DOCSLIB.ORG

For Review Only

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
For Review Only Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2010 A strain of the bacterial symbiont Regiella insecticola protects aphids against parasitoids Vorburger, C ; Gehrer, L ; Rodriguez, P Abstract: Aphids commonly harbour facultative bacterial endosymbionts and may benefit from their presence through increased resistance to parasitoids. This has been demonstrated for Hamiltonella defensa and Serratia symbiotica, while a third common endosymbiont, Regiella insecticola, did not provide such protection. However, this symbiont was recently detected in a highly resistant clone of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae, from Australia. To test if resistance was indeed conferred by the endosymbiont, we eliminated it from this clone with antibiotics, and we transferred it to two other clones of the same and one clone of a different aphid species (Aphis fabae). Exposing these lines to the parasitoid Aphidius colemani showed clearly that unlike other strains of this bacterium, this specific isolate of R. insecticola provides strong protection against parasitic wasps, suggesting that the ability to protect their host against natural enemies may evolve readily in multiple species of endosymbiotic bacteria. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0642 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-27606 Journal Article Accepted Version Originally published at: Vorburger, C; Gehrer, L; Rodriguez, P (2010). A strain of the bacterial symbiont Regiella insecticola protects aphids against parasitoids. Biology Letters, 6(1):109-111. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0642 Page 1 of 13 Submitted to Biology Letters 1 2 3 4 1 A strain of the bacterial symbiont Regiella insecticola 5 6 7 2 8 protects aphids against parasitoids 9 10 3 11 12 13 4 Christoph Vorburger*, Lukas Gehrer & Paula Rodriguez 14 15 5 16 17 18 6 Institute of Zoology, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland 19 20 7 *E-mail: [email protected] Review Only 21 22 23 8 24 25 9 Aphids commonly harbour facultative bacterial endosymbionts and may benefit 26 27 10 from their presence through increased resistance to parasitoids. This has been 28 29 30 11 demonstrated for Hamiltonella defensa and Serratia symbiotica, while a third 31 32 12 common endosymbiont, Regiella insecticola, did not provide such protection. 33 34 13 35 However, this symbiont was recently detected in a highly resistant clone of the 36 37 14 peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae, from Australia. To test if resistance was indeed 38 39 15 conferred by the endosymbiont, we eliminated it from this clone with antibiotics, 40 41 16 42 and we transferred it to two other clones of the same and one clone of a different 43 44 17 aphid species (Aphis fabae). Exposing these lines to the parasitoid Aphidius colemani 45 46 18 showed clearly that unlike other strains of this bacterium, this specific isolate of R. 47 48 49 19 insecticola provides strong protection against parasitic wasps, suggesting that the 50 51 20 ability to protect their host against natural enemies may evolve readily in multiple 52 53 21 species of endosymbiotic bacteria. 54 55 56 22 57 58 23 Keywords: Aphis fabae; endosymbiont; Myzus persicae; parasitoid; Regiella insecticola; 59 60 24 resistance 1 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bl Submitted to Biology Letters Page 2 of 13 1 2 3 25 1. INTRODUCTION 4 5 6 26 Hymenopteran parasitoids are important natural enemies of aphids and may strongly 7 8 27 reduce their population growth (Schmidt et al. 2003). Despite this strong selection, there 9 10 28 11 is enormous clonal variation for susceptibility to parasitoids in natural populations of 12 13 29 aphids (Henter & Via 1995; Ferrari et al. 2001; von Burg et al. 2008; Vorburger et al. 14 15 30 2009). Some of this variation is explained by genetic differences among aphid clones 16 17 31 18 (von Burg et al. 2008; Vorburger et al. 2009), but most of the variation is due to 19 20 32 endosymbiotic bacteriaFor that some Review clones possess (Oliver Only et al. 2003). In addition to the 21 22 33 obligate or primary endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola, which serves a nutritional 23 24 34 25 function (Douglas 1998), aphids may harbour a number of facultative or secondary 26 27 35 endosymbionts. The best studied are Hamiltonella defensa, Serratia symbiotica and 28 29 36 Regiella insecticola (Moran et al. 2005). They are faithfully transmitted from mother to 30 31 32 37 offspring and have remarkable phenotypic effects on their hosts, including protection 33 34 38 against natural enemies. Hamiltonella defensa and S. symbiotica have both been shown to 35 36 39 37 increase resistance to parasitoids (Oliver et al. 2003), which is due to their carrying a 38 39 40 toxin-encoding bacteriophage (APSE) that is responsible for the defence (Oliver et al. 40 41 41 2009). Regiella insecticola, on the other hand, increases resistance to a fungal pathogen 42 43 42 44 (Ferrari et al. 2004; Scarborough et al. 2005), but does not seem to protect against 45 46 43 parasitoids (Oliver et al. 2003; Vorburger et al. 2009), although a comparative study by 47 48 44 Ferrari et al. (2004) suggested an association between infection with R. insecticola and 49 50 51 45 increased resistance to the parasitoid Aphidius eadyi in pea aphids. 