DOCSLIB.ORG

9789004273122.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
9789004273122.Pdf Handbook of Freemasonry <UN> Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion Series Editors Carole M. Cusack (University of Sydney) James R. Lewis (University of Tromsø) Editorial Board Olav Hammer (University of Southern Denmark) Charlotte Hardman (University of Durham) Titus Hjelm (University College London) Adam Possamai (University of Western Sydney) Inken Prohl (University of Heidelberg) VOLUME 8 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bhcr <UN> Handbook of Freemasonry Edited by Henrik Bogdan Jan A.M. Snoek LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Handbook of Freemasonry / edited by Henrik Bogdan, Jan A.M. Snoek. pages cm. -- (Brill handbooks on contemporary religion, ISSN 1874-6691 ; volume 8) ISBN 978-90-04-21833-8 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-27312-2 (e-book) 1. Freemasonry--History. I. Bogdan, Henrik. II. Snoek, Joannes Augustinus Maria, 1946- HS403.H264 2014 366’.1--dc23 2014009769 This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, ipa, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1874-6691 isbn 978-90-04-21833-8 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-27312-2 (e-book) Copyright 2014 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Global Oriental and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill nv provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, ma 01923, usa. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. <UN> Contents Acknowledgements ix List of Figures x List of Contributors xiv 1 Introduction 1 Henrik Bogdan and Jan A.M. Snoek Part 1 Historical Perspectives 2 The History of Freemasonry: An Overview 13 Jan A.M. Snoek and Henrik Bogdan 3 The Old Charges 33 Andrew Prescott 4 The Origins of Freemasonry: Scotland 50 David Stevenson 5 The Origins of Freemasonry: England 63 Matthew D.J. Scanlan 6 Freemasonry and Templarism 82 Pierre Mollier 7 Freemasonry and the Enlightenment 100 Margaret Jacob and Matthew Crow 8 Masonic Historiography 117 Charles Porset Part 2 Freemasonry and Religion 9 Freemasonry and the Catholic Church 139 José A. Ferrer Benimeli <UN> vi contents 10 Freemasonry and the Orthodox Churches 155 Jean-François Var 11 Freemasonry and Protestantism 162 Guy Liagre 12 Freemasonry and Judaism 188 Robert Jan van Pelt 13 Freemasonry and Islam 233 Thierry Zarcone 14 Freemasonry and Eastern Religions 258 Jessica Harland-Jacobs and Jan A.M. Snoek 15 Freemasonry and Western Esotericism 277 Henrik Bogdan 16 Freemasonry and New Religious Movements 306 Massimo Introvigne Part 3 Ritual, Organisation, and Diffusion 17 Masonic Rituals of Initiation 321 Jan A.M. Snoek 18 Freemasonry and Performance 328 Kristiane Hasselmann 19 Masonic Rites and Systems 355 Arturo de Hoyos 20 Relationships between Grand Lodges 378 Jan A.M. Snoek 21 Freemasonry and Friendly Societies 387 Daniel Weinbren <UN> contents vii Part 4 Freemasonry, Society and Politics 22 Freemasonry and Women 407 Jan A.M. Snoek 23 Freemasonry and Blacks 422 Cécile Révauger 24 Freemasonry and Colonialism 439 Jessica Harland-Jacobs 25 Freemasonry and Nationalism 461 Jeffrey Tyssens 26 Freemasonry and War 473 François Rognon Part 5 Freemasonry and Culture 27 Freemasonry and Music 497 Malcolm Davies 28 Freemasonry and Literature 523 Robert. A. Gilbert 29 Freemasonry and Modern Art 539 Marijo Ariëns-Volker 30 Freemasonry and Architecture 557 James Stevens Curl 31 The Material Culture of Freemasonry 606 Mark J.R. Dennis Subject Index 625 Index of Proper Names 649 <UN> <UN> Acknowledgements We would like to thank Michael