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Survival Types of High Mountain Plants Under Extreme Temperatures
ARTICLE IN PRESS Flora 205 (2010) 3–18 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Flora journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/flora Survival types of high mountain plants under extreme temperatures Walter Larcher Ã, Christine Kainmuller,¨ Johanna Wagner Institut fur¨ Botanik, Universitat¨ Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria article info abstract Article history: Extreme temperatures are a main factor limiting plant growth in high mountain habitats. During winter, Received 20 September 2008 the risk of frost damage is highest at windblown and often snow-free sites. During summer, actively Accepted 2 December 2008 growing plants are particularly endangered by episodic cold spells, but also by short-term overheating. The current review gives an overview of extreme temperatures in the European Alps and observations of Keywords: temperature damage on plants in their natural habitats. Furthermore, seasonal time courses of frost and Bioclimate temperatures heat resistance derived from laboratory tests on different plant growth forms are presented. Study Frost resistance species were the cushion plants Silene acaulis, Minuartia sedoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia and Carex firma Heat resistance collected on wind-exposed ridges; the rosette plant Soldanella alpina collected on snow-protected sites, Cross-tolerance and three Sempervivum species collected in xerothermic habitats. Adaptation The temperature resistance of leaves, stems, rhizomes and roots were tested in two annual time Winter drought courses. Frost treatments were conducted in controlled freezers by rapid cooling (10 K hÀ1, for current resistance) as well as by stepwise cooling (1–3 K hÀ1, for hardening capacity). Heat treatments followed a standardised procedure by exposing samples to heat for 30 min in hot water baths. -
Vegetable Gardening Vegetable Gardening
TheThe AmericanAmerican GARDENERGARDENER® The Magazine of the American Horticultural Society January / February 2009 Vegetable Gardening tips for success New Plants and TTrendsrends for 2009 How to Prune Deciduous Shrubs Sweet Rewards of Indoor Citrus Confidence shows. Because a mistake can ruin an entire gardening season, passionate gardeners don’t like to take chances. That’s why there’s Osmocote® Smart-Release® Plant Food. It’s guaranteed not to burn when used as directed, and the granules don’t easily wash away, no matter how much you water. Better still, Osmocote feeds plants continuously and consistently for four full months, so you can garden with confidence. Maybe that’s why passionate gardeners have trusted Osmocote for 40 years. Looking for expert advice and answers to your gardening questions? Visit PlantersPlace.com — a fresh, new online gardening community. © 2007, Scotts-Sierra Horticulture Products Company. World rights reserved. www.osmocote.com contents Volume 88, Number 1 . January / February 2009 FEATURES DEPARTMENTS 5 NOTES FROM RIVER FARM 6 MEMBERS’ FORUM 8 NEWS FROM AHS Renee’s Garden sponsors 2009 Seed Exchange, Stanley Smith Horticultural Trust grant funds future library at River Farm, AHS welcomes new members to Board of Directors, save the date for the 17th annual National Children & Youth Garden Symposium in July. 42 ONE ON ONE WITH… Bonnie Harper-Lore, America’s roadside ecologist. page 14 44 GARDENER’S NOTEBOOK All-America Selections winners for 2009, scientists discover new plant hormone, NEW PLANTS AND TRENDS FOR 2009 BY DOREEN G. HOWARD 14 Massachusetts Horticultural Society forced Get a sneak peek at some of the exciting plants that will hit the to cancel one of market this year, along with expert insight on garden trends. -
Trial Report
