N E X T G E N E R a T I O N S C I E N C E S T a N D a R D S for E L E M E N T a R Y

N E X T G E N E R A T I O N S C I E N C E S T A N D A R D S for E L E M E N T A R Y 3 - 5

Physical Science PS1 Physical Science. Matter and Its Interactions pp. 02 - 05 PS2 Motion & Stability: Forces and Interactions pp. 05 - 07 PS3 Energy: Definitions; Conservation; Forces; Chemical pp. 08 - 11 PS4 Waves & Technological Transfer of Information pp. 11 - 14 NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp. 15 - 18

Life Science LS1 Molecules to Organisms: Structures & Processes pp. 19 - 24 LS2 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, & Dynamics pp. 25 - 29 LS3 Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits pp. 29 - 30 LS4 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity pp. 30 - 33 NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp. 34 - 36

Earth and Space Science ESS1 Earth’s Place in the Universe pp. 37 - 40 ESS2 Earth’s Systems pp. 41 - 47 ESS3 Earth and Human Activity pp. 48 - 53 NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp. 54 - 56

Engineering, Technology, & Applications of Science ETS1:A Engineering Design pp.57 - 61 ETS1:B Developing Solutions to Engineering Problems pp.61 - 63 ETS1:C Optimizing the Design Solution pp.63 - 64 NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp.65

N E X T G E N E R A T I O N S C I E N C E S T A N D A R D S for E L E M E N T A R Y 3 - 5

2 Elementary Grades 3-5 Physical Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

PS1 Physical Science. Matter and Its Interactions pp. 02 - 05 PS2 Motion & Stability: Forces and Interactions pp. 05 - 07 PS3 Energy: Definitions; Conservation; Forces; Chemical pp. 07 - 11 PS4 Waves & Technological Transfer of Information pp. 11 - 13

NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp. 14 - 17

PS1 Physical Science. Matter and Its Interactions How can one explain the structure, properties, and interactions of matter?

PS1.A Structure and Properties of Matter: How do particles combine to form the variety of matter one observes?

• Matter of any type can be subdivided into particles that are too small to see, but even then the matter still exists and can be detected by other means. A model shows that gases are made from matter particles that are too small to see and are moving freely around in space can explain many observations, including the inflation and shape of a balloon; the effects of air on larger particles or objects. (5-PS1-1)

• The amount (weight) of matter is conserved when it changes form, even in transitions in which it seems to vanish. (5-PS1-2)

• Measurements of a variety of properties can be used to identify materials. (5-PS1-3) [Mass and weight are not distinguished at this grade level.) (5-PS1-2)]

NEXT.cc PS1.A Air Breathing Easy on the Space Station (Includes explanation of Electrolysis) What Is Air; PBS Eekoworld –Air; Air Ingredients Chart; Air Has Mass Color Flowers and Blood: The Chemical Spectacle of Color tools Imagination Design and the Elastic Mind Exhibit MOMA (Incl. Fabrics of Life: Nobel Textiles – Use Search Box) Journal Maintaining a Laboratory Notebook Matter Changing States Ice; Changing State Ice and Water - Crickweb; Chemistry: A

3 Volatile History Movie Trailer; Elements of the Periodic Table Movie Trailer; History of the Atom Project; Into the Heart of Matter; Matter Forms; PhET Matter Simulations; Solid, Liquid, Gas; Solid, Liquid, Gas (2 links); States of Matter; Strange Matter; TED Ed Periodic Table of Videos for Every Element; TED Ed Solving the Puzzle of the Periodic Table; Video Elements of the Periodic Table; Video Fun Science Liquid Matter Density; Video Periodic Table; Video Solid, Liquid, Gas Song; Voyage to the Heart of the Matter: Atlas Experiment at Cern Measure Easy Inches; Medium Inches; Hard Inches; Comparing Lengths in Everyday Objects; Shoelace Lengths; Printable Rulers; History of Length Measurements (Teacher resource); Introduction to Standard Units Nanotechnology Nanotechnology Takes Off; How Small Is An Atom TED Ed Video; Interactive Simulations - Atoms, Neurons, Molecules Water Water Cycle Animated Diagram; Water Cycle Discover Water Project (Interactive); Water Cycle Quiz; Change the State of Water Interactive; PBS Eekoworld: Water; Kids Water Fun: Games and Activities; Why Does Ice Float in Water? TED Ed Words NGSS Flash Card for Fifth Grade Science Vocabulary (All areas) 3D Geometry Geometric Solids (interactive); British Metric Interactive for 3D Shapes Beams PBS What Is an I Beam? Biomimicry Discovery World Biomimicry; Biomimicry 3.8 (See Biomimicry Primer) Glass Corning Museum of Glass; Is Glass Liquid or Solid; Nova Science of Stained Glass; Glassmaker Toots Zynsky Video; Dichroic Glass (Also see Glass Blowing); TED X Why Is Glass Transparent? Materials Material World (Social Studies Connection) Material Properties Lab Interactive; Materials at the British Museum; Digital Materials; Crickweb Materials language Sorting and Labeling; Crickweb Material Characteristics Interactive; Materials and Their Properties; Material Properties and Social Imagination; Material Properties Lab; Experiments with Grains – Clay Metrics Be a Metric Detective; Conversion Calculator; Metric Converter; British Metric Interactive Metric Converter Precipitation How Do Snowflakes Form? Rocks The A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum Water Quality Water Quality Science 21st Century Learning e-learning (Science: Elements); Math Snacks: Online Games (Measurement); Spongelab (Science Content for Physical Science Subtopics) Electricity PBS Fidgit Factory Green Materials ActiveMATTER Box; Material ConneXion’s New Materials discovery Plastic History of Plastics; Are Mushrooms the New Plastic? Ted Talk; Ted Ed From DNA to Silly Putty: The Diverse World of Polymers Recycling Household Container Recycling (Rochester Institute of Technology) Wood Janka Hardness Scale; What Is Wood? Royal Forest Society; Wood Magic (Incl. Wood’s Strength) Car Design How to Build a 100 Mile Per Gallon Car (See Comparing Costs in Use Due to Materials) Design Making Video: Fun Science -Technology, Simulations & Engineering Demos (Design, Build, and test a Boat) design House of the Future A Day Made of Glass Video Tessellations Escher Web Sketch and Crystallography Toy Design What Can Legos Teach Us (Elementary Solutions – Science Build to Express); Zach Kaplan and Keith Schadt: Toys for the Future TED Talk (Incl. New Materials)

4 PS1.B Chemical Reactions How do substances combine or change (react) to make new substances? How does one characterize and explain these reactions and make predictions about them?

• When two or more different substances are mixed, a new substance with different properties may be formed. (5-PS1-4) • No matter what reaction or change in properties occurs, the total weight of the substances does not change. (5-PS1-2)

NEXT.cc PS1.B Imagination Design and the Elastic Mind Exhibit MOMA (Incl. Mushroom Growth Packaging) Food Producers and Consumers (See Cycles; Also see Chem4Kids: Biochemistry); Human vs. Natural Food Chains Matter Chemistry: A Volatile History Movie Trailer; Khan Academy States of Matter; PhET Matter Simulations; TED Ed Periodic Table of Videos for Every Element; TED tools Ed Solving the Puzzle of the Periodic Table; Video Elements of the Periodic Table; Video Periodic Table; Voyage to the Heart of the Mater: Atlas Experiment at Cern Nanotechnology ; Everything Nano (many good links); How Small Is An Atom Ted Ed Video; Interactive Simulations - Atoms, Neurons, Molecules Plants Activity Two – Photosynthesis Link Water Change the State of Water Interactive; Adobe Making Adobe Bricks Biomimicry Discovery World Biomimicry; Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, cycle matter in Search Box) Ceramics BBC The Story of Clay language Glass All About Glass; Is Glass Liquid or Solid; Corning Museum of Glass; Dichronic Glass; Nova Science of Stained Glass Rocks Sally Ride Science – Rocks (Learn about Chalk); The Virtual Cave Water Quality Water Quality Science Plastic History of Plastics (including Thermoplastic, Also see History of Rubber); Are discovery Mushrooms the New Plastic?; Ted Ed From DNA to Silly Putty; Polymers design

PS2 Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions How can one explain and predict interactions between objects and within systems of objects?

PS2.A Forces and Motion How can one predict an object’s continued motion, changes in motion, or stability? • Each force acts on one particular object and has both strength and a direction. An object at rest typically has multiple forces acting on it, but they add to give zero net force on the object. Forces that do not sum to zero can cause changes in the object’s speed or direction of motion. (3-PS2-1) [Boundary: Qualitative and conceptual, but not quantitative addition of forces are used at this level. 3-PS2-1] • The patterns of an object’s motion in various situations can be observed and

5 measured; when that past motion exhibits a regular pattern, future motion can be predicted from it. (3-PS2-2) [Boundary: Technical terms, such as magnitude, velocity, momentum, and vector quantity, are not introduced at this level, but the concept that some quantities need both size and direction to be described is developed.3-PS2-2]

NEXT.cc PS2.A Imagination Rube Goldberg Challenges Your Imagination; Invention at Play (Invention tools Play House – Tinker Ball Interactive) Material Teaching Engineering: Strength of Materials (Also enter - Motion Stability Forces - in Home Page Search) Sculpture Kinetic Sculptures Mimic Motions of Fish and Birds language Systems Thinking Systems Thinking in Action STIA (incl. Insight Maker (Create Free Account; Search Find Insights, e.g, electric, energy, or create your own model or simulation); Skateboard Performance & Testing (REMS) Bridges Make a Human Suspension Bridge Electricity Explore Link - Electricity (See Forces); Electricity Science Projects: San Francisco Exploratorium; Flash Animations to teach Electricity (Interactive investigations of circuits, currents, electromagnetism, and Knowledge assessment) Mobiles Make a Mobile Balance Online; Kinetic Sculpture Derby; Kensington Kinetic discovery Sculpture Paper Airplanes Fun Paper Airplanes; NASA’s Beginners’ Guide to Aerodynamics; World’s Best Paper Airplane Video; What Makes an Airplane Fly? Paper Engineering Build a Paper Tower Trusses Video PBS Design Squad Truss Structures; Video PBS Modeling Truss Structures Aeronautics How Do Airplanes Fly? Infographic of Sci. Fi. Spaceships (Art and Design Connection); Up, Up And Away - Airplanes Car Design PBS Make a Pasta Car Video design Kites NASA and Forces on Kites; Kite Basics Toy Design Play, Invent, Explore (Idea Library: Marble Machines; PIE Work: Chain Reaction & More); Turning Trash into [Science] Toys: Arvind Gupta TED Talk Skyscrapers Skyscraper Forces (Interactive); Skyscraper Basics (Interactive)

PS2.B Types of Interactions What underlying forces explain the variety of interactions observed?

• Objects in contact exert forces on each other. (3-PS2-1)

• Electric, and magnetic forces between a pair of objects do not require that the objects be in contact. The sizes of the forces in each situation depend on the properties of the objects and their distances apart and, for forces between two magnets, on their orientation relative to each other. (3-PS2-3), (3-PS2-4)

• The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center. (5-PS2-1)

NEXT.cc PS2.B Imagination Design and the Elastic Mind (Newton Virus – Use Search Box) tools Water Fluid Science Projects: San Francisco Exploratorium

Beams Beam Information (Children’s Engineering: Structure, Forces, Loads, and Materials, Interactive); PBS What Is an I Beam? Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, spread seeds in Search Box for examples of hydraulic pressure and evaporative tension) Columns Can A Toilet Paper Tube Support Your Weight?; Finding the Strongest Column Shape; Columns Around the World Energy Energy Simulation (PhET) language Material Teaching Engineering: Strength of Materials (Also enter - Motion Stability Forces - in Home Page Search) Structure Structural Forces Lab; Loads Lab; Forces on Shapes Systems Thinking Systems Thinking in Action STIA (incl. Insight Maker (Create Free Account; Search Find Insights, e.g, electric, energy, or create your own model or simulation); Skateboard Performance & Testing (REMS); Meal Picking (REMS)

Buildings as Bodies Crickweb KS2 Science (See Magnets and Springs Bridges Make a Human Suspension Bridge Electricity Electricity Simulations Colorado U (PhET); Explore Link Electricity (Also see Forces and Magnets); Operation Physics – Heck’s Electricity Manual; The Story of Electricity; Earth’s Atmospheric Global Electric Circuit; What Is Static Electricity?; Static Electricity: Science Made Simple; Circuit Construction Kit Univ. of Boulder (PHET incl. Electricity and Magnetic Simulations); PBS Fidgit Factory; Electricity Science Projects: San Francisco Exploratorium; Motor Effect: San Francisco Exploratorium; Discover the Power of Grapheme; Flash Animations to Teach Electricity (Interactive investigations of circuits, currents, electromagnetism, and Knowledge assessment) discovery Mass Transit TRAC Michigan DOT Program for Future Transportation (Design and test Mag Lev train cars) Mobiles Make a Mobile Balance Online; Kinetic Sculpture Derby; Kensington Kinetic Sculpture Paper Engineering Build a Paper Tower Solar Energy Sun from Space (Sun’s Magnetic Field) Trusses Bridge Trusses; What Is A Truss?; Building with Bridges (Interactive); Bridge Challenge (Interactive); Build a Truss (Interactive); Bridges Around the World; Rainbow Bridge Photos; Popsicle Bridge Video; Popsicle Bridge Plans

Car Design PBS Make a Pasta Car Video Toy Design Play, Invent, Explore (Idea Library: Marble Machines, Cardboard Automata; PIE Work: Marble Machines Studio, Chain Reaction, Light Play and Pulley Table & design More); Turning Trash into [Science] Toys: Arvind Gupta TED Talk; Zach Kaplan and Keith Schadt: Toys for the Future TED Talk (incl. Mag Lev Water Slide) Skyscrapers Skyscraper Forces (Interactive); Skyscraper Basics (Interactive)

PS3 Energy How is energy transferred and conserved?

PS3.A Definitions of Energy What is energy?

