, Goderich Township Salt 32 Simcoe Island, Kingston and The Islands Scientific Interest 33 Slave Lake zinc occurrence, Sheffield Township Zinc 34 St Marys Cement Bowmanville, Darlington Township Cement 35 Trigan Resources ilmenite prospect, Methuen Township Titanium (Ilmenite) 36 Tweed Marble Quarry, Hungerford Township Dimension Stone 37 Unimin Canada, Blue Mountain Operations, Methuen Township Nepheline Syenite 38 Upper Canada Stone “Chocolate” Quarry, Madoc Township Dimension Stone 39 Upper Canada Stone Co. Ltd. processing plant, Madoc Township Marble 40 Victoria iron mine, Snowdon Township Magnetite, REE Outside Southeastern Ontario and Southwestern Ontario Districts 41 Brunette garnet prospect, Clara and Maria townships Garnet, Graphite 42 Edgar Taillefer property, Aylmer Township Dimension Stone 43 Huntsville–Minden area field trip Scientific Interest 44 Northern Graphite, Maria Township Graphite 45 Parry Sound area field trip Scientific Interest

34 P.J. Sangster et al.

Property visits (keyed to Table 7) and claim staking activity in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012. in District Ontario in Southeastern the activity staking claim 7) and to Table (keyed visits Property Figure 4.

35 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Figure 5. Property visits (keyed to Table 7) in the Southwestern Ontario District in 2012.

36 P.J. Sangster et al.

M. Forget – Kashwakamak Property, Barrie Township

In April 2012, the District Geologist accompanied prospector M. Forget on an examination of gold, copper and copper- lead-zinc occurrences on his mining claims in Barrie Township.

LOCATION AND ACCESS The Kashwakamak property consists of 6 unpatented mining claims totalling 24 units in concessions IV to VI, lots 11 to 18, Barrie Township, about 45 km northeast of Tweed. The claim numbers are 1500244, 1500430-31, 1500433 and 1500436-37. Access is from Highway 7 at Kaladar north on Highway 41 for a distance of 14.3 km to the Harlowe Road; east 8.2 km to the stop sign in Harlowe; north on Kashwakamak Lake Road, which traverses the northern part of the entire claim group.

Outcrops and trenches were examined in the following areas (UTM co-ordinates provided using NAD83, Zone 18): • copper occurrence in roadside outcrop (334817E 4965048N) • copper-lead-zinc occurrence in trench (336526E 4967411N) • trenches and outcrops south of the Kashwakamak Road and west of Shoepack Lake (336886E 4967294N) • outcrops along the margins of swamps in the same area, south of Shoepack Lake

EXPLORATION HISTORY Gold was first discovered in the Harlowe area in 1936. The earliest documented exploration work on the Forget property is reported by Meen (1944, p.40), in a description of the Kashwakamak claims of the Camgar Mining Syndicate. In 1939, Camgar explored several showings of quartz veins in dolomitic marble along the southern shore of Kashwakamak Lake, just north of the contact between the marbles and volcanic fragmental rocks to the south. Mineralization consisted of chalcopyrite, malachite, tetrahedrite, galena, sphalerite and pyrite. Native gold was reported in one pit. From 1986 to 1988, United Reef Petroleums Limited explored the area now covered by the Forget claims. In addition to evaluating the old Camgar occurrences, a new zone of gold mineralization was discovered in the vicinity of Shoepack Lake. Geological, magnetometer and electromagnetic surveys, trenching and channel sampling were done, followed by diamond drilling of 9 holes, totalling 849.5 m. The drilling program focussed on the “West Shoepack Prospect”, the new gold occurrence in Concession VI, Lot 13 (south half) (Johnson 1988). The best intersections of gold mineralization ranged from 1.18 to 2.42 g/t Au over widths of 0.2 to 0.6 m within a biotite- sericite-carbonate alteration zone in dacitic metavolcanic rock. M. Forget staked the property in January, 2012, and re-examined the United Reef Petroleums drill core, archived at the Tweed Drill Core Library, followed by prospecting and relocating of old claim posts, trenches and drill hole collars. Drill core from the mineralized zone was re-sampled during the winter of 2012 and assay results confirmed the presence of gold at higher concentrations than those reported by United Reef, as discussed in “Mineralization”.

REGIONAL GEOLOGY The property is located in the Mazinaw terrane of the Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province. In Barrie Township, a belt of mafic to intermediate metavolcanic rocks (Kashwakamak Formation, Easton 2006) is flanked to the south by the Flinton Synclinorium, an easterly trending structure in which older metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks of the Grenville Supergroup are unconformably overlain by, and tightly folded with, clastic metasedimentary rocks of the Flinton Group (conglomerate, quartzite and pelitic schist) along the northern margin of the Northbrook granodioritic pluton. To the north of the metavolcanic rocks is a thick sequence of calcitic and dolomitic marbles. The Forget claims are situated in the contact area between dacitic metavolcanic rock along the northern margin of the metavolcanic belt and marbles to the north. Metamorphic grade is upper greenschist to mid-amphibolite. The geology of the area is described by Moore and Morton (1986) and is shown on a compilation map by Easton (2001a).

37 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Gold mineralization in the Harlowe area is associated with metavolcanic rocks and marbles at the southern margin of the metavolcanic belt, close to the Flinton Group unconformity, and with marbles north of the metavolcanic belt. The occurrences are hosted by 1 of 2 settings: 1. In mafic schist of the Ore Chimney Formation, which lies at the unconformity between underlying mafic metavolcanic rocks and overlying conglomerate and quartzite. The Ore Chimney Formation is interpreted as a paleoregolith that locally underlies the basal units of the Flinton Group. Examples of this type of gold mineralization are the Ore Chimney deposit in Barrie Township west of Harlowe, and the Addington deposit located east of Flinton in Kaladar Township, which host gold mineralization in quartz veins with tourmaline, pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite. 2. In narrow bands of dolomitic marble below the unconformity, as at the Dome, Pay Rock and Gold Base occurrences in the Harlowe area, which host auriferous quartz veins, generally with minor sulphides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite). The Camgar occurrences are similar to the second type.

The United Reef Petroleums gold occurrence at Shoepack Lake appears to be the only documented example of significant gold mineralization within felsic metavolcanic rock of the Mazinaw terrane.

PROPERTY GEOLOGY The Kashwakamak property straddles a northeasterly trending contact between steeply northwest-dipping marble along the southern shore of Kashwakamak Lake and underlying dacitic metavolcanic rock to the south.

The metavolcanic sequence, consisting primarily of tuff, lapilli tuff, agglomerate and breccia, includes minor clastic metasedimentary units. Coarse, dacitic agglomerate or breccia with a biotite-rich matrix is exposed on the shore of Shoepack Lake and elsewhere in the eastern part of the property. Similar breccia with a carbonate-rich matrix near the metavolcanic–marble contact hosts the West Shoepack gold occurrence (Johnson 1988). The marbles are medium to coarse grained, calcitic to dolomitic and locally contain quartz, tremolite and phlogopite.

Quartz-feldspar porphyry dikes intrude both the metavolcanic rocks and marbles. The dikes are medium to dark grey and contain feldspar phenocrysts and clear, glassy quartz eyes 3 to 5 mm in diameter. Locally, the porphyry may contain up to 5% pyrite and 1 to 3% disseminated chalcopyrite. Johnson (1988) reports quartz and feldspar phenocrysts of up to 2 cm in diameter in porphyry dikes at the West Shoepack occurrence.

MINERALIZATION

Three areas, each representing a distinct style of mineralization, were examined and sampled during the property visit. Samples were submitted to the Ontario Geological Survey Geoscience Laboratories and analyzed for silver and gold by lead-fire assay with gravimetric finish, and for copper by atomic absorption spectroscopy. An outcrop of quartz-feldspar porphyry is located on the east side of the Kashwakamak Lake Road, just south of the marble–metavolcanic rock contact in Concession 4, Lot 9 (north half). The rock is medium to dark grey, or pink where there is minor potassic and sericitic alteration of feldspar phenocrysts; subround, clear, glassy quartz eyes are 3 to 5 mm in diameter. The darker matrix contains fine-grained biotite and 1 to 3% combined disseminated chalcopyrite and pyrite. A weakly defined foliation strikes northeast and dips 80° northwest. Two samples of this material gave assays of less than 0.1 ounce silver per ton, less than 0.01 ounce gold per ton and 3 ppm Cu. The low porphyry ridge appears to be at least 30 m wide. The Camgar occurrence, located about 100 m north of the Kashwakamak Lake Road in Concession 6, Lot 14 (south half) is exposed in 2 trenches along a northeasterly trending ridge of siliceous, dolomitic marble. The dolomite is very fine-grained, medium grey and weathers pale brown. The most easterly trench (UTM 336526E 4967411N, Zone 18) exposes a narrow quartz vein containing malachite, chalcopyrite and tetrahedrite. A sample of the mineralized material assayed less than 0.1 ounce silver per ton, less than 0.01 ounce gold per ton and 899 ppm Cu. Several outcrop areas and trenches in the area of the United Reef Petroleums West Shoepack gold occurrence were examined. Three samples were taken from porphyry outcrops containing minor sulphide mineralization and 1 sample

38 P.J. Sangster et al.

from a biotite-rich felsic fragmental volcanic rock containing a 1.5 cm quartz vein with minor hematite and pyrite mineralization. Each sample contained less than 0.1 ounce silver per ton, less than 0.01 ounce gold per ton and from 24 to 80 ppm Cu. No samples were taken from the trench above United Reef Petroleums diamond-drill hole 88-KA-5. However, previous re-sampling of the drill core, by M. Forget in December 2012, confirmed the presence of gold. An interval that was originally reported to contain 2.42 g/t Au over 0.22 m was quartered; the results of 3 assays, comprising a whole-sample, total metal analysis of the same interval, were 19.3, 22.7 and 19.0 g/t Au (M. Forget, Kashwakamak East gold prospect, unpublished report with 2012 Application for Ontario Exploration Corporation funding; Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist’s office files, Tweed). These results suggest that irregular distribution of gold mineralization in the zone may have produced a “nugget effect” in the analytical results and that the zone should be re-sampled in drill core and on surface and analyzed for total metal content.

RECOMMENDATIONS Although samples of quartz-feldspar porphyry containing disseminated chalcopyrite and pyrite gave no significant gold or copper values, the widespread occurrence of sulphide mineralization in the rocks suggests that additional investigation for porphyry style copper-gold mineralization is warranted, through a combination of detailed geological mapping and induced polarization geophysical surveying. The West Shoepack gold occurrence represents a previously undocumented style of mineralization in the area, consisting of gold associated with biotite-sericite-carbonate alteration in Kashwakamak Formation fragmental felsic metavolcanic rocks. The area has been relatively underexplored, particularly with respect to this host rock type. Confirmation of the “nugget effect” in previous analytical results indicates that re-evaluation of known mineralized zones is warranted, along with exploration for new zones using detailed mapping and geochemical surveys.

Sifto Canada Corporation, Compass Minerals – Goderich Mine

On March 8, 2012, the Resident Geologist and District Geologist were given an underground tour of the Sifto Canada Corporation, Goderich Mine.

LOCATION AND ACCESS The mine site is located at the harbour in the town of Goderich, County of Huron. The 3.2 ha site was created largely by backfilling of an area at the mouth of the Maitland River. Crushing and milling operations are located underground. The majority of the mine, approximately 1100 ha, comprises leased mining claims beneath Lake Huron. The shaft is over 550 m deep. Access to the site is via Highway 21 northward through the town of Goderich to North Harbour Road, then west approximately 1.4 km to the mine gatehouse (UTM 441365E 4844017N, Zone 17).

BACKGROUND AND HISTORY Salt has been produced in Ontario since 1866. There are extensive beds of rock salt found in the Silurian Salina Formation (Group) rocks in parts of southwestern Ontario, west of London. Although there were numerous historic producers in southwestern Ontario, only a few produced more than 100 000 tonnes of salt from brine well operations.

Provincial and municipal governments are the main market for de-icing salt. The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario reports that MTO salt usage is highly dependent upon weather conditions, varying from 500 000 to 600 000 tonnes of salt annually. Salt is the only Ontario mineral commodity for which the market and production are directly controlled by weather. Salt for de-icing is extracted from underground as warranted by the market demand.

Sifto Canada Corporation, a Compass Minerals company, operates an underground mine and brine fields in Goderich. Rock salt from the underground mine is used mostly for road de-icing, for feedstock and in industry, where it is used in making a wide variety of products including chemicals, plastics and glass. Food-grade and chemical-grade salt are produced from the brine operations.

39 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Sifto Canada employs 490 people in the Goderich facilities. It is the largest underground salt mine in the world and has been operating for more than 50 years, producing 150 million tonnes of salt. The mine has defined resources for an additional 100 years of production (Goderich Signal Star, www.goderichsignalstar.com, article, “Goderich Salt Mine Celebrates 50th Anniversary”, February 18, 2009). In 2007, the mine began a multiphase expansion, with most of the expenditures targeted to increase storage and loading capabilities and to increase hoisting capacities in 2009 and 2010. It has the capacity to produce about 9 million tons of rock salt annually following the $70 million investment to expand its operations (Sangster et al. 2012).

GEOLOGY There is little bedrock exposure in this part of southwestern Ontario with most of the area being covered by thick deposits of glacial till; the area is underlain by Devonian limestone, dolostone and shale (Ontario Geological Survey 1991). Extensive drilling by the oil and gas industry as well as salt exploration and development provides comprehensive details of the subsurface Paleozoic stratigraphy as documented in Johnson et al. (1992) and Armstrong and Carter (2010).

MINERALIZATION The Salina Formation (Group) in the Goderich–Sarnia area in southwestern Ontario hosts the most extensive salt deposits in Ontario. Salt beds underlie a land area of more than 7700 km2. Salt deposits in the Goderich area are on the eastern flanks of the Michigan Basin and form part of the Michigan Basin salt deposit (Hewitt 1962). Bedded salt formations are relatively undeformed and are found at depths of 275 to 825 m, ranging in thickness from 90 to over 200 m. Typical salt content is from 90 to 100%.