TRIAL REPORT 2005-2008 Sempervivum Trials Office The Royal Horticultural Society Garden, Wisley, Woking, Surrey, GU23 6QB Sempervivum Final Report 2005-2008 - Trial 942 1 Trial of Sempervivum AGM 2005-2008 AGM Entries receiving The Award of Garden Merit (H4) Sempervivum arachnoideum AGM (H4) 1993, reconfirmed 2008. Sent by Fernwood Nursery and by Beechcroft Nursery. [Trial Nos.1 & 2]. Votes 8-0. Stunning plant for the garden and trough. Withstood winter well. Well defined rosettes. Reliable species. Widely available from nurseries – see RHS Plant Finder Sempervivum arachnoideum L. subsp. tomentosum AGM (H4) 1993, reconfirmed 2008. Sent by Royal Botanic Garden Kew. Average diameter of a mature but unflowered rosette is 10mm; foliage in July is green 138B, flushed reddish brown 178B on underside of outer leaves, shortly hairy and strongly cobwebbed; flowers are a duller version of Pink 58C. Very attractive. Has lovely purple colouring in spring. Widely available from nurseries – see RHS Plant Finder Sempervivum calcareum 'Extra' AGM (H4) 2008 Sent by Fernwood Nursery. The many-leaved, mature but unflowered rosettes average 20mm in diameter; foliage in July is green 138B tipped very dark red 187A and the leaves are very shortly hairy, glaucescent with ciliate fringed edges; the inflorescence is glandular and tacky; flowers are white NN155C flushed light green toward tip and pink at base; filaments reddish purple 64B, anthers yellow. Outstanding colour and habit. Consistently good throughout the trail. Widely available from nurseries – see RHS Plant Finder 2 Sempervivum calcareum 'Guillaumes' AGM (H4) 2008. Sent by Fernwood Nursery. Entered as S. calcareum from Guillaumes and named by sender. -
Alpine Grassland Vegetation at Gornergrat (Canton of Valais, Switzerland): Vegetation Mapping for Environ
Palaearctic Grasslands 43 (October 2019) 23 DOI: 10.21570/EDGG.PG.43.23-37 Research Article Alpine grassland vegetation at Gornergrat (Canton of Valais, Switzerland): Vegetation mapping for environ- mental planning Jonathan Pachlatko1*, Martin Wyttenbach1, & Jürgen Dengler1,2,3 1 Institute of Natural Resource Sciences (IUNR), Zurich University of Applied 3 German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena- Sciences (ZHAW), Grüentalstr. 14, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; jonathan Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany [email protected] (J. Pachlatko), [email protected] (M. Wyt- *) Corresponding author jonathan [email protected] tenbach), [email protected] (J. Dengler) 2 Plant Ecology, Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; [email protected] Palaearctic Grasslands 43 (2019): 23-37 Abstract: Alpine landscapes are increasingly used by tourism. At the highly frequented Gornergrat in Switzerland there was a need to develop a concept to demerge the paths of hikers and mountain bikers and thus enable a conflict-free use for all user groups. The pre- sent study aimed at providing vegetation maps of the sensible areas at Gornergrat to derive recommendations for the planning and res- toration of the new trail network. For this purpose, we sampled 32 vegetation plots (10 m²). These were then subjected to TWINSPAN classification, and the derived five units characterized by their diagnostic species based on standardized phi-values. We used ANOVA to test for differences of these units with regard to environmental parameters. The five distinguished vegetation units were assigned to syntaxa down to the alliance level. -
Green Factor Plant List 2010
Revised December 2010 Seattle Green Factor Plant List Notes: ● All plants on this list are drought-tolerant once they are established unless comments indicate otherwise. ● Seattle Department of Transportations Right-of Way Improvement Manual establishes height limits for non-street-tree plantings in rights-of-way. Maximum plant height within 30 feet of an intersection (as measured from the corner of the curb) is 24 inches. Elsewhere in the right-of-way, plantings are allowed to be 30 inches tall. ● "Bioretention Zone" describes where plants can appropriately be used in bioretention systems such as swales and rain gardens. Zone 1 is the designation for plants that can be used in the flat bottoms of bioretention facilities: 1A refers to species that prefer soil saturation or shallow inundation for long durations, while Zone 1B refers to plants that can alternate between dry ands short-term saturated conditions. Zone 2 is the designation for plants best used at the well-drained slopes of bioretention facilities. All other species are appropriate for planting at the tops of bioretention areas. GROUNDCOVERS Scientific Name Common Name Evergreen Shade Sun Native up to 24" 2-3' ht Bioretention Zone Notes Arctostaphylos uva-ursi kinnikinnick ●●●● Asarum caudatum wild ginger ●● ● Calluna , in variety heather ●●● Ceratostigma plumbaginoides hardy plumbago ●●● ● Daboecia cantabrica Irish heath ●●● Erica , in variety heath ●●● Erigeron karvinskianus Latin American fleabane ●●● ● Euonymous fortunei 'Colorata' wintercreeper euonymous ●●● ● Festuca -