• The faster a given object is moving, the more energy it possesses. (4- PS3-1) • Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects or through sound, light, or electric currents. (4-PS3-2), (4-PS3-3)

NEXT.cc PS3.A Air Wind Power Imagination Design and the Elastic Mind (See ODO – objects for children powered by tools kinetic energy) Natural Light Color, Heat, and Light: San Francisco Exploratorium Waves Fun With Science: Sounds Artificial Light ITSI Lighting a Bulb Energy History of Energy in US; Forms of Energy; Energy Pioneers; Energy Energy Simulation (PhET); The Energy Story; Wind Energy; Energy Quiz (There are two.); Energy Explained, EIA Energy Information; Energy Game; Energy Quiz Exon Mobil Food Culture PBS Build a Better Lunch Box language Sound Sound Science Projects: San Francisco Exploratorium - Resonator; Sounds Amazing: Physics, Sound, and Waves; The Coolest Things Sound Waves Do; The Science of Sound Musical Instrument Museum Systems Thinking Systems Thinking in Action STIA (incl. Insight Maker (Create Free Account; Search Find Insights, e.g, electric, energy, or create your own model or simulation); Skateboard Performance & Testing (REMS); Meal Picking (REMS)

Bicycles Blender Bike Video Buildings as Bodies Crickweb KS2 Science (See Key Stage 1 Sound) Earth Earth Day Footprint Quiz Electricity Electricity Simulations Colorado U (PhET); Electricity Teaching Resources: Interactive Game and Quizzes; Operation Physics – Heck’s Electricity Manual; Explore Link Electricity (Activities for all areas of Physical Science; discovery Electricity Science Projects: San Francisco Exploratorium; Flash Animations to teach Electricity (Interactive investigations of circuits, currents, electromagnetism, and Knowledge assessment) Solar Energy (Sun Basics) and Photovoltaic Cells; Solar Cooking; Passive Solar Energy; Solar panels; The Sun from Space; Around the World in a Solar Airplane; The Awesome Power of Solar (Video)

Aeronautics NASA Solar Powered Aircraft Cartoons Howtoons: Science Cartoons Toy Design Play, Invert, Explore (Idea Library: e.g., Cardboard Automata, Sound design Automata, Light Painting, Song Stones, Scribbling Machines; PIE Work: PI Day Chain Reaction, Marble Machine Studio, Kinetic Contraptions Atelier PDF, Art Machines PDF); Turning Trash into [Science] Toys: Arvind Gupta TED Talk Wind Power Wind Energy Basics; Interactive Energy Map

PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer What is meant by conservation of energy? How is energy transferred between objects or systems?

• Energy is present whenever there are moving objects, sound, light, or heat. When objects collide, energy can be transferred from one object to another, thereby changing their motion. In such collisions, some energy is typically also transferred to the surrounding air; as a result, the air gets heated and sound is produced. (4-PS3- 2),(4-PS3-3)

• Light also transfers energy from place to place. (4-PS3-2)

• Energy can also be transferred from place to place by electric currents, which can then be used locally to produce motion, sound, heat, or light. The currents may have been produced to begin with by transforming the energy of motion into electrical energy. (4-PS3-2),(4- PS3-4)

NEXT.cc PS3.B Air Wind Power; What is Air? (Incl. In the Greenhouse - The Warming Greenhouse, The Sun Makes It Possible) Imagination Design and the Elastic Mind (See ODO – objects for children powered by tools kinetic energy) Natural Light Color, Heat, and Light: San Francisco Exploratorium Water Fluid Science Projects: San Francisco Exploratorium Waves Fun With Science: Sounds Artificial Light Lighting Tales Artificial Light Comes from the Sun Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, cycle energy, produce heat, in Search Box) Energy Energy; Forms of Energy; Energy Pioneers; Energy Simulations (PhET); The Energy Story; Wind Energy; Energy Quiz (There are two.); Energy Explained; EIA Energy Information; Energy Game; ITSI Solar Oven; ITSI Wind Generator language Food Culture PBS Build a Better Lunch Box Sound The Coolest Things Sound Waves Do; Sounds Amazing: Physics, Sound, and Waves Systems Thinking Systems Thinking in Action STIA (incl. Insight Maker (Create Free Account; Search Find Insights, e.g, electric, energy, or create your own model or simulation); Skateboard Performance & Testing (REMS) Temperature NASA Beat the Heat Games Bicycles Blender Bike Video Biomes Eekoworld Plants and Animals Buildings as Bodies Crickweb KS2 Science (See Light and Shadows) discovery Electricity Electricity (Interactive resources for all areas of Physical Science); Electricity Simulations Colorado U (PhET); Electricity Teaching Resources: Interactive Game and Quizzes; Exploring Nature – Circuits & Types of Circuits; Operation Physics – Heck’s Electricity Manual; Roominate Toy; Make the Bulb Brighter; Enwin Kids’

9 Zone: Electricity (Interactive resources, incl. reading an electric meter); What Is Static Electricity”; Static Electricity: Science Made Simple; Where Does Electricity Come From?; Circuit Construction Kit Univ. of Boulder (PHET incl. Work, Energy & Power simulations); Drawing Electric Circuits with Symbols; PBS Fidgit Factory; Electricity Science Projects: San Francisco Exploratorium; Flash Animations to teach Electricity (Interactive investigations of circuits, currents, electromagnetism, and Knowledge assessment) Solar Energy Photovoltaic Cells (Sun Basics); Solar Cooking; The Sun from Space; Around the World in Solar Airplane; How Do Solar Cells Work?; How a Solar Panel Works; NOVA How Do Solar Panels Work? ITSI Solar Oven; The Awesome Power of Solar (Video) Toy Design Play, Invent, Explore (Idea Library: Cardboard Automata, Sound Automata; Light Painting; Song Stones; PIE Work: Digital Bling; Light Play and Pulley Table, design SFAI Light Play; Also See Bibliography) Wind Power Kidwind Project; Wind Power into Energy

PS3.C Relationships Between Energy and Forces How are forces related to energy?

• When objects collide, the contact forces transfer energy so as to change the objects’ motions. (4-PS3-3)

NEXT.cc PS3.C tools Material Teaching Engineering: Strength of Materials (Also enter “Collision and language Momentum” in Home Page Search) 21st Century Learning eLearning (Science K2 Incl. Seychelles – Pushing & Pulling Forces) Bicycles Blender Bike Video discovery Electricity Explore Link - Electricity (Interactive resources for all areas of Physical Science, incl. Forces; Electricity Science Projects: San Francisco Exploratorium (Short, interactive investigations) Design Making Video: Fun Science -Technology, Simulations, & Engineering Demos (Design and Test a Car, Cotton Ball Catapult, Designing a Better Bottle Cap Rocket) Toy Design Play, Invent, Explore (Idea Library: Wind Tubes; PIE Work: Wind-Powered design Wonders, PI Day Chain Reaction, Marble Machine Studio, Kinetic Contraptions Atelier PDF, Art Machines PDF); Wind Power Wind Energy Basics

PS3.D Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life How do food and fuel provide energy? If energy is conserved, why do people say it is produced or used? • The expression “produce energy” typically refers to the conversion of stored energy into a desired form for practical use. (4-PS3-4)

10 • The energy released [from] food was once energy from the sun that was captured by plants in the chemical process that forms plant matter (from air and water). 5-PS3-1) NEXT.cc PS3.D Air Wind Power Food Producers and Consumers (See Cycles; Also see Chem4Kids: Biochemistry); Human vs. Natural Food Chains tools Land ESSEA Climate + Land K4 Plants The Simple Story of Photosynthesis and Food Video TED Ed; Photosynthesis and Fossil Fuels; Plants and Our Environment; Plant Structure and Function Water Water Costs of Energy; Waterlife; Water Food Energy Nexus Animals Biology: Critters, Critters Everywhere Artificial Light Lighting Tales Artificial Light Comes from the Sun Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter produce energy in Search Box) Energy History of Energy in US; Forms of Energy; Energy Pioneers; The Energy Story; Wind Energy; Energy Quiz (There are two.); Energy Explained; EIA Energy language Information; Water, Fuel, Energy Nexus; Energy Game Insects Should We Eat Bugs? Material Green Bricks Tree Identification National Tree Benefit Calculator Water Quality Water Quality Science Biomes Eekoworld Plants and Animals Electricity Enwin Kids’ Zone: Electricity (Interactive resources, incl. energy and electricity) Green Materials Life Expectancy of Materials discovery Solar Energy (Sun Basics) and Photovoltaic Cells; Solar Cooking; The Sun from Space; Around the World in Solar Airplane; The Awesome Power of Solar (Video) Wood Tree Anatomy Download (Incl. Photosynthesis/Respiration/Light Compensation Point) Wind Power Wind Energy Basics; Interactive Energy Map; Wind Potential Map; Kidwind design Project; Wind Power into Energy Industrial Design Architecture 2030 Challenge for Products (Carbon Life Cycle)

PS4 Waves & their Applications in Technologies for Information Transfer How are waves used to transfer energy and information?

PS4.A Wave Properties What are the characteristic properties and behaviors of waves?

• Waves, which are regular patterns of motion, can be made in water by disturbing the surface. When waves move across the surface of deep water, the water goes up and down in place; it does not move in the direction of the wave except when the water meets the beach. (Note: This grade band endpoint was moved from K–2). (4-PS4-1) • Waves of the same type can differ in amplitude (height of the wave) and wavelength (spacing between wave peaks). (4-PS4-1)

11 NEXT.cc PS4.A Listening Neuroscience for Kids Experiments (K-12) Natural Light PhET Simulation - Light Patterns Moire Patterns: San Francisco Exploratorium Senses NASA’s Sixth Sense tools Waves PhET Wave Simulations; Seismic Waves and the Slinky; Sound and Light; What are Waves?; Fun With Science Sounds; Waves and Wave Motion; NASA’s View Radio Waves; Acoustic Waves; Pendulum Wave; The Great Wave Off Kanagawa (Art Connection); Video Understanding the Jetstream and Rossby Waves; Wave Science Experiments: San Francisco Exploratorium Insects Insects, Trees, and Climate Change: Bioacoustic Ecology Music PBS String Thing: Make Your Own Music Optics Optic Simulations Sound app: spectrum analyzer (For Android); app: spectrum view (sound decibel & frequency data capture); Dallas Symphony Orchestra For Kids; Discovery of Sound In The Sea; Explore Sound: The Science of Acoustics; Exploratorium Making Sense of Sound; Exploratorium: Sound Science Projects; Groovy Sounds: San Francisco Exploratorium Sound Puzzles; Exploratorium Sound Science Projects- Resonator; Interactive Sound Activities Primary Physical Science (Elementary and Secondary language Grades, incl. National Institute of Health Resources, Lesson Plans, Teacher Resources); Spectograms; Sound Seeker (Social Studies Connection); NPS Sound Maps of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Also Spectrograms and Recordings from the National Park Service); PhET Simulations – Sound; P.I.E. Songstones; Sound Around You (Activity 6); Sound Encyclopedia; Sound Lessons; Sound Experiments; Sounds Amazing: Physics, Sound, and Waves; Sounds Around You; Sound Science Projects: San Francisco Exploratorium: Straw Oboe (with Bell!); String Telephones and Worksheets: The Science of Sound Musical Instrument Museum; Video The Coolest Things Sound Waves Do Earth Oceans Alive! (Oceans in Motions: Wind and Waves) Growing Food Vienna Vegetable Orchestra discovery Music and Architecture Somewhere Over the Rainbow Voice Tracker Falling Water Light and Sound Show (Music/Visual Art Connection) Sound Mapping Radio Aporee; NOAA Cetacean Sound Mapping design Information Architecture Chrome Experiments (See Ocean Wave Simulation)

PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation What is light? How can one explain the varied effects that involve light? What other forms of electromagnetic radiation are there?

• An object can be seen when light reflected from its surface enters the eyes. • (4-PS4-2)

NEXT.cc PS4.B Color Brainpickings: Joseph Albers on Color; Flowers and Blood: The Chemical Spectacle of Color; Guide to Understanding Color Communication; Infographic: Celebrating 50 Years of PANTONE Color tools Energy Energy Simulation (PhET) Imagination Design and the Elastic Mind Exhibit MOMA (Incl. Raycounting, using intensity and orientation of light rays to generate 3-D replicas of objects; Also L.A.S..E.R. Tag Graffiti Projection System – Use Search Box)

12 Nanotechnology Art+History+Technology at the Leonardo (Interaction of Light and Glass for Color) Natural Light Color, Heat, and Light: San Francisco Exploratorium; GBAA Glowing Table; Hand Shadows; Karen Savage Photograms (Images on light sensitive paper); ITSI Measuring Colors with Light; Light and Optics; Light and Shadow (Creative interactive environment); Light Bends: San Francisco Exploratorium; Light Waves Visible and Invisible; Lighting Tales; NASA and Stanford Solar Center: Experimenting with UV- Sensitive Beads; NASA The Electromagnetic Spectrum; PhET Simulations – Light Rainbow; The Electromagnetic Spectrum; Visible Light Waves; Watch the Sun Rise; Painting PIE Exploratorium: Light Painting Photography What a Camera Sees that Our Eyes Cannot: TED Video Rocks The Virtual Cave Senses Seeing at the Exploratorium; Anatomy of the Eye (Refraction and the Ray Model of Light, Teacher background knowledge); Five Senses Lesson Plans, (Plans are also available in Spanish, K-3); Mr. Potato Head; Optical Illusions Shading Colored Shadows: San Francisco Exploratorium Waves PhET Wave Simulations; Sound and Light Waves; Wave Overview; What Are Waves?; Wave Science Experiments: San Francisco Exploratorium Artificial Light Lighting Tales: Artificial Light Comes from the Sun; World Expo Shanghai Mobility Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, disperse light in Search Box) language Climate Spectrix: A GOES-R Imager Game: Color & Climate Data Glass TED X Why Is Glass Transparent? Optics Optic Simulations; Optical Illusions; Science of Light Terms Origami Paper Microscope Folds Like Origami RED Video Electricity The Story of Electricity; Earth’s Atmospheric Global Electric Circuit; discovery Delectricity (Art+Science) Information Architecture The Leonardo Art+Science+Technology design Sunglasses Sunglasses Protect Eyes; History of Sunglasses (Social Studies Connection

PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation How are instruments that transmit and detect waves used to extend human senses?