Taylor for having translated into English Chapters 6, 8, 9, and 26, as well as having improved the English of Chapters 10, 11, and 13. We would also like to thank Brill Academic Publishers for inviting us to edit this Handbook. Additional thanks go to Maarten Frieswijk at Brill, and to the Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion series editors, Carole M. Cusack and James R. Lewis. Finally, and most importantly, thanks are due to all the contributors of this volume. Göteborg and Marbella, Vernal Equinox 2014 Henrik Bogdan and Jan Snoek <UN> List of Figures 26.1 The sign of distress at Waterloo 484 26.2 Masonic banners on the ramparts of the Commune 488 26.3 Example of masonic morals 490 26.4 ‘Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt’ (Photograph taken from Hamill and Gilbert 1992: 89, 127) 493 26.5 ‘Audie Murphy’ (Photograph taken from Hamill and Gilbert 1992: 89, 127) 493 27.1 ‘The Enter’d Prentice’s Song’, Page 84 of the 1723 Constitutions 500 27.2 ‘Die Kette’ by Johann Gottlieb Naumann from Vierzig Freimäurerlieder (Berlin 1784). By permission of the Cultural Masonic Centre, Prince Fredrik, The Hague 506 27.3 The opening of the Marcia Funèbre 1881, by W.F.G. Nicolaï. By permission of the Cultural Masonic Centre, Prince Fredrik, The Hague 508 27.4 ‘Der Dreimalige Accord’ 513 27.5 The fifth adagio (bar 16 to the end) from the composer’s manuscript. By permission of the Cultural Masonic Centre, Prince Fredrik, The Hague 516 30.1 Design for the Ark of the Masonic Covenant by Soane, drawn (1813–1814) in pen with coloured washes by George Allen Underwood (1792–1829), who worked in Soane’s office 1807–1815. It features the three basic Orders of Architecture (By Courtesy of the Trustees of Sir John Soane’s Museum, London, SM 14/4/6) 561 30.2 Perspective view of the Council Chamber, Freemasons’ Hall, by night, drawn by J. M Gandy, 1831. Pen and watercolour (By Courtesy of the Trustees of Sir John Soane’s Museum, London, SM P268) 562 30.3 Soane’s tomb in the burial-ground of St Giles-in-the-Fields (now St Pancras Gardens), London (James Stevens Curl) 564 30.4 Illustration from Grand Orient de France, Le Régulateur du Maçon. Paris (Grand Orient de France) 1801, showing a Pantheon-like structure on a base of seven steps, with various Masonic symbols. Note the cord, or border, alluding to the care of providence, which surrounds and keeps Freemasons within its protection: it is an emblem of the fraternal bond by which Freemasons are united (Collection James Stevens Curl) 566 30.5 The destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, engraved by Philip Galle (1537–1612) after a drawing by Maarten van Heemskerck (1498–1574): it should be noted than not only are there twin columns standing in front <UN> list of Figures xi of the Temple (which is of the circular type, contrary to all Biblical evidence), but there are twisted barley-sugar ‘Solomonic’ columns in antis at the entrance to the porch. This is an example of Renaissance syncretism (Collection James Stevens Curl) 568 30.6 Plan of the Karlskirche, Vienna, by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach. Plate 15 from his Entwurff of 1725. Note the elliptical space, the prostyle portico, and the twin columns flanking the portico attached to the very wide front (Collection James Stevens Curl) 569 30.7 Elevation of the Karlskirche, Vienna, by Fischer von Erlach. Plate 12 from his Entwurff of 1725. Note the twin spiral columns flanking the Antique Roman portico (Collection James Stevens Curl) 570 30.8 Panarèthéeon or Temple of Virtue and School of Morals by Ledoux. From James Stevens Curl, The Art and Architecture of Freemasonry. London (Batsford) 1991 174 (Collection James Stevens Curl) 571 30.9 Temple of Memory by Ledoux from Curl, Freemasonry. 