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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87661-2 - Sports Economics Roger D. Blair Index More information Subject Index Abbot Nutrition, 274 Antiscalping laws, 112–113 Adu, Freddy, 478–479 Antitrust policy.SeealsoMonopoly models Advertising, promotion American Football League v. National demand function, 118 Football League, 187–189 economic, demographic information in, American Needle v. National Football 121–123, 123t League, 183 endorsements, 129n, 129–130, 454–455, broadcasting restraints, 184–185 456t broadcast rights, 139, 139n expenditures, 120–121, 121t challenges by coaches, 372–376 league-wide (public goods theory), challenges by league members, 184–187 131–135, 132f challenges by outsiders, 187–193 naming rights, 24, 124–126, 127, 127n, challenges by student-athletes, 376–378 128n, 295 Clayton Act of 1914, 435–436 of NCAA student-athletes, 377–378 economic rationale for, 175–178, 176f, in NFL, 125t, 131–135, 132f 177n optimal, 118–120, 119f enforcement, 179–182 overview, 7, 117, 135 entry restrictions, 189, 193 profit function, 118 equipment restrictions, 191–193, 194 sponsorships, 124t, 128–129 exemptions, 184 sports agents role in, 459 exemptions for players’ unions, 435–436 sports publications, 124t, 124 Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), 69, strategic behavior in, 121t, 130–131 69n, 70 African Americans.SeeDiscrimination league rules in, 182–184 Age limits, 478t, 477–480 legal rules, agreements in, 183 Ainge, Danny, 347 market definition, 180 Almagro, Nicolas, 498t monopoly power, 176f, 181–182 American Football League v. National Norris-La Guardia Act of 1932, 436 Football League, 187–189 overview, 9, 175 American League history, 60t, 59–60.Seealso public ownership ban, 185–186, 186n National Football League (NFL) relevant geographic market, 181 American Needle v. National Football League, relevant product market, 180–181 183 relocation restrictions, 186–187 Ameriquest Mortgage Company, 126 rent-seeking, 177n Amphetamines, 266, 269n, 271–272 restrictions on schedules by organizations, Anabolic androgenic steroids, 265–266, 190–191 267n, 271–272 rule of reason, 179–180, 182–183, 374–375 Anaheim Angels, 22t Sherman Antitrust Act (See Sherman Anaheim Ducks, 31t Antitrust Act) Andrews, Erin, 129n Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961, 139–141, Anheuser-Busch advertising revenues, 130 140t, 142t, 188 Anthony, Carmelo, 249, 250, 405 ticket bundling in, 102 509 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87661-2 - Sports Economics Roger D. Blair Index More information 510 Subject Index Antitrust policy (cont.) Basketball shoes, 194 United States Football League v. NFL, Bat-gate, 228 189–190, 190n Beamer, Frank, 390t walk-on players litigation, 376–377, 377n Beer advertising revenues, 121t, 130 Arena Football League (AFL), 208, 269n Beimel, Joe, 427t, 426–427 Arenas, Gilbert, 249t, 339t Belichick, Bill, 232 Arizona Cardinals, 27t, 28t, 327t Bell, Mark, 253 Arizona Diamondbacks Belle, Albert, 169 broadcast revenues, payrolls 2001, 23t Beltran, Carlos, 80, 339t capital appreciation of, 34t Benson, Kris, 168 franchise value 2010, 30t Berdych, Tomas, 498t history of, 61t, 60–61 Berri, D. J., 93–95 stadium financing in, 325t Beta-2 agonists, 266, 273 Arrington, LaVar, 411, 411n Bettman, Gary, 53t, 253 Artest, Ron, 249t, 250 Bidding, bargaining (labor) Asomugha, Nnamdi, 339t for coaches, 387–388, 388n, 389n Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) coaches’ contracts of, 390t, 395–396 age limits in, 478t, 479 economics of, 391–396 cheating in, 236n, 236–237 head coach salaries, 390t, 390 commissioner’s salaries, 52 incentives, bonuses, 396 gender discrimination in, 497–498, 498t overview, 12–13, 383, 402 restrictions on schedules by organizations, posting system (MLB), 397n, 397–402, 191 398t steroid policies, 272 private value auctions (English auctions), Athletic Propulsion Labs, 194 384n, 384–386, 385n Atlanta Braves Big 12 conference, 257 broadcast revenues, payrolls 2001, 23t Big Ten network, 153 broadcast rights monopoly by, 150–151 Black, William “Tank,” 457, 462–463 capital appreciation of, 33–35, 34t Black Sox scandal, 234 final offer arbitration by, 419, 422n Blalock, Jane, 224, 224n franchise value 2010, 30t Blood doping, 267, 271 history of, 61t Board of Regents of the University of payrolls in, 7t Oklahoma and University of Georgia stadium financing in, 325t Athletic Association, NCAA v., 184–185 transfer of ownership, 50–51 Bodenheimer, George, 148 Atlanta Falcons, 27t, 28t, 255–256 Bonds, Barry, 170–171, 281–282, 385, 412 Atlanta Hawks, 29t Bookies, 204–205, 209n Atlanta Thrashers, 31t Boras, Scott, 386, 452–454 Austrian Olympic Committee, 267 Boston Bruins, 31t Azarenka, Victoria, 