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2 C. Rajagopalachari 1 An Illustrious Life Great statesman and thinker, Rajagopalachari was born in Thorapalli in the then Salem district and was educated in Central College, Bangalore and Presidency College, Madras. Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari (10 December 1878 - 25 December 1972), informally called Rajaji or C.R., was an eminent lawyer, independence activist, politician, writer, statesman and leader of the Indian National Congress who served as the last Governor General of India. He served as the Chief Minister or Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. He was the founder of the Swatantra Party and the first recipient of India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. Rajaji vehemently opposed the usage of nuclear weapons and was a proponent of world peace and disarmament. He was also nicknamed the Mango of Salem. In 1900 he started a prosperous legal practise. He entered politics and was a member and later President of Salem municipality. He joined the Indian National Congress and participated in the agitations against the Rowlatt Act, the Non-cooperation Movement, the Vaikom Satyagraha and the Civil Disobedience Movement. In 1930, he led the Vedaranyam Salt Satyagraha in response to the Dandi March and courted imprisonment. In 1937, Rajaji was elected Chief Minister or Premier An Illustrious Life 3 of Madras Presidency and served till 1940, when he resigned due to Britain’s declaration of war against Germany. He advocated cooperation over Britain’s war effort and opposed the Quit India Movement. He favoured talks with Jinnah and the Muslim League and proposed what later came to be known as the “C. -
Chapter 9. the Programme and Achievements of the Early Nationalist
Chapter 9. The Programme and Achievements of the Early Nationalist Very Short Questions Question 1: Name the sections into which the Congress was divided from its very inception. Answer: The Moderates and the Assertives. Question 2: During which period did the Moderates dominate the Congress? Answer: The Moderates dominated the Congress from 1885 to 1905. Question 3: Name any three important leaders of the Moderates. Or Name two leaders of the Moderates. Answer: The three important leaders of the moderates were: (i) Dadabhai Naoroji (ii) Surendra Nath Banerjee (iii) Gopal Krishna Gokhale. Question 4: What were the early nationalists called? Answer: They were called the ‘Moderates’. Question 5: Why were the early nationalists called ‘Moderates’? Answer: The early nationalists had full faith in the sense of justice of the British. For this reason their demands as well as there methods help them in winning the title of ‘Moderates’. Question 6: Who were the Moderates ? Answer: They were the early nationalists, who believed that the British always show a sense of justice in all spheres of their Government. Question 7: State any two demands of the Moderates in respect of economic reforms. Answer: (i) Protection of Indian industries. (ii) Reduction of land revenue. Question 8: State any two demands of the Moderates in respect of political reforms. Answer: (i) Expansion of Legislative Councils. (ii) Separation between the Executive and the Judiciary. Question 9: Mention two demands of the Moderates in respect of administrative reforms. Answer: (i) Indianisation of Civil Services. (ii) Repeal of Arms Act. Question 10: What did the Moderates advocate in the field of civil rights? Answer: The Moderates opposed the curbs imposed on freedom of speech, press and association. -
Sri Aurobindo's Notion of Boycott and Its Spiritual