1991 175 (Collection James Stevens Curl) 572 30.10 Oïkéma or Temple of Sexual Instruction by Ledoux from Curl, Freemasonry. 1991 173 (Collection James Stevens Curl) 573 30.11 Trials by fire, water, earth, and air (Quatre Élémens) for the reception of initiates in Memphis. Plate from Alexandre-Marie Lenoir, La Franche-Maçonnerie rendue à sa véritable Origine, ou l’Antiquité de la Franche-Maçonnerie prouvée par l’explication des mystères anciens et modernes. Paris (Fournier, etc.) 1814, showing ceremonies as described in the novel Séthos by Terrasson (Collection James Stevens Curl) 574 30.12 Iron Bridge at Wörlitz modelled on the first Iron Bridge in Shropshire: it was just one of many exemplary bridges in the Gartenreich intended to show different solutions to the problems of bridge-building (James Stevens Curl) 575 30.13 Temple of Diana framed by the ‘ruined’ ‘Greek’ Arch at Arkadia (Collection James Stevens Curl) 576 30.14 Tower at Edge Hill, Warwickshire (James Stevens Curl) 578 30.15 ‘Ruined’ Temple of Mercury at Schwetzingen (Bernd Hausner RPS/ LAD) 579 30.16 ‘Mosque’ at Schwetzingen (Andreas Förderer) 579 30.17 Frontispiece to Anderson’s Constitutions (1723) showing Five Roman Orders of Architecture and the Proof of Euclid’s 47th proposition (United Grand Lodge of England) 580 30.18 Summons to attend the duties of the West India & American Lodge of the Most Ancient & Honourable Society of Free & Accepted <UN> xii list of Figures Masons at the Queen’s Arms Tavern in St Paul’s Churchyard, London, 1760. Note the Three Orders of Architecture. On the left are the three theological Virtues (Charity [with putti], Hope [with anchor], and Faith [with book]), and on the right are Fortitude and Wisdom as Minerva, Strength as Hercules, and Beauty as Venus (with putto). The Motto Fidelitas Moribus Unita (referring to fidelity, morals or customs, and unity) is associated with the Phoenix, and therefore with the Art of Memory.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Cómo Citar El Artículo Número Completo Más Información Del
    Revista de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña ISSN: 1659-4223 Universidad de Costa Rica Prescott, Andrew; Sommers, Susan Mitchell En busca del Apple Tree: una revisión de los primeros años de la masonería inglesa Revista de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña, vol. 9, núm. 2, 2017, pp. 22-49 Universidad de Costa Rica DOI: 10.15517/rehmlac.v9i2.31500 Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369556476003 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Redalyc Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto REHMLAC+, ISSN 1659-4223, vol. 9, no. 2, diciembre 2017-abril 2018/19-46 19 En busca del Apple Tree: una revisión de los primeros años de la masonería inglesa Searching for the Apple Tree: Revisiting the Earliest Years of Organized English Freemasonry Andrew Prescott Universidad de Glasgow, Escocia [email protected] Susan Mitchell Sommers Saint Vincent College en Pennsylvania, Estados Unidos [email protected] Recepción: 20 de agosto de 2017/Aceptación: 5 de octubre de 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.15517/rehmlac.v9i2.31500 Palabras clave Masonería; 300 años; Gran Logia; Londres; Taberna Goose and Gridiron. Keywords Freemasonry; 300 years; Grand Lodge; London; Goose and Gridiron Tavern. Resumen La tradición relata que el 24 de junio de 1717 cuatro logias en la taberna londinense Goose and Gridiron organizaron la primera gran logia de la historia.
