DOCSLIB.ORG

The Pennsylvania State University the Graduate School Intercollege

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Pennsylvania State University the Graduate School Intercollege The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Intercollege Program of Neuroscience THE INTERACTION OF INFLAMMATION AND GENDER/SEX IN BIPOLAR DISORDER A Dissertation in Neuroscience by Caitlin E. Millett Ó 2018 Caitlin E. Millett Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2018 The dissertation of Caitlin E. Millett was reviewed and approved* by the following: Erika FH Saunders Chair, Department of Psychiatry Director, Mood Disorders Program Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Patricia (Sue) Grigson Professor, Neural and Behavioral Science James Connor Distinguished Professor of Neurosurgery, Neural and Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics Vice Chair of Neurosurgery Research Director, Center for Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases Julio Fernandez-Mendoza Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry Colin Barnstable Professor and Chair, Neural & Behavioral Sciences Co-Director of the Graduate Program in Neuroscience *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT In recent decades, inflammatory/immune activation has emerged as an important factor in the onset and progression of mood disorders. Increased pro-inflammatory markers have been observed in the peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and postmortem brain tissue of individuals with Bipolar Disorder (BD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Further, pro- inflammatory cytokine concentrations may decline during periods of normal mood (euthymia). There is evidence for a causal relationship between peripheral concentrations of the cytokine IL-6 in childhood, which can predict the onset of depressive symptoms in adulthood. Here we have proposed that gender and/or sex moderates the relationship between inflammation and mood in BD. Women and men are known to have different symptomatology and comorbidities associated with a diagnosis of BD; women have higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and eating disorders, whereas men have higher rates of alcohol and cannabis abuse and conduct disorder. Further, women with BD are known to experience depressive symptoms at the onset of the illness, whereas men are more likely to experience mania at onset. Moreover, there are known sex-based differences in inflammatory/immune activation. In general females have more robust cell- mediated and humoral immune responses to antigenic challenges compared with males. Women had higher self-reported feelings of depression and social isolation after endotoxin injection compared to men in a recent report. In contrast, it is known that the female sex hormone 17-β estradiol (E2) is broadly anti-inflammatory and confers protection against sepsis – a life-threatening complication of infection. iv Our research aims to address gaps in knowledge related to inflammation and gender/sex in BD. In our first study (Chapter 2) we examined peripheral biomarkers from human participants with symptomatic BD. The biomarkers of interest were (1) neopterin – a marker of the acute phase immune response that is released from activated macrophages, and (2) zinc – an essential biometal and antioxidant in the human body. We postulated that neopterin would be increased in symptomatic BD and zinc would be decreased. Further, we hypothesized that gender/sex would moderate the relationship between biomarker concentration and mania and depression severity. Our results indicated that peripheral zinc concentrations were in fact reduced in symptomatic BD compared to a healthy control population. Further, we found that zinc concentrations were associated with severity of depressive symptoms in women with BD. In contrast, neopterin concentrations were associated with mania severity in men with BD. In this way, our findings underscore the importance of analyzing gender differences in biomarker studies. This research will help to advance the field of personalized medicine for BD. In our second study (Chapter 3), we postulated that male and female mice would respond differently to an injection of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) – a component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. Further, we expected that there would be a sex- based dichotomy in regard to the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brain after LPS injection. We found that males had higher levels of depressive-like behavior after LPS, compared to saline treated males. Further, we found increased protein levels of superoxide dismutase in the male hippocampus. 28 days after the LPS injection, males showed signs of increased apoptosis in the hippocampus – higher cleaved caspase 3 protein levels and increased TUNEL staining. Females overall appeared more resilient against LPS administration – they did not show signs of apoptosis or oxidative stress in the v hippocampus and did not increase depressive-like behavior. However, females appeared more ‘sick’ than males, indicated by decreased mobility in the open field test. Overall our study indicated that (1) inflammation may underlie hippocampal atrophy in some cases in males, (2) females appear to have a different behavioral response to inflammation compared to males, (3) females are more resilient against deleterious effects on LPS on the hippocampus compared to males. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... xi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......................................................................................... xii Chapter 1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 The History of Melancholy ........................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Hysteria ............................................................................................... 2 1.2 Mood Disorders Defined .............................................................................. 