International Journal of History and Philosophical Research Vol.7, No.1, pp.33-40, February 2019 ___Published by European Centre for Research Training and Development UK (www.eajournals.org) SRI AUROBINDO’S NOTION OF BOYCOTT AND ITS SPIRITUAL IMPLICATION Dr. Debashri Banerjee Assistant Professor and Head of the Department , Department of Philosophy , C.R.P. College, Burdwan University, West Bengal, India ABSTRACT: Sri Aurobindo’s theory of Boycott is very important not only in the context of Indian politics but also to understand the inherent salient feature of Indian independence movement taken place in the pre-independent India. His theory concerning boycott has five counterparts, namely economic boycott, educational boycott, administrative boycott, judicial boycott and social boycott, to convey the uniqueness. Sri Aurobindo discovered the spiritual implication behind this theory of boycott which conveys the uniqueness of his thesis. To him the word ‘boycott’ spiritually stands as a means to preach for Zeitgeist both in the form of Kali and Krishna unlike Bankim. His thesis of boycott is commonly misinterpreted as an act of violence but Sri Aurobindo compared it with an act of self-preservance of the Kshatriya. The way of boycott is somewhat similar with concept of svadharma of the Kshatriya. The political battle of boycott seemed necessary to him for bringing the desired Indian independence. In this way the spiritual sense of boycott becomes inseparable with its political sense to Sri Aurobindo. KEYWORDS: Sri Aurobindo, Boycott, Spriritual implication, politics, Indian independence movement. INTRODUCTION In the social-political theory of Sri Aurobindo swaraj seems to be the path mandatory for transforming a common life into the Life Divine and boycott remains as one of its important corollaries. -
Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education Vol
Journal of Advances and JournalScholarly of Advances and Researches in Scholarly Researches in AlliedAllied Education Education Vol. I V3,, Issue Issue No. 6, VI II, October-2012, ISSN 2230- April7540-2012, ISSN 2230- 7540 REVIEW ARTICLE “A STUDY OF KENGAL HUNUMANTHAIAH’S AN POLITICAL AND SOCIAL THOUGHTS” INTERNATIONALLY INDEXED PEER Study of Political Representations: REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL Diplomatic Missions of Early Indian to Britain www.ignited.in Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education Vol. IV, Issue No. VIII, October-2012, ISSN 2230-7540 “A Study of Kengal Hunumanthaiah’s Political and Social Thoughts” Deepak Kumar T Research Scholar, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Barely, UP Abstract – The paper presents attempts to main focus on the governmental factors of Kengal Hanumanthaiah’s. The paper places of interest the participation of Kengal Hanumanthaiah in the independence association and his role in the fusion of Karnataka. The paper represents Kengal Hanumanthaiah’s role in Politics, the administrative dream of Kengal Hanumanthaiah and how the temporal and spatial dimensions got interlinked with politics during his period. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the political and social vision of Kengal Hanumanthaiah in Karnataka. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - X - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - INTRODUCTION some occasions. Hanumanthaiah clashed with Nehru many times on this issue. His government achieved Kengel Hanumanthaiah was the second Chief Minister the National Economic Growth target at a 15% lower of Mysore State from 30th March 1952 to 19th August outlay. Hanumanthaiah’s period of governance is still 1956. He was the main force behind the construction held in high admiration by the political historians of of the Vidhana Soudha, Bangalore. -
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 1885-1947 Year Place President
INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS 1885-1947 Year Place President 1885 Bombay W.C. Bannerji 1886 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji 1887 Madras Syed Badruddin Tyabji 1888 Allahabad George Yule First English president 1889 Bombay Sir William 1890 Calcutta Sir Pherozeshah Mehta 1891 Nagupur P. Anandacharlu 1892 Allahabad W C Bannerji 1893 Lahore Dadabhai Naoroji 1894 Madras Alfred Webb 1895 Poona Surendranath Banerji 1896 Calcutta M Rahimtullah Sayani 1897 Amraoti C Sankaran Nair 1898 Madras Anandamohan Bose 1899 Lucknow Romesh Chandra Dutt 1900 Lahore N G Chandravarkar 1901 Calcutta E Dinsha Wacha 1902 Ahmedabad Surendranath Banerji 1903 Madras Lalmohan Ghosh 1904 Bombay Sir Henry Cotton 1905 Banaras G K Gokhale 1906 Calcutta Dadabhai Naoroji 1907 Surat Rashbehari Ghosh 1908 Madras Rashbehari Ghosh 1909 Lahore Madanmohan Malaviya 1910 Allahabad Sir William