RECENT RESEARCHES in Vol. : 4, Issue : 3 SOCIALSCIENCESHUMANITIES& Oct.-Nov.-Dec. (2017), Pages : 35 - 44 ISSN 2348 – 3318 International Refereed & Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Research Journal TRIBAL'S PARTICIPATION IN HAZARIBAG DISTRICT : AN EVALUATION PERSPECTIVE Subodh Oraon Ph.D Research Scholar, RG NF, NET University Department of Geography, Ranchi University Ranchi-8 (Jharkhand) Received: 16/10/2017 1st BPR : 20/10 /2017 2nd BPR : 05/11 /2017 Accepted : 11/11/2017 ABSTRACT The present study is an evaluation of work participation of tribal population in Hazaribag district of Jharkhand. Hazaribag district is an old district, from the origin its break many times and became change its physical and cultural fetchers (especially tribal population structure). The pattern of distribution and work force characteristics determine the development perspectives of area. In Hazaribag a small part of population present the economic characteristics of tribal. The economies of Tribals mainly depend on agriculture and allied activity. The work force structure takes the support as back bone for agriculture development. In present decade rate of literacy has increase among tribal, but a big part of population belong to non workers category. In tribal society Women have been equal partners with tribal mane, in tribal economy quite often women do more physical work in their agriculture field with tribal mane. Agriculture economy has been change rapidly with the help of new technology, but the land status among tribal are decreasing and a big part of land holders comes in marginal category. Key Words : Population pattern, participation rate, education level, and Tribal land holding. Introduction Work participation is an important indicator for understand the socio-economic development of various segments of the population of a region. The Census defined 'work' as participation in any economically productive activity with or without compensation, wages or profit and such participation can be physical or mental in nature. Work involved not only actual work but also included effective supervision and direction of work. It even included part-time help or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any other economic activity. Population composition and distribution is closely associated with the demographic structure of workforce. On the other hand, the workforce participation rates vary according to the stages of economic development, across cultures, age groups, and between sexes. Indian economy has been predominantly agricultural which contributes about one third to the total economy and employs more than half of the workforce. Hazaribag is an oldest district of Jharkhand, situated in northern part of north Chotanagpur division. In present Hazaribag district extend between 2305' to 2404' north latitude and 8501' to 8509' east longitude in north Chotanagpur plateau at an elevation of about 2000 feet. Its area is 4303sqkm, about 47.7 per cent area covered by forest. In Hazaribag only 26.75 per cent land are cultivable and approx 12.6 per cent lands are get irrigation facility. According to census 2011 about 1734005 persons live in this district among them 7.02 per cent population belong from scheduled tribe community. Periodicity :Quarterly , Language : English & Hindi --35 http://recentjournals.in & http:// wellpress.in TRIBAL'S PARTICIPATION IN RECENTRESEARCHESINSOCIALSCIENCES&HUMANITIES HAZARIBAG DISTRICT : Issue : 3, Vol. : 4, Oct.-Nov.-Dec. (2017), Pages : 35-44 , ISSN 2348 – 3318 AN EVALUATION PERSPECTIVE Subodh Oraon International Refereed & Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Research Journal Objectives a. To study the status of scheduled tribal from the formed of Hazaribag district. b. To analyze the role of work participation of tribals in rural area of Hazaribag. c. To study the economic status of women as workers. d. A study of present status of land holding among scheduled tribal in Hazaribag district. Methodology The methodology used for work participation rate is-(work participation = Total workers (Main + Marginal)/Total population × 1000) has been adopted for this study. The purpose of this research design is to describe the problems and other units under investigation like socio-economic background and elicit new information about the scheduled tribal through the present study based on secondary source of data. The nature of research is exploratory and collected data from the Census of India, District census hand book 1961 to 2011, Bihar district gazetteer Hazaribag, and Agriculture census of India 2010-11 and other references. The district was formed 181 years ago in 1834 as the centre of new civil administrative unit, that time its area was 7016 square miles/(or18171sqkm). According