4 1.3 Global Impact .............................................................................................. 7 1.4 Burden......................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Gender/sex Influences Psychopathology and Prevalence ........................... 11 1.6 Inflammation in Mood Disorders .................................................................. 13 1.6.1 Inflammation Mechanisms to Depressive Symptoms ........................... 16 1.6.2 Inflammation and Gender/Sex.............................................................. 22 1.7 Animal Models ............................................................................................ 24 1.8 The Antioxidant Zinc .................................................................................... 25 1.9 Summary and Specific Aims ........................................................................ 30 1.10 References……………………………………………………………………….34 Chapter 2 Peripheral zinc and neopterin concentrations are associated with mood severity in bipolar disorder in a gender-specific manner .................................... 43 2.1 Abstract ....................................................................................................... 43 2.2 Introduction ................................................................................................. 44 2.3 Methods ...................................................................................................... 46 2.3.1 Participants .......................................................................................... 46 2.3.2 Rating Scales ....................................................................................... 46 2.3.3 Sample Collection and Biomarker Analysis .......................................... 47 2.3.4 Statistical Analysis ............................................................................... 48 2.4 Results ........................................................................................................ 48 2.4.1 Demographics and Clinical Data .......................................................... 48 2.4.2 Peripheral Biomarkerd in BD and HC ................................................... 50 2.4.3 Differential Association of Zinc, Neopterin, and Mood by Gender ......... 53 2.4.4 Follow-up Zinc and Mood State Analysis ............................................. 56 2.5 Discussion ................................................................................................... 57 2.6 References .................................................................................................. 63 Chapter 3 The sex-specific effects of LPS on depressive-like behavior and oxidative stress in the hippocampus of the mouse............................................. 68 vii 3.1 Abstract ....................................................................................................... 68 3.2 Introduction ................................................................................................. 70 3.3 Methods ...................................................................................................... 72 3.3.1 Animals ................................................................................................ 72 3.3.2 Experimental Design ............................................................................ 72 3.3.3 Behavioral Analysis.............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Suicidal Ideation Among Depressed People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, West Africa
    Open Journal of Medical Psychology, 2014, 3, 262-270 Published Online April 2014 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ojmp http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojmp.2014.33027 Suicidal Ideation among Depressed People Living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, West Africa Rasaki O. Shittu1, Moradeyo K. Alabi2, Louis O. Odeigah2, Musa A. Sanni3, Baba A. Issa4, Abdulganiyu T. Olanrewaju4, Abdullateef Gbenga Sule5, Sunday A. Aderibigbe6 1Department of Family Medicine, Kwara State Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria 2Department of Family Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria 3Department of Haematology, Kwara State Specialist Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria 4Department of Behavioural Sciences, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria 5Department of Family Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria 6Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received 13 March 2014; revised 13 April 2014; accepted 20 April 2014 Copyright © 2014 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Objective: Transient suicide thoughts are common to some people throughout the course of HIV disease and often do not indicate significant risk of suicide. However, persistent suicidal thoughts with associated feelings of hopelessness and intent to die are very serious and must be assessed promptly and carefully. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the relationship between depression, hopelessness, psychosocial stressors and suicidal ideation in PLWHAs.
    [Show full text]
  • Preventing Suicide: a Global Imperative
    PreventingPreventing suicidesuicide A globalglobal imperativeimperative PreventingPreventing suicidesuicide A globalglobal imperativeimperative WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Preventing suicide: a global imperative. 1.Suicide, Attempted. 2.Suicide - prevention and control. 3.Suicidal Ideation. 4.National Health Programs. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 156477 9 (NLM classification: HV 6545) © World Health Organization 2014 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ available on the WHO website (www.who.int) or can be purchased products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications –whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. (www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility The designations employed and the presentation of the material in for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning arising from its use.