• Digitized information can be transmitted over long distances without significant degradation. High-tech devices, such as computers or cell phones, can receive and decode information—convert it from digitized form to voice—and vice versa. (4-PS4- 3) NEXT.cc PS4.C Color Online Color Challenge Food Food Think Apps to Eat Local Imagination Design and the Elastic Mind Exhibit MOMA (Incl. Touch Messenger, cell- phone like device for the Blind; also FEI Images from Scanning Electron Microscopes tools - Use Search Box) Listening Audio Pong – Interactive Natural Light The Electromagnetic Spectrum; NASA The Electromagnetic Spectrum (Examples of devices and the portion of the EM spectrum that they use) Waves How Does GPS Work?; PhET Wave Simulations; Tired Travelers: NASA Radar

13 Teaches Us about Bird Migration; Video Understanding the Jetstream and Rossby Waves Birds Tired Travelers: NASA Radar Teaches Us about Bird Migration Climate Spectrix: A GOES-R Imager Game: Color & Climate Data Experience Design Mine-Control: Interactive Installation Artwork Materials Material ConneXion (Fashion Goes Digital) Optics Otpics + Origami Make a Microscope; Optical Society of America Competition language Origami Paper Microscope Folds Like Origami TED Video Sound Animal Bioacoustics; app: spectrum analyzer (For Android); app: spectrum view (sound decibel & frequency data capture); Bioacoustic Control of Insect Infestation; Communication Engineers: Sound Extenders; Exploratorium: Sound Science Projects; Explore Sound: The Science of Acoustics; PhET Simulations - Sound Acoustics Acoustic Ecology; Animal Bioacoustics (Incl. Instrumental Sonar) Buildings as Bodies Neuroscience for Kids (Incl. Electrode Placement and Brain Imaging Methods. Go to Explore, then Methods and Techniques) Digital Modeling Incl. SketchUp links discovery Electricity The Story of Electronics Oceans Project Wild Aquatics (In Step with STEM: Satellite Telemetry – Tracking Sea Turtles) Sound Mapping The Sight of Sound: Sound Mapping; NOAA Cetacean and Sound Mapping; Typology of Sound Maps; Radio Aporee; Fashion Design Integrating Electronics in Clothing; Smart Clothing; The Gaze- Activated Dress Video Great Lakes Freshwater Institute (Search Brady Moe - Designing a Drone for Tracking Sturgeon in the Great Lakes) design Information Architecture History of the Internet; History of the Internet from Online Class; The Leonardo Art+Science+Technology; Game Design Designing Game Based Environments House of the Future A Day Made of Glass Urban Design Collecting Local Data App

14 Elementary Grades 3-5 Physical Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

Each Disciplinary Core Idea (DCI) is followed by an indicator for the Performance Expectation linked to it, e.g., (5-PS1-1) indicates that the preceding DCI is addressed in the Fifth Grade Performance Expectation for Physical Science PS1.A, Structure and Properties of Matter. All Performance Expectations and DCIs can be found at www.nextgenscience.org

Grade Band Endpoints for Physical Sciences are published in A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core ideas. National Research Council. A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13165

Grade Band Endpoints for PS1.A By the end of grade 5. Matter of any type can be subdivided into particles that are too small to see, but even then the matter still exists and can be detected by other means (e.g., by weighing or by its effects on other objects). For example, a model showing that gases are made from matter particles that are too small to see and are moving freely around in space can explain many observations, including the inflation and shape of a balloon; the effects of air on larger particles or objects (e.g., leaves in wind, dust suspended in air); and the appearance of visible scale water droplets in condensation, fog, and, by extension, also in clouds or the contrails of a jet. The amount (weight) of matter is conserved when it changes form, even in transitions in which it seems to vanish (e.g., sugar in solution, evaporation in a closed container). Measurements of a variety of properties (e.g., hardness, reflectivity) can be used to identify particular materials. (Boundary: At this grade level, mass and weight are not distinguished, and no attempt is made to define the unseen particles or explain the atomic-scale mechanism of evaporation and condensation.)

Grade Band Endpoints for PS1.B By the end of grade 5. When two or more different substances are mixed, a new substance with different properties may be formed; such occurrences depend on the substances and the temperature. No matter what reaction or change in properties occurs, the total weight of the substances does not change. (Boundary: Mass and weight are not distinguished at this grade level.)

Grade Band Endpoints for PS1.C By the end of grade 5. [Intentionally left blank.]

15 Grade Band Endpoints for PS2.A By the end of grade 5. Each force acts on one particular object and has both a strength and a direction. An object at rest typically has multiple forces acting on it, but they add to give zero net force on the object. Forces that do not sum to zero can cause changes in the object’s speed or direction of motion. (Boundary: Qualitative and conceptual, but not quantitative addition of forces are used at this level.) The patterns of an object’s motion in various situations can be observed and measured; when past motion exhibits a regular pattern, future motion can be predicted from it. (Boundary: Technical terms, such as magnitude, velocity, momentum, and vector quantity, are not introduced at this level, but the concept that some quantities need both size and direction to be described is developed.)

Grade Band Endpoints for PS2.B By the end of grade 5. Objects in contact exert forces on each other (friction, elastic pushes and pulls). Electric, magnetic, and gravitational forces between a pair of objects do not require that the objects be in contact—for example, magnets push or pull at a distance. The sizes of the forces in each situation depend on the properties of the objects and their distances apart and, for forces between two magnets, on their orientation relative to each other. The gravitational force of Earth acting on an object near Earth’s surface pulls that object toward the planet’s center.

Grade Band Endpoints for PS2.C By the end of grade 5. A system can change as it moves in one direction (e.g., a ball rolling down a hill), shifts back and forth (e.g., a swinging pendulum), or goes through cyclical patterns (e.g., day and night). Examining how the forces on and within the system change as it moves can help to explain the system’s patterns of change. A system can appear to be unchanging when processes within the system are occurring at opposite but equal rates (e.g., water behind a dam is at a constant height because water is flowing in at the same rate that water is flowing out). Changes can happen very quickly or very slowly and are sometimes hard to see (e.g., plant growth). Conditions and properties of the objects within a system affect how fast or slowly a process occurs (e.g., heat conduction rates).

Grade Band Endpoints for PS3.A By the end of grade 5. The faster a given object is moving, the more energy it possesses. Energy can be moved from place to place by moving objects or through sound, light, or electric currents. (Boundary: At this grade level, no attempt is made to give a precise or complete definition of energy.) Grade Band Endpoints for PS3.B By the end of grade 5. Energy is present whenever there are moving objects,

16 sound, light, or heat. When objects collide, energy can be transferred from one object to another, thereby changing their motion. In such collisions, some energy is typically also transferred to the surrounding air; as a result, the air gets heated and sound is produced.

Light also transfers energy from place to place. For example, energy radiated from the sun is transferred to Earth by light. When this light is absorbed, it warms Earth’s land, air, and water and facilitates plant growth. Energy can also be transferred from place to place by electric currents, which can then be used locally to produce motion, sound, heat, or light. The currents may have been produced to begin with by transforming the energy of motion into electrical energy (e.g., moving water driving a spinning turbine which generates electric currents).

Grade Band Endpoints for PS3.C By the end of grade 5. When objects collide, the contact forces transfer energy so as to change the objects’ motions. Magnets can exert forces on other magnets or on magnetizable materials, causing energy transfer between them (e.g., leading to changes in motion) even when the objects are not touching.

Grade Band Endpoints for PS3.D By the end of grade 5. The expression “produce energy” typically refers to the conversion of stored energy into a desired form for practical use—for example, the stored energy of water behind a dam is released so that it flows downhill and drives a turbine generator to produce electricity. Food and fuel also release energy when they are digested or burned. When machines or animals “use” energy (e.g., to move around), most often the energy is transferred to heat the surrounding environment. The energy released by burning fuel or digesting food was once energy from the sun that was captured by plants in the chemical process that forms plant matter (from air and water). (Boundary: The fact that plants capture energy from sunlight is introduced at this grade level, but details of photosynthesis are not.) It is important to be able to concentrate energy so that it is available for use where and when it is needed. For example, batteries are physically transportable energy storage devices, whereas electricity generated by power plants is transferred from place to place through distribution systems.

Grade Band Endpoints for PS4.A By the end of grade 5. Waves of the same type can differ in amplitude (height of the wave) and wavelength (spacing between wave peaks). Waves can add or cancel one another as they cross, depending on their relative phase (i.e., relative position of peaks and troughs of the waves), but they emerge unaffected by each other. (Boundary: The discussion at this grade level is qualitative only; it can be

17 based on the fact that two different sounds can pass a location in different directions without getting mixed up.) Earthquakes cause seismic waves, which are waves of motion in Earth’s crust.

Grade Band Endpoints for PS4.B By the end of grade 5. A great deal of light travels through space to Earth from the sun and from distant stars. An object can be seen when light reflected from its surface enters the eyes; the color people see depends on the color of the available light sources as well as the properties of the surface. (Boundary: This phenomenon is observed, but no attempt is made to discuss what confers the color reflection and absorption properties on a surface. The stress is on understanding that light traveling from the object to the eye determines what is seen.) Because lenses bend light beams, they can be used, singly or in combination, to provide magnified images of objects too small or too far away to be seen with the naked eye.

Grade Band Endpoints for PS4.C By the end of grade 5. Lenses can be used to make eyeglasses, telescopes, or microscopes in order to extend what can be seen. The design of such instruments is based on understanding how the path of light bends at the surface of a lens. Digitized information (e.g., the pixels of a picture) can be stored for future recovery or transmitted over long distances without significant degradation. High- tech devices, such as computers or cell phones, can receive and decode information—convert it from digitized form to voice—and vice versa.

N E X T G E N E R A T I O N S C I E N C E S T A N D A R D S for E L E M E N T A R Y 3 - 5

Life Science

LS1 Molecules to Organisms: Structures & Processes pp. 19 - 24 LS2 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, & Dynamics pp. 25 - 29 LS3 Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits pp. 29 - 30 LS4 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity pp. 30 - 33

NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp. 34 - 36

Elementary Grades 3 - 5 Life Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

LS1 Molecules to Organisms: Structures & Processes pp. 19 - 24 LS2 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, & Dynamics pp. 25- 29 LS3 Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits pp. 29 - 30 LS4 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity pp. 30 - 33 NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp. 34 - 36

LS1 From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes How do organisms live, grow, respond to their environment, and reproduce?

LS1.A Structures and Function How do the structures of organisms enable life’s function?

• Plants and animals have both internal and external structures that serve various functions in growth, survival, behavior, and reproduction. (4-LS1-1)

NEXT.cc LS1.A Color Flowers and Blood: The Chemical Spectacle of Color Journal Keep a Nature Journal; Maintaining a Laboratory Notebook; The Field Book Project Nanotechnology Hidden Wonders of the Natural World (Excellent for Scale comparisons) Objects Harvard’s Glass Flower Collection (Scientific Models) Plants 4H Children’s Garden, Michigan State University (Incl. Virtual Gardens); Art Plantae: Connecting Naturalists, Artists, and Educators (Incl. Field Journals); Flower tools and Leaf Terminology; Monet’s Water Lilies; Munsell: Plant Tissue Color Charts; Plant Parts; Plant Parts Quiz (Interactive); Plant Structure and Function; Plants and Our Environment Smithsonian Catalogue of Botanical Illustrations; Seed Dispersal Adaptation Scale Ted Ed Making Sense of How Life Fits Together Senses Amazing Animal Senses; BBC Senses Explorations; My Body; Seeing at the Exploratorium; Seeing at the Exploratorium (Click on Ideas: Looking at the Moon); Neuroscience for Kids (The Senses); Five Senses Lesson Plans; Sensory Pathways

20 – Your Brain Map; Our Sense of Touch; Make an Artificial Eye, National Geographic; How Do We Smell? TED Ed Video Sketching Drawing Children into Reading, with Drawing Research Symbols Niki Simpson Botanical Symbols

Animals American Library Assoc. Animal Websites; Exploring Nature Animals: Class, Habitat, Trait, Location; Science News: Animal Articles; Kids Biology: Animal Database (Also see Human Biology); National Geographic: Animals and Pets; Interesting Animals; Video Animals With and Without Backbones; Video 20 Largest Animals of All Time; Video Bones Give Animals Their Shape Biomimicry *Activity 2 – Shelter by Nature; BEN Biomimicry Educators Network (Biomimicry Youth Challenge); Biomimicry 3.8 (Enter, for example, grow or protect in the Ask Nature Search Box); Discovery World Biomimicry; Michael Palyn: Using Nature’s Genius in Architecture TED Talk; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Birds Parts of a Bird; Cornell Lab of Ornithology (Incl. Birds Songs); National Geographic on Birds; 10,000 Birds; Audubon Online Bird Guide; Ask a Biologist: Bird Finder Ergonomics Grasp Pendulum Medical Technology Center Berlin; Ergonomic Design (REMS) Fish Fish and Aquatic News; National Geographic Fish; Fish Database; Fish FAQ; The language Secret Life of Plankton TED Ed; Ichthyology Florida Museum of Natural History; Gyotau: The Ancient Japanese Art of Printing Fish TED Ed (Documenting Fish Characteristics Before Photography) Insects Encyclopedia of Life: Insects; Smithsonian Department of Entomology Insects.org; Insects: Arthropods; Antweb (Including Field Guide); The Hidden Life of Ants: Organization, Shelter, Communication; Insect Stamps (Art Connection) Loathsome, Lethal Mosquito ; Austin’s Butterfly, Expeditionary Learning Video TED Ed Video; 4H Children’s Garden, Michigan State University Bug Day Nature Patterns Fresh Water Snails; Nautilus Shells; Anatomy of a Bee Hive Structure Structure of a Tree; Structure of the Body (Incl. Skeletal, Digestive, Circulatory, and other Systems) Tree Identification Activity Two: Diagram Your Friend the Tree (Including links to Two ThinkQuest activities, National Tree Benefit Calculator, Sequoias National Park, Measuring Guidelines, and Art of Bonsai); All About Trees; Life of a Tree; Tree Identification by Leaf, Fruit, or Name; How To Draw A Tree; Dichotomous Tree Key; Leaf Tree Identification Cards

21st Century Learning e-Learning (Science: Blood Circulation; Plant Cell); Spongelab (Science Content for Life Science Subtopics) Buildings as Bodies Crickweb K2 Science Moving and Growing: Label a Skeleton (Human, Horse, Fish, Ant; Also see Key Stage 1 Science Body Parts, Plant Labels); Video Pop Up Systems of the Body Coral Reefs Ecology 180: This Is Coral Video; Take a Coral Reef Scuba Diving Adventure; Coral Reef Game; National Geographic Coral Reefs discovery Evolution Ask a Biologist (Select Upper Elem. & Life for all subtopics for Upper Elem. Life Science; Also see Games and Simulations) Germs Ask a Biologist: Bacteria; What Are Germs?; Ask a Biologist: Bacteria Oceans Project Wild Aquatics (In Step with STEM: Fashion a Fish – Build a Fish Electronically) Smithsonian Ocean Portal Prairies What Is A Prairie? (See Plants and Animals that Live in the Prairies);

21 Grasslands of the World Plants and Animals; Prairie Plant Directory Solar System How Astronauts are Affected by Space Travel Interactive Vermiculture Activity 2: Diagram a Worm; Adventures of Herman; Worm World (Discovery Kids Incl. Anatomy of a Worm) Wood Wood Magic; Define Outer Bark, Inner Bark, Cambium Cell Layer, Sapwood, Heartwood; What Is Wood? Royal Forest Society

design

LS1.B Growth and Development of Organisms How do organisms grow and develop?

