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A Rare Case of Plunging Infected Ranula: MRI Diagnosis

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A Rare Case of Plunging Infected Ranula: MRI Diagnosis Central JSM Clinical Case Reports Bringing Excellence in Open Access Case Report *Corresponding author Chiara Schiarelli, Neuroradiologist, Institute of Radiology, Catholic University, “A. Gemelli” Hospital, A Rare Case of Plunging Largo “A. Gemelli”, Rome, Italy Tel:+390630155402; Fax:0635501928; Email: Submitted: 23 November 2015 Infected Ranula: MRI Diagnosis Accepted: 18 January 2016 Schiarelli C*, Sciandra M, TartaglioneTand Colosimo C Published: 20 January 2016 Department of Radiology, Catholic University, Italy Copyright © 2016 Schiarelli et al. ISSN: 2373-9819 Abstract OPEN ACCESS Ranula is a rare benign acquired cystic lesion that occurs at the floor of the mouth. Keywords It is difficult to diagnose when it is plunging. The objective of this report was to describe a case of multicompartmental extensive ranula with atypical clinical and ultrasound • Ranula features. We present a case of left submandibular swelling in a child. Imaging features • US (US and MR), differential diagnosis of huge submandibular lesions and tips of surgical • MR strategies are discussed.MRplays an important role in the diagnosis of plunging ranula in children, addressing surgical approach and technique. ABBREVIATION with or without excision of thesublingual gland or excision of the sublingual gland with “evacuation” of a plunging ranula. The US: Ultrasound Scan; MR: Magnetic Resonance; MRI: Magnetic extraoral approach removes the ranula sac together with the Resonance Imaging; W: weighted submandibular gland[1,2,10]. INTRODUCTION CASE PRESENTATION Ranula is a sublingual gland mucocele; it’s a mucous An 8-year-old male patient presented with a painless extravasation cyst, which occurs as a result of trauma or submandibular swelling, without fever or history of trauma. obstructionof the sublingual or minor salivary gland or the duct itself[1,2]. The term ranula is derived from the Latin word He came to our emergency departmentwithaweek-long history Ranawhich means “belly of a frog”, and classic ranula presents of a slowly enlargingleft neck mass. Physical examination revealed a soft submental mass extending into submandibularregion. mouth, resembling the bulging underbelly of a frog[1,3-5]. There were noabnormalities of submandibular skin. The patient as a translucent swelling bluish appearance in the floor of the complained difficulties with speech, mastication and swallowing. Ranula can be classified in 2 groups, simple (intraoral) and large complex mass measuring 5x4 cm, well-circumscribed, located above the mylohyoid muscle, with a lining formed by the withAn ultrasound heterogeneous scan (US)echogenicity showed, inand the unilocular floor of themorphology mouth, a sublingualplunging (deep/diving/cervical). gland capsule; plungingranula Simple is ranula apseudocyst is a true partially cyst, vascular signals were recognized at color Doppler US; there was cells and it occurs when it becomes large, ruptures out of noevidence(Figure 1). Thereof pathologicallyenlarged was no relationship lymph with nodes.hyoid bone and no thecontained posterior by sublingualthe remaining salivary epithelium gland intoand submandibularinflammatory space below the level of the mylohyoid muscle[6].Ranula is an After 3 days an MRscan of the neck was performed. T2- uncommon pathology in the oral cavity witha prevalence of 0.2 cases per 1000 persons[7]. Presentation is most frequently in after intravenous contrast administration were obtained in the second and third decades of life, with an age range of 3–61 theweighted axial, coronal(w) andT1-w and sagittal fast spin planes, echo with sequences the addition before of andfat- years [8].The most frequent clinical presentation is painless swelling of the sublingual space or submandibular space; when also performed in axial plane. The examinationdemonstrateda it enlarges, may produce deviation of the tongue, interfering saturation in axial plane; diffusion weighted images (DWI) were with speech, mastication, respiration, and swallowing.There are unilocular, hourglass shape, with sharp margins, emanating from different methods of treatment of ranula.For simple ranula the theconspicuous sublingual leftspace, side extending lesion into(measuring the adjacent 7.5x2.8x4.5 submandibular cm), easiest and least invasive treatment is marsupialization with space. The masswashomogeneous, hypointenseon T1-w, markedly hyper intenseon T2-w and did not demonstrate is associated with high recurrence rates, approximately 60% to restricted diffusion. After contrast administration the mass 90%[2,4,9].drainage naturally Traditional into surgicalthe floor management of the mouth. of ranulaThis treatment involves a two-pronged approach, one via the