Wedderburn 1911 Calcutta Bishan Narayan Dhar 1912 Patna R N Mudhalkar 1913 Karachi Syed Mahomed Bahadur 1914 Madras Bhupendranath Bose 1915 Bombay Sir S P Sinha 1916 Lucknow A C Majumdar 1917 Calcutta Mrs. Annie Besant 1918 Bombay Syed Hassan Imam 1918 Delhi Madanmohan Malaviya 1919 Amritsar Motilal Nehru www.bankersadda.com | www.sscadda.com| www.careerpower.in | www.careeradda.co.inPage 1 1920 Calcutta Lala Lajpat Rai 1920 Nagpur C Vijaya Raghavachariyar 1921 Ahmedabad Hakim Ajmal Khan 1922 Gaya C R Das 1923 Delhi Abul Kalam Azad 1923 Coconada Maulana Muhammad Ali 1924 Belgaon Mahatma Gandhi 1925 Cawnpore Mrs.Sarojini Naidu 1926 Guwahati Srinivas Ayanagar 1927 Madras M A Ansari 1928 Calcutta Motilal Nehru 1929 Lahore Jawaharlal Nehru 1930 No session J L Nehru continued 1931 Karachi Vallabhbhai Patel 1932 Delhi R D Amritlal 1933 Calcutta Mrs. -
Indian National Congress Sessions
Indian National Congress Sessions INC sessions led the course of many national movements as well as reforms in India. Consequently, the resolutions passed in the INC sessions reflected in the political reforms brought about by the British government in India. Although the INC went through a major split in 1907, its leaders reconciled on their differences soon after to give shape to the emerging face of Independent India. Here is a list of all the Indian National Congress sessions along with important facts about them. This list will help you prepare better for SBI PO, SBI Clerk, IBPS Clerk, IBPS PO, etc. Indian National Congress Sessions During the British rule in India, the Indian National Congress (INC) became a shiny ray of hope for Indians. It instantly overshadowed all the other political associations established prior to it with its very first meeting. Gradually, Indians from all walks of life joined the INC, therefore making it the biggest political organization of its time. Most exam Boards consider the Indian National Congress Sessions extremely noteworthy. This is mainly because these sessions played a great role in laying down the foundational stone of Indian polity. Given below is the list of Indian National Congress Sessions in chronological order. Apart from the locations of various sessions, make sure you also note important facts pertaining to them. Indian National Congress Sessions Post Liberalization Era (1990-2018) Session Place Date President 1 | P a g e 84th AICC Plenary New Delhi Mar. 18-18, Shri Rahul Session 2018 Gandhi Chintan Shivir Jaipur Jan. 18-19, Smt. -
Swap an Das' Gupta Local Politics
SWAP AN DAS' GUPTA LOCAL POLITICS IN BENGAL; MIDNAPUR DISTRICT 1907-1934 Theses submitted in fulfillment of the Doctor of Philosophy degree, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1980, ProQuest Number: 11015890 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11015890 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract This thesis studies the development and social character of Indian nationalism in the Midnapur district of Bengal* It begins by showing the Government of Bengal in 1907 in a deepening political crisis. The structural imbalances caused by the policy of active intervention in the localities could not be offset by the ’paternalistic* and personalised district administration. In Midnapur, the situation was compounded by the inability of government to secure its traditional political base based on zamindars. Real power in the countryside lay in the hands of petty landlords and intermediaries who consolidated their hold in the economic environment of growing commercialisation in agriculture. This was reinforced by a caste movement of the Mahishyas which injected the district with its own version of 'peasant-pride'. -
Surendranath Banerjee