• Reproduction is essential to the continued existence of every kind of organism. Plants and animals have unique and diverse life cycles. (3-LS1-1)

NEXT.cc LS1.B Plants 4H Children’s Garden, Michigan State University (Virtual Gardens); Art Plantae: Connecting Naturalists, Artists, and Educators (Search Reproduction); ITSI Virtual Greenhouse; Plants and Our Environment (Pollination); Plant Structure and Function; tools Plant Structures (Also see link to “Ultimate Web Pages about Dendrochronology” – The study of Tree Rings); Video Flowers, Seeds, and the Life Cycle; Video Plants and Their Seeds; Animals The Embryo Encyclopedia; Which Came First? Chicken or Egg? Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, reproduction for growth in Search Box) Birds How an Egg Becomes a Baby Penguin – BBC Animal Videos; The Genius of Birds – Embryo to High Flier Ergonomics Ergonomic Design (REMS) Fish The Secret Life of Plankton TED Ed Insects Adopt a Butterfly; Antweb (Including Field Guide); The Hidden Life of Ants: language Organization, Shelter, Communication; Life [cycle] of a Praying Mantis; Honeybees and Hexagons TED Ed Video; The Case of the Vanishing Honeybees TED Ed Video Nature Patterns Nature Pattern Theme Park (Incl. beehive, webs and cocoons, termite mounds); Spider Webs; Anatomy of a Bee Hive Systems Thinking EPA Climate Change Impact on Ecosystems (Changes in Timing of Seasonal Life-Cycle Events) Tree Identification Life of a Tree; Tree Interaction with History; How to Plant a Tree; Tree Identification by Fruit; Fruit Trees 101; Buildings as Bodies Crickweb KS2 Science (See Life Cycles) Coral Reefs Ecology 180: This Is Coral Video Growing Food Vegetable Grow Guides; Lifelab: Science Garden Explorations discovery Prairie What Is A Prairie? (See Plants and Animals that Live in the Prairies – Prairie Chicken); Grasslands of the World Plants and Animals Vermiculture Worm Hatching from a Worm Egg Video Wood Wood Magic (How A Tree Grows); Tree Anatomy Download (Incl. Growth) design

22 LS1.C Organization for Matter and Energy Flow in Organisms How do organisms obtain and use the matter and energy they need to live and grow?

• Food provides animals with the materials they need for body repair and growth and the energy they need to maintain body warmth and for motion. (Secondary to 5-PS3- 1) • Plants acquire their material for growth chiefly from air and water. (5-LS1-1)

NEXT.cc LS1.C Air Breathing Easy on the Space Station; Air What Is Air? (Incl. In the Greenhouse: The Warming Greenhouse - The Sun Makes It Possible) Animals Food Chains Birds TED-Ed Bird Migration - A Perilous Journey Food Producers and Consumers (Also See Biochemistry); The Edible School Yard; Ocean Food Web by Pearson; Human vs. Natural Food Chains; Producers and tools Consumers Plants Activity Two – Photosynthesis Link; Simple Story of Photosynthesis and Food Video; Plant Structure and Function; Photosynthesis and Fossil Fuels; Fall Leaf Color Water Waterlife; Water Food Energy Nexus; Natural History Museum H2O Exhibit; Global Fresh Water Supply; Water; Our Future Earth: Water; Ground Water and Drinking Water: Expert’s Guide Animals Food Chain Game Artificial Light Lighting Tales Artificial Light Comes from the Sun Growing Food Lifelab Science Garden Explorations; Grow a Herb Garden; Vegetable language Grow Guides Insects Should We Eat Bugs? Tree Identification National Tree Benefit Calculator 21st Century Learning e-learning (Science: Grade 3 Plants and Photosynthesis) Earth The Habitable Planet (Ecosystems, incl. Energy Flow and Biochemical Cycling) Germs Ask a Biologist: Bacteria discovery Oceans Oceans Discover Water Project (Interactive) Prairies National Grasslands; What Is a Prairie?; Explore Prairies Vermiculture Worms Crawl In and Worms Crawl Out (Vermicomposting) Wood Tree Anatomy Download (Incl. Photosynthesis) Aquaponics Growing Power Aquaponics System; Goldfish Aquaponics; What Is design Aquaponics? Great Lakes Fish of the Great Lakes

LS1.D Information Processing How do organisms detect, process, and use information about the environment?

• Different sense receptors are specialized for particular kinds of information, which may be then processed by the animal’s brain. Animals are able to use their perceptions and memories to guide their actions. (4-LS1-2)

NEXT.cc LS1.D tools Color Brainpickings: Joseph Albers on Color; Guide to Understanding Color

23 Communication; Online Color Challenge; PBS: Hans Hoffman Interactive Color Study Natural Light Lighting Tales (Teacher Resource with Image of Human Eye); Light Bends: San Francisco Exploratorium Listening Audio Pong Interactive; Exploratorium Listening Memory Game; Exploratorium Listening to Music; Exploratorium’s Listen to Nature Activities (Activity 2); Hear Here! Story Book pdf; Neuroscience for Kids Experiments (K-12); Online Audiogram Hearing Test; TED Five Ways to Listen Better; Your Ears Senses 3m.Com/Hearing (Excel file listing 1,700 sounds with a decibel rating on each); ArcGIS Online (Sensory Map Your World); Exploratorium Blindfolded Walk; My Body; Seeing at the Exploratorium; Optical Illusions; Neuroscience for Kids; Sense of Sight; Five Senses Lesson Plans; Our Sense of Touch; Human Body Senses Challenge; Anatomy of the Eye (For 4-LS1-2, Use a Model); Make a Artificial Eye National Geographic; How Do We Smell? Ted Ed Video; BBC Senses Exploration; Amazing Animal Senses; Persistence of Vision: San Francisco Exploratorium; How We Taste: San Francisco Exploratorium; Perception Science Projects (short interactive investigations of perception): San Francisco Exploratorium); Preventing noise-induced hearing loss in 8-12 year olds. Shading Colored Shadow: San Francisco Exploratorium Animals Documentary: How Dolphins Communicate; Interesting Animals; Listen to Forest Elephants (Incl. The Secret Language of Elephants); Animal Bioacoustics (with many links); Why Elephants Never Forget Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter Communicate in Search Box); BEN Biomimicry Blog (Fox’s Sixth Sense); The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Birds Cornell Lab of Ornithology (Incl. Birds Songs); Exploratorium Distinguishing Bird Calls Climate Spectrix: A GOES-R Imager Game: Color & Climate Data Fish Fish FAQ Insects; TED Ed David Gallo Underwater Astonishments (Bioluminescence) Insects The Hidden Life of Ants: Organization, Shelter, Communication; ITSI Insect Sensors; International Society of Neuroethology; Jayne Yack Insect Neuroethology Lab; Honeybees and Hexagons TED Ed Nature Patterns Anatomy of a Bee Hive (Incl. Communication); Wallovers (Interactive language Mac OSX requires Download) Optics Optic Simulations; Optical Illusions Sound Animal Bioacoustics; Acoustic Ecology; app: spectrum analyzer (For Android); app: spectrum view (sound decibel & frequency data capture); Explore Sound: The Science of Acoustics; Dallas Symphony Orchestra For Kids; Discovery of Sound In The Sea; Echolocation for [Human] Navigation; Exploratorium Making Sense of Sound; Human Hearing Range; Interactive Sound Activities Primary Physical Science (Through Elementary Grades, incl. National Institute of Health Resources, Lesson Plans, Teacher Resources); Julian Treasure: Why Architects Need to Use Their Ears Noise Pollution Standards; NPS Sound Maps of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Also Spectrograms and Recordings from the National Park Service); Jayne Yack Insect Neuroethology Lab; Sensitivity of Human Sound; Sound Lessons; Speech Banana Sound Chart; The Coolest Things Sound Waves Do; Why Architects Need to Use Their Ears Temperature Sensing Temperature Buildings as Bodies Neuroscience for Kids discovery Solar System How Astronauts are Affected by Space Travel Interactive Animation Animation Basics TED Ed Video (Optical Processing) design

Elementary Grades 3 - 5 Life Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

LS2 Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics How and why do organisms interact with their environment and what are the effects of these interactions?

LS2.A Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems How do organisms interact with the living and nonliving environments to obtain matter and energy?

• The food of almost any kind of animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants. Some organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, break down dead organisms (both plants or plants parts and animals) and therefore operate as “decomposers.” Decomposition eventually restores (recycles) some materials back to the soil. Organisms can survive only in environments in which their particular needs are met. A healthy ecosystem is one in which multiple species of different types are each able to meet their needs in a relatively stable web of life. Newly introduced species can damage the balance of an ecosystem. (5-LS2-1)

NEXT.cc LS2.A

Air Breathing Easy on the Space Station; What Is Air? (Incl. In the Greenhouse: What Is Climate; The Warming Greenhouse – The Sun Makes It Possible) Collaboration (Under Construction) Encyclopedia of Life Video (See Tell Me More: What Is an Invasive Species? What Is an Indicator Species?) Food Water Fuel Energy Nexus; Producers and Consumers; Ocean Web by Pearson; Food Cycle Song; Human vs. Natural Food Cycle Journal Keep a Nature Journal; The Field Book Project Maps Worldmapper (See, for example, mapped displays of depletion, pollution, statistics for Food, etc.) Plants Activity Two – Photosynthesis Link; 4-H Children’s Garden, Michigan State Tools University; Ecoregions of the World; Exploring Nature: Field Study Seed Dispersal; ITSI Virtual Greenhouse; ITSI Decomposition of Plants (interactive); Munsell Soil Color Charts; Native Plant Database; Plant Nutrition Games; Planting Sceince; Seed Dispersal Adaptation; The Simple Story of Photosynthesis and Food; USDA Plant Data Base Soil Underground Adventure; Geology for Kids (incl. Lithosphere Facts); Soiled Again; Soil Types and Testing; Soil Net UK; Twelve Orders of Soil Taxonomy; The Soil Solution Film Preview; The Dirt on Soil: Discovery Learning; USDA Soil Infographics Water Waterlife; Global Fresh Water Supply; Natural History Museum H2O Exhibit; Water Food Energy Nexus

25 Waves Tired Travelers: NASA Radar Teaches Us about Bird Migration Words NGSS Flash Card for Fifth Grade Science Vocabulary (All areas) Animals Biology: Critters, Critters Everywhere; Exploring Nature: Animals in Winter; Exploring Nature: Animal Tracking (Observation vs. Inference Activity); Exploring Nature: Winter Adaptations; Food Chain Game; Kids Biology: Animal Database; Food Chains; Project Wild: Sustaining Wildlife; Rewilding Our World TED Ed Video Biomimicry Biomimicry Ask Nature (Entering the following terms and others in the Search Box returns examples of systems interaction: symbiosis, spread seeds, disperse light, disperse heat, etc.) Birds Murmurations (Video of Starlings); Explore the World of Birds Video; TED-Ed Bird Migration – A Perilous Journey; Energy Energy (Where Do We Get Energy From?); Forms of Energy (Energy Basics, Science Fair Experiments) Fish Fish and Aquatic News; Fish Database; Global Fisheries; National Geographic Fish (Incl. links to Oceans) Insects E.O. Wilson, TED Talk; Loathsome, Lethal Mosquito TED Ed Video; Google language Map of Ants; Honeybees and Hexagons TED Ed Video; The Case of the Vanishing Honeybees TED Ed Video; Should We Eat Bugs? Insects The Case of the Vanishing Honeybees TED Ed Video Nature Patterns Spider Webs Precipitation Precipitation in the Water Cycle: USGS Systems Thinking MacArthur Foundation Changing Living Systems to a Circular Economy Video; Systems Thinking in Action STIA (incl. Insight Maker! (Create Free Account; Search Find Insights, e.g., Isle Royale: Predator Prey Relations; Food Chain, or create your own model or simulation); Waters Foundation Systems Thinking (Resources: The Bean Game: Exploring Human Interactions with Natural Resources; many additional student and teacher resources) Tree Identification Tree Interaction with History

Air Quality Air Now (Real time data) Biomes Kids Do Ecology: Biomes; K4 Climate Zones + Biomes Buildings as Bodies Crickweb KS2 Science (See Food Chains; Habitats) Cartoons Exploring Nature: Seed Dispersal Comics Coral Reef Take a Coral Reef Scuba Dive; Coral Reef Games; National Geographic Coral Reefs; Smithsonian Coral Gardens of the Deep Sea; EPA Coral Reef Protection Earth The Habitable Planet (Incl. Ecosystems, Oceans); K4 Visit an Earth System’s Museum (Earth Floor – Diversity; Adaptation); World Population Forests Green Facts; WWF Forest Habitats; WWF Where Are the Rain discovery Forests? Oceans Project Wild Aquatics (In Step with STEM: Fashion a Fish – Build a Fish Electronically; Also see Make an Underwater Viewer); Smithsonian Ocean Portal; Oceanography (Comprehensive); Dr. Sylvia Earle: “Explore the Antarctic” Video; NASA Physical Ocean (Also Oceans and Earth Systems and Living Ocean); Deep Ocean Mysteries and Wonders; Oceans Discover Water Project (Interactive); Google Earth Explore the Ocean with Sylvia Earle; Ocean Literacy Principles Prairie Plants in Prairie Communities Vermiculture Worms Crawl In and Worms Crawl Out (Vermicomposting)

Aquaponics Goldfish Aquaponics ; Fish + Food = Science of Aquaponics Project design Great Lakes Fish of the Great Lakes; Great Lakes Literacy Principles (#5 Diversity of

26 Life and Ecosystems) Landscape Jungle Design

LS2.B Cycle of Matter and Energy Transfer in Ecosystems How do matter and energy move through an ecosystem?