OBSERVATIONS In August 2011, the Sifto Canada salt mining operations sustained substantial damage when an F3 tornado devastated the Town of Goderich. The company spent $17 million to repair buildings, plant and equipment in 2011 and was expected to spend another $30 million by the end of 2012. Throughout 2012, the company was committed to rebuilding the damaged infrastructure with restoring power and boat-loading capacity being among the top accomplishments.

At the time of the property visit, extensive surface damage to the mine property was evident. The damaged office building was boarded and fenced. The offices had been relocated to portable buildings and the dry salt had been relocated to a temporary site in the shaft house.

The mine faced other challenges in 2012, including a mild winter in 2011–2012 that saw a 6% decline in sales, and a union strike from August to September that slowed production.

Despite the challenges, the company is committed to the future vast reserves and the advantages of a deep harbour that provides access to Great Lakes shipping.

Historically, salt has been mined using a modified four-room stress-relief mining system that creates a series of rooms with pillars left as support. Giant chain saws are used to make cuts in the rock face. A rock face is overcut and undercut, then blasted to create a 12-foot high opening. Miners then work downward from the bench and advance forward to create rooms with walls that are 48 by 60 feet. Over time, this method has become obsolete. Even finding replacement parts to maintain the cutting equipment has become difficult.

Technological improvements have seen the development of continuous mining machines (“continuous miner”) and, in 2012, the process of converting the mine to this new system was initiated. The continuous miners are remote controlled, eliminate the need for dynamite blasting and create a smoother shape that requires less scaling (B. Gartshore, Sifto Canada Corporation, personal communication, March 2012) A single continuous miner provides a constant stream of rock salt from the work face, producing up to 6000 tons daily. Operating on tracks, it cuts the rock salt, which is caught by a loading arm and moved into a central gullet at the front of the machine where it is moved along by a conveyer to its back, then loaded into dump trucks. Initially, 2 continuous miners, at a cost of approximately $4 million each, will be installed; parts for the machines are transported underground and then assembled.

40 P.J. Sangster et al.

The new process, which relies on electricity for the continuous miners rather than blasting, will require an upgrade to the Goderich Transformer Station. A third feeder line will be installed allowing industrial operation requirements at the mine to be met on a dedicated line. While Hydro One Networks works to expand the station that was built in the 1960s, Goderich Hydro has arranged for installation of a breaker and feeder that will be dedicated to the mine. Sifto will pay an estimated $2.8 million for the breaker and dedicated feeder, which are expected to be operational by February 2013. The new line capacity is 30 MVA (mega volt-ampere), or approximately 20 MW. (Boa 2012)

In August 2012, Compass Minerals announced an agreement with the Town of Goderich and the Goderich Port Management Corporation to expand and enhance the Port of Goderich. The joint project is designed to bring new cargoes, jobs and opportunities to the community while providing Sifto with additional site flexibility, particularly during the winter months. New land will be created at the port to provide space for additional port traffic and to give Sifto additional space to stockpile salt during the winter months. The port expansion program project is expected to cost approximately $47 million, and will be financed in part through a $15.7 million infrastructure improvement grant from the province, along with funds from the Goderich Port Management Corporation. Sifto’s additional port fees, currently expected to total approximately $19 million over a 5-year period, would provide Sifto with a renewable 25-year lease on the new land. Project completion is scheduled for 2016. (Boa 2012)

The Port of Goderich is one of the newest members of “Hwy. H2O: The Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway System”—a program (www.hwyh2o.com) which promotes a 3700-kilometre marine highway that runs between Canada and the United States.

MRT Aggregates Inc., Trigan Resources Inc. – Methuen Township Operations Methuen Township is rich in a variety of mineral resources including the giant Unimin Canada Ltd. Blue Mountain nepheline syenite deposit that has been in production for over 6 decades. The first detailed mapping of the township was completed in 1956; the most recent mapping of the township was published in 2000. Understanding of the geology of the township has been further enhanced by high-resolution airborne magnetic and electromagnetic survey data completed by industry in 2008, which was purchased and published by the Ontario Geological Survey (2010).

There are 2 discrete mineral deposits located on the Trigan Resources–MRT Aggregates Inc. property in eastern Methuen Township: a gabbro diorite intrusive body that is currently extracted for use as trap rock and an ilmenite prospect that has been explored as a potential source of titanium dioxide. “Trap rock” is an industrial term that refers to any one of a number of dark coloured, non-granite, igneous extrusive or intrusive rocks suitable for use as crushed stone aggregate in asphalt and other construction materials.

During the 2012 field season, 3 visits were made to the Methuen Township property.

LOCATION AND ACCESS Trigan Resources Inc. holds 27 Mining Leases and 1 unpatented mining claim located on concessions III and IV, lots 7, 8 and 9 in the geographic township of Methuen in the County of Peterborough (UTM 271957E 4945393N, NAD83, Zone 18). The defined ilmenite deposit is located on Concession III, Lot 8 (northwest quarter) adjacent to the current quarry. To access the site, County Road 46 is taken approximately 25 km north from its junction with Highway 7 at the community of Havelock.

HISTORY Ilmenite mineralization in the Twin Lakes diorite in Methuen Township was first reported by Hewitt (1961). The report notes that, in 1956, claims had been staked over several small showings and prospecting, including small prospects pits and limited diamond drilling, had been completed (Hewitt 1961).

In 1969 and 1970, Trigan Resources Ltd. completed 29 shallow diamond-drill holes, totalling 1200 m, to explore the ilmenite potential of claims the company held on the prospect.

41 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

From 1981 to 1985, the property was optioned to the Canadian Nickel Company (Canico). The company re-logged and sampled existing drill core; completed detailed geological mapping; gravity and magnetometer surveys; completed an additional 1900 m of diamond drilling and metallurgical testing. An NI 43-101–non-compliant resource of 13.2 million tonnes of 21.7% TiO2, recoverable from open pit to a depth of 165 m, with a rock:ore ratio of 0.54 was defined (Ketchum, Scoates and Duke 1988). In 1985, the option was dropped.

In 1986, Trigan Resources Ltd. brought the 27 claims to mining lease. In 1998, the company began testing of the gabbro diorite host rock as a source of high-quality aggregate. Results were positive.

In 2000, Trigan Resources Inc. extracted a 20 000 tonne bulk sample from a small pit in the barren gabbro on the eastern side of the deposit for aggregate testing. Material from the pit met the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario criteria for high-quality aggregate for asphalt pavement.

In 2003, MRT Aggregates was formed as a partnership between Trigan Resources and the Miller Group to produce high-quality aggregate from the site. Since then, operations have extracted and crushed the gabbro as a source of high-quality aggregate. A 150 ha portion of the property is licenced under the Aggregate Resources Act, administered by the Ministry of Natural Resources. In 2004, an additional claim was recorded to secure the northwest extent of the gabbro body. In 2010, additional geological mapping was completed to define the northeast contact of the gabbro.

In 2008, Trigan Resources Inc. drilled 15 shallow, vertical, percussion-drill holes to define the eastern limits of the ilmenite mineralization to help establish quarry limits for the trap rock operation. Samples were collected over intervals of 12 feet and assayed where ilmenite mineralization was intersected.

The tonnage quarried by the company varies annually based on the demand for the product. In practice, all necessary blasting is completed once a year to meet projected production requirements. Crushing machinery is brought into the site as required. Weigh-scale equipment and a small office-lab building are located on site. At peak activity, 15 people are employed on site. Historically, all ore is crushed to –3/8 inch for Superpave™ application. However, in 2012, to expand the market for aggregate from the site, some of the ore was crushed to 2½ inch for use as railway ballast (D. Rogerson, MRT Aggregates Inc., personal communication, February 2012).

REGIONAL GEOLOGY Lumbers and Vertolli (2000) show the eastern half of the township to be underlain by northeast-trending, Mesoproterozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks intruded successively by diorite suite intrusive rocks; alaskite suite intrusive rocks and massive diorite with igneous texture. Metamorphic contact aureoles have been mapped, particularly around the diorite bodies. Middle Ordovician limestone outliers have been mapped in the southern portion of the township, including a well-known fossil-collecting site.

PROPERY GEOLOGY AND OBSERVATIONS On August 2012, the Resident Geologist and the District Geologists accompanied M. Anderson, Trigan Resources Inc., and D. Rogerson, MRT Aggregates Inc., on a tour of the ilmenite prospect and the operating trap rock quarry. The tour began at the office and weigh scale, then the operating quarry with a stop to collect samples at the blasted trap rock stockpile area. Next, samples were collected from the ilmenite unit and, finally, a visit was made to the small test pit from which the original bulk sample was collected.

The Twin Lakes diorite intrusion is a prominent feature topographically, geologically and on airborne magnetic survey maps; it is roughly elliptical in plan view (4 km long by 2 km wide) and is northeast striking. The intrusion has a thin marginal zone of diorite and gabbro, a predominant central zone of non-cumulate gabbro and a small zone of gabbronorite and oxide-rich cumulates. The ilmenite is hosted within the cumulate zone on the eastern side of the intrusion.

Visits were made to the site during active quarry operations and the quarry walls were somewhat obscured by stockpiles and crushing operations. Jointing typical of “trap rock” was evident in outcrop at the edge of the quarry

42 P.J. Sangster et al.

and examination of hand samples from the 140 000 tonnes of recently blasted ore provided the following descriptions.

Although the Twin Lakes intrusion has been mapped as a diorite, a variety of rock types were observed in the rock piles from massive diorite to gabbro with igneous texture and obvious plagioclase crystals and, in other areas, gabbro showing felsic minerals as contamination from adjacent paragneiss country rock. The majority of the samples of blasted rock examined were predominantly metagabbro (Photo 2).

Phipps (2011) describes the ilmenite deposit as a “pipe-like occurrence of semi-massive to ilmenite mineralization” hosted in a gabbroic anorthosite. Hand samples collected from the site during the property visit are notably heavy for the size of the samples. Samples are black, medium grained and have fine disseminations of ilmenite that are weakly magnetic. Minor amounts of hematite and pyrite were also seen. The weathered surface is brown.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Current quarry operations occupy only a small portion of the property held under mining lease by Trigan Resources Inc. in southeastern Methuen Township.

There is a growing demand for titanium dioxide, which is a non-toxic, powdered white pigment used in paint, plastics, rubber, paper and an almost endless variety of manufactured goods. Ilmenite is the source of 90% of the world’s titanium dioxide (Harben 1997). The large, unexploited reserve of ilmenite may be suitable for the production of titanium dioxide. Ilmenite has a specific gravity of approximately 4.8 suggesting that the lower grade ore could be suitable for use as heavy aggregate.

MRT Aggregates Inc. has demonstrated a continuing commitment to public education and maintaining a good relationship with the local community. For a number of years, MRT Aggregates has provided hundreds of samples of diorite from its quarry operation to the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada for Mining Matters teaching kits. Once a year, the company hosts an open house and tour for local residents and cottagers. In August 2012, the Resident Geologist’s Office participated in this event by providing a poster session and a talk on the local geology.

Photo 2. Metagabbro outcrop (in foreground) at MRT Aggregates Inc. Methuen Township operations.

43 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Danford Granite Ltd. – Hungerford Township

In October 2012, the District Geologist examined outcrops and diamond-drill core on the property of Danford Granite Ltd. in Hungerford Township. The company, which currently operates an aggregate quarry in Elzevir Township, about 250 m from the Hungerford property, intends to take the property to lease and obtain a licence to quarry granite for use as highway surfacing aggregate.

LOCATION AND ACCESS The property consists of 6 16-ha, unpatented mining claims comprising Concession XIV, lots 30, 31 and 32, in the northeast corner of Hungerford Township. Access is through the company’s operating quarry on the south side of Highway 7, about 9 km east of the junction with Highway 37.

EXPLORATION HISTORY There has been no previous exploration work documented on the property. The company’s quarry in Elzevir Township began production of granite aggregate in 2006. The adjacent Hungerford property was staked by J. Byer in 2009 and 100% ownership was transferred to Danford Granite Ltd. in 2011. The company completed geochemical analyses of bedrock samples in 2011 and a four-hole diamond-drilling program, totalling 200 m, in 2012. Two additional drill holes, totalling 75.25 m, were drilled at the eastern margin of the operating quarry.

GEOLOGY The property is located in the Mazinaw terrane of the Central Metasedimentary Belt, within the northern margin of the Addington pluton, an intrusion of foliated to gneissic biotite granite and quartz monzonite, which forms a prominent ridge along Highway 7 through the Tweed to Kaladar area (Wolff 1982). Foliation within the granite strikes northeast and dips 30 to 40° southeast, parallel to the strike and dip of carbonate and clastic, siliceous metasedimentary rocks to the north, as shown on the most recent geological map of the area (Easton 2001b).

Photo 3. Danford Granite Ltd. diamond-drill core (diameter 4.7 cm) from the Addington pluton in Hungerford Township. Bright white grains are peristerite crystals that exhibit blue schiller on wet or polished surface.

44 P.J. Sangster et al.

A traverse from the eastern margin of the operating quarry to drill-collar locations in Concession XIV, Lot 30 (north half), the area of the proposed new quarry, showed large outcrop areas of very uniform, pale pink, medium-grained, leucocratic granitic gneiss. Foliations consistently dip about 40° to the southeast and the rock is identical in appearance to that currently being quarried.