to the census1961 total population of the district was 2396411 persons where the share of tribal population was 11.30 per cent of the total population of the district. Hazaribag district ranks were fourth in the state (Old Bihar) in the population of scheduled tribes and 98 per cent persons lived in rural area. As the work participation of scheduled tribe about 55.83Per cent rural population belongs to workers, among them 83.5 Per cent populations were engaged in primary sectors.5 After census1961 Hazaribag district was broke many times and changed its physical area and population structure (specially discuss about scheduled tribe population). The changes in rural area of scheduled tribe population and their economic feature after partition of Hazaribag district, present in brief below in table 01. Demographic Pattern & distribution of scheduled tribe According to census 2011 there are 30 tribes in Hazaribag district but 97.37 percent population covered by10 major tribes group .Santhal are the most numerous accounting for one half of total tribal population, Oraon 16.7, Munda 12.8, Karmali 5.9 and Bedia 5.5 per cent contribute of total tribal population. Other tribe such Kharwar, Birhor, Lohra, Asur and Mahli, have a share of between 1-2 per cent and rest 20 tribal contributing below 0.3 per cent of total scheduled tribe population. Table 01 Major Changes of Hazaribag district and schedules tribe economy from the year 1961-2011 Total Male Female Primary Male Female ST l New Area Total Worker Worker Worker sector Worker worker Year Population District (sqkm) population Rural Rural Rural (Rural) Rural Rural % % % % % % % Hazaribag 1961 18171 2396411 11.30 55.83 62.77 48.69 83.5 79.9 88.26 Hazaribag New 11165 1981 2198310 9.0 39.38 55.65 22.66 60.69 70.25 36.56 Giridih (-4854) 6Dec 1972 Hazaribag New Chatra 29May1991 5965 2001 (-3706) 2277475 11.78 40.93 49.81 31.80 41.68 50.76 27.06 New (-1500) Koderma 10April1994 Hazaribag New 4303 2011 1734495 7.02 42.67 57.71 42.29 23.33 28.15 16.75 Ramgarh (-1361) 12Sept 2007 Source:-Census of India DCHB Hazaribag 1961-2011 Periodicity :Quarterly , Language : English & Hindi --36 http://recentjournals.in & http:// wellpress.in TRIBAL'S PARTICIPATION IN RECENTRESEARCHESINSOCIALSCIENCES&HUMANITIES HAZARIBAG DISTRICT : Issue : 3, Vol. : 4, Oct.-Nov.-Dec. (2017), Pages : 35-44 , ISSN 2348 – 3318 AN EVALUATION PERSPECTIVE Subodh Oraon International Refereed & Blind Peer-Reviewed Multidisciplinary Research Journal Hazaribag district is not a tribal majority area but scheduled tribe population distribution found in all over the district. About 7.02 per cent tribal of total population get in this area, where 87.8 per cent populations reside in rural area. The distribution of tribe population is very uneven, eastern and southern part of the district in Barkagaon, Dadi, Churchu and Bishnugarh Tehsils are high concentration area where get 54.26 percent of total scheduled tribe population. Second most tribal concentration about 25 per cent get in Hazaribag sader, Katkamsandi, Tatijharia and Barkatha tehsils area. In other tehsils, tribal population share of less than 5 per cent of total tribal population. Occupational structure/Work force In Hazaribag about 42.7 per cent of rural tribal population play an important role of their economy as worker, among them 36.6 per cent population came in main worker category, where about 14.59 persons engaged in cultivation and 8.74 percent population assist as agricultural labourers. A small part of main working population about 0.56 per cent engaged in household industry and rest 12.7 percent population involve in other works. Among the total working force a big part of scheduled tribe population about 63.4 came into marginal workers category, as marginal workers female contributions get higher than men, about 50.25 per cent female marginal workers assist the man in work field. Among the marginal workers about24.3 per cent persons are involve in agriculture as cultivator, a share of female workers get 52.7 per cent of total. Agricultural labourers share 27.3 per cent part of marginal workers population and female contribution get 56.3 per cent higher than male persons. As house hold industry workers a very few tribal population about 1.2 per cent engaged in this occupation, rest population about10.6 per cent among marginal worker involve in different field as other workers. A big part of scheduled tribes about 55.3 per cent of total population are workless as non workers. Participation Rates The participation rate e(also called the labour participation rate) refers to the number of workers per 1,000 of population. According to the 2011 Census, Workers have been classified by the three broad sectors of economy, viz., and primary (Cultivator & Ag labourers), secondary