• Matter cycles between the air and soil and among plants, animals, and microbes as these organisms live and die. Organisms obtain gases, and water, from the environment, and release waste matter (gas, liquid, or solid) back into the environment. (5-LS2-1)

NEXT.cc LS2.B Air Breathing Easy on the Space Station; What is Air? (Incl. In the Greenhouse: The Warming Greenhouse – The Sun makes It Possible) Food Water Fuel Energy Nexus, Play the Food Chain Game; Human vs. Natural Food Chains (Incl. Bio Geo Chemical Cycles) Producers and Consumers (Also See Biochemistry) tools Plants Photosynthesis and Fossil Fuels; Ecoregions of the World Plant Nutrition Game Soil Underground Adventure; Geology for Kids (incl. Lithosphere Facts); Soiled Again; Soil Types and Testing; Soil Net UK; Twelve Orders of Soil Taxonomy; The Soil Solution Film Preview; The Dirt on Soil: Discovery Learning Water Ground Water and Drinking Water: Expert’s Guide Adobe Arcosanti and Cosanti Animals Food Chain; Rewilding Our World TED Ed Video Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, cycle nutrients or cycle energy in Search Box language Clouds Hydrological Cycle Energy Energy (Where Do We Get Energy From?); Forms of Energy (Energy Basics, Science Fair Experiments);The Energy Story; Energy Explained: EIA Energy Information; Energy Quiz (There are two.); Water, Fuel, Energy Nexus; Energy Quiz Exon Mobile; Should We Eat Bugs? Buildings as Bodies Crickweb KS2 Science (Habitats) Earth The Habitable Planet (Ecosystems, incl. Energy Flow and Biochemical Cycling and Oceans, incl. The Biological Pump) Earth Day Footprint Quiz discovery Rain Kids Geo Rain (See Biosphere- Energy, Hydrologic, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Cycles)

Aquaponics Fish + Food= Science of Aquaponics Project design Green Cities ESSEA Carbon City

LS2.C Ecosystem Dynamics, Functioning, and Resilience What happens to ecosystems when the environment changes?

• When the environment changes in ways that affect a place’s physical characteristics, temperature, or availability of resources, some organisms survive and reproduce, others move to new locations, yet others move into the transformed environment, and some die. (secondary to 3-LS4-4)

NEXT.cc LS2.C Air What is Air Pollution? (Includes link to real-time air quality index searchable by zip code) Collaboration (Under Construction) Encyclopedia of Life Video (See Tell Me More: What Is Biodiversity? What Is an Invasive Species? What Is an Indicator Species?) Food Our Future Earth: Food; Water Fuel Energy Nexus; Food Think Apps (Connection to PS4. C Information Technologies and Instrumentation) Land Terra Firma: From Land to Green Roofs tools Maps Worldmapper (See, for example, mapped displays of depletion, pollution, etc.) Plants Ecoregions of the World; Plant Databases; USDA Native Plant Database; Invasive Plants Water Harvard Water Security Initiative; Waterlife; Water Food Energy Nexus; Natural History Museum H2O Exhibit; Global Fresh Water Supply; Our Future Earth: Water; Water Resource Maps; Urban Lab Growing Water; EPA Climate Impact on Weather; Discover Water: The Role of Water in Our Lives

Adobe Arcosanti and Cosanti Animals American Library Assoc. Animal Websites (Incl. Exploring Nature); Maua Lin’s What Is Missing? Rewilding Our World RED Ed Video Birds Explore the World of Birds and Biodiversity Climate Cité Science Understanding Climate Change; Climate Change (National Science Foundation); Understanding Climate Change; NASA Global Climate Change; Camel Climate Change e-Learning language Energy Water Food Energy Nexus; Black Balloon Greenhouse Gas Movie Grass Grass Base – Online World Grass Flora Insects Encyclopedia of Life (Including What Is an Indicator Species?); Smithsonian Department of Entomology (Also search “ecosystem”); Google Map of Ants; Project Noah Arthropods (Citizen Science) Systems Thinking MacArthur Foundation Changing Living Systems to A Circular Economy Video; Waters Foundation Systems: Thinking (Teacher Resource)

Biomes K-4 Climate Zones + Biomes Coral Reefs Take a Coral Reef Scuba Diving Adventure; Coral Reef Games; Conserving Our Spectacular, Vulnerable Coral Reefs; EPA Coral Reef Protection Earth If Earth Were an Apple; Habitable Planet (incl. Ecosystems, Biodiversity Declines) K4 Visit an Earth System’s Museum (Earth Floor Diversity; Adaptation) Forests Green Facts Biological Diversity; WWF Forest Habitats; WWF Where Are the Rain Forests? Project Learning Tree Research: Forests Around the World Germs Germ Wars Video discovery Oceans Smithsonian Ocean Portal; NASA Physical Ocean (Also Oceans and Earth Systems and Living Ocean); Deep Ocean Mysteries and Wonders; Ocean Literacy Principles; Google Earth Explore the Ocean with Sylvia Earle; Understanding Sea Level Using Real Data; National Geographic Rising Seas Interactive Map Acoustic Ecology: Sound in Our Oceans Prairies National Grasslands; What Is a Prairie?; World Grassland Map; North American Prairies; Explore Prairies

Aquaponics Exploring US Aquaculture NOAA Video Permaculture design Eating Local Permaculture Green Cities ESSEA Carbon City, Carbon Footprint

LS2.D Social Interactions and Group Behavior How do organisms interact in groups so as to benefit individuals?

• Being part of a group helps animals obtain food, defend themselves, and cope with changes. Groups may serve different functions and vary dramatically in size • (Note: Moved from K–2). (3-LS2-1) NEXT.cc LS2.D Collaboration (Under Construction) Encyclopedia of Life Video [and website, including tools Biodiversity Articles] Plants Ecoregions of the World Food Culture The Meaning of Food Insects Antweb (Including Field Guide); The Hidden Life of Ants: Organization, Shelter, language Communication; Google Map of Ants: Honeybees and Hexagons Nature Patterns Nature Pattern Theme Park (Incl. beehive, webs and cocoons, termite mounds); Spider Webs; Anatomy of a Bee Hive discovery design

LS3 Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits How do living organisms pass traits from one generation to the next?

LS3.A Inheritance of Traits How are the characteristics of one generation related to the previous generation?

• Many characteristics of organisms are inherited from their parents. (3-LS3-1) • Other characteristics result from individuals’ interactions with the environment, which can range from diet to learning. Many characteristics involve both inheritance and environment. (3- LS3-2)

NEXT.cc LS3.A Collaboration (Under Construction) Encyclopedia of Life Video (See Trait Bank; Also tools See Tell Me More: What Is A Model Organism) Nanotechnology DNA Zoom Animals Exploring Nature Animals: Class, Habitat, Trait, Location; Kids Biology: Animal Database (Use Search Box for traits, inherit, genetics, etc.) Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, vary genetic traits, and vary inherited traits in Search Box) Birds Are Birds really Dinosaurs; American Museum of Natural History: Family Tree of language Birds; Audubon Bird Families (Click on Family) Family Tree Family History Begins at Home; Beginning Genealogy Experience Design Graphic Thought Facility (See Exhibition Science Museum Who Am I) Insects Insect Orders; Honeybees and Hexagons TED Ed discovery Earth K4 Visit an Earth System’s Museum (Earth Floor Diversity- Genetic Diversity)

29 Evolution Endless Forms Most Beautiful (Lecture on Darwin, Teacher Resource); Learn Genetics; Stickleback Evolution Virtual Lab; Teach Genetics; The Human Genome Project; Understanding Evolution Self Portrait Video - 7 Billion: Are You Typical? design

LS3.B Variation of Traits Why do individuals of the same species vary in how they look, function, and behave?

• Different organisms vary in how they look and function because they have different inherited information. (3-LS3-1) • The environment also affects the traits that an organism develops. (3-LS3-2)

NEXT.cc LS3.B Collaboration Encyclopedia of Life Video and Website (Search Trait Bank; Also See tools Tell Me More: What Is A Species? How Are Species Discovered? How Are Species Named? What Is Biological Classification?) Animals Exploring Nature Animals: Class, Habitat, Trait, Location; Kids Biology: Animal Database (Use Search Box for traits, species etc.) Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, vary species traits in Search language Box) Birds Ask a Biologist: Bird Finder Categories Grouping Game (Also see Variation); Integrated Taxonomic Information Insects Encyclopedia of Life (Trait Bank) 21st Century Learning e-learning (Science: Six Types of Animals) Buildings as Bodies Crickweb KS2 Science (See Variation, Minibeast Classification) Earth K4 Visit an Earth System’s Museum (Earth Floor: Diversity- Species Diversity; discovery Also See Resource Room: Walking with Dinosaurs) Evolution Fossils, Genes, and Embryos; Learn Genetics; Teach Genetics; The Human Genome Project; Understanding Evolution Oceans Activity 2 Ocean Animal Game (Interactive) design

LS4 Biological Evolution: Unity and Diversity How can there be so many similarities among organisms yet so many different kinds of plants, animals, and microorganisms? How does biodiversity affect humans?

LS4.A Evidence of Common Ancestry and Diversity What evidence shows that different species are related?

• Some kinds of plants and animals that once lived on Earth are no longer found anywhere. (Note: moved from K-2) (3-LS4-1)

30 • Fossils provide evidence about the types of organisms that lived long ago and also about the nature of their environments. (3-LS4-1)

NEXT.cc LS4.A tools Collaboration Encyclopedia of Life (See Tell Me More: What Is Biodiversity?) Animals Kids Biology: Animal Database (Use Search Box for fossils, common descent, language etc.) Biomimicry Evolution of Life in 60 Seconds Earth Habitable Planet (incl. Biodiversity Declines); K4 Visit an Earth System’s Museum (Resource Room: UCMP – Phylogeny; Also See Explorations through Time) discovery Evolution Biomimicry Guild Evolution Game; Fossils, Genes, and Embryos; Learn Genetics; Teach Genetics; The Human Genome Project (See Genes, Variation, and Human History); Understanding Evolution design Information Architecture Best Infographics (Search evolution)

LS4.B Natural Selection How does genetic variation among organisms affect survival and reproduction?

• Sometimes the differences in characteristics between individuals of the same species provide advantages in surviving, finding mates, and reproducing. (3-LS4-2)

NEXT.cc LS4.B tools Animals Science News: Animal Articles; Kids Biology: Animal Database (Use Search Box for natural selection, etc.) language Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, vary genetic traits in Search Box) Insects The Case of the Vanishing Honeybees TEDEd Video Earth The Habitable Planet (Ecosystems – Evolution and Natural Selection Ecosystems) discovery Evolution Biomimicry Guild Evolution Game; Fossils, Genes, and Embryos; Learn Genetics; Stickleback Evolution Virtual Lab; Teach Genetics; The Human Genome Project (See Genes, Variation, and Human History); Understanding Evolution design

Adaptation LS4.C How does the environment influence populations of organisms over multiple generations?

• For any particular environment, some kinds of organisms survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all. (3-LS4-3)

NEXT.cc LS4.C tools Soil The Soil Solution Film Preview language Animals Science News: Animal Articles

31 Biomimicry Evolution of Life in Sixty Seconds; Discovery World Biomimicry; E.O. Wilson Biophilia; Michael Palyn: Using Nature’s Genius in Architecture TED Talk; Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, adapt, environment in Search Box) Fish Icthology Florida Museum of Natural History (How Fish Use Adaptations) Insects The Case of the Vanishing Honeybees TEDEd Video Biomes Encyclopedia (Incl. Trait Bank) Earth The Habitable Planet (Human Population Dynamics) Evolution Biomimicry Guild Evolution Game; Stickleback Evolution Virtual Lab; Pocket discovery Mouse Evolution (Excellent short simulation of population change in response to environment); Fossils, Genes, and Embryos; Learn Genetics; Teach Genetics; The Human Genome Project (See Genes, Variation, and Human History); Understanding Evolution design

LS4.D Biodiversity in Humans What is biodiversity, how do humans affect it, and how does it affect humans? • Populations live in a variety of habitats, and change in those habitats affects the organisms living there. (3-LS4-4)

NEXT.cc LS4.D Air What is Air Pollution? (Includes link to real-time air quality index searchable by zip code) Collaboration Encyclopedia of Life Video [Incl. Biodiversity Articles] Maps The Green Map Project tools Plants Ecoregions of the World; Plant Databases; USDA Native Plant Database; Chelsea Physic Garden Water Waterlife; Waterlife Movie Trailer; Water Food Energy Nexus; Natural History Museum H2O Exhibit; Global fresh Water Supply; Our Future Earth: Water Animals Project Noah (Citizen Science); Maua Lin’s What Is Missing?; National Geographic: Animals and Pets (Incl. Habitats); Rewilding Our World TED Ed Video Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter biodiversity in Search box) Birds National Geographic on Birds (Incl. Extinction); 10,000 Birds (See Conservation); All About Birds Game; Bird Sleuth (Citizen Science for Kids); World Wildlife Fund; Audubon Online Bird Guide Fish Fish and Aquatic News (Incl. “How Many Fish in the Sea?”); How I Fell in Love with a Fish (Sustainability); Global Fisheries; Global Fisheries and Aquaculture; EPA Fish Kids; Project Noah Fish (Citizen Science); Fish in the Sea 1900, 2000; James language Prosek Art + Conservation; Patagonia World Trout Initiative; Gyotau: The Ancient Japanese Art of Printing FishTED Ed (Doc.Fish Characteristics Before Photography) Grass Native Grass Lawns Insects E.O. Wilson TED Talk (Encyclopedia of Life); Google Map of Ants; Project Noah Anthropods (Citizen Science); Loathsome, Lethal Mosquito TED Ed Video; The Case of the Vanishing Honeybees TED Ed Video Systems Thinking MacArthur Foundation Changing Living Systems to A Circular Economy Video; Waters Foundation Systems: Thinking (Teacher Resource) Tree Identification Where Are Our Forests? Water Quality Water for the Ages (Aggregates 80 Water-related sites); Life Straw Video; The Water Project