Diamond-drill core in all holes is also quite uniform throughout the entire length of the holes (vertical holes, depth 50 m). The only variations are a change from leucocratic gneiss containing less than 5% biotite to a mesocratic gneiss containing 5 to 10% biotite at a depth of about 30 m and minor occurrence of narrow (1–5 cm) quartz veins and pegmatitic quartz-feldspar leucosomes. The rock is composed of 50 to 60% feldspar, with approximately equal amounts of pink orthoclase and white plagioclase; 20 to 30% quartz; and 5 to 10% biotite, locally concentrated into discontinuous, millimetre-scale dark bands defining the foliation plane. An interesting feature, not noticeable on dry surface of the drill core, but visible when wet, is the presence of up to 2% peristerite (white feldspar grains showing blue schiller), which is shown in Photo 3.

One drill hole, located about 100 m east of the eastern wall of the quarry in Elzevir Township and about 400 m north of the proposed new quarry area, intersected biotite-rich metasedimentary rock at a vertical depth of 27 m, confirming the relatively shallow southeastward dip of siliceous metasedimentary rocks to the north below the Addington pluton.

MINERAL POTENTIAL Demand for the granite aggregate products from the operating quarry adjacent to the Hungerford property has been steadily increasing since the quarry opened in 2006. The material is sold throughout eastern Ontario and as far away as Hamilton (Hein 2012).

Based upon the thickness of the granite (approximately 30 m) above the underlying metasedimentary rocks in the area of the existing quarry and a consistent dip of about 40° to the south, the thickness of granite in the area of the new quarry, 400 m to the south, should be at least 350 m. There may be potential for development of the resource for aggregate production in the area tested by diamond drilling and in other parts of the claim group to the south and east.

There may also be potential for development of the granite of the Addington pluton as dimension stone, particularly in areas of low biotite content. The stone is competent, uniform, and has an attractive, pale pink colour with moderate gneissic texture. The presence of disseminated grains of peristerite, which will show blue flashes on a polished surface, may add to the marketability of the stone.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXPLORATION Carbonate-Hosted Talc in the Belmont Domain, Southeastern Ontario

In August 2010, Sherritt International announced the closure of the company’s Canada Talc Mine in Madoc. The closure of this operation left only 1 producing talc mine in Canada, the Imerys Talc Canada Inc. Penhorwood Mine and micronizing plant in northeastern Ontario. At the time of its closure, the Canada Talc Mine was the longest continuously operating underground mine in North America, having opened as the Henderson Mine in 1896. The Conley Mine, the northeastern strike extension of the Henderson zone, was discovered in 1911 and the 2 properties were combined in 1937 as Canada Talc Limited. Using the Canada Talc Mine as a deposit model, the marble belts of the Belmont domain in Madoc, Marmora, Lake and Tudor townships have potential for additional discoveries of high-grade, carbonate-hosted talc mineralization.

TALC USES AND CONSUMPTION In the United States, talc production in 2011 was estimated to be 615 000 tons (558 420 tonnes) valued at $20 million. Three companies operated 6 talc-producing mines, accounting for more than 99% of talc production in the United States. The total estimated use of talc in the United States, with imported talc included, was 26% plastics,

45 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

17% ceramics, 16% paint, 16% paper, 7% cosmetics, 6% roofing, 3% rubber and 9% other uses. The talc industry continued to be hampered by the slow economic recovery in the United States. While some industry sectors, such as automotive and general manufacturing, improved slightly in 2011, housing remained stagnant. This affected sales of talc for such product applications as adhesives, caulks, ceramics, joint compounds, paint and roofing. As a result, production and sales of talc in the United States increased only slightly from those of 2010 and remained far below levels attained just prior to the 2008 recession (United States Geological Survey 2012, p.160-161).

Imerys, in a 2011 market study, reports that the use of talc in an average passenger car increased by 45% from 4.9 kg in 2006 to 7.1 kg in 2010. Talc improves stiffness, impact resistance and dimensional stability of thermoplastic auto parts and, with the trend to reducing fuel consumption by decreasing the weight of vehicles, plastics are expected to account for 30% of vehicle weight by 2015, up from the current 15 to 20% level. Another consumer of talc, the paper and boxboard industry, is expected to grow over the next few years, in part driven by e-commerce and the need for packaging materials. The mineral content of paper, of which talc is a major component, increased from 15 to 35% in 1980 to 22 to 47% in 2010 and is expected to increase to 25 to 52% by 2020. The range reflects the differences in quality of paper, from uncoated stationery to glossy (graphic) paper. Although the paper market in North America and Europe is expected to decrease by up to 2% to 2015, the use of both paper and cardboard packaging in South America and Asia is expected to increase by up to 7% (Imerys, Investor Day presentation, January 12, 2012, Imerys Development Strategy—Performance and Filtration Minerals, www.imerys.com (under News and Media Center, Publications, Presentations - 2012, “Investor Day - Performance Minerals and Filtration - Pigments for Paper and Packaging”)).

CANADA TALC DEPOSIT MODEL Talc is the first mineral to form during progressive metamorphism of siliceous dolomitic limestone, according to the reaction: 3 dolomite + 4 quartz + l H2O = l talc + 3 calcite + 3 CO2 (Winkler 1979). With increasing temperature, tremolite is formed from the talc-calcite assemblage, followed by diopside-tremolite- quartz at higher grade metamorphism. These reactions indicate that talc should be present near the tremolite isograd in areas underlain by siliceous dolomitic marble, a model which can be applied to the Canada Talc deposit at Madoc.

The Canada Talc deposit occurs within marble of the Belmont domain, an area of middle to upper greenschist facies metamorphism in which quartz and dolomite coexist in carbonate rocks except in zones of higher metamorphic grade within thermal aureoles of intrusive bodies. The deposit occurs in a zone of tremolitic marble about 800 m northwest of the Moira granite. The host rock dolomitic sequence includes thin quartzite beds and stromatolitic marble consisting of alternating quartz and dolomite laminae (Simandl and Ogden 1982), which is evidence of a pre-metamorphism environment with the ingredients necessary for the formation of talc.

There are 2 types of ore: a very pure, white talc zone 7 to 25 m wide, known as the Henderson orebody, and a zone of low-grade, talcose, tremolitic dolomite containing 20 to 60% talc. In both cases, there has been retrograde metamorphism of tremolite to talc (Hewitt 1972). The lithological sequence from southeast to northwest through the Henderson orebody is 1) dark grey to black phyllite; 2) micaceous, tremolitic dolomite; 3) steatized dolomite; 4) high-grade talc ore; 5) laminated tremolitic dolomite (possibly altered stromatolitic dolomite); 6) siliceous, stromatolitic dolomite; 7) mottled grey-white dolomite; and 8) an undifferentiated thick dolomite sequence. The presence of laminated tremolitic dolomite adjacent to stromatolitic dolomite, consisting of coexisting quartz and dolomite laminae, suggests that these units represent the outer limit of the thermal metamorphic aureole of the Moira granite. The talc zone, therefore, has formed within siliceous dolomitic host rock close to the boundary between low and medium-grade metamorphic conditions at the margin of the thermal aureole of the Moira granite, by prograde metamorphism to tremolite followed by retrograde metamorphism to talc. Previous explanations of the origin of the talc zone (Wilson 1926; Spence 1940; Hewitt 1972) involve siliceous hydrothermal fluids originating from the Moira granite being introduced into the dolomite sequence along structural channels. However, although some structural control may have been involved in the circulation of fluids, it is not necessary to assume an external source of silica and water. The contribution of the Moira granite to the formation of the talc deposit may have been only heat, in which case talc and tremolite alteration zones should be expected near the margin of the thermal aureole of any igneous intrusions, whether mafic or felsic, in areas of siliceous dolomitic marble of low regional metamorphic grade.

46 P.J. Sangster et al.

An example of talc mineralization associated with proximity to a mafic intrusion is found in Belmont Township, about 30 km west of Madoc, where a series of metamorphic zones has been mapped in stromatolitic dolomite within the thermal aureole of the Cordova gabbro. DeKemp (1984) identified metamorphic zones increasing in grade toward the gabbro with the assemblages: 1) dolomite-quartz-calcite, 2) talc-quartz-calcite, 3) tremolite-talc-calcite, and 4) diopside-tremolite-quartz. The talc occurrence, located near the isograd marking the first appearance of tremolite, consists of up to 80% talc pseudomorphic after tremolite. Marble adjacent to the talc zone displays relict stromatolitic structures and, in the surrounding area, domal and columnar stromatolites consisting of quartz and dolomite laminae have been observed (DeKemp 1984). The similarity of the talc mineralization and host rocks in Belmont Township to those at the Canada Talc Mine suggests that there is potential for significant talc mineralization in carbonates bordering the Cordova gabbro. With the exception of one overgrown trench within the talc zone, there is no record of exploration for talc in this area.

TALC POTENTIAL IN THE BELMONT DOMAIN Based upon the deposit model described above, the Belmont domain hosts geological conditions favourable for the formation of talc deposits. Figure 6 shows the locations of several talc occurrences within areas of marble intruded by mafic to felsic plutons. This part of the Belmont domain is characterized by middle to upper greenschist facies metamorphic assemblages with higher grade assemblages noted adjacent to intrusive rocks (Easton 1992).

Figure 6. Talc occurrences within areas of marble intruded by mafic to felsic plutons, such as the Cordova gabbro (CG), Deloro granite (DG), Gawley Creek syenite (GS), Moira granite (MG) and Tudor gabbro (TG). Geology from Ontario Geological Survey (2006).

47 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Areas of dolomitic and stromatolitic marble that may contain the combination of dolomite and quartz necessary for the formation of talc have been identified by Bartlett and DeKemp (1987). Structural features such as fold hinges and faults within the favourable host rocks should also be investigated for talc mineralization. Topographic lows within areas of relatively resistant tremolitic marble may represent areas of shearing or faulting, which may host softer, more talc-rich zones.

The high-brightness and whiteness of carbonate-hosted ore at the Canada Talc Mine allowed operators of the mine to produce a range of products from high-purity talc to low-purity talc-dolomite filler and decorative aggregate without the need for flotation beneficiation.

The talc occurrences of the Belmont domain and other parts of the Central Metasedimentary Belt in southeastern Ontario are described in detail by LeBaron and van Haaften (1989).

Base Metal Potential in the Harvey–Cardiff Domain, Southeastern Ontario Easton (2012) provides recommendations for exploration for marble-hosted zinc and intrusive-related copper mineralization in the Harvey–Cardiff domain and adjacent rocks of the Bancroft terrane of southeastern Ontario (Figure 7). The recommendations include • copper, molybdenum and zinc potential in the Miskwaa pluton in Harvey Township • massive sulphide potential in the Salerno Creek deformation zone in southwestern Cavendish Township and its northeastward extension through parts of Glamorgan, Monmouth and Anstruther townships • zinc potential in marble of the Harvey–Cardiff domain and adjacent Bancroft terrane

A surficial sediment sampling synoptic study by Kettles and Shilts (1986) indicates a concentration of copper and zinc anomalies in till along the western margin of the Burleigh gneiss dome in the Harvey–Cardiff domain. The largest (100 percentile) anomaly for both copper and zinc occurs in the area of Mississauga and Catchacoma lakes, between the Burleigh and Anstruther gneiss domes.

Mineral occurrences and geological studies supporting the recommendations are described below.

COPPER ± MOLYBDENUM ± ZINC OCCURRENCES, HARVEY TOWNSHIP In 1932, Ontario Hydro constructed a power line across the narrows between Pigeon Lake and Big Bald Lake in Harvey Township, about 30 km north of Peterborough. During blasting for the foundations of poles on the north shore, considerable amounts of chalcopyrite, bornite and malachite were noted. The mineralization did not crop out at surface and there is no record of any follow-up exploration activity at that time. Several years later, copper mineralization was discovered in similar rocks about 20 km to the north in Cavendish Township and, in 1964, copper mineralization was exposed about 4 km north of the narrows during construction of Road 36 between Nogies Creek and Flynn’s Turn (Greene 1965).

Geological mapping of Harvey Township by Morton (1983a, 1983b) places the copper occurrences within a narrow, northeasterly trending belt of metavolcanic and metasedimentary rocks along the western margin of the Miskwaa monzonitic pluton (see Figure 7), interpreted as belonging to the Methuen suite of felsic intrusive rocks (1210 to 1245 Ma: Easton 2012). Sphalerite was also noted in some occurrences at the southern end of the belt, south of Little Bald Lake. Additional occurrences of chalcopyrite and molybdenite with pyrite, bornite and magnetite were located within the monzonite and were classified into 3 distinct types, summarized by Easton (2012, p.96) as follows: • quartz-magnetite stringers, veins and open-space fillings, containing minor disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite with or without traces of bornite and molybdenite, in breccia zones close to the centre of the pluton • chalcopyrite, molybdenite and pyrite, associated with quartz, potassium feldspar and biotite in stringers along the outer margins of the intrusion • minor disseminated molybdenite, pyrite and magnetite in calcite fracture fillings, within local zones of intense shearing in the pluton. The chalcopyrite content seldom exceeds 0.1 to 0.5% of the host rock.

48 P.J. Sangster et al.

There has been very little exploration work done on the Harvey Township copper occurrences. Two short diamond- drill holes completed by W.N. Millar in the area of the Bald Lake–Pigeon Lake narrows in 1968 intersected quartz- biotite gneiss with a maximum sulphide content of 10 to 15% pyrite over a 1.5 m core length (Millar 1968). In 1975–1976, Imperial Oil Limited tested a ground radiometric anomaly within the Miskwaa pluton on the north side of Road 36 (Morton 1983b, see Occurrence No. 5) with 4 diamond-drill holes. Only traces of uranium mineralization were detected, which were associated with a zone of carbonate-bearing metasedimentary rocks and dikes of granite gneiss and/or stringers of quartz and magnetite within the intrusion (Morton 1983a).

The presence of base metals in and adjacent to the Miskwaa pluton combined with the low level of historical exploration activity suggests that additional exploration is warranted. Easton (2012) suggests that some of the gneissic rocks in Harvey and Cavendish townships that were previously identified as metavolcanic rocks may be intrusive in origin and that other plutonic rocks of the Methuen suite in the Harvey–Cardiff domain might be favourable targets for exploration. The association of magnetite, copper and uranium may also be indicative of an iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) mineralizing system, similar to that of the Deloro granite (Methuen suite) in Marmora Township, also recommended for IOCG potential (Sangster et al. 2008).

