An Experimental Analysis of Water Quality in Thirumanimutharu River Stretch and Treatment of Wastewater Using Phytoremediation Process
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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 07 | July 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 An Experimental Analysis of Water Quality in Thirumanimutharu River Stretch and Treatment of Wastewater using Phytoremediation Process S. Monika1, K. Soundhirarajan2, D. Roopa3, P. Siva Kumar4 1P.G student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Gnanamani College of Engineering, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India 2Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Gnanamani College of Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India 3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Gnanamani College of Engineering, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India 4Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Master of Simulation Technology,Thuraiyur, Tamilnadu, India, ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - This project is to experimentally analyze and the ground water. The ground water is subject to similar losses polluted water in the Thirumanimutharu River and its effects through plant transpiration and evaporation or through on ground water quality. Since it was highly polluted due to upward flow by capillary action into the unsaturated soil or effluents from the industries around the river bed. The samples through base-flow to the river channel. The river also receives contributions from surface runoff, through-flow collected from the Thirumanimutharu River and the ground and inter-flow. The quality of the river water is much waters is analyzed. The values analyzed is evaluated in detail different from that of the precipitation water. The major and compared with TNPCB standards and WHO standards of mechanisms influencing water quality evolves through a water quality to know the quality of the water and major complex series of interactions with soil, rock and biota of pollutants found. The major source of pollutants are from the the catchment ecosystem. These interactions are always in industries, municipal and domestic waste water from the delicate balance and a slight modification to the catchment nearby areas. As The suitable treatment process to avoid the such as alterations in the land use pattern is likely to pollution in thirumanimutharu river, phytoremediation generate significant changes in water quality. process using microalgae have been chosen to treat the waste water to improve the water quality of thirumanimutharu river Water from surface runoff incorporates the soluble and the ground waters and the possibilities of usage of river materials and entrains sediment particles, making the water water for drinking, irrigational and other purpose can be turbid. The suspended sediments and likely to absorb ions and other matter. Water infiltrating into the soil will have its improved. quality modified appreciably due to soil water interactions, Key Words: water quality, phytoremediation process, during dry days, evaporative losses will maximum and the microalgae, Waste water treatment, Thirumanimutharu …. constituents of the sub surface water will be enriched. The exchange reactions and the chemical equilibrium, involving soil and water, have been known to play an important role 1. INTRODUCTION in determining the water quality. 1.1 Water Quality 1.2 River water Water is an invaluable resource and benefits to mankind from proper management of this resource as well Surface runoff and ground water flows together as the disastrous consequences of its mismanagement are constitute the river water. The contributions to river water very well known. Study of the water quality has remained includes- an important pre occupation with the environmentalist both a. Precipitation from the practical and the academic viewpoints. The b. Materials added on land erosion concept of quality, however, raises a number of questions c. Solution of chemicals during travel over and which are often controversial because of wide differences in through the soil technological and individual perceptions. The economic and d. Removal of chemicals by plants or by reaction the aesthetic considerations describing water quality also with soil constituents come to blows, technologically, water quality can be e. Addition through human activities, from both catalogued in terms of appropriate physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. Water entering the catchment is point and non-point sources intercepted by the vegetation and subsequently evaporated, or reaches the ground as through fall and stem flow. When Surface runoff and ground water outflow widely differs there is no vegetation, the precipitation comes to the in the physical and chemical characteristics and therefore, ground directly, although there may be some interception their relative proportion determine effectively the river by surface litter. From the ground water infiltrates into the water quality. Normally, after heavy precipitation, the flow soil or is retained as surface storage which may move may be predominantly surface runoff, but at other times, downward as surface runoff or is slowly evaporated. Soil groundwater will be the Main component. In general moisture may be lost through evaporation and plant surface runoff and interflow, and base-flow or ground water transpiration. Or percolates downward to form the mass of © 2020, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 497 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 07 Issue: 07 | July 2020 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 flow form a continuum rather than remaining as discrete To find the suitable remedies to reduce the sources. Dilution of solute concentrations in stream- flow contamination of both the river and ground water. during floods or heavy precipitation is much less than is expected residence time of subsurface water is important in 2. LITRATURE REVIEW determining quality characteristic of river water. N. S. Elangovan et.al, 2011 Groundwater quality in Chennai 1.3 Ground water pollution city along the Coovumm River, during the pre-monsoon (June–July) and post monsoon (Dec–Jan) for three years, Groundwater is a long-term reservoir of the natural from 2009 to 2011, was analyzed. Groundwater samples water cycle, which originates from rainfall or snow and is were collected from 20 bore wells on either side of the river. dynamic in nature. It is a globally important and valuable The analysis focused on the determination of seven specific renewable resource for human life and economic water quality parameters, namely, pH, EC, TDS, BOD, COD, development. It constitutes a major portion of earth’s water Na and Pb, using standard procedures. The statistical circulatory system known as hydrological cycle and occurs analysis, like the mean and standard deviation, coefficient of in permeable geologic formation known as aquifers i.e. variance, and correlation, and multilinear regression formation shaving structure that can store and transmit analysis of the obtained data were carried out. The analysis water at rates fast enough to supply reasonable amounts to of the collected samples reveals that the stated water wells. These are affected by factors such as, the expansion of quality parameters have not complied with the WHO irrigation activities, industrialization and urbanization. standards, and the water is not fit for drinking and domestic Hence, monitoring and conserving this important resource purposes. The correlation and multilinear regression is essential. The quality of water is defined in terms of its analyses suggest that the conductivity has a significant physical, chemical and biological parameters. Ascertaining correlation with the other six considered water quality the quality of ground water is crucial before its use. Ground parameters. water assessment has been based on laboratory investigation. Ground water pollution may be defined as the Nandha Balan et.al, 2012, To assess the groundwater artificially induced degradation of natural ground water quality using water quality index in Chennai city. Materials quality. Pollution can impair the use of water and can create and Methods: Chennai city was divided into three zones based hazards to public health through toxicity or the spread of on the legislative constituency and from these three zones disease. Most pollution originates from the disposal of waste three locations were randomly selected and nine water which is being used for variety of purposes. In contrast groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for with surface water pollution is difficult to detect and is even physiochemical properties. Results: With the exception of few more difficult to control, and may persist for decades. With parameters, most of the water quality assessment parameters the growing recognition of the importance of underground showed parameters within the accepted standard values of water resources, efforts are needed to increase to prevent, Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Except for pH in a single reduce and eliminate ground water pollution. location of zone 1, none of the parameters exceeded the permissible values for water quality assessment as 1.4 Source of Pollution in the River Stretch prescribed by the BIS.as mixing water in concrete. EPA has presented suggested guidelines for water reuse. Three Industries such as Sago units, Textile Dyeing and configuration alternatives for water reuse systems are bleaching units are located along the banks of the River presented. One of