498t Boston Celtics, 29t, 125–126 Boston Marathon, 224–225 Babby, Lon, 459–460 Boston Red Sox Bagwell, Jeff, 169t, 169–170 broadcast revenues, payrolls 2001, 22t Bailer, Champ, 339t capital appreciation of, 34t, 33–35 Baltimore Orioles final arbitration settlements by, 428–429 broadcast revenues, payrolls 2001, 22t franchise values, 6t, 30t capital appreciation of, 34t history of, 60t franchise value 2010, 30t luxury tax, 79–81, 81t history of, 60t posting system use by, 398t, 399–402 stadium financing, 324t stadium financing, 324t team insurance coverage for, 169 ticket prices, 93–94 Baltimore Ravens Boulerice, Jesse, 252 attendance, performance 2010, 27t Bradford, Sam, 339t criticizing game officials penalties, 257 Brady, Tom, 167 franchise value 2010, 28t Brand, Myles, 211 multiyear contracts with, 409 Brewer, Corey, 467n Barclay’s, 4, 24, 126, 127 Broadcast rights Barkley, Charles, 201 antitrust litigation, 189–190 Barnes, Rick, 396 antitrust policy restraints, 184–185 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87661-2 - Sports Economics Roger D. Blair Index More information Subject Index 511 benefits of, 147–148 in tennis, 236n, 236–237 bidding, 140–149, 143f violating rules of play, 224–226 contracts, transaction costs of, 152 to win, 223 market structure for, 138f, 138–139 Chester, Ed, 167, 167n, 467 overview, 8t, 8, 137, 153–154 Chicago Bears ownership limits, 141 attendance, performance 2010, 27t revenues, 22t, 23t, 21–23 franchise value 2010, 28t revenue sharing, 54, 152 stadium financing, 327t Sports Broadcasting Act of 1961, 139–141, ticket prices, 93–94 140t, 142t weapons charges policy, 254–255, 255n sports networks, 140t, 152–153, 153t Chicago Blackhawks, 31t, 78 United States Football League v. NFL, Chicago Bulls, 6t, 29t 189–190, 190n Chicago Cubs vertical integration in, 138f, 149–152, 151f broadcast revenues, payrolls 2001, 23t winner’s curse, 145–146, 146f, 147f, capital appreciation of, 33–35, 34t 295–296 final offer settlement by, 418–419 Brown, Chris, 468 franchise value 2010, 30t Brown, Kwame, 472, 480 history of, 61t Brown, Mack, 390t host city competition for, 299–300 Brown, R. W., 368 multiyear contracts with, 405 Brown, Shawn, 168 stadium financing in, 325t Bryant, Decory, 167 Chicago White Sox Bryant, Kobe, 250, 338, 339t, 480, 481 Black Sox scandal, 234 Buffalo Bills, 27t, 28t broadcast revenues, payrolls 2001, 22t Buffalo Sabres, 31t capital appreciation of, 34t Burgess, Paul, 427t franchise value 2010, 30t Burton, Isaac Jr., 212, 234 history of, 60t Bush, Michael, 166, 166n, 470–471 stadium financing, 324t Business of sports.SeeSports business stadium lease agreement, 293 Chizik, Gene, 390t Cabrera, Miguel, 339t, 426–427, 427t Choi, Na Yeon, 495, 496t Calgary Flames, 31t Cincinnati Bengals, 27t, 28t Cameron, Mike, 269 Cincinnati Reds Cap Relief for Veterans rule, 444t broadcast revenues, payrolls 2001, 23t Carolina Hurricanes, 31t capital appreciation of, 34t Carolina Panthers, 27t, 28t franchise value 2010, 30t Carruth, Rae, 457 history of, 61t Carter, Anthony, 453 posting system use by, 398t Carter, Vince, 457 stadium financing in, 325t Casey, Paul, 496t Citi Group, 7, 24, 126 Certainty equivalent, 164f, 164 Clarett, Maurice, 478, 479 The Challenge at Manele, 96t Clark, Tim, 496t Charlotte Bobcats, 29t, 93–94 Clayton Act of 1914, 435–436 Cheating Clemens, Roger, 170, 354t Bat-gate, 228 Cleveland Browns, 27t, 28t deterrence of, 219–220, 221f Cleveland Cavaliers, 29t, 293–294 distraction by cheerleaders, 229 Cleveland Indians doctored baseballs, 228–229 broadcast revenues, payrolls 2001, 22t Formula One racing, 233 capital appreciation of, 34t illegal equipment use, 227–233 franchise value 2010, 30t to lose, 233–234 history of, 60t in NCAA, 230n, 230–231, 231n stadium financing, 324t overview, 9–10, 218–219, 238 stadium lease agreement, 293, 294t penalties, changing, 221–223, 222f Clijsters, Kim, 498t player collusion in, 211 Coaches point shaving, 212, 234–235 bidding, bargaining for, 387–388, 388n, probability of detection, changing, 221 389n (See also Bidding, bargaining sanctions (death penalty), 370–372 [labor]) sumo wrestling, 235–236 contracts of, 390t, 395–396, 408, 410, 413 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87661-2 - Sports Economics Roger D. Blair Index More information 512 Subject Index Coaches (cont.) Competition for franchises, events. incentives, bonuses, 396 See Franchises, events demand multiyear contracts of, 408, 410, 413 Competitive balance racial discrimination, 493t, 493–494, 495t definition of, 65–66 salaries, 390t, 390 economic analysis of, 70–72, 71f, 73 Title IX impacts on, 502–503, 503t free agency in, 70–72, 71f, 73, 74 Coates, T., 93–95 Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), 69, Coca-Cola advertising revenues, 130