    [Show full text]
  • Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Colorado and Its Jurisdiction
    MOST WORSHIPFUL PRINCE HALL GRAND LODGE OF COLORADO AND ITS JURISDICTION EDWARD J.A. MOORE GREGORY B. WILSON SR. Most Worshipful Grand Master Right Worshipful Grand Secretary 16044 E Loyola Dr. P.O. Box 202626 Aurora, Colorado 80013 Denver, Colorado 80220 Residence: (720) 529-1445 Residence: (303) 739-0825 Cell: (720) 633-5449 (Primary) Cell : (720) 231-6286 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] August 27, 2019 Current as of February 2, 2020 To: Right Worshipful Deputy Grand Master Stephon Atmore, All Elected and Appointed Grand Lodge Officers, Most Worshipful Past Grand Masters, Worshipful Masters, Past Grand Masters, Members and Concordant Bodies of Masonry Owning Allegiance to the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Colorado and its Jurisdiction Inc., Grand Worthy Matron Juanita Davis, Grand Worthy Patron Hendrix P. Lewis, All Elected and appointed officers and members of Columbine Grand Chapter Order of the Eastern Star PHA. Greetings and welcome to a new Masonic Year! Below you will find the working calendar for the Grand Master for the 2019-2020 Fraternal Year. Please keep in mind that this is a living document so dates times and places are subject to change. Plesae attend as much as you can and we look forward to seeign you all this year! 2019 EVENT LOCATION DRESS Oct 4-5 Colorado Council of Deliberation, A.A.S.R. Colorado Springs, CO Scottish Rite 10-Oct Grand Lodge Staff Meeting 4200 E. Colfax, Denver Casual 11-Oct Grand Lodge Comedy Show Improv Denver Casual 14-Oct COLUMBUS DAY Oct 14-15 MWPHGL OF PENNSYLVANIA King of Prussia, PA Masonic Grand Lodge Trustee Meeting 10:00 AM Grand Lodge 19-Oct TBA Polo/Casual 25th Annual Conclave, Colorado Grand Commandery, 26-Oct Knights Templar Knights Templar 3-Nov CIC Banquet – Mountain & Plains #33 11-Nov VETERANS DAY 14-Nov Grand Lodge Staff Conference Call 6:30 PM Conference Call 28-Nov THANKSGIVING DAY 2-Dec Rocky Mountain Lodge #1 Elections 4200 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Episode 20 Prince Hall
    Prince Hall , The history Prince Hall, our founder, was one of our great Americans, a worthy Grand Master associated with our first Grand Lodge and its expansion. His name is carried by our masonic organizations in the United States, and by thousands of freemasons who regard themselves as descendants from the Grand Lodge of England, from which he received his authority more than two centuries ago. We in America celebrated in 1976 the two hundredth anniversary of our Declaration of Independence. This is also the two hundred and first (201st) anniversary of the founding of Prince Hall Masonry. It is a monument to Prince Hall’s life, career and leadership. It was a significant event in Freemasonry on March 6, 1775, when Prince Hall and fourteen other men were initiated into Freemasonry through Warrant No. 459, which is still in our possession. John Batt, who was of the 38th Foot Regiment of the British Army, having enlisted in 1759 and learning of the American cause, re-enlisted in its army. The enlistees were Prince Hall, Cyrus Johnston, Bueston Slinger, Prince Rees, John Canton, Peter Freeman, Benjamin Tiler, Duff Ruform, Thomas Santerson, Prince Rayden, Cato Speain, Boston Smith, Peter Best, Forten Horward, and Richard Titley. The writer has this record. A permit was issued for these freemasons to meet as African Lodge No. 1, and they became the first Black freemasons in the United States. Prince Hall enlisted and served as a soldier in the 2nd and 6th Regiments of Massachusetts. In this connection, George W. Williams, historian, wrote in 1884, "that he saw hard service we know by the record of the two regiments he served in, always distinguished for steadiness and valor.
