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Achieving Urban Sustainable and Regenerative Development in Emerging Economies

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Achieving Urban Sustainable and Regenerative Development in Emerging Economies Achieving Urban Sustainable and Regenerative Development in Emerging Economies Editors: Brian H Roberts and Joshua Drake ABSTRACT Secondary cities comprise over 16% of the world's in economic and community development, population. They play an important role in the infrastructure, finance, local government, logistics development and operations of countries as and governance. The book provides policy and intermediary hubs and logistics centres within planning recommendations, as well as practical national industry supply chains and production initiatives and approaches that secondary cities systems. They serve around 22% of the world's can use. The book is intended for leaders and population living in metropolitan regions and policymakers responsible for the development 62% of those in smaller regional cities, towns and of secondary cities, but it will be of interest to rural areas. As such, they have a key role to play other readers involved in urban and regional in supporting post-COVID-19 recovery efforts. development recovery efforts post COVID-19. Secondary cities have, until recent years, been a This book was also written by its contributors as neglected area of public policy and investment, a farewell tribute to the work of William (Billy) especially in emerging economies. This book Cobbett, Cities Alliance’s outgoing Director. includes a series of vignettes presented as chapters by authors with significant knowledge and experience of disaster recovery. It provides Key Words: Post-COVID-19 recovery; secondary different perspectives on what can be done cities; intermediate cities; emerging economies; to support the sustainable and regenerative policy; systems of cities; urban resilience; disaster development of secondary cities in developing recovery. countries post COVID-19 do to support the sustainable and regenerative development of secondary cities in developing countries post COVID-19. These perspectives cover topics TECHNICAL SUPERVISION Joshua Drake Rene Peter Hohmann EDITORS Brian H Roberts Joshua Drake Keith Tatenda Mudadi Rene Peter Hohmann AUTHORS Serge Allou Michael Cohen Mitchell Cook Joshua Drake Rene Peter Hohmann Joe Leitmann Mike Lindfield Omar Siddique Jamie Simpson Brian H Roberts Bernadia Tjandradewi Clare Short COMMUNICATIONS Yamila Castro Pietro Ceppi ISBN: 9789082261769 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors, and do not reflect the corporate policies or viewpoints of Cities Alliance Secretariat, its members, or UNOPS ©Cities Alliance (2021), Post COVID-19 Sustainable and Regenerative Development of Secondary Cities in Emerging Economies, Cities Alliance/ UNOPS, Brussels TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD 8 1 INTRODUCTION 15 1.1 COVID-19 Setting a New Context Forcing Change ......................................................................................... 15 1.2 COVID-19 and Secondary Cities ....................................................................................................................... 16 1.3 10 Key Challenges of COVID-19 on the Future Development of Secondary Cities ..................................... 16 1.4 Emerging Opportunities ..................................................................................................................................... 18 1.5 Post COVID-19 Development Pathways ........................................................................................................... 19 1.6 Purpose and Book Content ................................................................................................................................ 20 2 RECALIBRATING CITIES, RECONSIDERING URBAN STRATEGY: 23 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 23 2.2 Challenging the Assumptions of Current Urban Growth Models .................................................................... 25 2.3 Employment and the Future of Work ................................................................................................................. 27 2.4 Rebalancing the Big City Bias within National Urban Investment Strategies ................................................. 28 2.5 An Agenda for Action on National Urban Strategy .......................................................................................... 28 3 RESTORING PROSPERITY TO LOCAL ECONOMIES 31 3.1 Framework for Post Covid-19 Recovery ............................................................................................................. 32 3.2 Transformational Phase ....................................................................................................................................... 37 3.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................ 38 4 HARD AND SOFT INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD TO RECOVERY 41 4.1 What is Infrastructure? ......................................................................................................................................... 42 4.2 Transformational Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................... 44 4.3 Institutional Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................... 45 4.4 Remodelling City Services ................................................................................................................................... 46 4.5 Smartening Up Physical Infrastructure ............................................................................................................... 48 4.6 Realigning Infrastructure for a New Economy ................................................................................................... 49 5 INSTITUTIONS AND GOVERNANCE IN POST-COVID RECOVERY 53 5.1 The Challenges .................................................................................................................................................... 54 5.2 Resilience Strategies¹ ........................................................................................................................................ 55 5.3 Post Recovery Strategy ........................................................................................................................................ 60 5.4 Post-Covid-19 Restoration of Local Governance .............................................................................................. 64 6 DISRUPTING DISRUPTION: COVID-19 AND THE RESHAPING OF URBAN AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS 67 6.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 67 6.2 Urbanisation, Cities and Logistics: Making the Connections ........................................................................... 68 6.3 Dis-connected: Logistical barriers to urban network development and productivity ................................... 70 6.4 Responding to COVID – 19: The Case for Secondary Cities............................................................................ 72 6.5 A time for new best practice led by secondary cities ....................................................................................... 75 7 FINANCING SECONDARY CITY RECOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT 77 7.1 Local government finance in developing economies and the impact of COVID-19 .................................... 79 7.2 Strategic considerations for financing local government long term recovery from COVID-19 .................... 82 7.3 Financing the Post-Pandemic City .................................................................................................................... 85 8 PROMOTING RESILIENCE TO SHOCKS AND STRESSES 89 8.1 Why bother about cities and especially secondary cities? ............................................................................... 90 8.2 Implications of COVID-19 for urban resilience .................................................................................................. 93 8.3 Options for building forward .............................................................................................................................. 93 8.4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................ 97 9 BUILDING SMARTER, EQUITABLE AND INCLUSIVE COMMUNITIES 101 9.1 Situational Analysis .............................................................................................................................................. 103 9.2 Building Smarter Communities .......................................................................................................................... 103 9.3 Measures to Support Community Post COVID Recovery Efforts .................................................................... 104 9.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................................... 108 10 SYNTHESISING THE KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLEMENTING THE CHANGE 111 10.1 Synthesising the knowledge ............................................................................................................................... 112 10.2 What Needs to Change .....................................................................................................................................
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