    [Show full text]
  • Homicide Studies
    University of Groningen Homicide – Suicide in the Netherlands. An epidemiology. Liem, M; Postulart, M.; Nieuwbeerta, P. Published in: Homicide Studies DOI: 10.1177/1088767908330833 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2009 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Liem, M., Postulart, M., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2009). Homicide – Suicide in the Netherlands. An epidemiology. Homicide Studies, 13, 99-123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767908330833 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 27-09-2021 Homicide Studies http://hsx.sagepub.com/ Homicide-Suicide in the Netherlands : An Epidemiology Marieke Liem, Marieke Postulart and Paul Nieuwbeerta Homicide Studies 2009
    [Show full text]
  • Trend of Suicide in Kermanshah During 11 Years (2004 to 2014), Iran A.H
    Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2017) 6(2): 17- 24 © UDS Publishers Limited All Right Reserved 2026-6294 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jmbs.v6i2.3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Trend of Suicide in Kermanshah during 11 years (2004 to 2014), Iran A.H. Hashemian 1,2, F. Najafi1, T.A. Jouybary3, and Z. Moradi Nazar 4 1Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), 2Department of Biostatistics, 4Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, 3Clinical Research Development Center. Imam Khomeini Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Suicide is one of the most important health problems which has dedicated a significant part of the energy and health care costs to itself. The present study carried out to investigate trend of suicide in Kermanshah province during 2004-2014. This is an analytical (cross sectional) study in which all cases died by suicide and documented in forensics of Kermanshah during 2004 – 2014 were investigated. For evaluating the trend for suicide, Poisson regression model was used and to calculate suicide rate, census data from 2006 and 2011 as well as Organization for Civil Registration were obtained. During the 11 years of study, 2799 people died in Kermanshah province by suicide; among which 1681 (60.1%) were men and 1118 (39.9%) were women. The average annual mortality rate was 15.77 per 100,000; that is, 12.81 women and 18.62 men per every 100,000 populations. The highest number of deaths caused by suicide was witnessed among the age group 20-24 by 24.91 per 100,000.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among Students in Sub-Saharan Africa
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Public Health Theses School of Public Health Summer 8-11-2011 Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among Students in sub-Saharan Africa Jane B. Palmier Georgia State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses Part of the Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Palmier, Jane B., "Prevalence and Correlates of Suicidal Ideation Among Students in sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2011. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_theses/183 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Public Health at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Health Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG STUDENTS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA By JANE B. PALMIER J.D., UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA B.A., BINGHAMTON UNIVERSITY A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Masters in Public Health Degree Master of Public Health Atlanta, GA 30303 1 PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AMONG STUDENTS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA By JANE B. PALMIER Approved: _Monica H. Swahn, Ph.D._____________________ Committee Chair _Frances McCarty, Ph.D._____________________ Committee Member July 8, 2011_______________________ Date i AUTHOR’S STATEMENT PAGE In presenting this thesis as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree from Georgia State University, I agree that the Library of the University shall make it available for inspection and circulation in accordance with its regulations governing materials of this type.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Characteristics of Self-Immolation in the East of Iran
    ORIGINAL REPORT A Survey of Characteristics of Self-Immolation in the East of Iran Omid Mehrpour1,2, Seyed Alireza Javadinia1,2, Claudia Malic3, Saeed Dastgiri4,5, and Alireza Ahmadi6,7 1 Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran 2 Department of Clinical Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences(BUMS), Birjand, Iran 3 Department of Plastic Surgery, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom 4 Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, National Public Health Management Centre, Tabriz, Iran 5 School of Public Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 6 Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Pain Management, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran 7 Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Received: 1 Aug. 2011; Received in revised form: 7 Jul. 2011; Accepted: 17 Jan. 2012 Abstract- The aim of this study was investigating the characteristic and outcome of self-immolation cases admitted to the Burn Centre of Birjand, Iran over an eight year period. This study is a retrospective review of case notes for patients with self-Immolation and admitted to our referral burn centre in the last 8 years (January 2003–January 2011). A performa was designed to collect the data such as: demographic information, length of hospital stay, extent of the burn injuries as %TBSA (Total Body Surface Area) and final outcome. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Between 2003 and 2011, 188 self-immolation cases admitted. The mean age was 26.97 ±12.6 years.