32 Biomes Biome Conservation; Discovery Channel Planet Earth Game Coral Reef EPA Coral Reef Protection; Beautiful Math of Coral Reefs; TED Ed (Math and Art Connection); Conserving Our Spectacular Vulnerable Coral Reefs – TED Ed Earth The Habitable Planet (Biodiversity Decline) Evolution Learn Genetics; Teach Genetics; Understanding Evolution Forests Deforestation: What Is Missing? By Maya Lin; Green Facts Biological Diversity; WF Where Are the Rain Forests? Urban Forests discovery Oceans Cousteau Society Custodians of the Sea (Incl. Cousteau Kids); Oceanography (Comprehensive); Save My Oceans (Disney) Rivers Protecting River Resources; Our Nation’s Rivers: A System on the Edge Sound Mapping NOAA Cetacean & Sound Mapping (Evaluate the impacts of human- induced noise on cetacean species) Vermiculture Put Worms to Work; Vermicomposting: How Worms Can Reduce Our Waste TED Ed Video Wood The Future of Wood design

Elementary Grades 3 - 5 Life Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

Each Disciplinary Core Idea is followed by an indicator for the Performance Expectation linked to it, e.g., (4-LS1-1) indicates that the preceding DCI is addressed in the Fourth Grade Performance Expectation for Life Science LS1.A Structures and Function. All Performance Expectations and DCIs can be found at www.nextgenscience.org

Grade Band Endpoints for Life Science are published in A Framework for K-12 Science education: Practice., Crosscutting Concepts, and Core ideas. National Research Council. A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13165

Grade Band Endpoints for LS1.A By the end of grade 5. Plants and animals have both internal and external structures that serve various functions in growth, survival, behavior, and reproduction. (Boundary: Stress at this grade level is on understanding the macroscale systems and their function, not microscopic processes.) (National Research Council. A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012, p. 144)

Grade Band Endpoints for LS1.B By the end of grade 5. Reproduction is essential to the continued existence of every kind of organism. Plants and animals have unique and diverse life cycles that include being born (sprouting in plants), growing, developing into adults, reproducing, and eventually dying.

Grade Band Endpoints for LS1.C By the end of grade 5. Animals and plants alike generally need to take in air and water, animals must take in food, and plants need light and minerals; anaerobic life, such as bacteria in the gut, functions without air. Food provides animals with the materials they need for body repair and growth and is digested to release the energy they need to maintain body warmth and for motion. Plants acquire their material for growth chiefly from air and water and process matter they have formed to maintain their internal conditions (e.g., at night).

Grade Band Endpoints for LS1.D By the end of grade 5. Different sense receptors are specialized for particular kinds of information, which may then be processed and integrated by an animal’s brain, with some information stored as memories. Animals are able to use their perceptions and memories to guide their actions. Some responses to information

34 are instinctive—that is, animals’ brains are organized so that they do not have to think about how to respond to certain stimuli.

Grade Band Endpoints for LS2.A By the end of grade 5. The food of almost any kind of animal can be traced back to plants. Organisms are related in food webs in which some animals eat plants for food and other animals eat the animals that eat plants. Either way, they are “consumers.” Some organisms, such as fungi and bacteria, break down dead organisms (both plants or plants parts and animals) and therefore operate as “decomposers.” Decomposition eventually restores (recycles) some materials back to the soil for plants to use. Organisms can survive only in environments in which their particular needs are met. A healthy ecosystem is one in which multiple species of different types are each able to meet their needs in a relatively stable web of life. Newly introduced species can damage the balance of an ecosystem.

Grade Band Endpoints for LS2.B By the end of grade 5. Matter cycles between the air and soil and among plants, animals, and microbes as these organisms live and die. Organisms obtain gases, water, and minerals from the environment and release waste matter (gas, liquid, or solid) back into the environment.

Grade Band Endpoints for LS2.C By the end of grade 5. When the environment changes in ways that affect a place’s physical characteristics, temperature, or availability of resources, some organisms survive and reproduce, others move to new locations, yet others move into the transformed environment, and some die. Grade Band Endpoints for LS2.D By the end of grade 5. Groups can be collections of equal individuals, hierarchies with dominant members, small families, groups of single or mixed gender, or groups composed of individuals similar in age. Some groups are stable over long periods of time; others are fluid, with members moving in and out. Some groups assign specialized tasks to each member; in others, all members perform the same or a similar range of functions.

Grade Band Endpoints for LS3.A By the end of grade 5. Many characteristics of organisms are inherited from their parents. Other characteristics result from individuals’ interactions with the environment, which can range from diet to learning. Many characteristics involve both inheritance and environment.

Grade Band Endpoints for LS3.B By the end of grade 5. Offspring acquire a mix of traits from their biological parents. Different organisms vary in how they look and function because they

35 have different inherited information. In each kind of organism there is variation in the traits themselves, and different kinds of organisms may have different versions of the trait. The environment also affects the traits that an organism develops—differences in where they grow or in the food they consume may cause organisms that are related to end up looking or behaving differently.

Grade Band Endpoints for LS4.A By the end of grade 5. Fossils provide evidence about the types of organisms (both visible and microscopic) that lived long ago and also about the nature of their environments. Fossils can be compared with one another and to living organisms according to their similarities and differences.

Grade Band Endpoints for LS4.B By the end of grade 5. Sometimes the differences in characteristics between individuals of the same species provide advantages in surviving, finding mates, and reproducing.

Grade Band Endpoints for LS4.C By the end of grade 5. Changes in an organism’s habitat are sometimes beneficial to it and sometimes harmful. For any particular environment, some kinds of organisms survive well, some survive less well, and some cannot survive at all.

Grade Band Endpoints for LS4.D By the end of grade 5. Scientists have identified and classified many plants and animals. Populations of organisms live in a variety of habitats, and change in those habitats affects the organisms living there. Humans, like all other organisms, obtain living and nonliving resources from their environments.

N E X T G E N E R A T I O N S C I E N C E S T A N D A R D S for E L E M E N T A R Y 3 - 5

Earth and Space Science ESS1 Earth’s Place in the Universe pp. 37 - 40 ESS2 Earth’s Systems pp. 41 - 47 ESS3 Earth and Human Activity pp. 48 - 53

NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp. 54 - 56

37 Elementary Grades 3-5 Earth & Space ESS Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas 2014

NEXT.cc offers TOOLS, LANGUAGE, DISCOVERY and DESIGN journeys that support exploration and teaching of Next Generation Science Standards. Journeys are listed by category and name and pertinent explore links supporting the integrative activities offer CONNECTed project based learning experiences for students and teachers.

ESS1 Earth’s Place in the Universe pp. 37 - 40 ESS2 Earth’s Systems pp. 41 - 47 ESS3 Earth and Human Activity pp. 48 - 53

NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp. 54 - 57

ESS1 Earth’s Place in the Universe What is the universe, and what is Earth’s place in it?

ESS1.A The Universe and its Stars What is the universe, and what goes on in stars?

• The sun is a star that appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is closer. Stars range greatly in their distance from Earth. (5-ESS1-1) NEXT.cc ESS1.A Measure Measures of the Planets; Planetary Distance from the Sun Scale American History Museum: The Known Universe Video (Mapping Earth from Astronomical Observations); Astronomy Picture of the Day; Playing Around with Size and Distance; Ray and Charles Eames: Powers of Ten; Sally Ride Science Scale of tools the Large (Astronomy); Scale of the Universe (Powerful Interactive); Secret World Within the World (from the Milky Way to an Oak Tree); The Detailed Universe Videos Senses Seeing at the Exploratorium (Click on Ideas: Looking at the Moon) Words NGSS Flash Card for Fifth Grade Science Vocabulary (All areas)

38 Nature Patterns Earth from Above (Included in Activity 5) language Rocks Sally Ride Science – Rocks (Earth from Space) Systems Thinking Scale of the Universe 21st Century Learning e-learning (Science: Solar System); Spongelab (Science Content for Earth and Space Science Subtopics) Earth Earth Animations; Luna Solar Energy The Sun from Space; GECoimagination: The Power of the Sun Solar System Activity 1: Take A Virtual Tour of the Solar System; Activity 2: Compare the Size of the Planets; Activity 3: Datasheet Measures of the Planets; discovery Art and the Cosmic Connection (NASA Program); Astronomy Interactives (with Grading); BBC Space; Cosmic Times 2019; Discover the Cosmos; Explore the Planets of the Solar System; Full Moon Rising Video; Kids Astronomy; NASA Planets; NASA Planet Quest; NASA Space Place; Plate Tectonics on Venus; Sally Ride Explores the Sky with Google Earth; Solar System Scope; Solar System Video Tour UWM; The Beginning of the Universe TED Ed; Video Mars Rover Landing design Zoom Universal Scale

ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System What are the predictable patterns caused by Earth’s movement in the solar system? How do lengths and directions of shadows or relative lengths of day and night change from day to day, and how does the appearance of some stars change in different seasons? (Grade 5)

• The orbits of Earth around the sun and of the moon around Earth, together with the rotation of Earth about an axis between its North and South poles, cause observable patterns. These include day and night; daily changes in the length and direction of shadows; and different positions of the sun, moon, and stars at different times of the day, month, and year. (5-ESS1-2)

NEXT.cc ESS1.B Maps World Sunlight Map Natural Light Physical Geography.net; Sun Angle; Sun Angle Calculator; The Reasons for the Seasons Ted Ed) Scale Astronomy Picture of the Day; Secret World Within the World (from the tools Milky Way to an Oak Tree) Site Analysis Including Activity 6 – Research sun angles Symbols Sixty Symbols – Physics and Astronomy Ideas (with videos for each) Time Including Activity Two – Flattened time map; How to Tell Time Using the Sun language Biomes Latitude and Longitude (Click on Moon, then Seasons) Earth Luna; Reasons for the Seasons TED Ed Video; K4 Visit an Earth System’s Museum (Orbital Change) Mobiles Make a Solar System Mobile (Interactive at Kids’ Astronomy) Galactic Mobile discovery Solar System Astronomy Interactives (with Grading); Discover the Cosmos (Search, for example, day and night); PhET Interactive Simulations – Planets, Orbits, Gravity, Oh My!; Plate Tectonics on Venus; What Do We Have Day and Night? (Also, Seasons? and A Year?); Sally Ride Explores the Sky with Google Earth; Solar System Scope design Animation Windows to the Universe (Incl. Solar Flare Flip Books)

Elementary Grades 3-5 Earth & Space Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

ESS1.C History of Planet Earth How do people reconstruct and date events in Earth’s planetary history?

• Local, regional, and global patterns of rock formations reveal changes over time due to earth forces, such as earthquakes. The presence and location of certain fossil types indicate the order in which rock layers were formed. (4-ESS1-1)

NEXT.cc ESS1.C Land Intro links Tectonic Plate Movement (How the Grand Canyon Was Formed Video); Landforms; Mountain Professor; Famous Plateaus; Explore Google Maps Ocean tools Floor; NASA Regional Landforms Analysis (Teacher Resource) Time Here Is Today

Nature Patterns Grand Canyon National Geographic Fly Over Rocks Including Activity 1 Animation (Rock Formation and Rock Cycle); Bedrock Geology Virtual Tour; Coastal Marine Geology Virtual Tour; Identify Rocks (Interactive language game); National Geographic Rocks (Also see The Coal Paradox); Rock Cycle Interactive; Rock Facts; Rock Identification Key; The Rock Cycle; What Are Rocks? Water Quality Science in Your Watershed (Map)

21st Century Learning e-learning (Science: Iceland – Rocks and Their Uses; Exploring Fossils and Fossil Records; Volcanoes; Shaping the Earth’s Surface) Earth Dynamic Earth Interactive (Incl. Plate Tectonics); Earth Animations; Geology: Plate Tectonics; Kahn Academy Structure of Earth Video; Luna (Click on Earth for Information about Earth’s crust); Pangea; Plate Tectonics; Video Inside the Earth (Incl. Historical Perspective); Earthquakes; Ted Ed: Four Ways To Understand The Earth's Age; Tribute to Earth Evolution Part I; Tribute to Earth Evolution Part II; TED discovery Ed Pangea Pop Up; K4 Visit an Earth Systems Museum (Earth Floor - Geologic Time; Also See Resource Room); Earthquakes; HHMI Plate tectonics Video; USGS Plate Tectonics Animations Evolution Fossils, Genes, and Embryos; Topography USGS A Tapestry of Time and Terrain Oceans Deep Ocean Mysteries and Wonders

Great Lakes Great Lakes Literacy Principles (#2 Natural Forces) design Landscape A Tapestry of Time and Terrain

40 Elementary Grades 3-5 Earth & Space Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

ESS2 Earth’s Systems How and why is Earth constantly changing?