Figure 7. Zinc and copper occurrences in the Harvey–Cardiff domain and adjacent rocks of the Bancroft terrane. Geology from Ontario Geological Survey (2006).

49 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

SALERNO CREEK DEFORMATION ZONE SULPHIDE OCCURRENCES The following information is summarized from Easton (2012).

The Salerno Creek deformation zone marks the boundary between the Harvey–Cardiff domain and the Bancroft terrane (see Figure 7). The zone contains a range of irregularly layered to straight layered gneisses derived from mylonitized intrusive rocks and rocks of unknown protolith. Primary textures are preserved within the cores of some of the larger igneous masses within the deformation zone.

Massive pyrite and pyrrhotite mineralization occurs on both the east and west margins of the Salerno Creek deformation zone, just east of Salmon Lake in the northwestern quadrant of Cavendish Township. On the eastern side, the sulphides are found in calcite-quartz-diopside-garnet-sulphide alteration zones hosted in mafic gneiss. On the western side, massive pyrite and pyrrhotite mineralization occurs in a rusty schist unit up to 100 m wide and 400 m long, hosted in fine-grained granitoid gneiss.

The sulphide zones on opposite sides of the deformation zone appear to be structurally controlled and may be late syn-deformational or post-deformational. If the deformation zone served as a conduit for deeper sourced mineralizing fluids, there may be potential for additional sulphide mineralization along the zone through Galway, Cavendish, Glamorgan and Monmouth townships.

ZINC OCCURRENCES IN MARBLE Several occurrences of marble-hosted zinc mineralization occur in the Harvey–Cardiff domain and adjacent Belmont terrane (see Figure 7). Those occurrences in the Harvey–Cardiff domain are hosted by interlayered calc-silicate and clean dolomitic marble, with a close spatial association to volcanic rocks. In the Bancroft terrane, deposits are similar but lack the association with volcanic rocks (Easton 2012).

In the Harvey–Cardiff domain, Northgate Exploration Limited (1989) reported assays of 9700 to 30 000 ppm Zn from 2 outcrop areas south of the Salmon Lake Road in northwestern Cavendish Township. Just north of the same road, a 900 m long zone of anomalous zinc values in soil was outlined (Pitman 1993a, 1993b). Teck Exploration Limited (1997) completed 5 drill holes in the area, only 2 of which tested the area of the soil anomalies, and did not detect any significant mineralization in bedrock. In 1979, just south of the Salmon Lake Road and about 1 km west of Road 507, St. Joseph Exploration Limited located 2 areas of zinc mineralization consisting of soil anomalies of 350 to 3000 ppm Zn and drill-hole intersections of 1.81% Zn over 2.0 m and 0.56% Zn over 3.0 m (Soever 1980).

St. Joseph Exploration also discovered significant zinc mineralization in marble of the Bancroft terrane at Salerno Lake in Snowdon Township in the late 1970s (see Figure 7). Disseminated sphalerite occurs with pyrite in grey, dolomitic marble, which is interlayered with siliceous dolomite units within a 250 to 550 m thick sequence bounded by calcitic marble within a southerly plunging synform. After diamond drilling 85 holes, totalling 15 805 m, from 1977 to 1980, the company reported reserves totalling 1.1 million tonnes averaging 5.8% Zn in 2 separate zones (A. Soever 1980).

50 P.J. Sangster et al.

Tables 8 through 16 list currently inactive mineral deposits with identified resources and past-producing mineral occurrences.

Table 8. Historic production of copper, lead, zinc – Southeastern Ontario District.

Mine Township Operating Tons Milled Production Kingdon Fitzroy 1884–1885, 905 000 76 821409 pounds Pb concentrate; 857 312 pounds Zn concentrate; 1914–1931 60 074 072 pounds Pb recovered Long Lake Olden 1897–1925, 3442, $41 550 ore value, 9467 tons Zn valued at $1 227 000 1973–1974 not available Eldorado Copper Madoc 1906 not available 234 000 pounds Cu matte containing 230 ounces Au, 182 ounces Ag, 109 000 pounds Cu Hollandia Lead Madoc 1903–1906 not available 2 653 365 pounds Pb

Table 9. Historic production of gold – Southeastern Ontario District.

Mine Township Operating Years Tons Milled Ounces Produced Grade (ounces/ton) Big Dipper Barrie 1907–1909 52 17 0.33 Cook Marmora 1901–1904 1483 289 0.26 Cordova Belmont 1892 120 670 22 774 0.19 Craig Tudor 1905–1906 1850 248 0.13 Deloro Marmora 1897–1902 39 143 10 360 0.26 Gatling 5 Acre Marmora 1900–1903 6114 2353 0.38 Gilmour Grimsthorpe 1909–1910 550 172 0.31 Golden Fleece Kaladar 1919–1922 unknown 480 unknown Ledyard Belmont 1893–1994 55 13 0.24 Pearce Marmora 1893–1908 239 302 1.26 Richardson Madoc 1866–1868 unknown 75 – 100 0.408 Sophia Madoc 1900–1941 1800 110 0.06 Sovereign Marmora 1878 unknown 970 unknown 1892–1900 1962 370 0.19 Star of the East Barrie 1905–1907 976 134 0.14 Total 174 894 38 592

Table 10. Historic production of fluorite – Southeastern Ontario District.

Mine MDI Number Township Operating Years Total Production (Tons) Bailey 31C06NW00003 Madoc 1907, 1916, 1917, 1944–1950 25 000 Blakely 31C06NW00019 Huntingdon 1918–1920, 1928, 1941–1947 5026 Coe 31C06NW00008 Huntingdon 1941–1942 114 Dwyer 31E01SE00091 Cardiff 1918–1920, 1943, 1944 97 Herrington South 31C05NE00009 Huntingdon 1917 13 Howard, Fred Hill 31C06NW00014 Huntingdon 1918, 1920, 1929, 1940–1942, 1944 2500 Johnston 31C06NW00013 Huntingdon 1943, 1944–1947, 1949 187 Keene 31C06NW00004 Huntingdon 1918–1919, 1943, 1944, 1950 5000 Kilpatrick 31C06NW00005 Huntingdon 1944, 1953–1959 11 566 Lee Junior 31C05NE00008 Madoc 1917, 1940, 1943–1945 2000 Lee Senior 31C05NE00006 Madoc 1916–1918, 1942, 1943 1600

51 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Mine MDI Number Township Operating Years Total Production (Tons) McIlroy 31C05NE00003 Madoc 1917–1918, 1923, 1944 540 Miller 31C05NE00005 Madoc 1917–1919 460 Noyes 31C06NW00011 Huntingdon 1917–1920, 1941–1943 25 000 Palmateer 31C06NW00016 Huntingdon 1942 44 Perry 31C06NW00009 Huntingdon 1915–1920, 1941–1943 8000 Perry Lake 31C06NW00007 Huntingdon 1910, 1913, 1915, 1917, 1952, 1960 4000 Ponton 31C05NE00004 Madoc 1929–1942 1500 Rogers 31C06NW00018 Huntingdon 1909–1914, 1943–1951 45 000 Rooks 31C12SE00003 Madoc 1916–1918 100 South Reynolds 31C06NW00010 Huntingdon 1917–1918, 1943 100 Wallbridge & Herrington 31C05NE00007 Madoc 1920–1922, 1941–1943 6600 William Reynolds 31C12SE00002 Madoc 1941–1942 88 Fluorspar, a commercial fluorite product, is used as a flux in the making of steel and ceramics, as a constituent in the electrolytic process of making aluminum and in the production of hydrofluoric acid (HF). During World War II, a Canadian Government assistance program in the form of loans and drill hole explorations stimulated development of the Madoc deposits (Guillet 1964, p.1).

Table 11. Historic production of iron – Southeastern Ontario District.

Mine Township Operating Years Tons Milled Grade (% Fe) Calabogie Bagot 1883–1901 10 000 26 Martel Bagot pre-1890 2000 58.71 Williams (Black Bay) Bagot 1880–1890 25 000 51.89 Black Lake Bedford 1882–1884 4000 40 Glendower Bedford 1873–1895 50 000 50 – 60 Belmont (Ledyard) Belmont 1899–1900, 1911–1913 8433 51.2 Blairton Belmont 1820–1875 300 000 51.8 Playfair (Dalhousie) Dalhousie 1866–1871 11 100 57.6 Radnor Grattan 1901–1907 18 824 47.5 Eagle Lake (Blessington) Hinchinbrooke 1887–1891 700 65.55 Tomahawk (Mag-Iron) Lake 1947, 1950–1957 2096 50.9 Wilbur Lavant pre-1900, 1907–1908 146 892 56.69 Magnetawan Lount 1910–1912 6000 59.55 Paxton Lutterworth pre-1910 1000 not available Miller Madoc 1899 6823 not available Wallbridge Madoc 1900–1901, 1919, 1921 3421 not available Marmoraton Marmora 1952–1978 28 000 000 40 Bessemer Mayo 1902–1913 99 613 42.18 Childs Mayo 1913 9649 38.7 McNab McNab 1873–1874 15 000 68 Robertsville & Mary Palmerston 1895, 1900–1901, 1918–1909 13 477 70.5 Fournier S. Sherbrooke 1873 600 60 Howland Snowdon 1880–1882 1500 58 Victoria Snowdon 1882 unknown 58.35 Dog Lake Storrington 1899 600 51.12 St. Charles Tudor 1900–1902 5186 57 – 60 Coe Hill Wollaston 1884–1914 100 000 51.4 Total 28 841 914

52 P.J. Sangster et al.

Table 12. Past-producing magnetite mines – Southeastern Ontario District.

Deposit / Mineral Deposit Inventory Description Reference Township Number / Status Belmont (Ledyard) MDI31C12SW00004 Drilling from 1906 indicated 200 000 tons of concentrating ore MRC 11, Belmont Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) p.287 Bessemer MDI31F04SE00012 Reserves estimated at 2 480 819 tons averaging 28.62% recoverable Fe from MRC 11, Mayo Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) 4 deposits p.167 Black Lake MDI31C10SE00026 Disseminations and massive magnetite in exposed widths from 10 to 50 feet MRC 11, Bedford Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) p.134 Blairton MDI31C05NW00026 1914 reserves calculated at 1 800 000 tons of 51.8% Fe and 0.5 million tons of MRC 11, Belmont Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) 54.9% Fe p.288 Bluff Point MDI31F07SE00011 Two main magnetite-bearing zones, each about 500 feet long and 40 feet wide MRC 11, Bagot Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) p.313 Calabogie MDI31F07SE00009 The deposit contains 27 200 000 tons of ore grading 22.28% Fe proven by MDC 20, Bagot Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) diamond drilling, recoverable by open pit p.67 Chaffey MDI31C09NW00011 Reserves estimated to a depth of 500 feet are 11 110 000 gross tons averaging MRC 11, South Crosby Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) 29.76% Fe p.258 Childs MDI31F04SE00013 Reserves estimated at 6 193 330 tons averaging 19.25% recoverable Fe MRC 11, Mayo Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) p.169 Coe Hill MDI31C13SW00010 Reserves estimated in 1914 at 600 000 tons averaging 51.4% Fe MRC 11, Wollaston Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) p.177-178 Glendower MDI31C10SE00022 Early drilling indicated massive and disseminated ore at a depth of 500 feet MRC 11, Bedford Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) p.135 Grattan (Radnor) MDI31F06NE00017 Proven reserves of 3 639 600 tons to a vein depth of 363 feet and indicated MDC 20, Grattan Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) reserves of 9 099 000 tons to a vertical depth of 600 feet, averaging 27.74% Fe p.98 Howland MDI31D15SE00096 Magnetite in a zone 25 feet in diameter at surface and larger with depth MRC 11, Snowdon Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) p.149 Marmoraton MDI31C05NE-00014 27 966 762 tons of ore averaging 42.8% Fe produced OFR 5515, Marmora Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) p.322 Martel MDI31F07SE00013 Magnetite body 20 feet thick, dipping 60° southeast MRC 11, Bagot Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) p.317 Matthews MDI31C09NW00009 Estimated reserves to depth of 400 to 500 feet are 33 727 000 gross tons averaging MRC 11, North Crosby Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) 25.08% Fe, which includes 11 861 000 gross tons averaging 31.36% Fe p.257 Radenhurst and MDI31F02NE00012 Main zone with indicated tonnage of 6500 tons of ore per slope foot averaging MRC 11, Caldwell (Past Prod. w Reserves) 32.77% Fe. Three additional zones totalling 1600 feet in length, averaging p.251 Lavant Tp. 17.08%, 16.71% and 25.50% Fe Rankin MDI31F04SE00016 Reserves estimated at 15 691 599 tons containing 15.3% recoverable Fe MRC 11, Mayo Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) p.170 Robertsville MDI31C15NE00005 Two zones, Robertsville Mine is 700 feet long and 50 feet wide and the Mary MRC 11, Palmerston Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) Mine 900 feet to northwest p.141 St. Charles MDI31C13SE00014 Three main deposits within an area of approximately 13 500 square feet MRC 11, Tudor Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) p.176 Summit Lake MDI31F02SW00032 Published reserves in 1993 estimated at 3 Mt averaging 40% Fe; reserve estimate MP 161, (Tomclid) (Past Prod. w Reserves) has not been adjusted to reflect production from the deposit in late 1990s p.377 South Canonto Tp. Tomahawk MDI31C12NW00002 Lenses and patches of magnetite occur over a strike length of approximately MRC 11, Lake Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) 1000 feet p.155 Victoria MDI31D15SE00098 Deposit was worked from a trench 240 feet long and 16 feet wide MRC 11, Snowdon Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) p.150 Wilbur MDI31F02SE00009 Nine workings reported MRC 11, Lavant Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) p.252 Williams MDI31F07SW00027 Two zones of magnetite, approximately 800 and 240 feet long, 20 feet wide MRC 11, Bagot Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) p.318 Yuill MDI31F02NE00009 Lens of high-grade magnetite, 30 m long and 9 m wide, mined to a depth of MDC 20, Darling Tp. (Past Prod. w/o Reserves) 21 m p.92 Note: The resource estimates listed in this table are historic figures generated by past workers and do not follow the required disclosure for reserves and resources as outlined in National Instrument 43-101.