    [Show full text]
  • Depression and Suicide Risk Among HIV Positive Individuals Attending
    f Ps al o ych rn ia u tr o y J Journal of Psychiatry Onyebueke et al., J Psychiatry 2015, 18:1 ISSN: 2378-5756 DOI: 10.4172/2378-5756.1000182 Research Article Open Access Depression and Suicide Risk among HIV Positive Individuals Attending an Out Patient HIV/Aids Clinic of a Nigerian Tertiary Health Institution Onyebueke GC and Okwaraji Fe* Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria *Corresponding author: Okwaraji Fe, Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University Of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Nigeria,Tel: 08030812626; E-mail: [email protected] Received Date: May 12, 2014, Accepted Date: October 8, 2014, Published Date: October 15, 2014 Copyright: © 2015, Onyebueke et al., This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Some chronic medical conditions have been found to be worsened by the presence of emotional and psychological disorders which often were not given considerations or even recognized when treatment for these medical conditions are been planned. With regards to HIV/AIDS, the World Health Organization (WHO) had observed that there is a close connection between mental health and HIV/AIDS. The most prevalent mental health problems found to be mostly associated with HIV/AIDS is depression and suicide ideations. This study examined the prevalence of depression and suicide risk among HIV positive persons attending the HIV/AIDS clinic of the University of Nigeria Teaching hospital Enugu south east Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology of Suicide in Cuba, 1987–2014
    Original Research Epidemiology of Suicide in Cuba, 1987–2014 Beatriz Corona-Miranda MD MS, Karen Alfonso-Sagué, Mariela Hernández-Sánchez MD MS, Paula Lomba-Acevedo MD MS ABSTRACT RESULTS A total of 51,113 deaths by suicide were reported (annual average 1825), of which 34,671 (67.8%) were among men. The sex INTRODUCTION Suicide is a health problem infl uenced by biological, ratio was 2.1:1 for the entire study period, and 3.9:1 for 2011–2014. genetic, psychological, social and economic factors. It is responsible Over the course of the period studied, age-standardized suicide for 50% of violent deaths in the male population, worldwide, and 71% rates decreased from 23.9 to 10.8 per 100,000 population (54.8% in the female. In the Americas, 65,000 deaths by suicide occur every reduction). The group aged ≥60 years had the highest average age- year. It is the ninth most frequent cause of death in Cuba, and third standardized rate, 44.6 per 100,000 population. The highest suicide among people aged 10–19. burden by age was in the group aged 20–59 years (60.5%). By skin color, the highest burden was in those recorded as white, 68.9%. By OBJECTIVE Characterize the epidemiology of suicide in Cuba from marital status, the highest burden was in persons with a stable partner 1987 to 2014. (46.7%), and by employment status/occupation, in retired (25.9%). The most commonly used method was hanging (59.4%). METHODS A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. The information comprised all records of death by suicide from CONCLUSIONS Over the course of about three decades, suicide January 1, 1987 to December 31, 2014, in the Cuban Ministry of mortality rates have declined by almost half and they are still slightly Public Health’s National Statistics Division database.
    [Show full text]
  • USA Violent Cause Mortality: Analysis of Trends and the Political Controversies of Prevention
    Athens Journal of Social Sciences- Volume 7, Issue 4, October 2020 – Pages 227-246 USA Violent Cause Mortality: Analysis of Trends and the Political Controversies of Prevention † ‡ By Sonia Salari , Carrie LeFevre Sillito & Terry Allen Population adjusted violent cause mortality (VCM) is higher in the United States than any of the other developed nations. This paper examines data available to compare international differences as well as U.S. within group patterns of suicide, homicide, murder-suicide, familicide and mass public fatalities (mass shootings) by sex and age. The majority of weapons used in U.S. VCM events are firearms, but they vary in the capacity to injure and kill victims. Adding to the conditions, the estimated rate of private gun possession has recently increased. Our research compares the U.S. with international data from a number of sources. To better understand violent cause mortality within the U.S., we analyze national level data from the Center for Disease Control Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (CDC WISQARS), 32 years of FBI Supplemental Homicide Reports (SHR), news surveillance Intimate Partner Homicide Suicide (IPHS) and key findings from a mass shootings data archive. We then describe the cultural and political context across various states in the U.S. and the forces working in favor and against violence prevention. Keywords: Homicide, Suicide, Murder-Suicide, Mass Shootings, Prevention, Policy. Introduction Sociologists have long noted that violent death rates in the form of homicide and suicide have a disruptive influence and signal larger societal distress. Much of this violence can be attributed to available weapons utilized, also referred to as ‗lethal means.‘ High levels or increases in violent death mortality indicates a serious threat to public health, and may require legislative or governmental intervention for the sake of individual, family and community health.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Evidence Base for Protect Life – a Shared Vision: The