ESS2.A Earth Materials and Systems How do Earth’s major systems interact? How can water, ice, wind and vegetation change the land? (Grade 4)

• Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, living organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller particles and move them around. (4-ESS2-1) • Earth’s major systems are the geosphere (solid and molten rock, soil, and sediments), the hydrosphere (water and ice), the atmosphere (air), and the biosphere (living things, including humans). These systems interact in multiple ways to affect Earth’s surface materials and processes. The ocean supports a variety of ecosystems and organisms, shapes landforms, and influences climate. Winds and clouds in the atmosphere interact with the landforms to determine patterns of weather. (5-ESS2-1)

NEXT.cc ESS2.A Air Air Movement in Weather (Follow link to NASA’s Landsat Site -Select Students, then Images, then Earth Shots: Satellite Images of Environmental Change- Time Series Animations of How Landscapes Change Over Time; Also Search Erosion) Food Human vs. Natural Food Chains; Water Food Energy Nexus Land National Geographic: Earth’s Physical Features; Creation of the Mississippi Delta; How the Grand Canyon Formed; Landforms; Rising Seas and Coastal Land; Explore Google Maps Ocean Floor; ESSEA Climate + Land K4 (Also See Resources); Colossal Consequence of Super Volcanoes; Dirtmeister; Bill Nye: Erosion Video Measure Measuring Distance and Area in Satellite Images Plants Activity Two – Photosynthesis Link; Photosynthesis and Fossil Fuels Site Analysis Activity 6 (Research wind direction, velocity, frequency; also precipitation tools for selected site) Soil A Grain of Sand Video; Underground Adventure; Geology for Kids (incl. Lithosphere Facts); Munsell Soil Color Charts; Soiled Again; Soil Types and Testing; Soil Net UK; Twelve Orders of Soil Taxonomy; The Soil Solution Film Preview; The Dirt on Soil: Discovery Learning; USDA Soil Infographics Water Waterlife; Waterlife Movie Trailer; Water Cycle Animated Diagram; Water Cycle Diagram; Water Cycle Quiz; Kids Water Fun: Games and Activities; Ground Water and Drinking Water: An Expert’s Guide (Incl. Ground Water Lessons); Chasing Ice: Glacier “Calving” Video; Discover Water: The Role of Water in Our Lives; USGS Water Cycle for Kids and Students: Advanced Students Watersheds Watersheds Discover Water Project

Animals Rewilding our World TED Ed Video language Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Entering the following terms and others in the Search Box returns example of systems interaction: symbiosis, spread seeds,

41 disperse light, disperse heat, cycle energy, etc.) Birds Explore the World of Birds Video; TED-Ed Bird Migration – A Perilous Journey Clouds Hydrological Cycle Energy Forms of Energy (Energy Sources); The Energy Story; Energy Explained, EIA Energy Information; Energy Quiz (There are two.); Water, Fuel, Energy Nexus; Energy Quiz Exon Mobile Fish Fish and Aquatic News; The Secret Life of Plankton TED Ed; Global Fisheries and Aquaculture Insects E.O. Wilson, TED Talk; Google Map of Ants Precipitation Precipitation in the Water Cycle: USGS; How Do Snowflakes Form? Rocks Children’s Museum; National Geographic Rocks; Munsell Rock Color Chart; Sally Ride Science – Rocks (Story of Changing Earth); The Rock Cycle; The Virtual Cave Systems Thinking Waters Foundation Systems: Thinking (Resources: Global Warming; also teacher resources); Systems Thinking in Action STIA (Inc. Insight Maker, a free web-based multi-user modeling and simulation environment)

Air Quality Air Now (Real time data) Biomes Biome Map; Biomes of the World?; Ten Biomes?; World Map; Atlas of Biospheres (Interactive); Kids Do Ecology: Biomes; K4 Climate Zones + Biomes; Earth Floor Biomes Coral Reefs EPA Coral Reef Protection; National Geographic Coral Reefs; Smithsonian Coral Gardens of the Deep Sea Earth Dynamic Earth Interactive; Icebound; Inside the Earth; Interactive Cave Map; NASA Blue Marble Project Maps; Our Home: Earth from Space (Earth Systems); PBS Caves; The Habitable Planet (A Systems Approach to Envir. Ed., with Interactive Labs); The Artic + The Antarctic TED Ed Video; Oceans Alive! Evolution Fossils, Genes, and Embryos Forests Forest Biome; Green Facts; Climate Impacts upon Forests; NASA Map of World Forest Heights; What Are the Rainforests?; WWF Types of Forests; WWF Forests Habitats; Project Learning Tree Research: Forests Around the World Oceans Activity 3 Oceans and Weather; Google Earth Explore the Ocean with Sylvia Earle; How Big Is the Ocean?; National Geographic Mapmaker Interactive; Ocean Currents; Ocean Literacy Principles (The Ocean Shapes the Earth); Oceanography discovery (Comprehensive); Oceans Discover Water Project (Interactive); Project Wild Aquatics (In Step with STEM: Watered-Down History – Rewrite history in reverse to re-develop a natural setting.); Smithsonian Ocean Portal; TED Ed; NASA Physical Ocean (Also Oceans and Earth Systems); Project Wild Aquatics (In Step with STEM: Kelp Help; Also see Travel to the Bottom of the Sea) Prairies National Grasslands What Is a Prairie; World Grassland Map; North American Prairies; Explore Prairies Public Space Placed-Based Education (See Vignettes) Rain KidsGeo: Rain (also The Hydrosphere) Rivers River Systems of the World; River Facts; Yangtze River; Amazon River; Nile River; Congo River; National Geographic River Photos; River Basics; University of Illinois Extension Rivers; American Rivers Sound Mapping Sound NOAA Cetacean Sound Mapping Wind Activity 1 Natural Indicators; Global Winds; Wind; More About Weather (Live Science) Wood The Future of Wood

42 Game Design Activity One (Biome Card Game) Great Lakes NOAA Great Lakes Eco Region; Great Lakes Literacy Principles (#2 Natural Forces) Green Cities ESSEA Carbon City; Carbon Footprint Maps Kites Kite Life (Wind Window) design Landscape Activity Two Map of Hardiness Zones for Trees; Jungle Design; A Tapestry of Time and Terrain Vegetable Gardens Nutrients Are Necessary for Gardens (Teachers, Incl. Videos and Lesson Plans) Wind Power Ask a Biologist A WIN WIN with WIND!

Elementary Grades 3-5 Earth & Space Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

ESS2.B Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions Why do the continents move, and what causes earthquakes and volcanoes? What patterns of Earth’s features can be determined with the use of maps? (Grade 4)

• The locations of mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, ocean floor structures, earthquakes, and volcanoes occur in patterns. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in bands that are often along the boundaries between continents and oceans. Major mountain chains form inside continents or near their edges. Maps can help locate the different land and water features areas of Earth. (4-ESS2-2)

NEXT.cc ESS2.B Land Intro links include Tectonic Plate Movement (The Grand Canyon: How It Formed Video); National Geographic: Earth’s Physical Features; How the Grand Canyon Formed; Landforms; Mountain Professor; Famous Plateaus; Global Seafloor Topography; NOAA Coast Pilot; Colossal Consequence of Super Volcanoes Maps Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States; Explore Google Maps Ocean Floor; Google Maps; Google Earth; Google Scribble Maps; National tools Geographic Mapmaker; National Geographic Mapmaker Interactive; Outline Maps for Printing; Worldmapper Measure Measuring Distance and Area in Satellite Images Scale PBS Observe a Place at Many Scales Waves Seismic Waves and the Slinky

Precipitation Aquifers; US Aquifers Map; Rocks National Geographic Rocks; Marine Geology Virtual Tour language Watersheds Science in Your Watershed; The Tijuana River Watershed Interactive; Watersheds Discover Water Project;

21st Century Learning e-learning (Science: Layers of Earth and Plate Tectonics, Volcanoes discovery Earth Dynamic Earth Interactive (Incl. Plate Tectonics); Earth Animations; Geology: Plate Tectonics; Kahn Academy Structure of Earth Video; National Geographic Story

43 of the Earth; Earthquakes; Luna (Click on Earth for Information about Earth’s crust); Printable World Map; Pangea; Plate Tectonics; Inside the Earth; Earthquakes; The Ted Ed Pangea PopUp; K4 Visit an Earth Systems Museum (Earth Floor – Plate Tectonics); HHMI Plate Tectonics Video; USGS Plate Tectonics Animations Oceans Deep Ocean Mysteries and Wonder; How Big Is the Ocean? TED Ed Topography USGS Topographic Map Symbols; Contours Rollover; Introduction to Contour Maps; Geology.com Record High, Lows, etc. (Tallest Mountain, Most Explosive Volcanoes); Highest Mountains On Each Continent; Understanding Topographic Maps

design Landscape A Tapestry of Time and Terrain

ESS2.C The Role of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes How do the properties and movements of water shape Earth’s surface and affect its systems? How much water can be found in different places on Earth? (Grade 5)

• Nearly all of Earth’s available water is in the ocean. Most fresh water is in glaciers or underground; only a tiny fraction is in streams, lakes, wetlands, and the atmosphere. (5- ESS2-2)

NEXT.cc ESS2.C Land Intro links include (How the Grand Canyon Was Formed Video); Video; Creation of the Mississippi Delta Land; ESSEA Climate + Land K4; Dirtmeister; Bill Nye: Erosion Soil USDA Soil Infographics Water Harvard Water Security Initiative; Waterlife; Waterlife MovieTrailer; Global Fresh tools Water Supply; Water Resource Maps (with data); Ground Water and Drinking Water: Expert’s Guide; EPA Climate Impact on Water Sources; Chasing Ice: Glacier “Calving” Video; Discover Water – The Role of Water in Our Lives; World’s Water in a Cube; USGS Water Cycle for Kids and Students: Advanced Students

Clouds NASA Hydrological Cycle; Cloudspeak Precipitation Precipitation in the Water Cycle USGS; Rain: A Water Resource; Introduction to Precipitation; Aquifers; National Atlas Map of Aquifers (Interactive); Precipitation Quiz language Watersheds Global Flood Map; Interactive Flood Map; NBC Water Sustainability; What Is a Watershed; Science in Your Watershed (Maps); Discover Water Project (Interactive); USGS Watershed Information; Where Does Your Water Come From? (Interactive Map);

21st Century Learning e-Learning (Science: Shaping the Earth’s Surface; Denmark – North Sea) Earth Earth Games (Incl. Go With the Flow); Icebound; Interactive Cave Map; K4 Visit an Earth System’s Museum (Earth Floor – Cycles); NASA Blue Marble Project Maps; discovery PBS Caves; Printable World Map; The Habitable Planet (A Systems Approach to Envir. Ed., Oceans) Oceans National Geographic Mapmaker Interactive Ocean Currents; Oceans Alive: The Water Planet; Save the Ocean Facts; Oceanography (Comprehensive); NASA

44 Physical Ocean (Incl. Oceans and Earth System); Dr. Sylvia Earle: Explore the Antarctic” Video; Oceans Discover Water Project (Interactive); Ocean Literacy Principles (Incl. Oceans Shape the Earth); Google Earth Explore the Ocean with Sylvia Earle; Deep Ocean Mysteries and Wonders; How Big Is the Ocean?; National Geographic Rising Seas and Coastal Land Rain KidsGeo: Rain (See Hydrosphere, Ocean Salinity); ESSEA Water Vapor: Feedback or Forcing? Rivers River Basics (with 4 2 Explore links); Bill Nye The Science Guy Streams and Rivers Wind Wind_02 (See Models Predict the Future)

Great Lakes Great Lakes Literacy Principles (#1 Bodies of Fresh Water); Great Lakes Seaway Map; Great Lakes, Mighty Rivers; Great Lakes Lock Infrastructures; Passing a Boat through a Canal Lock (Also Welland and Erie Canal Resources); Phil Enquist, The Great Lakes…No Borders; Fresh Water Institute design Landscape A Tapestry of Time and Terrain Rain Water Harvesting Rain Water Harvesting Calculator; Desert Water Harvesting; Rainwater Basics Video; Forgotten Rain

ESS2.D Weather and Climate What regulates weather and climate? What is typical weather in different parts of the world and during different times of the year? (Grade 3)

• Scientists record patterns of the weather across different times and areas so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next. (3-ESS2- 1) • Climate describes a range of an area's typical weather conditions and the extent to which those conditions vary over years. (3-ESS2-2)

NEXT.cc ESS2.D Air Sea Breeze Animation; Air in Motion; Air Pressure; What Is Air? (See Making Science Happen: Climatologist’s Toolbox. Also See In the Greenhouse: What Is Climate; The Warming Greenhouse - The Sun Makes It Possible); Interactive Air Now Map Information Information Is Beautiful (See Climate) Journal Maintaining a Laboratory Notebook tools Land ESSEA Climate + Land K4; Colossal Consequence of Super Volcanoes Maps Google Earth; Google Scribble Maps; Interactive Weather Map; Live Wind Map; Map Matching Game (Including Longitude and Latitude); World Sunlight Map Site Analysis Activity 6 (Research temperature; wind direction, velocity, frequency; also precipitation for selected site) Waves Video Understanding the Jetstream and Rossby Waves

Climate AAAS Guide on Communicating Global Climate; Climate Science form Climate language Scientists; World Climate; World Climate Data; National Weather Satellite; Geostationary Satellite; Climate Change (National Science Foundation); NASA Global

45 Climate Change (NASA Climate Kids); Camel Climate Change e-Learning; Global Climate Change TckTckTck; K4 Air + Climate; ESSEA Carbon Monoxide + Climate Change; Spectrix: A GOES-R Imager Game: Color & Climate Data; Video Dynamic Earth: Solar Energy Drives Climate Clouds Weather Whiz Kids; Cloud Memory Game (and Other Weather Resources); ESSEA Role of Clouds in Climate Change; Cloud Matching Game; Latin Roots (of cloud names); Make and Animate a Cloud Shape in the Sky; Blur Building Video; John Constable Cloud Painter; Weather Dance: Clouds Hershberger Institute Insects Insects, Trees, and Climate Change Nature Patterns Guide to Snow Crystal Shapes and Patterns Precipitation Introduction to Precipitation; Raindrop Shapes; The World Bank: Projected Precipitation 2100; The World Climates Blue Planet; World Climate Maps Temperature What Is Temperature?; Sensing Temperature Weather Climate Data for Kids; Comet Introduction to Tropical Meteorology; Interactive Snow Map; IEM Iowa Environmental Mesonet; Interactive Weather Map; Live Wind Map; Make A Flake (Online!); Museum of Science Storm Exhibit; NOAA “All about Hurricanes”; NOAA Weather Wonders: Snow and Ice Photos; NOAA Weather Wonders: Snow and Ice Photos; NOAA’S National Weather Service; NOAA Lake Effect Snow; Sally Ride Science – Air and Weather; Scijinks Weather Games; Scholastic Weather Watch - Experiment with Weather Tools; Snowflake Bentley; Weather Dance (Incl. Dance Standards); Scholastic Weather Watch Research; Scholastic Weather Watch - Experiment with Weather Tools; Video Dynamic Earth: Solar Energy Drives Climate