    [Show full text]
  • The Legend of Hiram Abiff
    The Legend Of Hiram Abiff by Jerry Marsengill Hiram Abiff, the widow's son, is the principal cheek and hand to back, and cried out: 'Help, O, character in the second section of the Master father,' as if they had said; 'O, Father of Heaven, Mason's degree. He has become the central help us now for our earthly father cannot.'" So figure in most rites and in most countries. Yet they laid down the dead body again and not compared to much of the Masonic ritual and knowing what to do, one, said: 'Here is yet Masonic tradition, Hiram is a newcomer. marrow in the bone;' and the second said: 'But a dry bone,' and the third said; 'It stinketh.' So Regardless of Dr. Mackey, who was quite they agreed to give it a name as is known to proficient in formulating and interpreting Freemasonry to this day." landmarks, the legend of Hiram is not a landmark of the craft. Mackey states that The first record we have of the Hiramic legend landmark 2 is the division of symbolic Masonry being introduced into Masonry occurs in 1730 into three degrees and that landmark 3 is the when Prichard published Masonry Dissected. Legend of the third degree. He refers to Hiram as Grand Master Hiram. Prichard also tells both the story of Noah and Unfortunately we know the date when the third the story of Hiram in this expose. The Hiramic degree was first conferred. It was in 1726 in legend, wherever it came from, and we have no London in the Society for Music and way of knowing was still changing until the year Architecture.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LOST KEYS of FREEMASONRY Or the Secret of Hiram Abiff by MANLY P
    The Lost Keys of Freemasonry – by Manly P. Hall THE LOST KEYS OF FREEMASONRY or The Secret of Hiram Abiff by MANLY P. HALL Table of Contents PUBLISHER'S FOREWORD FOREWORD INTRODUCTION PROLOGUE IN THE FIELDS OF CHAOS TEMPLE BUILDERS CHAPTER I THE ETERNAL QUEST THOUGHTLESSNESS CHAPTER II THE CANDIDATE CHAPTER III THE ENTERED APPRENTICE CHAPTER IV THE FELLOW CRAFT CHAPTER V THE MASTER MASON TRANSMUTATION THE PRESENCE OF THE MASTER CHAPTER VI THE QUALIFICATIONS OF A TRUE MASON MASONS, AWAKE! EPILOGUE THE PRIEST OF RA ADDENDA THE ROBE OF BLUE AND GOLD FRIENDSHIP THE EMERALD TABLET OF HERMES (TABULA SMARAGDINA) FINISH OF THE TABULA SMARAGDINA MOTIVE Page 1 of 40 The Lost Keys of Freemasonry – by Manly P. Hall PUBLISHER'S FOREWORD The steady demand and increasing popularity of this volume, of which eighteen thousand copies have been printed since it first appeared a few years ago, have brought the present revised and rearranged edition into being. The text can be read with profit by both new and old Mason, for within its pages lies an interpretation of Masonic symbolism which supplements the monitorial instruction usually given in the lodges. The leading Masonic scholars of all times have agreed that the symbols of the Fraternity are susceptible of the most profound interpretation and thus reveal to the truly initiated certain secrets concerning the spiritual realities of life. Freemasonry is therefore more than a mere social organization a few centuries old, and can be regarded as a perpetuation of the philosophical mysteries and initiations of the ancients. This is in keeping with the inner tradition of the Craft, a heritage from pre-Revival days.