52 53 46 In a recent study on a collection of Australian clones of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus 54 55 47 persicae, von Burg et al. (2008) found one R. insecticola-infected clone to be entirely 56 57 58 48 resistant to two species of parasitoids. Yet with just a single, naturally infected clone it 59 60 49 was not possible to infer whether the high resistance was a genetic effect or conferred by 2 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bl Page 3 of 13 Submitted to Biology Letters 1 2 3 50 the endosymbiont. Here we report a study in which we separated these effects by 4 5 6 51 experimentally infecting other aphid clones with the same isolate of R. insecticola and by 7 8 52 curing the naturally infected clone with antibiotics. The results show clearly that unlike 9 10 53 11 other strains of R. insecticola, this specific isolate strongly increases resistance to 12 13 54 parasitoids, while also having a positive effect on aphid body size. 14 15 55 16 17 56 18 2. MATERIAL AND METHODS 19 20 57 (a) Insects For Review Only 21 22 58 We worked with four pairs of aphid lines, each representing a different clone either with 23 24 59 25 or without the R. insecticola isolate that was suspected to provide defence against 26 27 60 parasitoids. Clone 5.15 is the resistant clone of M. persicae described in von Burg et al. 28 29 61 (2008). It was collected in 2003 at Bacchus Marsh, Australia, and naturally harboured R. 30 31 32 62 insecticola. Its infection with this symbiont was diagnosed by sequencing part of the 16S 33 34 63 ribosomal RNA gene (von Burg et al. 2008). The sequence is deposited in GenBank (no. 35 36 64 R- 37 EF596788). We cured this clone from R. insecticola to create line 5.15 . For this we 38 39 65 injected adult females with a solution of 0.2 mg/ml of Gentamicin. Their offspring (F1) 40 41 66 produced on the second day after injection were reared singly until they were adult and 42 43 67 44 started to reproduce. Then we sacrificed the F1 adults and tested for the presence of R. 45 46 68 insecticola by diagnostic PCR, using a primer pair specific to this endosymbiont 47 48 69 (Tsuchida et al. 2006). Offspring of females that tested negative were propagated further. 49 50 51 70 After all of these lines also tested negative in the F2 and F3 generation, we just retained 52 53 71 one line for further use. 54 55 72 To transfer R. insecticola from clone 5.15 into three previously uninfected aphid 56 57 58 73 clones, we used a microinjection protocol similar to the one described in Oliver et al. 59 60 74 (2003). The recipients included two clones of M. persicae (5.3 and 7.9, also collected at 3 http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/bl Submitted to Biology Letters Page 4 of 13 1 2 3 75 Bacchus Marsh in 2003) and one clone of the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, collected at 4 5 6 76 St. Margrethen, Switzerland, in 2006 (clone A06-405, Vorburger et al. 2009). The latter 7 8 77 was used to test if any protective effect of this strain of R. insecticola would also be 9 10 78 11 expressed in other aphid species. Briefly, we anaesthetized aphids with CO2 and 12 13 79 punctured adults of the donor clone 5.15 to suck up the extruding hemolymph with a fine 14 15 80 glass needle attached to a microinjection pump (FemtoJet , Eppendorf). This hemolymph 16 17 18 81 was then injected into fourth instar nymphs of the receiver clones. The surviving 19 20 82 recipients were placedFor individually Review on plants and allowed Only to reproduce until they died. 21 22 83 We only retained the last few F1 offspring they produced and tested them for infection 23 24 25 84 with R. insecticola by diagnostic PCR after they had reproduced. Progeny of positive F1 26 27 85 were propagated further and tested again in the F2 and F3 generations. All lines retained 28 29 86 30 their acquired infection, so we reduced them again to one infected line per clone, labelled 31 R5.15 R5.15 R5.15 32 87 5.3 , 7.9 and A06-405 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Multi-Scale Characterization of Symbiont Diversity in the Pea Aphid