mouth and the other via extended to the submentalregion of both sides.Posteriorly and the neck. Intraoral approach includes the excision of the ranula inferiorlyshowed linear itplunged and thick through enhancing mylohyoid wall(Figure muscle.Posteriorly 2). Anteriorly and it Cite this article: Schiarelli C, Sciandra M, Tand T, Colosimo C (2016) A Rare Case of Plunging Infected Ranula: MRI Diagnosis. JSM Clin Case Rep 4(1): 1094. Schiarelli et al. (2016) Email: Central Bringing Excellence in Open Access Figure 1 US images of large complex mass US images show a huge mass of 5x4 cm, with heterogeneous echogenicity, and convoluted morphology (a,b) Trasversal (a) and oblique (b) ultrasound (US) images Figure 2 MR imaging of plunging ranula fat sat images. MRI(a-c) showsanAxial T2-w extensive fat sat image left side (a), lesioncoronal with (b) andsharp sagittal margins (c) T2win sublingual images; d) and axial submandibular diffusion weighted spaces. image The (DWI);e-f)lesion has axialhomogeneous (e) and sagittal high signal T1-w intensity on T2-w sequences (a-c), without high signal on DWI (d) and with linear and thick enhancing wall (arrowhead). In this case there is the dehiscence of the mylohyoid muscle (arrow). medially extended to parapharingeal space. Adjacent soft tissue planes and structures appeared compressedand displaced; the recurrence has been observed atone-year follow up. mandible appeared normal with no evidence of destruction. The tissue with inflammatory cell response, lining the lumen. No diagnosis of plunging ranula was postulated, after differential DISCUSSION diagnosis from other swellings of the anterior-lateral neck region. Ranula is a benign mucous containing cyst of the sublingual Excision of the mass was carried out under general anesthesia via salivary gland that is caused by either rupture or blockageof salivary duct, often occurring in children.Recognizing a ranula left sublingual gland was excised with ranula marsupialization. is not always easy. When it is an isolated,small and oral lesion an intraoral technique, approaching the floor of the mouth. The the diagnosis is generally easy on clinical examination. Clinical diagnosis of mucous extravasation cyst, revealing a connective Histopathological examination of the excised mass confirmed the diagnosis could be difficultwhen ranulapresentsas large cervical JSM Clin Case Rep 4(1): 1094 (2016) 2/3 Schiarelli et al. (2016) Email: Central Bringing Excellence in Open Access mass becauseit can mimic other soft tissue masses of the neck Our case is a rare extensive plunging ranula with multicompartmental involvement; the clinical diagnosis entities cannot be distinguished by clinical evaluation alone, (dermoid, branchial cysts, lipomas, lymphangioma). These cervical swelling.Different diagnostic modalities are available. mouth.was difficult Furthermore because lesion the initialheterogeneous clinical presentationechogenicity wasand USso diagnosisis a noninvasive, requires cheap,imaging reliable and fluid examination aspiration commonly from the multicompartmentalsubmandibular swelling extensiondid and only notlater allow involved the correct the floor diagnosis of the used to investigate a neck mass in young people as it enables for plunging ranula, nevertheless this technique allowed a correct anatomic location.It could be useful to identify a possible diagnosisby ultrasound.Thick due to signal enhancing intensity wall oncharacteristics, MRIis an atypical the findingability relationshipdifferentiation with between hyoid bone[5,11].Ranulacystic and solid masses usually and appears identifies like anatomic relationship with adjacent soft tissue, and especially to or inconclusive additional diagnostic imaging is required. identifyto assess a connectionramifications to thein deepersublingual neck space. spaces, to evaluate the hypoechoic well defined mass. If ultrasound findings are unusual In children MR may be regarded as a gold standard as it gives high-resolution multiplanar images, determines precise a true “gold standard” tool for complex neck masses in children. location and involvement of the other surrounding soft tissue, MR offered a definitive imaging diagnosis, thus representing shows the lesion’s content. It enables the differential diagnosis REFERENCES with the other cystic lesion of this region and gives important 1. Zhao YF, Jia Y, Chen XM, Zhang WF. Clinical review of 580 ranulas. Oral supplemental information for accurate preoperative planning[5]. Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004; 98: 281-287. On MR imaging, plunging ranula is unilocular mass and show 2. a typically comet-shaped with its tail in collapsed sublingual retrospective study of ranula in two centres in Malaysia. J Maxillofac space and its head in posterior submandibular space. The OralGhani Surg. NA, 2009;Ahmad 8: 316-319.R,
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