53 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Table 13. Uranium deposits not currently being mined in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012.

Deposit MDI Number Commodity Reserve Reserve Township Reference Zenmac MDI31D09NE-00033 U, Th Indicated and inferred reserves are estimated at OFR 5311, Burleigh, Anstruther Tps. (Developed Prospect w Reserves) 406 000 tons grading 1.77 pounds U3O8 per ton p.461 Pole Star MDI31D09NE-00042 U Estimated size and grade from diamond drilling is OFR 5635, Burleigh, Anstruther Tps. (Prospect) 370 000 tonnes averaging 0.8 kg U3O8 or double p.199-200 using a lower grade of 0.6 kg/tonne Canadian Dyno MDI31D16NE-00032 U, Th Reserves of possible ore were estimated at OFR 5311, Cardiff Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) 500 000 tons grading 0.065% U3O8 p.71-72 Bicroft (Centre Lake) MDI31D16NE-00043 U, Th Estimated reserves above 1200 foot level: OFR 5311, Cardiff Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) 559 000 tons grading 2.0 pounds U3O8 per ton p.66-67 before dilution (1960) Blue Rock Occurrence MDI31D16NE-00143 U, REE Reserves estimated at 292 444 tons at OFR 5311, Monmouth Tp. (Developed Prospect w Reserves) 0.095% U3O8 within 500 feet of shaft & to a p.132, 133 depth of 600 feet; 56 720 tons at 0.120% U3O8 to a depth of 200 feet in the Lake Zone Empire B Zone MDI31D16NE-00146 U, Th, F Drilling has indicated reserves of 2 179 166 tons OFR 5311, Monmouth Tp. (Developed Prospect w Reserves) grading 0.726 pounds U3O8 per ton p.135 Kenmac Chibougamau MDI31D16NE-00165 U, Th Estimated reserves: 200 000 tons averaging OFR 5311, Cardiff Tp. (Prospect) 0.20% U3O8 (1955) p.101 Rare Earth #1 MDI31D16NW-00195 REE, U, Th Official estimated reserves 541 821 tons indicated MRC 4, Monmouth Tp. (Developed Prospect w Reserves) averaging 0.116% U3O8 (1957) p.26 Farcroft MDI31D16SE-00059 U not known Anstruther Tp. (Developed Prospect w/o Reserves) Garland MDI31D16SW-00093 U, Th not known Anstruther Tp. (Prospect) Cavendish MDI31D16SW-00099 U, Th Estimated reserves: 435 624 tons grading OFR 5311, Cavendish Tp. (Prospect) 0.096% U3O8 (chemical) p.476 Bicroft (Croft) MDI31E01SE-00224 U Estimated reserves in 3 zones: 979 810 tons OFR 5311, Cardiff Tp. (Prospect) grading 1.20 pounds U3O8 per ton p.84-85 Fission MDI31E01SE-00235 U, Th, F not known Cardiff Tp. (Prospect) Baumhour–Campbell MDI31E01SE0-0248 U, Th not known Faraday Tp. (Prospect) Mell–Quirke MDI31F04NE-00067 U, Th not known Monteagle Tp. (Prospect) Greyhawk Mine MDI31F04SW-00036 U, Th Estimated reserves of 0.2 million tons grading MDC 23, Faraday Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) 0.065% U3O8 p.62 Faraday/Madawaska Mine MDI31F04SW-00037 U, Th Proven and probable reserves of 1 023 086 tons at MDC 23, Faraday Tp. (Past Prod. w Reserves) 0.145% U3O8 (1976) p.60 Note: The resource estimates listed in this table are historic figures generated by past workers and do not follow the required disclosure for reserves and resources as outlined in National Instrument 43-101.

54 P.J. Sangster et al.

Table 14. Mineral deposits not currently being mined in the Southeastern Ontario District in 2012. (Note: table does not include nepheline syenite, trap rock, REE and dimension stone deposits.)

Abbreviations AF ...... Assessment Files MDI ...... Mineral Deposit Inventory AR ...... Annual Report MLS ...... Mining Lands, Sudbury CAMH ...... Canadian and American Mines Handbook MP ...... Miscellaneous Paper CMH...... Canadian Mines Handbook NM ...... The Northern Miner GR ...... Geological Report OFR ...... Open File Report MDC...... Mineral Deposit Circular [No.15–] PC ...... Personal Communication [formerly Mineral Resources Circular, No.1-14] Status: A; E; I; M ...... Active; Exploration; Inactive, Mining

Deposit MDI File Number Status Commodity Reserves Reserve Township Reference Ore Chimney Prospect MDI31C14SE-00142 AE Ag, Au, Zn, 11 000 tons above the 500-foot level MDC 12, p.132 Barrie Township (SO 1130) Pb Averages: 0.2 ounces per ton Au, 5.64 MDC 18, p.33 ounces per ton Ag, 2.0% Zn, 1.0% Pb Macassa Nickel MDI31C13SE-00099 AE Ni, Cu 2 000 000 tons @ 1.0% Ni, 0.25% Cu MDC 12, p1.38 Limerick Township (SO 0595) Renfrew Zinc (Renprior) MDI31F07NE-00063 AE Zn 16 000 tons @ 10.5% Zn to a depth of MDC 12, p.226 Admaston Township (SO 0286) 30 m; Breakwater Resources optioned the MDC 20, p.17 property to Noranda Mining and Exploration in 1996 Harvey Simon Prospect MDI31F03NW-00044 AE Cu, Fe, Zn 250 000 tons @ 1.1% Cu to 350 feet MDC 12, p.226 Lyndoch Township (SO 0259) MDC 20, p.45 Clyde Forks Deposit MDI31F02SE-00064 I Cu, Sb, Ag, 60 000 tons @ 0.67% Cu, 0.37% Sb, MDC 20, p.36 Lavant Township (SO 0351) Hg 0.03% Hg, 1.32 ounces per ton Ag

Twin Lakes Diorite MDI31C12NW-00114 AE Ti 13.2 Mt of 21.7% TiO2, recoverable from Kingston, Methuen Township (SO 3840) open pit to a depth of 165 m, with rock:ore MacKinnon and ratio = 0:54. Diorite wall rock is currently Caley (1990, being mined by MRT Aggregates for trap p.99) rock. Grattan Deposit MDI31F06NE-00017 AE Fe Proven: 3 639 600 tons to a vein depth of MDC 20, p.98 Grattan Township (SO 0270) 363 feet. Indicated: 9 099 000 tons to a vertical depth of 600 feet @ average grade of 27.74% Fe Radenhurst–Caldwell Deposit MDI31F02NE-00012 I Fe Main lens 2000 feet long by 31.3 feet MDC 20, p104 Lavant Township (SO 0349) wide; contains 6500 tons per slope foot at a grade of 32.77% Fe; 3 additional zones totalling 1600 feet in length average 17%, 16.7% and 25.5% Fe Bessemer Deposit MDI31F04SE-00012 AE Fe No.4 deposit 2 480 819 tons @ 28.62% MDC 20, p.110 Mayo Township (SO 0235) recoverable Fe. In 2007–2008, deposit was evaluated as source of iron. Childs Deposit MDI31F04SE-00013 AE Fe 6 193 330 tons @ 19.25% recoverable Fe. MDC 20, p.114 Mayo Township (SO 0236) In 2007–2008, deposit was evaluated as source of iron. Calabogie Magnetite Property / MDI31F07SE-00009 AE Fe Reserves of 45 million tons @ 25% Fe to MDC 11, p.314 Algoma Ore Prop. Ltd. (SO 0353) 500 feet and 28% Fe to 1000 feet Bagot Township Buckhorn Deposit MDI31F07NE-00069 I Mo Largest of numerous small lenses contains MDC 20, p.132 Bagot Township (SO0362) 1500 tons @ 1% MoS2 Bannockburn MDI31C12NE-00195 A Au 225 000 tons grading 0. 267 ounces per MP 161, p.377 (Madoc Mining Company Ltd.) (SO 7274) ton Au Madoc Township Cooper MDI31C11SW-00044 I Au, talc 3 Mt @ 30–33% recoverable talc and OFR 5945, p.92; Spruce Ridge Resources Ltd. (SO 2679) 40 000 t @ 8.0 g/t Au OFR 5808, p.79 Elzevir Township

55 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Deposit MDI File Number Status Commodity Reserves Reserve Township Reference Dingman Deposit MDI31C12SE-00040 AE Au 7 Mt @ 1.8 g/t Au OFR 5958, Marmora Township (SO 3590) p.11-13 Hawley MDI31C10NW-00117 I Wollastonite 2.5 Mt @ 32% wollastonite to a vertical OFR 5943, p.337 Ram Petroleum Limited (SO 4057) depth of 75 m Olden Township Marmora MDI31C12SE-00096 I Wollastonite 450 000 t (open pit) @ 47% wollastonite, OFR 5715, p.50 Gitennes Exploration Inc. (SO 3729) plus 680 000 t @ 39% wollastonite in a Marmora Township separate zone Trudeau MDI31C11SW-00049 A Calcite, 4 Mt high-purity dolomite; no reserve OFR 5958, C. Roger Young (SO 1192) dolomite estimate available for the calcite zone p.11-11 Hungerford Township Verona–Kirkham MDI31C10SE-00023 A Graphite 1.6 Mt grading 9.5% graphite in 2 separate MDC 33, p.16 Stewart Lake Resources Inc. (SO 1244) zones Bedford Township Cal Graphite Corp. MDI31E11NE-00004 AE Graphite Reserves of 60 Mt grading 3% graphitic MDC 33, p.10 Butt Township (N0129) carbon – Ontario Graphite Ltd. development project 2011 Globe Graphite Mine MDI31C16SE-00016 I Graphite 500 000 t of approximately 7% graphite MDC 33, p.25 North Elmsley Township (SO 1604) below mined out portion to the 300-foot level Cordova Mine MDI31C12SW-00005 AE Gold 115 982 tons grading OFR 5808, p.43 Belmont Township (SO 1670) 0.21 ounces per ton Au Newboro Prospect MDI31C09NW-00009 I Iron, 45 Mt proven and probable averaging OFR 5515, p.316 North and South Crosby (SO1466) titanium 26.24% Fe, 6.60% TiO2 townships MDI31C09NW-00011 (SO1469) Madawaska Mine MDI31F04SW-00037 I Uranium Measured reserve of 385 193 short tons OFR 5515, p.393 Faraday Township (SO0223) grading 0.143% U3O8, 1 098 283 pounds U3O8; indicated reserve of 450 988 short tons grading 0.158%

U3O8, 1 427 195 pounds U3O8, total reserves of 836 181 short tons grading 0.151% U3O8, 2 525 478 pounds U3O8 Addington Mine MDI31C11NE-00010 I Gold Total geological reserve of 758 000 tons OFR 5808, p.71 Kaladar Township (SO0882) grading 0.14 ounces per ton Au Dominion Magnesium MDI31F10SE-00002 I Dolomitic Production rate was 1000 tons of dolomite OFR 6222, p.6 (Timminco) Deposit (SO0068) marble weekly. No reserve estimate available. Ross Township (magnesium Production from purchased feedstock metal) ceased in 2008. Note: The resource estimates listed in this table are historic figures generated by past workers and do not follow the required disclosure for reserves and resources as outlined in National Instrument 43-101.

56 P.J. Sangster et al.

Table 15. Mineral deposits not currently being mined in the Southwestern Ontario District in 2012.

Abbreviations AF ...... Assessment Files MDI ...... Mineral Deposit Inventory AR ...... Annual Report MLS ...... Mining Lands, Sudbury CAMH ...... Canadian and American Mines Handbook MR ...... Mining Recorder CMH...... Canadian Mines Handbook NM ...... The Northern Miner GR ...... Geological Report OFR ...... Open File Report IMR ...... Industrial Mineral Report PC ...... Personal Communication MDC...... Mineral Deposit Circular [No.15–] PRW ...... Petroleum Resources Well No. [formerly Mineral Resources Circular, No.1-14]

Deposit Name / Commodity Tonnage-Grade Estimates Ownership Reserve References* Status NTS and/or Dimensions References Amherstburg Quarry silica Silica 20 m thick over 66 ha Amherst Quarries OFR 5861, p.32 Inactive 6 prospect (20–26 ×10 t @ 94% SiO2) (1969) Ltd. IMR 9, p.29, 31 (40J/03SE) Big Creek 1 Silica 19.5 m thick @ 25 m N/A IMR 9, p.29 Inactive (40J/03SE) (10 ×106 t of sandstone) Big Creek 1 Silica 14.6 m thick @ 34.4 m N/A IMR 9, p.29 Inactive (40J/03SE) (10 ×106 t of sandstone) Dow–Moore 2-20-12 Salt 21 m thick @ 698 m N/A PRW Inactive (40J/16NW) 73 m thick @ 582 m Dow–Moore 2-20-XII 114 m thick @ 410 m Eastnor–Lindsay prospect Dolomite 60 ×106 t dolomite N/A PRW Inactive (41H/03SW) @ <0.10% impurities OGS Lindsay 7-III W (SiO2+Fe2O3+Al2O3) Imperial Oil No.560, Salt 32.2 m thick @ 612.6 m N/A PRW Sombra 2-12-H Inactive Sombra 2-12-H, 84.1 m thick @ 490.7 m Gormlay No. 1 46.9 m thick @ 388.6 m (40J/090NW) Imperial Oil No.597, Salt 29.6 m thick @ 680 m N/A PRW Inactive Logierait No.1-Y-R, 87.8 m thick @ 544 m Imperial Oil No. 597B R.C. Fleck No. 2B (40J/16NW) Lindsay prospect Dolomite >35 ×106 t dolomite N/A PRW Inactive (41H/03SW) @ <0.10% impurities OGS Lindsay 31-VIII W

(SiO2+Fe2O3+Al2O3) Patton Farm Silica 5.4 m thick @ 10.1 m N/A IMR 9, p.29 Inactive (40J/03SE) Sunburst GB #7 Salt 88.7 m thick @ 363.6 m N/A PRW Sunburst GB #7 Inactive McGillivray 41-NB 5.8 m thick @ 339.5 m (40P/04NE) Tobermory prospect Dolomite 60 ×106 t dolomite N/A PRW Inactive (41H/04NE) @ <0.10% impurities OGS St. Edmunds (SiO2+Fe2O3+Al2O3) 47-III W Union Gas–Enniskillen No. 29, Salt 25.6 m thick @ 610.8 m N/A PRW Union Gas– Inactive D.V.L.A. No. 1 78.6 m thick @ 485.5 m Enniskillen No. 29 (40J/16SW) Union Gas–Moore No. 12 Salt 26.2 m thick @ 577.3 m N/A PRW Inactive P&I Williams No. 1 70.7 m thick @ 456.6 m Union Gas-Moore No. 12 (40J/16SW) P&I Williams No. 1 Union–Moore No. 22 Salt 36 m thick @ 580 m N/A PRW Inactive (40J/16SW) 32 m thick @ 437 m Union Moore No. 22

Note: The resource estimates listed in this table are historic figures generated by past workers and do not follow the required disclosure for reserves and resources as outlined in National Instrument 43-101.