    Review of the Evidence Base for Protect Life – A Shared Vision : The Northern Ireland Suicide Prevention Strategy Final Report Dr Ella Arensman National Suicide Research Foundation 1 Perrott Avenue College Road Cork Ireland T: 00353 (0)214277499 F: 00353 (0)214277545 E-mail: [email protected] January 2010 This report was commissioned by the Department of Health, Social Services and Public Safety Northern Ireland Review of the Evidence Base for Protect Life – Northern Ireland CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 METHODOLOGY 4 EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM OF SUICIDE AND DELIBERATE SELF HARM IN NORTHERN IRELAND 6 RESULTS SECTION A – POPULATION APPROACH 10 SECTION B – TARGETED APPROACH 27 SECTION C – OVERARCHING ACTIONS 39 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS 52 REFERENCES 61 2 Review of the Evidence Base for Protect Life – Northern Ireland INTRODUCTION In October 2006, ‘Protect Life – A Shared Vision’, the Northern Ireland Suicide Prevention Strategy and Action Plan (2006-2011) was launched (DHSSPS, 2006). In addition to consultation with a wide range of stakeholders, a review of the evidence in relation to the prevention of suicide and self harm was prepared in order to inform the development of the Protect Life Strategy (SHSSB, 2006). The importance of evidence based suicide prevention programmes has been highlighted in reviews of the worldwide literature evaluating the effectiveness of suicide prevention programmes (Mann et al, 2005; Goldney, 2005). The main objective of the present review was to update the 2006 review of the evidence base provided for Protect Life by reviewing the national and international literature and research evidence published and reported between January 2006 and December 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology of Suicide/Suicide Attempt and Its Association with Individual, Family, and Social Factors in Eastern Part of Iran: a Historical Cohort Study
    Iran J Public Health, Vol. 48, No.8, Aug 2019, pp.1469-1477 Original Article Epidemiology of Suicide/Suicide Attempt and Its Association with Individual, Family, and Social Factors in Eastern Part of Iran: A Historical Cohort Study Ali ALAMI 1,2, Mahbobeh NEJATIAN 2, Elaheh LAEL-MONFARED 3, *Alireza JAFARI 2 1. Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 2. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran 3. Student Research Committee, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] (Received 11 Feb 2018; accepted 12 Apr 2018) Abstract Background: Suicide/suicide attempt, as a major public health problem, has been included among anti-social behaviors. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of suicide and some associated individual, family, and so- cial factors. Methods: A historical cohort study was conducted among all cases (748 persons) reports related to sui- cide/suicide attempt that register in hospital reporting system and health care center in Gonabad and Bajestan, Iran, from 2009 to 2014. The required data were extracted through a checklist. Descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and analytic statistics (t-test, Chi-square, and logistic regression) applied to analyzed data. All data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 748 reported suicide attempters, 17 cases (2.3%) had completed suicide. The annual average incidence rate of suicide was 110.03 per 100,000 populations. The mean age of suicide attempt had significantly decreased during the time (P=0.007).
    [Show full text]
  • Prevention of Suicidal Behavior
    Prevention of suicidal behavior - 1 - Prevention of suicidal behavior Washington, D.C. 2016 Also published in Spanish: Prevención de la conducta suicida ISBN: 978-92-75-31919-2 PAHO HQ Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Pan American Health Organization Prevention of suicidal behavior. Washington, DC : PAHO, 2016. 1. Suicide - prevention & control. 2. Behavioral Research. 3. Public Health Policy. 4. Americas. I. Title. ISBN: 978-92-75-11919-8 (NLM Classification: WM 165) © Pan American Health Organization, 2016. All rights reserved. The Pan American Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full. Applications and inquiries should be addressed to the Communications Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. (www.paho.org/permissions). The Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health will be glad to provide the latest information on any changes made to the text, plans for new editions, and reprints and translations already available. Publications of the Pan American Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. All rights are reserved. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Pan American Health Organization concerning the status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the Pan American Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]