    [Show full text]
  • Purchase Grant Fund Awards 2010/11
    PURCHASE GRANT FUND AWARDS 2010/11 Aberystwyth University, School of Art Collections • Magdalene Odundo Vessel, 2009 Terracotta; h 49 cm £10,200 • Claire Curneen Mother and Child , 2009 Terracotta with gold lustre; 53 x 18 x 10 cm £500 Acton Scott, Shropshire Museum Service • Pair of chestnut baskets, c.1785-90 £2,291 Caughley porcelain; w 29.5 cm • Radish dish, c.1790-95 Caughley porcelain; w 31 cm £305 • Late Iron Age torc from Telford Gold silver alloy; two fragments l 8.9 cm and 7.4 cm £750 • Hawking vervel from Worfield, 16-17th century Silver; 0.9 cm diameter £250 Ashby de la Zouch Museum • Portrait of a member of the Hastings family, probably Henry Hastings, Baron Loughborough, 1650 Oil on canvas; 73 x 58.3 cm £2,115 Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire County Museum • Pair of Bronze Age torcs from Ellesborough Gold; l 35 and 22 cm £1,000 • Bronze Age penannular lock ring from Edlesborough Gold; 1.9 cm diameter £250 Barnard Castle, The Bowes Museum • Keith Vaughan Design for the tapestry Adam commissioned by the Edinburgh Weavers, 1957 Collage , gouache, crayon and pencil; 108 x 59.6 cm £7,000 • Beaker, c.1730 Meissen porcelain; h 5.9 cm £2,400 • George Hindmarsh Serving plate owned by George Bowes of Gibside, 1742 Silver; 37 cm diameter £1,792 Bath and North East Somerset Heritage Services • Gillian Ayres Sun Up , 1960 Oil on canvas; 122 x 91.5 cm £12,000 Bedford, Cecil Higgins Art Gallery • Manuscript for the book A General Guide to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Spring and Easter 1923 by Edward Bawden, 1923 £10,000 • Dora Carrington Bedford Market , 1911 Watercolour; 43 x 67 cm £5,544 Birmingham Central Library • Archive of the photographer, John Blakemore, 1960-2010 £35,000 • Francis Bedford Suite of three albums of photographs of a ..Tour of the East.
    [Show full text]
  • The Adoption Rite, It's Origins, Opening up for Women, and It's 'Craft'
    “The Adoption Rite, its Origins, Opening up for Women, and its ‘Craft’ Rituals” Jan Snoek REHMLAC ISSN 1659-4223 57 Vol. 4, Nº 2, Diciembre 2012 - Abril 2013 Jan Snoek. Dutch. Ph.D. in Religious Studies from Leiden University. Professor at University of Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]. Date received: May 18, 2012 - Day accepted: June 2, 2012 Palabras clave Masonería, mujer, Rito de Adopción, Gran Oriente de Francia, logias Harodim. Keywords Freemasonry, woman, The Adoption Rite, Grand Orient de France, Harodim lodges. Resumen Este trabajo se consiste en explicar lo siguiente: ¿Cuándo el Rito Adopción empezó? Tuvo sus raíces en la tradición Harodim en el siglo XVIII en Inglaterra. Desde 1726 hubo también logias de esta tradición en París. ¿De dónde viene el Rito Adopción? Fue creado en Francia como una versión modificada del rito, que se utilizaba en las logias Harodim. ¿Por qué y en qué circunstancias se creó? En la década de 1740 las logias Harodim fueron sobrepasadas por logias modernizantes. Al mismo tiempo, las mujeres francesas querían ser iniciadas. Como respuesta a ambas situaciones, las logias Harodim en el continente, comenzaron a iniciar a las mujeres a partir de 1744. ¿Cómo los rituales obtienen su forma? Los dos primeros grados del Rito en uso en las logias Harodim fueron modificados en el Rito de Adopción de tres grados, un rito de calidad excelente, y el segundo de los grados del nuevo Rito fue diseñado como un protofeminismo. Abstract This working paper consists in explain the following: When did the Adoption Rite start? It had its roots in the Harodim tradition in the early 18th century in England.