    Guyomar et al. Microbiome (2018) 6:181 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-018-0562-9 RESEARCH Open Access Multi-scale characterization of symbiont diversity in the pea aphid complex through metagenomic approaches Cervin Guyomar1,2, Fabrice Legeai1,2, Emmanuelle Jousselin3, Christophe Mougel1, Claire Lemaitre2 and Jean-Christophe Simon1* Abstract Background: Most metazoans are involved in durable relationships with microbes which can take several forms, from mutualism to parasitism. The advances of NGS technologies and bioinformatics tools have opened opportunities to shed light on the diversity of microbial communities and to give some insights into the functions they perform in a broad array of hosts. The pea aphid is a model system for the study of insect-bacteria symbiosis. It is organized in a complex of biotypes, each adapted to specific host plants. It harbors both an obligatory symbiont supplying key nutrients and several facultative symbionts bringing additional functions to the host, such as protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known on how the symbiont genomic diversity is structured at different scales: across host biotypes, among individuals of the same biotype, or within individual aphids, which limits our understanding on how these multi-partner symbioses evolve and interact. Results: We present a framework well adapted to the study of genomic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of the pea aphid holobiont from metagenomic read sets, based on mapping to reference genomes and whole genome variant calling. Our results revealed that the pea aphid microbiota is dominated by a few heritable bacterial symbionts reported in earlier works, with no discovery of new microbial associates.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Communities of Two Parthenogenetic Aphid Species Cocolonizing Two Host Plants Across the Hawaiian Islandsᰔ Ryan T
    APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, Dec. 2011, p. 8345–8349 Vol. 77, No. 23 0099-2240/11/$12.00 doi:10.1128/AEM.05974-11 Copyright © 2011, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Bacterial Communities of Two Parthenogenetic Aphid Species Cocolonizing Two Host Plants across the Hawaiian Islandsᰔ Ryan T. Jones,1* Alberto Bressan,2 April M. Greenwell,2 and Noah Fierer1,3 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado1; Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii2; and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado3 Downloaded from Received 25 June 2011/Accepted 3 September 2011 Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) have been the focus of several studies with respect to their interactions with inherited symbionts, but bacterial communities of most aphid species are still poorly characterized. In this research, we used bar-coded pyrosequencing to characterize bacterial communities in aphids. Specifically, we examined the diversity of bacteria in two obligately parthenogenetic aphid species (the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, and the cardamom aphid, Pentalonia caladii) cocolonizing two plant species (taro, Colocasia esculenta, and ginger, Alpinia purpurata) across four Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, and Oahu). Results from this study revealed that heritable symbionts dominated the bacterial communities for both aphid species. The http://aem.asm.org/ bacterial communities differed significantly between the two species, and A. gossypii harbored a more diverse bacterial community than P. caladii. The bacterial communities also differed across aphid populations sampled from the different islands; however, communities did not differ between aphids collected from the two host plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Oat Aphid, Rhopalosiphum Padi
    Insect Science (2020) 27, 69–85, DOI 10.1111/1744-7917.12606 ORIGINAL ARTICLE The price of protection: a defensive endosymbiont impairs nymph growth in the bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi Daniel J. Leybourne1,2,3 , Jorunn I. B. Bos1,2, Tracy A. Valentine3 and Alison J. Karley3 1Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; 2Cell and Molecular Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK and 3Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, UK Abstract Bacterial endosymbionts have enabled aphids to adapt to a range of stressors, but their effects in many aphid species remain to be established. The bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), is an important pest of cereals worldwide and has been reported to form symbiotic associations with Serratia symbiotica and Sitobion miscanthi L-type symbiont endobacteria, although the resulting aphid phenotype has not been described. This study presents the first report of R. padi infection with the facultative bacterial endosymbiont Hamiltonella defensa. Individuals of