At Home with Succulents Ken Altman
At Home with Succulents Ken Altman 1 Succulents are Plants that Solve Problems Succulent foliage comes in red, pink, lavender, yellow and blue as well as stripes, blends and speckles. The plants also produce lovely flowers. 2 Succulents are Plants that Solve Problems S ucculents look great with minimal spines that create starburst patterns. care, won’t wilt if you forget to water Collectible cacti include those covered them, and are delightful to collect and with what appears to be white hair. Such use in gardens and containers. The more filaments serve as a frost blanket in winter you know about these intriguing plants, and shade the plants the more you’ll enjoy growing them. in summer. Chances are you’re familiar with jade Nearly all succulents do well in pots, and big agaves (century plants), but did terraces and planter boxes. Some you know that nearly 20,000 varieties of varieties (such as jade), when confined, succulents exist? Many of those currently will naturally bonsai, maintaining the available in nurseries and garden centers same size for years. Even those with the were introduced to the marketplace potential to become quite large stay during the last few decades. smaller longer in containers. Succulent leaves, which typically Most succulents need protection from are thicker than those of other plants, below-freezing temperatures, but frost- range in size from dainty beads to 6-foot tolerant succulents do exist. Among swords. Some succulents, notably cacti, them are yuccas, sempervivums (hens are as round as balls. and chicks), many A few, particularly sedums (stonecrops), euphorbias, A plant is a succulent if and some agaves resemble undersea and cacti. -
Distribution of Plant Species and Dispersal Traits Along Environmental Gradients in Central Mediterranean Summits
diversity Article Distribution of Plant Species and Dispersal Traits along Environmental Gradients in Central Mediterranean Summits Michele Di Musciano 1, Maria Laura Carranza 2,* ID , Ludovico Frate 2, Valter Di Cecco 3, Luciano Di Martino 3, Anna Rita Frattaroli 1 and Angela Stanisci 2 ID 1 Department of Life Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; [email protected] (M.D.M.); [email protected] (A.R.F.) 2 EnvixLab, Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, C. da Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy; [email protected] (L.F.); [email protected] (A.S.) 3 Majella National Park, Via Badia 28, I-67030 Sulmona, Italy; [email protected] (V.D.C.); [email protected] (L.D.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-320-479-3882 Received: 2 June 2018; Accepted: 5 July 2018; Published: 7 July 2018 Abstract: High-mountain ecosystems are spots of plant diversity in which species composition and traits depict a long evolutionary history of species adaptation to steep environmental gradients. We investigated the main trends in plant species composition and reproductive and dispersal traits (pollen vector, diaspore appendages, dispersal of diaspores and fruit type) in central Mediterranean summits in relation to environmental factors (altitude, aspect, debris cover and slope). Based on 114 plots, with floristic and environmental data collected in the year 2016 on alpine calcareous grasslands in the central Apennines, we explored how species composition varies in relation to environmental factors using CCA (canonical correspondence analysis). Then, we analyzed the relationships among species presence, the occurrence of reproductive and dispersal traits and environmental variables. -
Succulent Book 8.Indd