    [Show full text]
  • The Adoption Rite, Its Origins, Opening up for Women, and Its ‘Craft’ Rituals”
    “The Adoption Rite, its Origins, Opening up for Women, and its ‘Craft’ Rituals” Jan Snoek REHMLAC ISSN 1659-4223 57 Vol. 4, Nº 2, Diciembre 2012 - Abril 2013 Jan Snoek. Dutch. Ph.D. in Religious Studies from Leiden University. Professor at University of Heidelberg, Germany. E-mail: [email protected]. Date received: May 18, 2012 - Day accepted: June 2, 2012 Palabras clave Masonería, mujer, Rito de Adopción, Gran Oriente de Francia, logias Harodim. Keywords Freemasonry, woman, The Adoption Rite, Grand Orient de France, Harodim lodges. Resumen Este trabajo consiste en explicar las siguientes preguntas: ¿Cuándo el Rito Adopción empezó? Tuvo sus raíces en la tradición Harodim en el siglo XVIII en Inglaterra. Desde 1726 hubo también logias de esta tradición en París. ¿De dónde viene el Rito Adopción? Fue creado en Francia como una versión modificada del rito, que se utilizaba en las logias Harodim. ¿Por qué y en qué circunstancias se creó? En la década de 1740 las logias Harodim fueron sobrepasadas por logias modernizantes. Al mismo tiempo, las mujeres francesas querían ser iniciadas. Como respuesta a ambas situaciones, las logias Harodim en el continente, comenzaron a iniciar a las mujeres a partir de 1744. ¿Cómo los rituales obtienen su forma? Los dos primeros grados del Rito en uso en las logias Harodim fueron modificados en el Rito de Adopción de tres grados, un rito de calidad excelente, y el segundo de los grados del nuevo Rito fue diseñado como un protofeminismo. Abstract This essay aims to explain the following questions: When did the Adoption Rite begin? It had its roots in the Harodim tradition in the early 18th century in England.
    [Show full text]
  • The Architecture of Joseph Michael Gandy (1771-1843) and Sir John Soane (1753-1837): an Exploration Into the Masonic and Occult Imagination of the Late Enlightenment
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2003 The Architecture of Joseph Michael Gandy (1771-1843) and Sir John Soane (1753-1837): An Exploration Into the Masonic and Occult Imagination of the Late Enlightenment Terrance Gerard Galvin University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Architecture Commons, European History Commons, Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, and the Theory and Criticism Commons Recommended Citation Galvin, Terrance Gerard, "The Architecture of Joseph Michael Gandy (1771-1843) and Sir John Soane (1753-1837): An Exploration Into the Masonic and Occult Imagination of the Late Enlightenment" (2003). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 996. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/996 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/996 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Architecture of Joseph Michael Gandy (1771-1843) and Sir John Soane (1753-1837): An Exploration Into the Masonic and Occult Imagination of the Late Enlightenment Abstract In examining select works of English architects Joseph Michael Gandy and Sir John Soane, this dissertation is intended to bring to light several important parallels between architectural theory and freemasonry during the late Enlightenment. Both architects developed architectural theories regarding the universal origins of architecture in an attempt to establish order as well as transcend the emerging historicism of the early nineteenth century. There are strong parallels between Soane's use of architectural narrative and his discussion of architectural 'model' in relation to Gandy's understanding of 'trans-historical' architecture. The primary textual sources discussed in this thesis include Soane's Lectures on Architecture, delivered at the Royal Academy from 1809 to 1836, and Gandy's unpublished treatise entitled the Art, Philosophy, and Science of Architecture, circa 1826.