R. padi were sampled from populations in Eastern Scotland, UK, and shown to represent seven R. padi genotypes based on the size of polymorphic microsatellite markers; two of these genotypes harbored H. defensa. In parasitism assays, survival of H. defensa-infected nymphs following attack by the parasitoid wasp Aphidius colemani (Viereck) was 5 fold higher than for uninfected nymphs. Aphid genotype was a major determinant of aphid performance on two Hordeum species, a modern cultivar of barley H. vulgare and a wild relative H. spontaneum, although aphids infected with H. defensa showed 16% lower nymph mass gain on the partially resistant wild relative compared with uninfected individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: Adelgidae)
    The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 384–396 & 2012 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/12 www.nature.com/ismej ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bacteriocyte-associated gammaproteobacterial symbionts of the Adelges nordmannianae/piceae complex (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Elena R Toenshoff1, Thomas Penz1, Thomas Narzt2, Astrid Collingro1, Stephan Schmitz-Esser1,3, Stefan Pfeiffer1, Waltraud Klepal2, Michael Wagner1, Thomas Weinmaier4, Thomas Rattei4 and Matthias Horn1 1Department of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 2Core Facility, Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 3Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Science, Institute for Milk Hygiene, Milk Technology and Food Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria and 4Department of Computational Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Adelgids (Insecta: Hemiptera: Adelgidae) are known as severe pests of various conifers in North America, Canada, Europe and Asia. Here, we present the first molecular identification of bacteriocyte-associated symbionts in these plant sap-sucking insects. Three geographically distant populations of members of the Adelges nordmannianae/piceae complex, identified based on coI and ef1alpha gene sequences, were investigated. Electron and light microscopy revealed two morphologically different endosymbionts, coccoid or polymorphic, which are located in distinct bacteriocytes. Phylogenetic analyses of their 16S and 23S rRNA gene sequences assigned both symbionts to novel lineages within the Gammaproteobacteria sharing o92% 16S rRNA sequence similarity with each other and showing no close relationship with known symbionts of insects. Their identity and intracellular location were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and the names ‘Candidatus Steffania adelgidicola’ and ‘Candidatus Ecksteinia adelgidicola’ are proposed for tentative classification.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Endosymbionts in Mediating Plant Defense Responses to Herbivory by the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon Pisum
    Influence of Endosymbionts in Mediating Plant Defense Responses to Herbivory by the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum By Jill Piorkowski A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Auburn, Alabama May 3, 2014 Key words: Acyrthosiphon pisum, Regiella insecticola, endosymbionts, insect oral secretions, phytohormone-dependent defense signaling, plant enzymatic activity Approved by Henry Fadamiro, Chair, Alumni Professor of Entomology Joseph Kloepper, Professor of Plant Pathology John Murphy, Professor of Plant Pathology Ayanava Majumdar, Extension Entomologist Abstract Growing evidence suggests that symbiotic microbes that colonize different tissues and organs, known as endosymbionts, may influence the behavioral and physiological traits exhibited by insects as they interact with plants. Endosymbionts and insect hosts share a mutual interest in combating plant defenses, and research is demonstrating that endosymbionts can manipulate phytohormone-dependent signaling pathways that regulate a variety of defenses against herbivorous insects. Using the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and the aphid endosymbiont, Regiella insecticola, this study tested the hypothesis that endosymbionts can modify pea plant defenses to the benefit of aphid hosts. Defense-related activities associated with major molecular-signaling pathways were examined to determine the effects of a R. insecticola-aphid unification in plant enzymatic activity and gene expression after a period of aphid infestation. Later, aphid nymph and adult stages were assessed to compare parameters of survival and fecundity between aphids with and without R. insecticola. Interestingly, plant enzymatic activity and gene expression levels were always highest in response to infestation by aphids lacking R. insecticola and lowest after infestation by aphids harboring R.
