Producing Satire and Otherness in Portuguese Literature
Food, Drink and the Other: Producing Satire and Otherness in Portuguese Literature Constança Viera de Andrade CRIA/ ISCTE-IUL _______________________________________________ Food appears in Portuguese narrative fiction and drama both as an element of reality and with a symbolic function, and authors often combine these two aspects for literary enrichment. Throughout the centuries, food and consumption habits have been among the most widely used resources in creating fictional identities and highlighting social differences between characters or groups in Portuguese literature. This article opens with a historical approach beginning with the Portuguese expansion (in 1415, with the taking of Ceuta), with the intention of highlighting how Portuguese narrative literature has employed food in portraying interactions between different identities or cultures, and to illustrate how appropriations of and confrontations with food products and habits occurred. As a result, the symbolic charge of food enables an understanding of how alterities / notions of the “other” – of race / ethnicity, country, class, religion, gender – are produced, and how concepts of self and other are necessarily built up and articulated with each other. Settings of both food preparation and consumption are of capital importance to the authors’ strategies for communicating elements of diverse identities to their readers. By highlighting a few chosen Portuguese literary works, this article illustrates the use of food and drink to create topoi of otherness at particular historical moments. Descriptive styles, the interweaving of food and drink, material culture, spaces of “performance” and psychological peculiarities further provide an effective dialectic between distinct characters and their contexts creating colorful, picaresque and attractive literary pieces. The final, longer section on the literary production of Eça de Queirós reflects the particular relevance that food and drink assume in two fundamental pillars of his work: cultural identity and otherness.
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