An Illustrious Life 1 2 Surendranath Banerjee Surendranath Banerjee An Illustrious Life 3 Contents Preface vii 1. An Illustrious Life 1 Introduction • The Profile • Birth and Early Life • Beginning of the Career • Career in Education • Stint in Journalism • First Political Platform • The Demise 2. Many Faceted Personality 7 Great Man in the Making • New Career • Fighting against All Odds • Great Orator • Social and Religious Services • Message Across the Country • Uncrowned King of Bengal • Foremost in Politics • Great Reformer • Educationist and Journalist • The Unsung Hero 3. Political Journey 13 In Political Arena • Journey to Prison • Formation of Congress • President of Congress • As Legislator • Mission to England • End of Political Career 4. Political Thought 17 Traditionalist View • Ethical Politics • Faith in Human Nature • Constitutional Methods • Advocacy of Self-government • Advocacy of Liberty • Championing of National Unity • Social Reforms 4 Surendranath Banerjee • Crusade against Poverty • Negating Students’ Participation in Politics 5. Speeches at Congress Sessions 25 Presidential Address at Poona Session • Presidential Address at Ahmedabad Session • Speech at Bombay Session • Speech at Calcutta Session • Speech at Madras Session • Speech at Ahmedabad Session • Speech at Lucknow Session • Speech at Banaras Session • Speech at Lahore Session • Speech at Calcutta Session • Speech at Special Session at London 6. Addresses to the Imperial Council 145 Press Act • Separation of Judicial and Executive Functions • University and Secondary Education • Calcutta University • Decentralisation Commission • Defence of India Act • In Bengal Legislative Council 7. Lectures in England 199 Indian Press • Situation in India • Meeting in Finsbury • Debate at the Oxford Union • India and English Literature 8. Miscellaneous Speeches 243 Indian Unity • Vernacular Press Act • Appeal to the Mohammedan Community • Government and Municipalities • On Social Reforms • Swadeshism • Dacca Conference 9. -
A PROFILE* Jawaharlal Nehru Was No Longer Aliye When the First Indian
On the Occasİon of a Centenary: NEHRU - A PROFILE* Prof. Dr. Türkkaya ATAÖV Jawaharlal Nehru was no longer aliye when the first Indian satellite was put into orbit around the Earth. From outer space India res embles a human heart crossed by the veins of rivers. When Nehru had passed away, his ashes were sprinkled from aircraft to faH ant o his beloved land and mingle with the soiL. The three coloured flag of saffron, white and green, which he had first raised slowly as the flag of free India, was this time at half-mast over the Red Fort in Delhi. Jawaharlal (which means beautiful jewel)was born in Allahabad on November 14, 1889. His father Motilal was from a family of Kashmiri Brahmins. The Moghul Emperor Farrukhsiar, on avisit to the Kashmir VaHey, bestawed on the family an estate on the canal bank. Ever since then, they began to add the word Nehru to the family name - Nehru meaning "canaI" in Sanskrit. Motilal Nehru was born in the north of India, where there is noticeable blending of Hindu and Moslem cultures. Mubarek Ali, a MasIem, found shelter with the Brahman Nehrus after English soldiers had hanged his father in the presence of his mother and killed other relatiyes. At one time, Annie Besant was alsa staying with the Nehru family. She was an Irishwoman, who had won for herself the .name of the "philantropic heroine" of London's East End, the realm of poverty. Motilal was determined to give his son a European education. In 1905 the whole Nehru family set off for England. -
Faculty of Juridical Sciences Course : B.A.Ll.B
BRAND GUIDELINE ---------------------------------------------------- Topic Font Name- Candara Bold Font Size- 20 Font Color- White ------------------------ --------------------------- Heading Font Name- Arial (Bold) Font Size- 16 FACULTY OF JURIDICAL SCIENCES COURSE : B.A.LL.B. IISemester SUBJ ECT: HISTORY IV SUBJECTCIVIL LAW: CODE: MEANING, BAL DEFINITION-402 & IMPORTANCE NAME OF FACULTY: Dr. SADHNA TRIVEDI BRAND GUIDELINE ---------------------------------------------------- Topic Font Name- Candara Bold Font Size- 20 Font Color- White --------------------------------------------------- Heading Font Name- Arial (Bold) Lecture-26 Font Size- 16 The Moderate phase of Politics Indian nationalism arose in the latter half of the 19th century as a result of various factors like western education, socio-religious reforms, British policies and so on. In 1885, the Indian National Congress was formed which played a significant role in India’s freedom movement. The time period from 1885 to 1905 can be called the ‘Moderate Phase’. The leaders of this phase are called moderates. The