CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 Android
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CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL FOUNDATION 2.1 Android Technology 2.1.1 History In October 2003, a team of four technology expert in Palo Alto, California joined as a group to establish Android Inc. Andy Rubin (Co-founder of Danger, Inc.), Rich Miner (Co-founder of Wildfire Communication, Inc.), Nick Sears (Ex-VP at T-Mobile) and Chris White (head design and interface development at WebTV) [6] [7] worked to create an operating system for mobile devices that are aware of both user’s location and their personal preferences. At first, Android was meant to be implemented on digital camera devices, however the company recognized that cellular phones have higher demand of sale [7]. In August 2005, As Android gain popularity on mobile phones user, Google decide to acquired Android for an undisclosed price which is estimated to be about $50 million, since then the Google Mobile Division was born [7] [8]. On 5th November 2007, Google announced the Open Handset Alliance (OHA), an association of technology manufacturers that would work together to create open mobile device standards [7]. At the outset, 34 companies were involved on the association that includes wireless telecommunications providers(T-Mobile), mobile handset makers (Motorola, HTC, LG, and Samsung) and chipset makers (Texas Instruments, Qualcomm) [7]. This announcement than indicates that Android would be much different from the iPhone system in that it would not be limited to single mobile device manufactures [7]. Finally, in September 2008, T-Mobile announced the T-Mobile G1 as the first smartphone that uses Android Operating System. A month later, Google released the Android 1.0 8 source code which made it available to anyone [8]. Since then, Google keeps on updating the Android that represents a significant evolutionary steps and now point of reference for the smartphone market [8]. 2.1.2 Android Version Each Version was in alphabetical order and named after a candy or dessert. I. Android 1.5 – Cupcake: April 27, 2009 II. Android 1.6 – Donut: September 15, 2009 III. Android 2.0 – Éclair: October 26, 2009 IV. Android 2.2 – Froyo: May 20, 2010 V. Android 2.3 – Gingerbread: December 6, 2010 VI. Android 3.0 – Honeycomb: February 22, 2011 VII. Android 4.0 – Ice Cream Sandwich: October 18, 2011 VIII. Android 4.1 – Jelly Bean: July 9, 2012 IX. Android 4.4 – KitKat: October 31, 2013 X. Android 5.0 – Lollipop: November 12, 2014 9 2.1.3 Android Features Since the Android source code has been release by Google in 2008, every phone manufacturer decides to create their own features that made their smartphone different from the others. Despite the fact that there are several features that made every Android phones signature. These include Tasker, Custom Home Launchers, Widgets, and etc. [9]. Tasker / Automation Figure 2.1 Tasker / Automation [8] The most powerful, useful Android apps is Tasker, an automation program that allow user to turn settings on and off for certain applications, by location, time of day, and other condition that the user can think of. Tasker can access the deepest settings on Android phone, which cannot be done on other operating systems [9]. 10 Custom Home Launchers Figure 2.2 Custom Home Launchers [9] Android allow user to customize their home launchers with any applications they wish to be displayed [9]. Widgets Figure 2.3 Widgets [9] Even though it takes up a bit of space, there are some widgets that changes how applications show their active task that take an “in your face” approach to productivity, as they don’t require user to actually look the applications [9]. 11 2.1.4 Navigation Drawer Navigation Drawer is a panel that displays the app’s main navigation options on the left edge of the screen. It is hidden most of the time, but will be reveled when the user clicks on “=” button or swipes a finger from left edge of the screen. Figure 2.4 Navigation Drawer 12 2.2 Curriculum Vitae 2.2.1 History The first professional CV was created by Leonardo da Vinci in 1482. He outlined his skills and experience including rock flinging, creating lightweight bridges and etc. [10]. On 1500s, CV has gain popular to other nation and it develops from travelling workers to a local guildsman or even a King to introduce themselves [10]. As it evolves, CV has been formalized and expected during job applications. It includes personal information such as religion, marital status, and even weight [10]. On the late 1970s, Technology companies start to produce the first CV content to a piece of paper written by computers [10]. By 1984, the first guide on developing CV is published, and creatively named as “How to Write Your CV” and as the time goes by [10], nowadays there are CV builders out there that helps applicants to create their CV with a given format. 2.2.2 Definition Curriculum Vitae is an overview of oneself accomplishments in life, list of qualifications, work experience, achievements and progress during working career. Personal hobbies and interest are also listed on a very small part of a CV [11]. The standard page length of a CV is about one to two pages that starts with name, address, phone numbers, and mobile phones. The next page should contain the most recent work experience with a date mentioned followed with previous job or work experiences in date order. The rest of the information may or not includes education and qualifications, personal interest, skill learnt, honors or awards, and etc. [12]. 13 2.2.3 Structures Name and contact details Contain the applicants name, e-mail, address and telephone contacts numbers [12]. Profile Contain a brief explanation of applicant’s characteristics. Work Experience List any work that has been done from present to the first job. These may also be separated into parts such as volunteer, laboratory, internships, and others [11] [12]. Project List any projects that has been done previously. Education and Qualifications List of qualifications with schools and colleges that has been attained by the applicants. May be done in date order [12]. Field of Interest List of academic or non-academic interest and areas of intellectual [11]. Skill Learnt List of skills that have been learnt from previous job, colleges, schools, and experience from an event. Achievements List of all grants, honors and awards received through academic studies and research. Organization honor may also mention in this section [11]. 14 2.2.4 Formats In order to create a good CV, besides the information there should be a good format to produce an effective and interesting CVs. The format itself must not contain the words “Curriculum Vitae” at the top as we know that it is obvious that the documents is a CV [13]. For certain information such as address and nationality, there should be no title such as “Address” before the actual information [13]. Use bullet points and clean formatting to help draw the readers eye to key information [14]. The information must be listed in recent position first to showcase the current skills and knowledge that the applicants had [14]. Never use shorthand or text language in a CV which indicates unprofessional behavior of presenting data [14]. The font size itself must not be too small or too big, a size of 11 or 12 is a good example to draw a clear information to the readers. Most CVs begin with personal details then the personal statement such as personality profile followed by work experiences based on the relevant position that the CV are targeted for. 15 2.2.5 Existing CV Format. Figure 2.5 Student or Graduate CV Format [5] This format is intended to be create by a student or a freshly graduated student to seek for a job. It contains the applicants name, address, phone and mobile numbers, and email as the title [5]. The opening of the cv should be a structure named as profile that briefly describe the applicant’s skills, academic and work experiences to show to the readers of what capabilities that the applicant’s has [5]. A fresh graduate student tends to have no work experiences, that is why Education and Qualifications structures should be mention after the profile to shows the previous academic details about the applicant’s. This structure includes the name of university or school, the degree that applicant had achieve, and score or mark of the academic details [5]. The next structure must be the work experience section which explain about the recent work experience that applicant’s had. The rest of the document may contain field of interest, skills, achievements and others. 16 2.3 Job Portal / Job Seeker Application Job Portal is a website that serve user to find any job that companies are offering. It provides the candidates to register their applications or CV and search for a jobs. On the other hand, Companies who are willing to publish their available job position may register their job to the portal [15]. As time goes by, People have been moving on from PC to smartphones that effect on the usage of job portal. There is a survey on America that 68% of the adults are now own a smartphone, and 41% of them used their mobile phones in some aspect of a job search. That work out to 28% of all Americans that uses their smartphones as part of a job search in some way or another [16]. 53% of 18 – 29 years olds young adults uses their phones to look out for a job search. This behavior is not limited to just the youngest job seekers, as 37% of 30 – 49 years olds have done so as well.