57 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Table 16. Titanium, tantalum and REE occurrences compiled from MDI2 database – Southeastern Ontario District.

Name Township MDI File # Commodity Deposit Status Harrington, Marsh Ore Bed Marmora MDI31C05NE00135 Au, Fe, Ti Occurrence Green Island Rutile Huntingdon MDI31C06NW00088 Ti Occurrence Matthews, Newboro Lake North Crosby MDI31C09NW00009 Fe, Ti Past Producer with Reserves Chaffey South Crosby MDI31C09NW00011 Fe, Ti Past Producer with Reserves Tommy Lake North Crosby MDI31C09NW00131 Ti Occurrence Ricketts Lake MDI31C12NE00109 Fe, Ti Occurrence Orton Tudor MDI31C12NE00122 Fe, Ti Past Producer w/o Reserves Hastings Road Magnetite Tudor MDI31C12NE00185 Fe, Ti Occurrence Harold White, Twin Lake Methuen MDI31C12NW00114 Fe, Ti Occurrence Horse Lake, Tripp Methuen MDI31C12NW00127 Fe, Ti Occurrence Maloney Marmora MDI31C12SW00002 Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ti Past Producer w/o Reserves Canadian Nickel Methuen MDI31C12SW00121 Ti Occurrence Ridgway Marmora MDI31C12SW00122 Cu, Fe, Ti Occurrence Jocko Lake Limerick MDI31C13NE00107 Fe, Ti Occurrence Umfraville Wollaston MDI31C13NW00057 Co, Fe, phosphate, Ti Occurrence Canning Lake Minden MDI31D15NE00052 Fe, Ti Occurrence Pine Lake Glamorgan MDI31D16NW00215 Fe, Ni, Ti, V Occurrence Basin, Silver Crater (Basin) Faraday MDI31E01SE00054 Mica, Mo, Nb, Th, U, Ti Past Producer w/o Reserves Allen Lake Harcourt MDI31E01SE00306 Fe, Ti Occurrence Gal–Wood Sabine MDI31E08NE00010 Gd, Nb, Ta, Ti, U Occurrence Woodcox Monteagle MDI31F04NW00020 Ce, feldspar, Nb, U, Ta, Th, Ti, Past Producer w/o Reserves zircon Macdonald Mine Monteagle MDI31F04NW00023 Cu, feldspar, Mo, Nb, REE, Th, Past Producer w/o Reserves Ti, U, zircon Opeongo Sebastopol MDI31F06NE00093 Ag, Ce, Nb, Ta, Th, Ti, U, Y, Occurrence zircon East Rockingham Brudenell MDI31F06NW00085 Au, Ti Occurrence South Lamberts Griffith MDI31F06SE00161 Ti Occurrence Horton Tp, Ottawa River Horton MDI31F10SE00019 Fe, Ti Occurrence Mahoney and Morin Sabine MDI31E08SE00002 Feldspar, Nb, REE, Ta, U Past Producer w/o Reserves Genesee No. 2 South Monteagle MDI31F04NW00018 Feldspar, Nb, Si, Ta, Th, U Past Producer with Reserves Plunkett, Plunkett South Monteagle MDI31F04NW00019 Ce, feldspar, amethyst, Mo, Nb, Past Producer w/o Reserves Th, Ta, U Dubblestein Bangor MDI31F05SW00010 Nb, Ta, Th, U Occurrence Tooeys Lake, Tooley Lake Brougham MDI31F06SE00090 Nb, Ta, Th, U Occurrence Renfrew Minerals, Lyndoch MDI31F06SW00013 Be, feldspar, fluorite, Mo, Nb, Producing Mine Wal–Gem West Quarry REE, Si, Ta, Th, U, zircon Barr Feldspar Quarry, Fraser MDI31F14SW00003 Ce, feldspar, Nb, Ta, Th, U Past Producer w/o Reserves Woermke Quinn Olden MDI31C10NW00366 Cu, Ni, REE Occurrence Orser–Kraft South Sherbrooke MDI31C15SE00027 Feldspar, Nb, REE, Th, U Past Producer w/o Reserves Nobles Bay, Rogers, J. North Burgess MDI31C16SE00004 Mica, REE Past Producer w/o Reserves Maclaren, W.L. North Burgess MDI31C16SW00017 Mica, phosphate, REE Past Producer w/o Reserves Christie Lake South Sherbrooke MDI31C16SW00142 Magnetite, Nb, REE Occurrence Drude South Cavendish MDI31D09NW00079 REE, Th, U Occurrence

58 P.J. Sangster et al.

Name Township MDI File # Commodity Deposit Status Copper Anomaly Lutterworth MDI31D15SE00151 Cu, REE, Sr, zircon Occurrence Rare Earth Anomaly Lutterworth MDI31D15SE00152 Cu, REE, Sr, zircon Occurrence North Rare Earth Anomaly Lutterworth MDI31D15SE00153 Cu, REE, Sr, zircon Occurrence Laurencin, Milhol Cardiff MDI31D16NE00160 Mo, REE, Th, U Occurrence McLennan, J.G. Peck MDI31E07NE00006 Nb, REE Occurrence Malcovitch, P. Clyde MDI31E08NW00003 Ce, REE, U Occurrence Gole, J.G. Murchison MDI31E09SE00004 Feldspar, Nb, REE, Si, U, Past Producer w/o Reserves zircon Cameron and Aleck Murchison MDI31E09SE00005 Feldspar, Nb, REE Past Producer w/o Reserves D’Eldona, Yankee Dam Butt MDI31E11NE00070 Nb, REE, U Occurrence Plunkett North Monteagle MDI31F04NW00185 Feldspar, REE, U Occurrence Lake Clear Sebastopol MDI31F06NE00092 REE, Th, U Occurrence Price, E.C., Quadeville Lyndoch MDI31F06SW00014 Be, feldspar, fluorite, Nb, Producing Mine phosphate, REE, Si, Th, U, zircon Universal Light Metals Lyndoch MDI31F06SW00065 Be, Ce, Nb, REE, Th, U Occurrence Lake Property, Lake Mine Dickens MDI31F12SW00006 Feldspar, REE Past Producer w/o Reserves

Note: MDI2 database was queried for Ti, Ta and REE occurrences. This listing indicates the presence of the commodities, not necessarily their order of abundance. This list should be used as a preliminary guide only. Hard copies of these complete MDI files are located at RGP office in Tweed.

59 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

OGS ACTIVITIES AND RESEARCH BY OTHERS

The following 3 multiyear mapping projects in the northeastern part of the Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province, initiated in 2011continued during the 2012 field season: 1. R.M. Easton, Ontario Geological Survey (OGS), continued 1:50 000 scale mapping of the Brudenell area with a focus on rare metals and radioactive mineralization associated with syenite suite rocks in the area and the potential for porphyry molybdenum mineralization. 2. M. Duguet, OGS, continued 1:20 000 scale mapping of the Admaston and Horton townships area with a focus on metallic and industrial mineral potential of marbles and an evaluation of the exploration potential for rare earth elements. 3. S.J. Magnus, MSc student at Carleton University, continued an OGS–Carleton University Mapping School Agreement–supported project involving mapping, geochemical, isotopic and geochronologic studies on the Raglan Hills gabbro, adjacent to the southwest corner of the Brudenell area. First Nickel Inc. is currently doing exploration work to follow up on the company’s recent discovery of gabbro-hosted nickel-copper-PGE mineralization in the area.

R.M. Easton (OGS) also continued to work with Dr. S.D. Carr and MSc student J. Cutts of Carleton University on a thesis project initiated in 2011, involving geochemical, isotopic and geochronological studies of several Westport- area granitic intrusions.

Details of the projects described above are presented in the following articles, published in Summary of Field Work and Other Activities 2012 (Ontario Geological Survey 2012). • Geology and Mineral Potential of the Brudenell Area, Northeastern Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province, with an Emphasis on the Syenitic Rocks; by R.M. Easton • Geology and Mineral Potential of the Admaston–Horton Area, Northeastern Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province; by M. Duguet, S.J. Magnus and L. Ratcliffe • Geology and Mineral Potential of the Raglan Hills Metagabbro, Northeastern Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province; by S.J. Magnus, B. Cousens and R.M. Easton • Major Element, Trace Element and Isotope Geochemistry of Plutons Intruded Circa 1090 to 1065 Ma in the Southeastern Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province; by J. Cutts, R.M. Easton and S.D. Carr

The following report was released in 2012, based on field work done by R.M. Easton from 2007 to 2009: • Precambrian Geology of Cavendish Township, Central Metasedimentary Belt, Grenville Province; Ontario Geological Survey, Open File Report 6229, 142p.

Other OGS studies, related to Paleozoic geology and energy studies, Quaternary geology, aggregate resources and groundwater resources in southern Ontario, were in progress in 2012; detailed descriptions are included in Summary of Field Work and Other Activities 2012 (Ontario Geological Survey 2012). • Summary of Aggregate Resource and Industrial Mineral Projects and Activities, Southern Ontario; by V.L. Lee and D.J. Rowell • Aggregate Resources of the County of Perth, Southwestern Ontario; by D.J. Rowell • The St. Edmund Formation – The Next Major Bedrock-Derived Aggregate Source in Ontario?; by D.J. Rowell and F.R. Brunton • Preliminary Results: Potential Ordovician Shale Gas Units in Southern Ontario; by C. Béland Otis • Update on the Hudson Platform Paleozoic Mapping Project: Results from the Northwestern Moose River Basin; by D.K. Armstrong • An Update on Three-Dimensional Mapping of Quaternary Deposits in the Southern Part of the County of Simcoe, Southern Ontario; by A.F. Bajc, D.R.B. Rainsford and R.P.M. Milligan • Conceptual Geological Model for the Orangeville Moraine Three-Dimensional Project; by A.K. Burt

60 P.J. Sangster et al.

• The Mount Forest–Elmira Study: A New Three-Dimensional Quaternary Mapping Project; by A.K. Burt • A Preliminary Assessment of Subsurface Sediments in the Central Norfolk Sand Plain, Norfolk County and the County of Oxford, Southern Ontario; by A.S. Marich • Regional-Scale Groundwater Mapping in Early Silurian Carbonate Rocks of the Niagara Escarpment Cuesta: Multi-Level Monitoring Well Sampling; by E.H. Priebe, F.R. Brunton and V.L. Lee • Description and Mitigation of Domestic Well Sampling Biases; by S.M. Hamilton and V.L. Lee • Ambient Groundwater Geochemistry Project of the Ottawa–St. Lawrence River Area; by C.N. Freckelton and S.M. Hamilton

University Research and Collaborations The following research projects by faculty and graduate students of various accredited universities were in progress in 2012. • Dr. P.-Y.F. Robin of the University of Toronto supervised 2 undergraduate thesis projects in the Mazinaw terrane of the Central Metasedimentary Belt, along Highway 41 between Kaladar and Northbrook involving geological mapping and geochronological studies in the Jack Satterly Geochronology Laboratory. • Northwestern Algonquin Park to Highway 11: K. Hartung is conducting detailed geological mapping of the southern contact of the Northbrook tonalite-granodiorite and measuring crystallization ages of zircons in the tonalite and in pebbles of the adjacent Flinton Group conglomerates. • Georgian Bay: G. Jones is doing detailed structural mapping of a late granite pluton south of the Northbrook tonalite contact and of nearby pegmatite dikes, with geochronology of the intrusive rocks. • Dr. W.M. Schwerdtner, assisted by undergraduate students J. Tsolas and B. Zeeman (University of Toronto), and Dr. C.J.S. (Toby) Rivers and undergraduate student M. Ahmed (Memorial University of Newfoundland) studied late pegmatite dikes in the western parts of the Composite Arc Belt and adjacent parts of the Central Gneiss Belt of the Grenville Province. The field work is part of an ongoing study of syn- and post-orogenic collapse (W.M. Schwerdtner, University of Toronto, www.es.utoronto.ca, written communication, 2012).

Geological and Archeological Investigations In July 2012, the Regional Resident Geologist and the District Geologist accompanied W.A. Fox and J. Conoly, Trent University, on a field trip to Wolfe Island and Simcoe Island to investigate an occurrence of black chert in limestone thought to have been used as a source of flint for stone tools and points by aboriginal inhabitants of the area 400 to 500 years ago.