    [Show full text]
  • Is Not Always Better: Coinfections with Defensive Symbionts Generate
    INVERTEBRATE MICROBIOLOGY crossm More Is Not Always Better: Coinfections with Defensive Downloaded from Symbionts Generate Highly Variable Outcomes S. R. Weldon,a J. A. Russell,b K. M. Olivera aDepartment of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA bDepartment of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA http://aem.asm.org/ ABSTRACT Animal-associated microbes are highly variable, contributing to a di- verse set of symbiont-mediated phenotypes. Given that host and symbiont geno- types, and their interactions, can impact symbiont-based phenotypes across environ- ments, there is potential for extensive variation in fitness outcomes. Pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum, host a diverse assemblage of heritable facultative symbionts (HFS) with characterized roles in host defense. Protective phenotypes have been largely studied as single infections, but pea aphids often carry multiple HFS species, and particular combinations may be enriched or depleted compared to expectations on February 18, 2020 at UNIV OF GEORGIA LIBRARIES based on chance. Here, we examined the consequences of single infection versus coinfection with two common HFS exhibiting variable enrichment, the antiparasitoid Hamiltonella defensa and the antipathogen Regiella insecticola, across three host ge- notypes and environments. As expected, single infections with either H. defensa or R. insecticola raised defenses against their respective targets. Single infections with pro- tective H. defensa lowered aphid fitness in the absence of enemy challenge, while R. insecticola was comparatively benign. However, as a coinfection, R. insecticola ame- liorated H. defensa infection costs. Coinfected aphids continued to receive antiparasi- toid protection from H. defensa, but protection was weakened by R. insecticola in two clones. Notably, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Lists of Names of Prokaryotic Candidatus Taxa
    NOTIFICATION LIST: CANDIDATUS LIST NO. 1 Oren et al., Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. DOI 10.1099/ijsem.0.003789 Lists of names of prokaryotic Candidatus taxa Aharon Oren1,*, George M. Garrity2,3, Charles T. Parker3, Maria Chuvochina4 and Martha E. Trujillo5 Abstract We here present annotated lists of names of Candidatus taxa of prokaryotes with ranks between subspecies and class, pro- posed between the mid- 1990s, when the provisional status of Candidatus taxa was first established, and the end of 2018. Where necessary, corrected names are proposed that comply with the current provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes and its Orthography appendix. These lists, as well as updated lists of newly published names of Candidatus taxa with additions and corrections to the current lists to be published periodically in the International Journal of Systematic and Evo- lutionary Microbiology, may serve as the basis for the valid publication of the Candidatus names if and when the current propos- als to expand the type material for naming of prokaryotes to also include gene sequences of yet-uncultivated taxa is accepted by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes. Introduction of the category called Candidatus was first pro- morphology, basis of assignment as Candidatus, habitat, posed by Murray and Schleifer in 1994 [1]. The provisional metabolism and more. However, no such lists have yet been status Candidatus was intended for putative taxa of any rank published in the journal. that could not be described in sufficient details to warrant Currently, the nomenclature of Candidatus taxa is not covered establishment of a novel taxon, usually because of the absence by the rules of the Prokaryotic Code.
    [Show full text]
  • This Is a Repository Copy of Aphid Facultative Symbionts Aid Recovery of Their Obligate Symbiont and Their Host After Heat Stress
    This is a repository copy of Aphid facultative symbionts aid recovery of their obligate symbiont and their host after heat stress. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/157745/ Article: Ferrari, Julia orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-4254, Smee, Melanie and Heyworth, Eleanor Rose (Accepted: 2020) Aphid facultative symbionts aid recovery of their obligate symbiont and their host after heat stress. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. ISSN 2296-701X (In Press) Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Aphid facultative symbionts aid recovery of their obligate symbiont and their host after heat stress 1 Eleanor R. Heyworth#, Melanie R. Smee1# and Julia Ferrari* 2 Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom 3 4 1 Current Address: Microbiology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA 5 # These authors contributed equally to this work 6 * Correspondence: 7 Julia Ferrari 8 [email protected] 9 Keywords: Acyrthosiphon pisum; Buchnera aphidicola; facultative symbiont; heat stress; insect 10 symbionts; quantitative PCR; symbiosis 11 Abstract 12 Environmental conditions affect insect fitness, with many species constrained by specific temperature 13 ranges.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigating Costs of Defensive Symbiosis in Aphids
    Research Collection Doctoral Thesis The price of protection: Investigating costs of defensive symbiosis in aphids Author(s): Kaech, Heidi Publication Date: 2020 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000493441 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library DISS. ETH NO. 27282 The price of protection: Investigating costs of defensive symbiosis in aphids A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by HEIDI KAECH MSc ETH in Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland born on 14.02.1988 citizen of Buttisholz LU, Switzerland accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Christoph Vorburger Prof. Dr. Jukka Jokela Prof. Dr. Kerry M. Oliver 2020 Table of Content Table of Content ....................................................................................................................... 1 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 2 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................................................... 4 General Introduction ................................................................................................................ 6 Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Hamiltonella Defensa, Genome Evolution of Protective Bacterial Endosymbiont from Pathogenic Ancestors
    Hamiltonella defensa, genome evolution of protective bacterial endosymbiont from pathogenic ancestors Patrick H. Degnana,1, Yeisoo Yub, Nicholas Sisnerosb, Rod A. Wingb, and Nancy A. Morana aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, bArizona Genomics Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 Edited by Edward F. DeLong, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, and approved April 14, 2009 (received for review January 7, 2009) Eukaryotes engage in a multitude of beneficial and deleterious also be transmitted horizontally either intraspecifically [e.g., interactions with bacteria. Hamiltonella defensa, an endosymbiont sexually (22)] or interspecifically (12, 17). Moreover, protection of aphids and other sap-feeding insects, protects its aphid host by H. defensa has been shown to be transferable between from attack by parasitoid wasps. Thus H. defensa is only condi- distantly related aphid species (19). tionally beneficial to hosts, unlike ancient nutritional symbionts, Although H. defensa confers protection, it also exhibits many such as Buchnera, that are obligate. Similar to pathogenic bacteria, attributes of enteric pathogens. Its lifestyle requires that it invade H. defensa is able to invade naive hosts and circumvent host novel hosts, and a preliminary survey of its genome content immune responses. We have sequenced the genome of H. defensa showed that it contains many pathogenicity factors related to to identify possible mechanisms that underlie its persistence in host invasion (18). APSE strains encode toxins, including cyto- healthy aphids and protection from parasitoids. The 2.1-Mb ge- lethal distending toxin and Shiga-like toxin, intimating a role of nome has undergone significant reduction in size relative to its horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in modulating the protection closest free-living relatives, which include Yersinia and Serratia conferred by H.