    [Show full text]
  • Bianca De Divitiis, 'Plans, Elevations and Perspective Views of Pitzhanger Manor-House', the Georgian Group Journal, Vol. Xi
    Bianca de Divitiis, ‘Plans, elevations and perspective views of Pitzhanger Manor-House’, The Georgian Group Journal, Vol. XIV, 2004, pp. 55–74 TEXT © THE AUTHORS 2004 PLANS, ELEVATIONS AND PERSPECTIVE VIEWS OF PITZHANGER MANOR-HOUS E BIANCA DE DIVITIIS t the beginning of John Soane published the mock ruins which Soane had built in the garden APlans, Elevations and Perspective Views of between and . Pitzhanger Manor House, and of the Ruins of an Dance’s wing was the only part of the property edifice of Roman Architecture … in a letter to a friend acquired by Soane in which he decided not to . Formed of eight pages of text and twelve demolish or modify, not only because in his judgement illustrations, this was a work on the suburban villa in it deserved to be kept in comparison with the rest of Ealing which he had designed and built for himself the building which lacked ‘symmetry and character’, and his family between and . Thirty years but also because it was a testimonial to the beginning had therefore passed since Soane had designed of his career, as it was the first project on which he Pitzhanger, and over twenty since he had sold the had worked when, as a boy of fifteen, he had first villa in to a General Cameron. His reasons for assisted his master (Fig. ). publishing a work on Pitzhanger and the way in As early as , only two years after the new which he described it are the subject of this article. house had been completed, and possibly encouraged The title of the work would imply that Soane was by the need to carry out some alterations and publishing materials produced in .
    [Show full text]
  • Sapere Aude+ 8 History of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite
    Sapere Aude+ 8 History of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite In continuation of the series of public lectures, we have the honor to host Bro. Pierre Mollier le Cavailler who is a French historian, born in Lyon in 1961. A graduate of “Sciences Po” (Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris), he holds a master's degree in Religious Studies from La Sorbonne, and is the director of the library, archives and museum for the Grand Orient de France. Bro. Pierre is a specialist in the history of Freemasonry, covering both social and political fields, as well as philosophical and spiritual topics. He has researched the links between Freemasonry and the power in France under Napoleon (1800–1815) and during the Third Republic (1870–1940). As an expert in the history of Masonic rites, he has also researched the various aspects of the symbolic imagery (guild marks, heraldry, emblems). Editor-in-chief of the symbolic and Masonic review, Renaissance Traditionnelle, of the on-line Journal Ritual, Secrecy, and Civil Society he co-directs the Chroniques d’Histoire Maçonnique. He also contributes to several other reviews, including Politica Hermetica and La Phalère. Furthermore, he is an expert on and biographer of French painter François-Jean Garneray (1755–1837), one of Jacques-Louis David’s first students. He was named officer in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the French Ministry of Culture. Sapere Aude+ 8 will be held on January 28th at 16:00 GMT+0 sync your time zone and please, feel free to share this invitation with other Brothers and friends as Sapere Aude provides opportunity for everyone to learn about Freemasonry.
    [Show full text]
  • [JRFF 6.1 (2016) 94–130] ISSN (Print) 1757–2460 ISSN (Online) 1757–2479
    [JRFF 6.1 (2016) 94–130] ISSN (print) 1757–2460 http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jrff.34717 ISSN (online) 1757–2479 Crossing Gender and Colour Lines in American Fraternalism: A Study on Joseph W. Kinsley (1843–1905) Jeffrey Tyssens1 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium Email: [email protected] Abstract At first sight, Joseph W. Kinsley could be considered as one of those uncountable ‘grandees’ of American fraternalism whose lives have all fallen into a justified oblivion. Closer scrutiny however reveals a career within different fraternal societies that went far beyond the habitual accumulation of titles and responsibilities in the mainstream orders. Kinsley endeavoured experiments with new types of fraternities wherein the normal exclusion of women and African Americans was to be transcended, first in a frontier town in Montana, later in the federal capital. If all of these orders eventually failed, their short-lived histories nevertheless shed light on those men and women, black and white, who tried to make use of the specific context of the American west to break with segregation and gender exclusiveness. They brought this new formula to other parts of the country. Whatever the limitations of his projects and of the views that he held on race and gender, Kinsley does appear as one of the lonely pioneers who tried to break with deep-rooted fraternal orthodoxies regarding these same categories. Keywords: Fraternalism, women, African Americans, desegregation. Introduction For the past 15 years, scholars of American fraternalism have recognized that the integrative role of fraternal societies, that old ‘topos’ of a specific historical and sociological literature, has been subject to considerable doubt.
    [Show full text]