The site, near Four Mile Point on Simcoe Island, was described by Eley and von Bitter (1989, p.32, Locality 37) as a 1.5 m section of lithographic limestone of the lower Bobcaygeon Formation containing abundant black chert in nodules and lenses, at or near the contact with the underlying Gull River Formation limestone. It was reported to exhibit the greatest amount of chert and the largest chert nodules and fragments of any localities sampled in the study of southern Ontario cherts.

Although the outcrop described by Eley and von Bitter (1989) was not located, black chert nodules up to 10 cm long were observed, weathered in high relief in grey limestone pavement in the vicinity of the reported occurrence. The archeologists pointed out chips of chert on the ground surface as evidence of percussion on the nodules.

W.A. Fox is also researching possible sources of massive graphite and steatite that may have provided the material for graphite paint sticks and soapstone beads that were documented at the Ball archeological site, an early 17th century Huron village near Orillia. Following the Simcoe Island site visit, a second stop was made at the M. Wilson soapstone and marble occurrence in Camden Township to compare the rock from the occurrence with the soapstone artefacts.

Additional site investigations of soapstone and graphite occurrences and a previously undocumented group of stone cairns that may be burial mounds are proposed for 2013.

61 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

REGIONAL LAND USE GEOLOGIST ACTIVITIES—SOUTHERN REGION Land Use Planning Activities

The southern Regional Land Use Geologist, based in Tweed, co-ordinates input into land use planning activities in the Southern Ontario Resident Geologist Districts (southeastern and southwestern) and the part of the Sudbury Resident Geologist District south of the French River, including Manitoulin Island. The southern Regional Land Use Geologist position was staffed throughout 2012 by D.A. Laidlaw, P.Geo.

The objectives of the position are to

• effectively represent mineral-related values in the context of competing interests for land use; • optimize the land base available for mineral exploration and development; • raise awareness within the mineral sector of the implications of legislation and regulations other than the Mining Act on their activities; and • promote awareness of how geoscience serves the public good, including by – establishing base-line environmental values; – identifying sources of minerals and energy to support sustainable economic activity; and – highlighting areas where natural geological hazards and mining-related hazards pose a threat to people and property.

The competing interests for land use vary across the province, but most have potential to restrict the availability of land, access to it, and/or the activities on it. In 2012, the southern Regional Land Use Geologist dealt with a variety of land use planning issues throughout the Southern Region; the following sections summarize issues, and describe the work that was done.

CROWN LANDS The Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) engages with the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) when Crown land use planning activities have the potential to affect provincial mineral interests. Such activities include Forest Management Planning, proposed parks, and other initiatives related to Crown land use.

Forest Management Planning The forest management planning process includes consideration of a wide range of values including mineral values in the context of forestry activities, and the relevance of legislation other than the Crown Forest Sustainability Act, including the Mining Act, on forest management plans. The southern Regional Land Use Geologist normally provides input into the development of forest management plans, including • the distribution of areas of high mineral potential, so that forestry planners are aware of areas where there may be pressures from the mineral sector for access for exploration; • the locations of existing mining claims and leases, so that exploration workings such as grid lines are not inadvertently damaged or destroyed by forestry activities; • information regarding current exploration and development activities in the area; • the location of mining-related hazards, so that forestry workers are not put at risk; and • the socio-economic impact of mineral exploration and mining in the forest management unit, so that its importance can be considered in the context of other sectors such as tourism that may be active within the forest management unit.

Approved Forest Management Plans, with detailed information about annual operations including plans for creating new access routes or decommissioning existing routes, and maps showing forest access roads are posted on the MNR website at www.appefmp.mnr.gov.on.ca/eFMP/home.do?language=en.

62 P.J. Sangster et al.

Due to the planning cycle for forest management planning, the southern Regional Land Use Geologist was not required to provide input into planning for any of the 5 forest management units in Southern Ontario in 2012.

Provincial Parks and Conservation Reserves In 2012, the southern Regional Land Use Geologist responded to requests for comments on several proposed provincial park and conservation reserve designations, as well as a provincial park management plan amendment and a policy change. One was to designate the Brockville Long Swamp Fen, north of the City of Brockville, as a provincial park. Another was to add lands to the Clear Lake Conservation Reserve and Dawson Ponds and Plastic Lake Conservation Reserve near Minden. An amendment to the Algonquin Park Management Plan was proposed to address recommendations contained in a proposal to reduce the ecological footprint of logging in the park. The Algonquin Park Cottage Lease Policy was reviewed. The MNR posted all of these proposals on the Environmental Registry in 2012 for public comment, but no decision notices have been published.

Other Crown Land Use Planning Initiatives Crown land use policy may also apply to a specific land use area and is developed through local Crown land use planning processes. Local land use area plans such as the Madawaska Highlands Land Use Plan (1997); and the Ontario’s Living Legacy Land Use Strategy (1999) provide basic direction for the use of Crown land throughout a planning area, and indicate what land uses can occur and where. The Madawaska Highlands Land Use Plan (1997) applies to highland areas in Renfrew, Lennox and Addington, Frontenac and Lanark counties bisected by the Madawaska River. In 2012, MNR personnel were in the process of reviewing and updating the plan. The southern Regional Land Use Geologist provided updated geoscience information for the geology, mineral potential and mining sections of the plan.

Withdrawal Orders The southern Regional Land Use Geologist normally reviews applications for withdrawal of lands from staking under Section 35 of the Mining Act. Applicants can request withdrawal of surface rights only, mining rights only, or for both surface and mining rights. These requests are made for a wide range of reasons, including • developing waste disposal sites and sewage lagoons; • selling Crown land for cottage lots; • enabling land exchanges; • supporting First Nation land claims and treaty entitlement negotiations; • allowing hydroelectric and other infrastructure developments; • facilitating Ministry of Transportation review of aggregate potential in support of highway maintenance; and • assessing applications under Section 35.1 of the Mining Act for the withdrawal of Crown-owned mining rights in Northern Ontario, where the surface rights are privately held.

No requests for reviews were received in 2012, although an area of over 3000 km2 of selected Crown lands in southeastern Ontario was withdrawn on May 31 after it was identified as being candidate lands for settling the Algonquin land claim. A key element of the proposed land claim settlement is the transfer of not less than 475.5 km2 of provincial Crown land to Algonquin ownership. Any withdrawn lands not required as part of the proposed land transfer were reopened to prospecting, staking out, sale or lease on November 30, 2012, after a preliminary draft Agreement in Principle was worked out.

MUNICIPAL AND PRIVATE LANDS The Provincial Policy Statement (PPS), which guides planning in municipalities and on private land outside of municipalities in Ontario, is issued under the provisions of the Planning Act. The PPS was last modified in 2005.

63 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

A compulsory five-year review of the PPS was initiated in 2010 to ensure that it is up to date and meets current environmental standards, ensures human health and safety, and protects Ontario’s cultural and natural heritage. The southern Regional Land Use Geologist’s assistance with the PPS review in 2012 included facilitation support at a regional workshop held to generate discussion on the PPS draft policies and attendance at teleconferences to review input from regional workshops and other submissions received during the review process. This work is helping to guide the revision of the Provincial Policy Statement.

The MNDM supports municipal and private land use planning across Ontario through the One-Window Planning Service led by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (MMAH). MNDM input includes

• providing data with regard to mineral potential, mining claims and leases, exploration and mining activity and mining-related hazards to planning authorities, planning consultants and MMAH in support of the new municipal Official Plans, Official Plan Amendments, Zoning By-laws, and Consents (lot severances); • reviewing land use policies proposed in municipal planning documents and providing comments on those policies to MMAH “One-Window” planners for consolidation with feedback from other ministries; and • supporting the development of municipal policies and guidelines, and working to enhance the availability of data to support wise planning decisions.

In 2012, the southern Regional Land Use Geologist also reviewed, commented on and/or supplied data and expertise for consent (severance) applications for 21 lower tier municipalities and 27 Official Plans and related planning initiatives during the year, and for 5 new or updated Draft Official Plans. The municipalities involved in these planning initiatives are listed in Table 17; their locations are shown in Figures 8 and 9.

Table 17. Municipal planning initiatives with MNDM input, southern Ontario, 2012.

Consent (Severance) Completed Official Plans and Official Plans and Applications Related Initiatives Related Initiatives Under Development Barrie, Township of Adjala–Tosorontio, Township of Alnwick/Haldimand, Township of Bathurst, Township of Bonfield, Township of Frontenac, County of Camden East, Township of Brockton, Municipality of Leeds and the Thousand Islands, Township of Darling, Township of Carleton Place, Town of Manitoulin, District of Elzevir, Township of Elgin, County of Strong, Township of Goderich, Town of Front of Yonge, Township of Madoc, Township of (6) Grand Valley, Town of (2) Marmora, Township of Guelph, City of (3) North Burgess, Township of Kearney, Town of North Crosby, Township of Lanark Highlands, Township of Olden, Township of Lanark, County of (2) Rideau Lakes, Township of Machar, Township of Sabine, Township of Mono, Town of Stone Mills, Township of Muskoka, District Municipality of Tweed, Municipality of North Frontenac, Township of Wollaston, Township of Parry Sound, Town of Perth, Town of Prescott and Russell, United Counties of (2) South Frontenac, Township of (2) Trent Hills, Municipality of Windsor, City of

64 P.J. Sangster et al.

2.201 o,iratnn Oretsaheuto s,putn iMDNh Mti wsevitaitni ingnnia pllpaicuni mof onsitaocl mof pllpaicuni ingnnia wsevitaitni Mti iMDNh s,putn Oretsaheuto o,iratnn 2.201

eTh .re 8ugiF .re

65 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

Figure 9. The locations of municipal planning initiatives with MNDM input, southwestern Ontario, 2012.

66 P.J. Sangster et al.

Exemptions from Mining Tax As of January 1, 2011, Section 189 (1) of the Mining Act allows for owners of patented mining rights (private landowners) to apply for exemption from paying mining tax on the land. Key factors that are considered when applications are reviewed are whether or not the lands are being used for mining-related purposes, and whether or not there would be third-party interest in using the lands for mining-related purposes (e.g., the surrounding lands are staked and being explored or the sites in question have provincially significant mineral potential). The southern Regional Land Use Geologist reviewed and provided comments on 16 applications for exemption from Mining Land Tax in southern Ontario during the year. All 16 applications were recommended for exemption.

FIRST NATIONS During 2012, the southern Regional Land Use Geologist assisted the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist, who has been working with the Aboriginal Relations Unit, MNDM, as a technical expert in support of the Algonquin First Nation land claim discussions, by preparing technical resource materials.

As a first step in negotiating the land claim settlement between the Algonquins of Ontario and the governments of Canada and Ontario, a preliminary draft Agreement-in-Principle (AIP) was made available for public review in December 2012. The preliminary draft AIP is being used to consult with the Algonquin First Nation and the general public on key elements of a final AIP. The final draft AIP will be submitted to the Algonquin First Nation for a ratification vote later in 2013.

Other Activities The southern Regional Land Use Geologist also participated in a number of other initiatives in 2012, as outlined below.

CLASS ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS Class Environmental Assessments (Class EAs) are documents that set out streamlined environmental assessment processes. They apply to routine projects that have predictable and manageable environmental effects. There are currently 11 Class EAs in effect in Ontario, with regard to initiatives including the development of new infrastructure such as dams, transmission lines, pipelines, highway corridors, commuter rail stations and bus terminals, and sewer and water facilities; the establishment of new parks and conservation reserves; forest management plans; and Crown land dispositions.

Work related to Class EAs in southern Ontario in 2012 included commenting on proposals by the Ministry of Transportation to carry out four-lane expansion of Highway 69 near Nobel, construct a bus facility near the City of Niagara Falls, and upgrade a bridge near Huntsville; and a proposal to upgrade a sewage pumping station in the Town of Huntsville. The data provided to support planning for these initiatives included mining-related hazards, past mineral production, known mineral resources, mining land tenure, and current and past exploration activity.

ONTARIO BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY The Ontario Public Service (OPS) Biodiversity Network is an interministry forum where MNR’s Biodiversity Branch can exchange information, facilitate discussion, and strategically plan for biodiversity-related activities, policies, processes and projects across the Province. The southern Regional Land Use Geologist represented MNDM on the OPS Biodiversity Network by attending teleconferences, workshops and meetings. The strategy itself was developed by the Ontario Biodiversity Council, a non-governmental organization. The southern Regional Land Use Geologist also worked with other MNDM representatives to identify Ministry programs that will support the achievement of the Ontario Biodiversity Strategy’s goals through the implementation of specific activities.

67 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

DATA COMMITTEE The MNR and MMAH jointly host an interministerial committee that is intended to identify and work to implement ways of making more data more readily available to support land use planning in Ontario, especially in the context of municipal planning. The southern Regional Land Use Geologist continued as MNDM’s representative on the committee in 2012. In 2012, the committee updated and verified the accuracy of information in the draft data catalogue that will be used to develop a baseline for data available for municipal planning.

OTHER The southern Regional Land Use Geologist helped prepare display materials highlighting mineral production and exploration activity in Ontario. These display materials, including posters and mineral commodity pamphlets, were on display at various conferences and shows including the Prospectors and Developers Association of Canada Annual Convention, the Blendon Industrial Minerals Conference and the Bancroft Gemboree. With between 8000 and 12 000 attendees each year, the Bancroft Gemboree is the largest gem and mineral show in Canada. It provides staff from the Resident Geologist Program with an opportunity to share information regarding the mineral sector with mineral collectors and the general public.

Throughout 2012, the southern Regional Land Use Geologist helped clients from the mineral sector; municipal and provincial government agencies and ministries access publications, assessment and mineral deposit inventory files housed at the Southern Ontario Regional Resident Geologist office and on the GeologyOntario website. She also assisted with hosting Southern Ontario Prospectors Association (SOPA) day-long meetings in Tweed and Actinolite. The meetings provided members of SOPA with information on topics related to exploration and mining, digital geoscience data and changes to government regulations.

