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Solar PV Excel 2020.Pptx 6/3/20 PV Excel – Designer & Installer 2 Day solar PV Excel Course for Designers and Installers of PV systems PQRS Presented by Carel Ballack +27 82 322 2601 [email protected] General Welcome • Course rules – Please switch off cell-phones – In case of emergencies, please make and take calls outside • Tea at more or less 10:30 & 15:00 – 15 minutes each • Lunch around 12:00-12:30 – 30 minutes • FaciliVes – Bathrooms 2 1 6/3/20 Content Disclaimer & Feedback • Electricity is dangerous. • The purpose of this training course is to promote the use of solar, for both electrical & plumbing solar technologies. • The instructors cannot be held liable for informaVon presented; or the way in which informaVon has been interpreted through this; or any other training, markeVng or media plaZorm. Please read product instrucVons and comply to manufacturer recommendaVons • Your feedback is important • Please complete the feedback form. • We trust that you will enjoy the course 3 IntroducVon - Presenter • Presenter: Carel Ballack – Electrician – Plumbing and gas. – Former Ombudsman for SESSA – Tenders, Project management, Electrical infrastructure, Repairs and maintenance. – Consultant – Training & development for energy sector 4 2 6/3/20 IntroducVon PQRS Reports 5 3 6/3/20 IntroducVon PQRS - Network OrganisaVons InsVtuVons and associaVons • Rubicon, ACDC, Ellies • Green Cape • Allelec, Yingli • Western Cape Government • TIA - Test Instruments Africa • Mangosuthu University of Tech. • ABB, PLP, Dixon • Copper Development • Schneider, Enel, Greensun Association • Mustek • SAAEA • Tesla • SAPVIA • AREP 7 Supplementary free informaVon • Leonardo Energy - free online training for engineers (advanced) hgp://www.leonardo-energy.org • Assess and determine available solar irradiaVon at a specific venue hgps://re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvg_tools/en/tools.html#PVP • For free training on energy efficiency: Easy to Moderate to Advanced hgps://www.schneideruniversiVes.com/ • Free Book - Unlimited Energy – Describes how bageries work hgp://www.victronenergy.com/upload/documents/Book-Energy-Unlimited-EN.pdf • Free Maths & Science Mastery - Training PlaZorm hgps://www.khanacademy.org/ • Calculate solar systems viability hgp://www.retscreen.net 8 4 6/3/20 PV Project Stages & Business OpportuniVes Development • Identify Funding model • Consider system size • Consider system Type • Oversee municipal requirements • Essentially – project sales & support. 5 6/3/20 O & M (OperaVons and Maintenance) 1. Operations 1. Monitoring 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 4:50 AM 4:50 AM 5:10 AM 5:30 AM 5:50 AM 6:10 AM 6:30 AM 6:50 AM 7:10 AM 7:30 AM 7:50 AM 8:10 AM 8:30 AM 8:50 AM 9:10 AM 9:30 AM 9:50 1:10 PM 1:30 PM 1:50PM 2:10 PM 2:30 PM 2:50 PM 3:10 PM 3:30 PM 3:50 PM 4:10 PM 4:30 PM 4:50 PM 5:10 PM 5:30PM 5:50 PM 6:10 PM 11:10 AM 11:10 AM 11:30 AM 11:50 10:10 AM 10:10 AM 10:30 AM 10:50 12:10 PM 12:30 PM 12:50 PM Current DC (Inverter 1) [A] Current DC (Inverter 2) [A] Current DC (Inverter 3) [A] Current DC (Inverter 4) [A] Current DC (Inverter 5) [A] O & M (OperaVons and Maintenance) 1. Maintenance 1. Cleaning modules & inverters 2. Checking modules for visible defects 3. Check mounting structures for loose bolts and bi- metallic corrosion 4. Check cables & terminations for wear and tear and hot spots 5. Checking modules for hot spots & non-visible defects 6. Finding faults – See next slides 6 6/3/20 O & M (OperaVons and Maintenance) 1. Finding faults 1. Ultra violet light – only works after hours O & M (OperaVons and Maintenance) 1. Finding faults 1. Infra red cameras – only works when system works 7 6/3/20 O & M (OperaVons and Maintenance) 1. Finding faults 1. IV Curve Tests – Expensive testers but thorough Technology selecVon • Choosing the right technology for the applicaVon – Solar water heaVng vs solar PV – SWH systems are also referred to as Solar Thermal Systems – Solar PV - Solar Photovoltaic Solar Thermal Efficiency 400 - 700w/m2 Available IrradiaVon 2 1000w/m Solar PV Efficiency 130 - 180w/m2 8 6/3/20 Solar Water HeaVng vs Solar PV Standard Bank Braamfontein Hybrid 200m2 solar water heaVng system Energy Efficiency 18 9 6/3/20 MTN Head Office Roodepoort 180℃1200kPa 330kW solar cooling system Energy Efficiency 19 University of Pta 52 000 Liter 848m2 Solar water heaVng system Energy Efficiency 20 10 6/3/20 BMW Rosslyn 90℃ 200m2 Solar water heaVng system Energy Efficiency 21 Exstrata Elands mine 60 000 Liter 320m2 Solar water heaVng system hgp://www.blackdotenergy.co.za Energy Efficiency 22 11 6/3/20 Photos of faulty installaVons Only 4% of all issues can be prevented by simply “reading the instrucVons”, a further 95% can be prevented by understanding the instrucVons Pr 23 How not to install a PV system •No earth leakage •Bagery stored in ceiling +50’C •No earthing •Incorrect cable terminaVon •Wire sizing? 