    [Show full text]
  • Intraspecific Variation in Symbiont Density in an Insect-Microbe Symbiosis 2 3 Benjamin J
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.365353; this version posted November 3, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Intraspecific variation in symbiont density in an insect-microbe symbiosis 2 3 Benjamin J. Parker,1,2,3* Jan Hrček,1,4 Ailsa H.C. McLean,1 Jennifer A. Brisson,3 & H. 4 Charles J. Godfray 1 5 6 1 Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX13PS, UK 7 8 2 Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA 9 10 3 Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA 11 12 4 Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of 13 Sciences, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice 37005, Czech Republic 14 15 16 17 ORCIDs: BJP: 0000-0002-0679-4732; JH: 0000-0003-0711-6447; AHCM: 0000-0002-8195- 18 2593; JAB: 0000-0001-7000-0709; HCJG: 0000-0001-8859-7232 19 20 * Author for correspondence: [email protected], phone: +1 865 974 9818 21 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.03.365353; this version posted November 3, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 22 ABSTRACT 23 24 Many insects host vertically-transmitted microbes, which can confer benefits to their hosts but 25 are costly to maintain and regulate. A key feature of these symbioses is variation: for example, 26 symbiont density can vary among host and symbiont genotypes.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultivation-Assisted Genome of Candidatus Fukatsuia Symbiotica; the Enigmatic “X-Type” Symbiont of Aphids
    GBE Cultivation-Assisted Genome of Candidatus Fukatsuia symbiotica; the Enigmatic “X-Type” Symbiont of Aphids Vilas Patel1,†, Germain Chevignon2,†, Alejandro Manzano-Marın3,JayceW.Brandt1, Michael R. Strand1, Jacob A. Russell4,andKerryM.Oliver 1,* 1Department of Entomology, University of Georgia 2Montpellier Cell Biology Research Center, Montpellier, France Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article-abstract/11/12/3510/5625627 by guest on 27 December 2019 3CBGP, INRA, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, France 4Department of Biology, Drexel University †These authors contributed equally to this work. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: November 13, 2019 Data deposition: This project has been deposited at GenBank under the accessions CP021659-CP021662. Abstract Heritable symbionts are common in terrestrial arthropods and often provide beneficial services to hosts. Unlike obligate, nutritional symbionts that largely persist under strict host control within specialized host cells, heritable facultative symbionts exhibit large variation in within-host lifestyles and services rendered with many retaining the capacity to transition among roles. One enigmatic symbiont, Candidatus Fukatsuia symbiotica, frequently infects aphids with reported roles ranging from pathogen, defensive sym- biont, mutualism exploiter, and nutritional co-obligate symbiont. Here, we used an in vitro culture-assisted protocol to sequence the genome of a facultative strain of Fukatsuia from pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum). Phylogenetic and genomic comparisons indicate that Fukatsuia is an aerobic heterotroph, which together with Regiella insecticola and Hamiltonella defensa form a clade of heritable facultative symbionts within the Yersiniaceae (Enterobacteriales). These three heritable facultative symbionts largely share over- lapping inventories of genes associated with housekeeping functions, metabolism, and nutrient acquisition, while varying in comple- ments of mobile DNA.
    [Show full text]