Other land use planning work done by the southern Regional Land Use Geologist included responding to inquiries related to Crown-owned mining rights where surface rights are privately held, and to mineral exploration and development.

The southern Regional Land Use Geologist also provided backfill support to the Land Use Policy and Planning Coordinator while the northeast Regional Land Use Geologist position was vacant from January to March 2012. Additional support was provided from July through to mid-December while the northwest Regional Land Use Geologist position was vacant.

68 P.J. Sangster et al.

MINERAL DEPOSIT COMPILATION GEOLOGIST—NORTHEASTERN ONTARIO

The Mineral Deposit Compilation geologists (MDCG) investigate and document mineral deposits and occurrences across the province. Through field visits, comprehensive literature research and personal research, they work with regional and district Resident Geologist Program staff to ensure that the Mineral Deposit Inventory (MDI) database is regularly updated. Regular updates are required to ensure that the Ministry of Northern Development and Mines is using the most up-to-date information in making land-use planning and policy decisions. A.C. Wilson is the northeastern Ontario MDCG.

In mid-2012, the Natural Resources and Values Information System or NRVIS platform that was used to enter new mineral deposit data was replaced with Land Information Ontario (LIO) Editor 4.0 as a centralized, ArcGIS®-based application. Although updates and additions were made to the mineral deposit database in 2012, no new MDI database could be released in 2012. A new data distribution tool is expected to be made available early in 2013. A list of records updated and created in 2012 for the entire province is available by contacting A.C. Wilson.

The most recent MDI database was released in December 2011. In addition to being made available through the MNDM website, the entire digital data set is available via the Ontario Geological Survey’s publication services as “Mineral Deposit Inventory—2011”. MDI data are searchable through the Ministry’s GeologyOntario website and through OGS Earth.

Throughout the year, emphasis was placed on updating/correcting the reserve and resource figures for developed prospects with reserves and past producing mines with reserves, as well as prospects. Commodities of particular focus this year included graphite and rare earth elements. Geographic areas of focus included Temagami, Elliot Lake and the southern part of the Swayze greenstone belt. Mineral deposit records were also updated for 2 OGS mapping projects in the Timmins area and 1 OGS mapping project in southeastern Ontario.

Total contributions to the MDI database for northeastern and southern Ontario in 2012 included 508 updated records, 103 records deleted and 105 new records. A breakdown of the provincial records revised by office appears in Table 18.

Table 18. Mineral Deposit Inventory records revision in 2012.

Resident or District Office Updates Deletions New Kirkland Lake 109 21 25 Sault Ste. Marie 54 4 7 Southeastern Ontario 74 40 1 Sudbury 79 23 22 Timmins 192 15 50 Total 508 103 105

The MDI database is a dynamic compilation of over 19 000 records describing most of the known mineral occurrences in Ontario. It is an important reference tool for explorationists interested in exploring and acquiring mining properties in Ontario. When used in conjunction with other spatial databases generated by the Ontario Geological Survey, it provides additional tools for making mineral discoveries in Ontario.

69 SOUTHEASTERN ONTARIO AND SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO DISTRICTS—2012

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to recognize 2 colleagues for their contributions to this report. A.C. Wilson, Mineral Deposit Compilation Geologist, provided the summary, “Mineral Deposit Compilation Geologists–Northeastern Ontario”. R.L. Debicki, Land Use Planning and Policy Coordinator, provided a provincial perspective to the southern Regional Land Use Geologist contribution.

The authors would like to thank all producers, exploration companies, prospectors and developers who provided access to their operations or supplied information throughout 2012. Strong communication links between stakeholder groups and government ministries are essential for effective program delivery and ultimately improve the delivery of government services.

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74

Ontario Geological Survey Regional Resident Geologist Program

Petroleum Operations Section—2012

by

L. Fortner and T.R. Carter

2013

CONTENTS

Petroleum Operations Section—2012

INTRODUCTION ...... 1 EXPLORATION ACTIVITY ...... 1 Cambrian Play ...... 2 Ordovician Play ...... 2 Silurian Sandstone Play ...... 2 Silurian Carbonate Play ...... 2 Devonian Play ...... 2 EXPLORATION TRENDS ...... 2

Table 1. Successful oil and gas exploration wells in southern Ontario in 2012 (see Figure 1 for well locations)...... 3

Figure 1. Successful oil and gas exploration wells in southern Ontario in 2012...... 3

ii

Petroleum Operations Section—2012 Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Activity in Ontario in 2012

L. Fortner1 and T.R. Carter2

1Sedimentary Geologist, Petroleum Operations Section, Ministry of Natural Resources, London, Ontario

2Chief Geologist, Petroleum Operations Section, Ministry of Natural Resources, London, Ontario

INTRODUCTION

Drilling activity in southern Ontario decreased again in 2012 to another new low. The average price of oil sold in Ontario during the year was $88 per barrel; significantly lower than the average for 2011 of just under $96. The price of natural gas in Ontario averaged $3.51 per MMBtu in January 2012, reaching a low average of $2.07 in May and ending the year with a December average price of $4.00. High production volumes of recently exploited shale gas continue to suppress prices in the North American market.

Production volumes of oil rose slightly for the first time in many years. Data compiled from annual production reports submitted to the Petroleum Operations Section indicate that annual oil production rose 6.1% to 83 778 m3 in 2012 with an estimated value of $46.6 million, compared to 78 987 m3 with an estimated value of $47.8 million in the previous year. Natural gas production declined 11% to 200 297 × 103 m3 with an estimated value of $21.4 million, compared to 224 781 × 103 m3 with an estimated value of $34.9 million in 2011.

The recent decline in oil production has been directly related to reduced levels of drilling activity since 2004, such that there is normally insufficient new production to replace that from existing wells. It is too early to determine if the slight reversal of the trend in 2012 is meaningful. The cash value of oil production decreased substantially from 2008 to 2009 due to a dramatic drop in unit price, but increased in 2010 and again in 2011. The total value remained essentially unchanged from 2011 to 2012 as increased production compensated for lower price.

EXPLORATION ACTIVITY A total of 12 licences to drill and operate new wells were issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources in 2012, compared to 25 in 2011. An additional 37 licences were issued for the plugging of existing wells.

Drilling of 17 new wells was reported in 2012, compared to 19 new wells and 1 deepening in 2011. These consisted of 4 exploratory wells, 5 development wells, 2 stratigraphic tests and 6 service wells. No horizontal wells were drilled in 2012.

Successful development drilling in 2012 resulted in 1 well reported to be an active gas producer, 2 potential oil wells and 1 active private gas well. This was a poorer commercial success rate than in 2011, which yielded 2 active gas producers, 1 active oil and gas well, 2 suspended gas wells, 1 potential gas well and 1 active private gas well at the time of writing the 2011 report.

Exploratory drilling in 2012 resulted in 1 active brine and oil well, 2 potential oil wells, and 1 potential gas well (Table 1; Figure 1). In comparison, exploratory drilling results in 2011 were less positive, with only 1 potential oil well indicated at that time.

1 PETROLEUM OPERATIONS—2012

Cambrian Play One exploratory well was drilled in Elgin County to test Cambrian targets for oil and gas in 2012 and was reported as a potential oil well. One stratigraphic test to the Cambrian was also drilled in Haldimand County. One exploratory well had been drilled to the Cambrian in 2011.

There were no development wells drilled to Cambrian targets in 2012 or 2011.

Ordovician Play There were no exploration wells drilled to Ordovician targets in 2012. One deeper pool test was drilled to the Ordovician in 2011.

Two development wells were drilled in Essex County to test the Ordovician in 2012, both reported as potential oil wells. Two Ordovician development wells were also drilled in Essex County in 2011.

Silurian Sandstone Play No exploration wells tested Silurian sandstone targets in 2012. One exploration well was drilled in Silurian sandstone in 2011.

One development well was drilled for Silurian sandstones in 2012. It was reported as an active private gas well in Lincoln County. Two development wells targeted Silurian sandstones in 2011.

Silurian Carbonate Play Two exploratory wells were drilled to test Silurian Guelph reef and/or Salina Group targets in 2012. One was reported as an active brine and oil well in Lambton County; the other as a potential gas well in Huron County. There were no exploratory wells drilled to these targets in 2011.

Two development wells were drilled for Silurian Guelph reef and/or Salina Group targets in 2012. One was reported as an active gas well, the other as abandoned; both in Lambton County. Three development wells were drilled for Silurian carbonates in 2011.

Devonian Play One exploration well tested Devonian targets in 2012 and was reported as a potential oil well in Elgin County. This was an identical result to 2011.

As in 2011, no development wells were drilled to test Devonian targets in 2012.

EXPLORATION TRENDS High natural gas prices greatly enhance the economics of all gas plays in Ontario. Unfortunately, North American natural gas prices dropped dramatically during 2009 and have remained relatively low. Low natural gas prices have a dramatic impact on exploration and development activity, which has been reduced to a minimum in the province. Exploration activity focussing on oil has not increased significantly in spite of oil prices that have been consistently robust. Ironically, sustained higher oil prices may also negatively impact activity in Ontario by increasing the attractiveness of larger and more expensive projects in other provinces as well as internationally.

Exploration activity, especially that targeting new play types, is not expected to increase significantly under the current economic pressure. There had been a significant increase in drilling in the Lower Silurian sandstone play in 2006, but that activity has declined from 2007 onward.

2 L. Fortner and T.R. Carter

The development of unconventional resources, which has progressed rapidly in the northeast United States, has yet to be introduced into Ontario. Equivalent targets of organic-rich facies including the Georgian Bay–Blue Mountain Formation that have been explored and/or exploited in other jurisdictions remain unevaluated in Ontario.

Table 1. Successful oil and gas exploration wells in southern Ontario in 2012 (see Figure 1 for well locations).

Well # Well Name Results Target TD Latitude Longitude TD Date 1 Clearbeach et al #41, Dunwich 4-24-A OSGS – POT CAM 1150 42.71146222 -81.4441525 05/02/2012 2 Clearbeach et al #42, Dunwich 4-6-A-A OS – POT DEV 111 42.71062583 -81.43727028 07/02/2012 3 Reef North Airport # 1, Stephen 4-14-XIX GS – POT SAL 608 43.29517278 -81.71305083 29/03/2012 4 Tribute et al #21, Plympton 6-12-VIII BWOP – ACT SAL 773 43.02079722 -82.14701611 24/09/2012

Abbreviations: CAM = Cambrian; DEV = Devonian; SAL = Salina/Guelph; BWOP = brine well/oil producer; GS = gas show; OS = oil show; OSGS = oil show/gas show; ACT = active; POT = potential; TD = total depth (in metres).

Figure 1. Successful oil and gas exploration wells in southern Ontario in 2012.

3 Metric Conversion Table

Conversion from SI to Imperial Conversion from Imperial to Sl

SI Unit Multiplied by Gives Imperial Unit Multiplied by Gives LENGTH 1 mm 0.039 37 inches 1 inch 25.4 mm 1 cm 0.393 70 inches 1 inch 2.54 cm 1 m 3.280 84 feet 1 foot 0.304 8 m 1 m 0.049 709 chains 1 chain 20.116 8 m 1 km 0.621 371 miles (statute) 1 mile (statute) 1.609 344 km AREA 1 cm2 0.155 0 square inches 1 square inch 6.451 6 cm2 1 m2 10.763 9 square feet 1 square foot 0.092 903 04 m2 1 km2 0.386 10 square miles 1 square mile 2.589 988 km2 1 ha 2.471 054 acres 1 acre 0.404 685 6 ha VOLUME 1 cm3 0.061 023 cubic inches 1 cubic inch 16.387 064 cm3 1 m3 35.314 7 cubic feet 1 cubic foot 0.028 316 85 m3 1 m3 1.307 951 cubic yards 1 cubic yard 0.764 554 86 m3 CAPACITY 1 L 1.759 755 pints 1 pint 0.568 261 L 1 L 0.879 877 quarts 1 quart 1.136 522 L 1 L 0.219 969 gallons 1 gallon 4.546 090 L MASS 1 g 0.035 273 962 ounces (avdp) 1 ounce (avdp) 28.349 523 g 1 g 0.032 150 747 ounces (troy) 1 ounce (troy) 31.103 476 8 g 1 kg 2.204 622 6 pounds (avdp) 1 pound (avdp) 0.453 592 37 kg 1 kg 0.001 102 3 tons (short) 1 ton(short) 907.184 74 kg 1 t 1.102 311 3 tons (short) 1 ton (short) 0.907 184 74 t 1 kg 0.000 984 21 tons (long) 1 ton (long) 1016.046 908 8 kg 1 t 0.984 206 5 tons (long) 1 ton (long) 1.016 046 9 t CONCENTRATION 1 g/t 0.029 166 6 ounce (troy) / 1 ounce (troy) / 34.285 714 2 g/t ton (short) ton (short) 1 g/t 0.583 333 33 pennyweights / 1 pennyweight / 1.714 285 7 g/t ton (short) ton (short) OTHER USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS Multiplied by 1 ounce (troy) per ton (short) 31.103 477 grams per ton (short) 1 gram per ton (short) 0.032 151 ounces (troy) per ton (short) 1 ounce (troy) per ton (short) 20.0 pennyweights per ton (short) 1 pennyweight per ton (short) 0.05 ounces (troy) per ton (short)

Note: Conversion factors in bold type are exact. The conversion factors have been taken from or have been derived from factors given in the Metric Practice Guide for the Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Industries, published by the Mining Association of Canada in co-operation with the Coal Association of Canada.

ISSN 1484-9402 (print) ISBN 978-1-4606-1401-3 (print) ISSN 1916-6168 (online) ISBN 978-1-4606-1402-0 (PDF)