Indian National Congress (INC) Formed in 1885 by Allan Octavian Hume, a retired British civil servant. Other founding members include Dadabhai Naoroji (Born on September 4, 1825) and Dinshaw Wacha. The first session was held in Bombay under the presidency of Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee in 1885. The first session was attended by 72 delegates from across the country. Viceroy of India at the time was Lord Dufferin who gave his permission to Hume for the first session. The Congress was formed with the intention of discussing problems faced by the people of the country irrespective of caste, creed, religion or language. It was basically a movement of the upper and middle class, western-educated Indians in its moderate phase. -
Gandhi and Bengal Politics 1920
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: F Political Science Volume 15 Issue 6 Version 1.0 Year 2015 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Gandhi and Bengal Politics 1920 - 1940 By Sudeshna Banerjee University of Burdwan, India Abstract- Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi entered nationalist politics in 1920 and changed the character of the national movement completely. Before 1920, Bengal politics was mainly dominated by the activities of the revolutionaries and the politics within Congress. Anushilan Samity and Yugantar were the two main revolutionary groups in Bengal at the beginning of twentieth century. Their main intention was to liberate their motherland through violent struggle. The Congress leaders as well as the revolutionaries of Bengal were not at all ready to accept Gandhi and his doctrine of nonviolence. Gandhi too had no sympathy for the revolutionaries, as their method was against his principle of non-violence. C R Das and Subhas Chandra Bose of Bengal Congress gave stiff opposition to Gandhi. Eventually, the death of C R Das and the imprisonment of Bose at Mandalay prison, Burma saw the emergence of Gandhiites like J M Sengupta through whom gradually the control of Bengal Congress went into the hands of Gandhi. The final showdown between Gandhi and Bose came in 1939 when Bose was compelled to resign as Congress President at Tripuri. Keywords: Swadhinata, Ahimsa, Gandhiites, Anusilan, Yugantar, Bengal provincial congress committee GJHSS-F Classification : FOR Code: 360199 GandhiandBengalPolitics19201940 Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2015. Sudeshna Banerjee. -
Dadabhai Naoroji
UNIT – IV POLITICAL THINKERS DADABHAI NAOROJI Dadabhai Naoroji (4 September 1825 – 30 June 1917) also known as the "Grand Old Man of India" and "official Ambassador of India" was an Indian Parsi scholar, trader and politician who was a Liberal Party member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom House of Commons between 1892 and 1895, and the first Asian to be a British MP, notwithstanding the Anglo- Indian MP David Ochterlony Dyce Sombre, who was disenfranchised for corruption after nine months. Naoroji was one of the founding members of the Indian National Congress. His book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India brought attention to the Indian wealth drain into Britain. In it he explained his wealth drain theory. He was also a member of the Second International along with Kautsky and Plekhanov. Dadabhai Naoroji's works in the congress are praiseworthy. In 1886, 1893, and 1906, i.e., thrice was he elected as the president of INC. In 2014, Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg inaugurated the Dadabhai Naoroji Awards for services to UK-India relations. India Post depicted Naoroji on stamps in 1963, 1997 and 2017. Contents 1Life and career 2Naoroji's drain theory and poverty 3Views and legacy 4Works Life and career Naoroji was born in Navsari into a Gujarati-speaking Parsi family, and educated at the Elphinstone Institute School.[7] He was patronised by the Maharaja of Baroda, Sayajirao Gaekwad III, and started his career life as Dewan (Minister) to the Maharaja in 1874. Being an Athornan (ordained priest), Naoroji founded the Rahnumai Mazdayasan Sabha (Guides on the Mazdayasne Path) on 1 August 1851 to restore the Zoroastrian religion to its original purity and simplicity.