ASIAN ELEPHANT (Elephas Maximus)
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ASIAN ELEPHANT (Elephas maximus) NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK 17 JULY 2007 – 31 August 2010 MIKE KEELE – STUDBOOK KEEPER KAREN LEWIS – CONSERVATION PROGRAM ASSISTANT KATELYN DEVER – RESEARCH ASSISTANT ________________________________________NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK - ASIAN ELEPHANT ii Cover Photograph: Left to Right: Samudra (# 649) ,Sung Surin (SB#70) Photo Credit: Michael Durham – Oregon Zoo ________________________________________NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK - ASIAN ELEPHANT iii MESSAGE FROM THE STUDBOOK KEEPER As a complete studbook, information is included on Asian elephants that we were able to document as existing at one point in time in North America. This edition includes information on 725 elephants, 78 more than the last edition which was published in 2007. 13 of these animals were captive born. The remaining 65 additional elephants were added because we received historical animal records that validated their existence. Of the 725 elephants in the Studbook, 269 (53.216) are living and 145 (31.114) are currently housed in AZA facilities. The “Lost To Follow Up” section lists 9 male and 60 female elephants whose current location is unknown to us. The “Undocumented” section lists 31 male and 203 female elephants that we believe are individuals who existed in North America at one time, however, we lack any official supporting documentation to give them official studbook numbers. There is a chance that some of these elephants already have studbook numbers under different house names, it is also likely that some of the undocumented elephants are duplicates of one another. It is important that we have appropriate supporting documentation to avoid assigning more than one studbook number to the same elephant. In our continuing efforts to validate all of the undocumented elephants, we would like to solicit your help by requesting that you review both of these sections and provide us with any information that might help us locate the elephants that have been lost to follow up, validate the undocumented elephants, or lead us to someone who might be able to provide this information. A majority of the work associated with publishing this Studbook was performed by Karen Lewis and Katelyn Dever. Karen serves the Oregon Zoo as our Conservation Research Associate and Katelyn is one of our Research Assistants. They surveyed facilities and compiled the information used in this publication. They have done most of the data validation in addition to making contacts with many of you who have contributed animal information to the Studbook. Our future efforts will be to continue to validate historical information and we will be contacting many of you to assist us with that effort. We have also recorded individual reproductive information into each animal’s studbook file as well as passed the information on to Janine Brown, Reproductive Advisor to the Elephant TAG/SSP. Dr. Brown has done considerable work with female reproductive cyclicity and anomalies. She extends her gratitude to all of you who provide the requested information. We plan to continue to compile this information in an ongoing effort to establish the complete reproductive life-cycle of elephants. Special thanks for all of you who have been responsive to our requests for information and for responding to our surveys. We could not have accomplished this publication without your efforts. ________________________________________NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK - ASIAN ELEPHANT iv Additional information or corrections are enthusiastically welcomed and should be forwarded to either myself or Karen. Mike Keele Karen Lewis Oregon Zoo Oregon Zoo 4001 S.W. Canyon Road 4001 S.W. Canyon Road Portland, Oregon 97221 Portland, Oregon 97221 email: [email protected] email: [email protected] Ph. 503.220.2445 Ph. 503.220.5763 FAX 503.226.0074 FAX 503.226.0074 Copyright 2010 by Oregon Zoo. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in hard copy, machine-readable or other forms without advance written permission from the Oregon Zoo. Members of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) may copy this information for their own use as needed. The information contained in this studbook has been obtained from numerous sources believed to be reliable. AZA and the Oregon Zoo make a diligent effort to provide a complete and accurate representation of the data in its reports, publications, and services. However, AZA and the Oregon Zoo do not guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information. AZA and the Oregon Zoo make no warranties or representations of any kind, express or implied, including but not limited to warranties of merchantability of fitness for particular purpose. AZA and the Oregon Zoo disclaim all liability for errors or omissions that may exist and shall not be liable for any incidental, consequential, or other damages (whether resulting from negligence or otherwise) including, without limitation, exemplary damages or lost profits arising out of or in connection with the use of this publication. Because the technical information provided in the studbook can easily be misread or misinterpreted unless properly analyzed, AZA and Oregon Zoo strongly recommend that users of this information consult with the Studbook Keeper in all matters related to data analysis and interpretation. ________________________________________NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK - ASIAN ELEPHANT v TABLE OF CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM THE STUDBOOK KEEPER .................................................................................... iii GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ASIAN ELEPHANT STUDBOOK.................................. 1 INSTITUTIONAL LISTING ...................................................................................................................... 5 A complete listing of institutional names and addresses listed by ISIS mnemonic. STUDBOOK REPORT .............................................................................................................................. 35 Information on all animals in order of studbook number. CHANGES .................................................................................................................................................111 Births, deaths and transfers during the reporting period of 17July2007 to 31August2010. CAPTIVE BIRTHS ...................................................................................................................................123 Known captive births in North America. AGE PYRAMIDS ......................................................................................................................................137 All living animals, living SSP animals, and living non-SSP animals in the studbook. LIVING SSP POPULATION ...................................................................................................................145 Listing of living SSP elephants held by each institution in alphabetical order by State. LIVING NON-SSP POPULATION .........................................................................................................167 List of living non-SSP elephants held by each institution in alphabetical order by State. NAME INDEX: BY HOUSE NAME .......................................................................................................183 Alphabetical listing of all known house names for documented elephants. Index is cross-referenced with studbook number and current location. LOST-TO-FOLLOW UP STUDBOOK REPORT .................................................................................195 Information on documented animal whose current location is unknown, in order of last known location TEMPORARY NUMBER STUDBOOK REPORT ...............................................................................199 Information on elephants that have never been documented in the studbook files, in order of possible date of birth. ________________________________________NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK - ASIAN ELEPHANT vi NAME INDEX: UNDOCUMENTED ELEPHANTS BY HOUSE NAME ..........................................225 Alphabetical listing of all known house names for temporary number animals. Index is cross-references with studbook number and possible last location. NAME INDEX: UNDOCUMENTED ELEPHANTS BY LOCATION ................................................231 Listing of all temporary number elephants alphabetical by possible last location. Index is cross-references with all house names and the temporary studbook number. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE ASIAN ELEPHANT STUDBOOK • Geographic Scope of Studbook • Time Scale • Description of Data Fields ________________________________________NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK - ASIAN ELEPHANT 2 ________________________________________NORTH AMERICAN REGIONAL STUDBOOK - ASIAN ELEPHANT 3 General Information about the Asian Elephant Studbook Update A. Geographic Scope of Studbook Update - This report contains information on 725 Asian elephants belonging to, or once belonging to: 1. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) participating institutions - These are institutions that have met the accreditation standards of AZA and, through AZA’s Full Member Participation Process, participate in the Elephant TAG/SSP. 2. Non-AZA Member Participating Institutions - These are institutions that are not, or have chosen not to be, accredited by the AZA. However, through an application process, they have been approved to participate in the Elephant TAG/SSP. 3. Non-AZA institutions and Private