At Home with Succulents Ken Altman Free with Purchase of a Succulent Succulents are Plants that Solve Problems S ucculents look great with minimal care, Photographers, collectors, landscap- won’t wilt if you forget to water them, and ers and container garden enthusiasts are delightful to collect and use in gar- prize dwarf and diminutive succulents dens and containers. The more you know with geometric shapes. Among these are about these intriguing plants, the more sempervivums (hens and chicks), echeve- you’ll enjoy growing them. rias, agaves and aloes. Chances are you’re familiar with jade Most cacti are lea ess succulents with and big agaves (century plants), but did spines that radiate from central points. you know that nearly 20,000 varieties of All cacti are succulents but not all succu- succulents exist? Many of those currently lents are cacti. Some have long, overlap- available in nurseries and garden centers ping spines that create starburst patterns. were introduced to the marketplace dur- Collectible cacti include those covered ing the last few decades. with what appears to be white hair. Such Succulent leaves, which typically are laments serve as a frost blanket in winter thicker than those of other plants, range and shade the plants in summer. in size from dainty beads to 6-foot swords. Nearly all succulents do well in pots, Some succulents, terraces and planter notably cacti, are boxes. Some variet- as round as balls. A A plant is a succulent if ies (such as jade), few, particularly eu- when con ned, phorbias, resemble it stores water in juicy will naturally bon- undersea creatures. -
Common Types of Succulents There Are About 60 Plant Families That Fall Under the Broad Umbrella of the Succulent Category
Common Types of Succulents There are about 60 plant families that fall under the broad umbrella of the succulent category. Four of the most popular families are Sempervivum, Cactaceae (cacti), Sedum and Haworthia. We’ve included examples and images of popular types of succulents from each family. Check out some of the details that set these plant families apart and see which one may be the best fit for your next plant. Cactaceae (cacti) Cacti are one of the most recognizable types of succulents with their protective prickly spines. They can withstand extreme cold and heat and survive with little water due to their acclimation to the desert. • Opuntia microdasys (bunny ears cactus) • Schlumbergera bridgesii (Christmas cactus) • Gymnocalycium mihanovichii (moon cactus) Haworthia Haworthia plants are a small succulent variety that hail from Southern Africa. They are used to a lot of sun and dry periods. Although they are small in size, the Haworthia genus makes up a large part of the succulent family. • Haworthia fasciata (zebra haworthia) • Haworthia cooperi (pussy foot) • Haworthia limifolia (fairy washboard) Sedum Sedum succulents come in a variety of shapes and sizes with the smallest at just a few inches tall and the largest reaching heights of three feet tall. Sedum plants are part of the Crassulaceae family of which the famous Crassulaceae ovata (jade plant) is a part of. They can withstand a lot of sun and little water. • Sedum morganianum (burro’s tail) • Sedum rubrotinctum (jelly bean plant) • Sedum spp. (stonecrop) Sempervivum Sempervivum succulents can be identified by their classic rosette shape. They come in a variety of colors and some that flower. -
County-Approved Plant List (Combined)
County-Approved Plant List (Combined) Plant CA. Water Drought- Growth Ever- Resists Eros. Street Trees Climate Bio BOTANICAL NAME COMMON NAME type Native Needs Tolerant Height Spread Rate green Fire(1) Ag-buffer Cntrl ? Zone Retention OTHER West only Abelia floribunda Mexican Abelia sh N av N 3-6' Y No N 8,9,12-24 N Abelia grandiflora Glossy Abelia sh N av N 8'+ Y N 5 thru 24 N Abies bracteata Santa Lucia/ Bristlecone tr Y lo Y 70' 15-20' slow Y No N U 8, 9, 14-21 heat tolerant; good wildlife plant Y Fir Abies concolor White Fir tr Y av N 30-66' slow Y No N U 1-9,14-24 good wildlife plant N Abies pinsapo Spanish Fir tr N lo N 25-50' very slow Y No N U 5-11, 14-24 good wildlife plant N Abies procera Noble Fir tr Y av N 90-200' slow Y No N U 1-7,15-17 good wildlife plant N Abronia latifolia Yellow Sand Verbena gc Y av N 3' F3 N 4, 5, 17, 24 likes sandy soils Y Abronia maritima Red Sand Verbena gc Y lo N 3" F3 N 4, 5, 17, 24 likes sandy soils Y Abronia umbellata Pink Sand Verbena gc Y av N 3' F3 N 4, 5, 17, 24 likes sandy soils Y Abronia villosa Sand Verbena gc Y lo Y F3 N 4, 5, 17, 24 likes sandy soils Y Acacia baileyana Bailey Acacia tr N lo * 20-30' 20-40' fast Y No N Y 7-9,13-24 * somewhat once established; N needs good drainage; fragrant flowers; good inland ; plant with caution around animals Acacia cultriformis Knife Acacia tr N lo * 10-15' 10-15' mod to fast Y No N U 13-24 * once established; Y needs good drainage; plant with caution around animals Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle tr N lo N To 50' 40-50' fast Y No N U# 8,9,14-24 plant -