24 12 6/3/20 How not to install a PV system • We can see: – Shade to the leu of the panel – Standard twin & earth used – Top leu cable going through the roof material 25 How not to install a PV system 26 13 6/3/20 How not to install a PV system • Wood as a mounVng structure(EVA - EC) • Overlap & overhang(MP) 27 Solar Panels can burn 28 14 6/3/20 Fivng modules • Not Vght enough. Hoop Iron used to support Modules • Spacing of mounVng structure 29 Electrical safety and maintenance • Copper pipe used as lugs • O & M • Photo taken in the Eastern • Cleaning and access? Cape 30 15 6/3/20 Solar Borehole with shading 31 Submersible cable 32 16 6/3/20 2kWp system Somerset West Module mismatch in string inverter Module sizing should be equal. Performance severely affected O&M DomesVc environment do not buy into maintenance agreements, sell remote monitoring device in •Growing culture in SA to use opVmizers in order to monitor order to compensate for shading, hence performance shading is deemed to be “acceptable”. periodically 12kWp System Kyalami • MC4 couplers were cut and ferruled in order to parallel modules – Not recommended as this may negate module warrantees. – May affect • O&M, tesVng & product durability Good PV PracVce Electrical InstallaVon suggests 1-3% (volt drop) Standard accepts 5% SANS 10142-1 6.2.5.2 Once current-carrying capacity has been determined and correction factors had been considered, carry out voltage drop calculations to determine voltage drop which should be within the allowed 5 %. (very inefficient for PV systems) 17 6/3/20 30kWp system Franschoek UnintenVonal shading Lack of knowledge Module life possibly affected by long term overheaVng of cells due to shading O&M Apart from design, this secVon of the installaVon can’t be inspected or maintained with ease, consider leaving space to move between modules. No spacing between modules makes visual inspecVon difficult Row spacing inadequate, 12 x 300W modules producing 400W 250kWp system JHB IntenVonal shading The engineer involved in this project combined the same modules affected by shade into the same string Although deemed good from a design point of view. Could affect long term life & performance of cells / modules O&M Neighboring construcVon site resulted in dust deposits which required regular cleaning. Increase frequency of visual All shaded modules are part inspecVon to ensure opVmum of the same string performance 18 6/3/20 500kWp system in Fourways Ongoing maintenance •No space for cleaning modules •DB Board cb’s overheated & tripped conVnuously •Inverters overheated •Conductors from panels to inverter overheated 230m 6mm2 Program & Content Flow Irradia5on PV technologies Cable calc. Volt drop Series and parallel config Moun5ng Structures Combiner Boxes PV Fuse Inverter calc Voltage Standards Calcula5ons SPD’s, LPS & Earthing DC vs AC Disconnect Off-Grid BaHeries 38 19 6/3/20 TradiVonal ConnecVon Normal Eskom InstallaVon “Grid-Tied” Solar system Small Scale Embedded Generator 20 6/3/20 Off-Grid Solar System No connecVon to Eskom Grid Hybrid System CombinaVon of both Huge Grey Area 21 6/3/20 Have you heard of: • The latest panels that can generate power at night? – Uhm . • Water bageries – Uhm . • The best solar system VS C-Si AbsorpVon • hgp://www.slideshare.net/Ennaoui/rd-roadmap-ennaoui 22 6/3/20 How do I find. • The best inverter – Service, applicaVon, spares, technical support • The best solar Modules – 3rd party test results vs “Tier 1” • The best bageries – Datasheets • Latest Technology – Breathe, relax, breathe some more. • Contractors – www.arepenergy.co.za, FREE P4 Solar Test QuotaVons • Find the detail – In system calculaVon – Paperwork / invoices / Quotes – Get references – Do Research – Visit other sites • Phone a friend • Phone another friend – It’s only R100k – R200k and auer all; you can afford it. 23 6/3/20 “no worries, no-one can see my roof” Solar PV Solar Geysers IrradiaVon Irradia5on PV technologies Cable calc. Volt drop Series and parallel config Moun5ng Structures Combiner Boxes PV Fuse Inverter calc Voltage Standards Calcula5ons SPD’s, LPS & Earthing DC vs AC Disconnect Pr Safety & Cos5ng BaHeries Energy Efficiency Off-Grid 48 24 6/3/20 InsolaVon vs irradiance • (Photovoltaic) • PV Power varies based on available insolaVon. • This variaVon could be effected by changes in the atmosphere, weather pagerns and seasonal changes. • InsolaVon is defined as the amount of radiaVon striking the earth • Note the difference in the terms – Irradiance : Intensity of Solar energy kW/m2 – InsolaVon : QuanVty of Solar energy kWh/m2 49 The solar constant 1367W/m2 – World RadiaVon Centre ReflecVon, DeflecVon & AbsorpVon Reference: Duffie Beckman 1991 50 25 6/3/20 Sun hours calculaVon • Peak Sun Hours are used to calculate power generaVon of PV modules • Peak Sun Hours can be calculated by dividing annual sun hours by the number of days per year.
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