Medicinal-Plants Catalog
SucculentShop.co.za Page: 2 ALOE VERA - ALOE BARBADENSIS PLANTS Aloe vera is a succulent plant species of the genus Aloe. An evergreen perennial, it originates from the Arabian Peninsula but grows wild in tropical climates around the world and is cultivated for agricultural and medicinal uses. The species is also used for decorative purposes and grows successfully indoors as a potted plant. It is found in many consumer products including beverages, skin lotion, cosmetics, or ointments for minor burns and sunburns. Aloe Vera Plant is best known to remove toxins from the air like aldehydes and benzene. Unlike most plants, it releases the oxygen at night as well and well suited for bedrooms and indoor environment. Read More SucculentShop.co.za Page: 3 BULBINE YELLOW - BALSEMKOPIVA - BULBINE FRUTESCENS Small plant 10 - 20 cm high SucculentShop.co.za Page: 4 SucculentShop.co.za Page: 5 SucculentShop.co.za Page: 6 Read More CENTURY PLANT - AGAVE AMERICANA Diameter 15 – 25 cm SucculentShop.co.za Page: 7 Agave Americana, sentry plant, century plant or American aloe, is a species of flowering plant native to Mexico, and the United States in New Mexico, Arizona and Texas. It typically lives only 10 to 30 years. It has a spread around 6–10 ft (1.8–3.0 m) with gray-green leaves of 3–5 ft (0.9–1.5 m) long, each with a prickly margin and a heavy spike at the tip that can pierce deeply. Near the end of its life, the plant sends up a tall, branched stalk, laden with yellow blossoms that may reach a total height up to 25–30 ft (8–9 m) tall. -
Latin for Gardeners: Over 3,000 Plant Names Explained and Explored
L ATIN for GARDENERS ACANTHUS bear’s breeches Lorraine Harrison is the author of several books, including Inspiring Sussex Gardeners, The Shaker Book of the Garden, How to Read Gardens, and A Potted History of Vegetables: A Kitchen Cornucopia. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 © 2012 Quid Publishing Conceived, designed and produced by Quid Publishing Level 4, Sheridan House 114 Western Road Hove BN3 1DD England Designed by Lindsey Johns All rights reserved. Published 2012. Printed in China 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 1 2 3 4 5 ISBN-13: 978-0-226-00919-3 (cloth) ISBN-13: 978-0-226-00922-3 (e-book) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harrison, Lorraine. Latin for gardeners : over 3,000 plant names explained and explored / Lorraine Harrison. pages ; cm ISBN 978-0-226-00919-3 (cloth : alkaline paper) — ISBN (invalid) 978-0-226-00922-3 (e-book) 1. Latin language—Etymology—Names—Dictionaries. 2. Latin language—Technical Latin—Dictionaries. 3. Plants—Nomenclature—Dictionaries—Latin. 4. Plants—History. I. Title. PA2387.H37 2012 580.1’4—dc23 2012020837 ∞ This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper). L ATIN for GARDENERS Over 3,000 Plant Names Explained and Explored LORRAINE HARRISON The University of Chicago Press Contents Preface 6 How to Use This Book 8 A Short History of Botanical Latin 9 Jasminum, Botanical Latin for Beginners 10 jasmine (p. 116) An Introduction to the A–Z Listings 13 THE A-Z LISTINGS OF LatIN PlaNT NAMES A from a- to azureus 14 B from babylonicus to byzantinus 37 C from cacaliifolius to cytisoides 45 D from dactyliferus to dyerianum 69 E from e- to eyriesii 79 F from fabaceus to futilis 85 G from gaditanus to gymnocarpus 94 H from haastii to hystrix 102 I from ibericus to ixocarpus 109 J from jacobaeus to juvenilis 115 K from kamtschaticus to kurdicus 117 L from labiatus to lysimachioides 118 Tropaeolum majus, M from macedonicus to myrtifolius 129 nasturtium (p.