21st Century Learning e-Learning (Science: Titanic Shipwreck – Weather Predictions) Air Quality Air Now; NOAA Air Quality Forecast Biomes World Map; Discovery Channel Planet Earth Game (Students plan missions to film parts of the planet); Earth Floor Biomes (Incl. How to Read a Climograph); K4 Climate Zones + Biomes (with links) Earth Earth Games (Incl. NASA’s New Climate Kids Website); Icebound; The Habitable Planet (Atmosphere) Electricity Earth’s Atmospheric Global Electric Circuit; Lightening in Super Slow Motion discovery Oceans National Geographic Mapmaker Interactive Ocean Currents (Activity); National Ocean and Atmospheric Organization; National Geographic Rising Seas Interactive Map; NASA Physical Ocean (See Oceans and Earth Systems) Rain Acid Rain; KidsGeo: Rain; ESSEA Water Vapor Feedback or Forcing? Solar Energy GECoimagination: The Power of the Sun Wind Current Weather; Global Wind Patterns; Live Wind Map; More About Weather; Nature’s Wind Speed Indicators; Wind; Wind Sculptures; Wind_02 (See Educators’ Bridge);

Great Lakes Great Lakes Literacy Principles (#3 Influence on Weather and Climate) Kites Kites in History (Meteorological Kites); Kite Basics (Beaufort Wind Chart); Kite Life design (Wind Window)

46 ESS2.E Biogeology How do living organisms alter Earth’s processes and structures?

• Living things affect the physical characteristics of their regions. (4- ESS2-1)

NEXT.cc ESS2.E Air Air Movement in Weather (NASA’s Landsat Science – See Benefits to People – Carbon and Climate; also Forest Management) Food Human vs. Natural Food Chains; Water Food Energy Nexus Journal Keep a Nature Journal; The Field Book Project Maps Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States; Plants Plant Nutrition Game; ITSI Decomposition of Plants tools Soil Underground Adventure; Geology for Kids (incl. Lithosphere Facts; also Biologic Factors in Soil Formation)); Soiled Again; Soil Types and Testing; Soil Net UK; The Soil Solution Film Preview; The Dirt on Soil: Discovery Learning; USDA Soil Infographics Water Waterlife; Water Food Energy Nexus;

Climate Reduce Your Carbon Footprint w/ Carbon Calculator; language Insects Google Map of Ants; Insects, Trees, and Climate Change

Biomes Biome Conservation; Biomes of the World; Kids Do Ecology: Biomes; Earth Floor Biomes; K4 Climate Zones + Biomes Coral Reefs Imax Coral Reef Trailer; EPA Coral Reef Protection; National Geographic Coral Reefs Earth Population Education: A Program of Population Connection for K-12 Educators; The Habitable Planet; Tribute to Earth Evolution part 2 Video discovery Forests The Forest Biome; NASA Map of World Forest Heights; Where Are the Rainforests?: WWF Forests Habitats Oceans No Plankton: No Life in the Ocean (Interactive) Prairies Explore Prairies Rivers How Wolves Change Rivers Vermiculture Worms Crawl In and Worms Crawl Out (Vermicomposting)

design

47 Elementary Grades 3-5 Earth & Space Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

ESS3 Earth and Human Activity How do Earth’s surface processes and human activities affect each other?

ESS3.A Natural Resources How do humans depend on Earth’s resources?

• Energy and fuels that humans use are derived from natural sources, and their use affects the environment in multiple ways. Some resources are renewable over time, and others are not. (4-ESS3-1)

NEXT.cc ESS3.A Air Air Movement in Weather (Follow link to NASA’s Landsat Site – Images of Earth’s Surface with Mining); Kinetic Sculpture Video (Art/Science Connection) Food Water Food Energy Nexus; Human vs. Natural Food Chain; Journal Keep a Nature Journal; The Field Book Project Maps Atlas of the Historical Geography of the United States; Shelter Rock Shelter tools Soil Geology for Kids; Soiled Again; The Soil Solution Preview Film Water Harvard Water Security Initiative; Waterlife; Water Food Energy Nexus; Global Fresh Water Supply; Our Future Earth: Where Our Water Comes From; US Water Use Maps; PBS Eekoworld Water (For young Elem. Students); Water Costs of Energy; Water Resources Map with Data Sets Mapped to Geo-Political Areas; Discover Water – The Role of Water in Our Lives; World’s Water in a Cube Adobe Adobe Basics; Earth Bricks Animals Project Wild: Sustaining Wildlife Ceramics History of Fine Ceramics Energy Energy; Energy Games; History of Energy in US; Forms of Energy; National Energy Educational Development (NEED) Curriculum; The Energy Story; Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Energy Sources; Energy Quiz; Wind Energy; Energy Quiz; Water Food Energy Nexus; National Renewable Energy Lab Grass Straw Bale Houses; Sod Houses; Kansas Building a Grass House Teacher Lesson language Precipitation Rain: A Water Resource; National Atlas Map of Aquifers Rocks National Geographic (Also see The Coal Paradox); Rocks and Minerals: Information and Photos; Rocks and Rock Climbing; Sally Ride Science – Rocks (Bingham Canyon Mine; Learn about Chalk); Virtual Geology Museum; Identifying Minerals; The A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum Watersheds NBC Water Sustainability; What Is a Watershed; Discover Water Project (Interactive); USGS Watershed Information; Where Does Your Water Come From? (Interactive Map) Water Quality Flow: For the Love of Water Movie Trailer Air Quality Air Now; NOAA Air Quality Forecast discovery Earth Center For The Spatial Study Of Social Science UCSB; Earth Animations; If Earth Were an Apple; Discovery Channel Planet Earth Games (Students create expeditions,

48 select equipment, and explore); Earth Games (Incl. Energy Quest and Energy Information for Kids); NASA Blue Marble Project Maps; NDRC One Earth eMagazine; Project EUGENE: Ecological Understanding as a Guideline for the Evaluation of Non- formal Education; Teach Spatial Forests Where Are the Rainforests?; The Forest Biome; Project Learning Tree Research: Forests Around the World Green Schools Environmental Education Solar Schools Growing Food Urban Agriculture around the World; Lifelab Science Garden Explorations (Incl. Soil Stories) Oceans Oceans Alive! The Water Planet; Oceanography; NASA Physical Ocean (Learning Resources, incl. Foundations of Phytoplankton) Plastics Are Mushrooms the New Plastic? Recycling My Garbology Solar Energy Activity 3: Solar Cooker; Activity 5: Nova Presentation Solar Panels; Sundials; Photovoltaic Cells; History of Solar Energy Wood The Future of Wood Game Design Activity One (Biome Card Game) Great Lakes Great Lakes Literacy Principles (#4 Water Makes Earth Habitable; design Fresh Water Sustains Life on Land); Phil Enquist, The Great Lakes…No Borders; Fresh Water Institute Wind Power Ask a Biologist A WIN WIN with WIND!

ESS3.B Natural Hazards How do natural hazards affect individuals and societies? How can the impact of weather-related hazards be reduced? (Grade 3)

• A variety of natural hazards result from natural processes. Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts. (3-ESS3-1) (Note: This Disciplinary Core Idea is also addressed by 4-ESS3-2.)

NEXT.cc ESS3.B Air Air Movement in Weather (NASA Landsat: Benefits to People – Disasters); Air in Motion; Air Pressure tools Information Information Is Beautiful (See Nature – Scale of Devastation) Land Rising Seas and Coastal Land; Colossal Consequence of Super Volcanoes Climate National Weather Satellite (Click on Forecast: Severe Weather); National Severe Weather Warnings; Cloud Memory Game (and Other Weather Resources) Clouds Cloud Memory Game (and Other Weather Resources); NASA Cloudspeak; Hydrological Cycle (See Hurricanes and Severe Weather) Nature Patterns Fractal Patterns of Drought on Land Systems Thinking EPA Climate Change Impact on Eco Systems; Systems Thinking in language Action STIA: Insight Maker (Create Free Account; Search Find Insights, e.g. Eric Klinenberg’s Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of a Disaster, or create your own model or simulation) Tree Identification Tree Interaction with History Weather NOAA’s National Weather Service (See Weather Safety); Museum of Science Storm Exhibit

49 21st Century Learning e-learning (Science: Shaping Earth’s Surface: Natural Disasters; Volcanoes) Earth Our Home: Earth from Space (Earth Systems, Droughts, Hurricane, El Niño); Earthquakes; Inside the Earth; Earthquakes; The Mercalli Scale: Shake Up discovery Curriculum; USGS Earthquake Hazard Map Wind More About Weather; Nature’s Wind Speed Indicators; Wood Plant Structures (See link to “Ultimate Web Pages about Dendrochronology” – Study of Tree Rings Records of Natural Disasters) design

ESS3.C Human Impacts on Earths Systems How do humans change the planet?

• Human activities in agriculture, industry, and everyday life have had major effects on the land, vegetation, streams, ocean, air, and even outer space. But individuals and communities are doing things to help protect Earth’s resources and environments. (5-ESS3-1)

NEXT.cc ESS3.C Air What is Air Pollution? (Includes link to real-time air quality index searchable by zip code); Information Information Is Beautiful (See Nature – Scale of Devastation) Land Dirtmeister; Bill Nye: Erosion Maps How Green Maps Are Made; TED Talks: Happy Maps; The Green Map Project; The Mannahatta Project (Uncovering original ecology of Manhattan) Natural Light Globe at Night Maps Objects The Story of Stuff Plants Stephanie Nava Consider a Plot Exhibit (Victory Gardens) Soil Reverse Graffiti: Art by Cleaning; The Soil Solution Film Preview; The Dirt Connecting Natural and Built Environments tools Time A Skyscraper of Time and Space Video Walking Geocaching Treasure Hunt; Check the Walkability of Your Area Water Harvard Water Security Initiative; Waterlife MovieTrailer; Water Food Energy Nexus; Last Call at the Oasis Movie Intro; Natural History Museum H2O Exhibit; Water Conservation Measures; Global Fresh Water Supply; US Water Use Atlas; Our Future Earth: Water; Atelier Dreiseiti (Award Winning Sustainability And Eco-Friendly Designs); Urban Lab Growing Water; Greening of the Great Lakes; Clean Water Challenge; Water Footprint Calculator; H20 for Life; Cup: Sewer in a Suitcase; Ground Water and Drinking Water: Expert’s Guide; How Much Water Do You Use?; Water Costs of Energy; Project Wet; Fresh Water Scarcity: An Intro to the Problem; H2O Capture: Milwaukee Fresh Water Capitol of the World; National Geographic Water Footprint Animals Project Noah (Citizen Science); Project Wild: Sustaining Wildlife; Maua Lin’s What Is Missing? National Geographic: Animals and Pets (Incl. Habitats); Rewilding Our World TED Ed Video language Biomimicry Biomimicry 3.8 (Ask Nature); BEN Biomimicry Educators Network (Biomimicry Youth Challenge) Birds Bird Sleuth (Citizen Science for Kids); Maya Lin’s What’s Missing

50 Climate AAAS Guide on Communicating Global Climate; Climate Science form Climate Scientists; Reduce Your Carbon Footprint w/ Carbon Calculator; Greenpeace; Human Response to Climate Change; An Inconvenient Truth; Architecture 2030; World Wildlife Fund; Buildings as Weather; Climate Change (National Science Foundation); NASA Global Climate Change; tcktcktck!; Global Call for Climate Change; Camel Climate Change e- Learning; Climate Action Is Gardens; Video SciShow Human Response to Climate Change Energy Energy Calculator (Teacher Resource); Energy Smart House; Wind Energy; Home Energy Audit; Kids Saving Energy; National Energy Educational Development (NEED) Curriculum; Our Future Earth: Water Food Energy Nexus; Black Balloon Greenhouse Gas Movie; TED Ed Amory Lovins Energy in 2050 Fish How I Fell in Love with a Fish (Sustainability); Global Fisheries; EPA Fish Kids; Project Noah Fish (Citizen Science); Fish in the Sea1900, 2000; Maya Lin’s What’s Missing Grass Native Grass Lawns Insects Project Noah Arthropods (Citizen Science); Loathsome, Lethal Mosquito TED Ed Video; The Case of the Vanishing Honeybees TEDEd Video Pocket Parks Project for Public Spaces: Pocket Parks; Streets Blog: Pocket Parks Precipitation World Water Council Water Stress Rocks Sally Ride Science – Rocks (Bingham Canyon Mine Sculpture Environmental Installations by Christo and Jean Claude; Andy Goldsworthy Google Images; Robert Smithson Google Images; Axel Erikson Tree Circus (Art/Science Connections) Sound AcousticEcology; Animal Bioacoustics; Julian Treasure: Why Architects Need to Use Their Ears Systems Thinking Ecological Literacy Fritjof Capra Video 1; Environmental Design Science Primer; EPA Climate Change Impact on Ecosystems; MacArthur Foundation Changing Living Systems to A Circular Economy Video; Sustainability: The Five Core Principles; Waters Foundation Systems: Thinking (Teacher Resource) Tree Identification National Tree Benefit Calculator; Plant Trees 4 Life; Trees Ease Inner City Neighborhoods; Where Are Our Forests? Water Quality Water for the Ages (Aggregates 80 Water-related sites); Liquid Assets: Story of Our Water Infrastructure; Life Straw Video; The Water Project; Watershed EPA Surf Your Watershed (Interactive, incl. Citizen Groups); EPA Watersheds; Watershed Solar Decathlon House; Hydrological Effects of Urban Development (Flooding); NBC Water Sustainability; Water Issues Presented by Artists; National Estuarine Research Association (Real Time Monitoring Data) Air Quality Steps to Reduce Pollution; AirLab; Shade Lab; Clean Air Act; Air Now (Real Time Monitoring by Zip Code); Air Defenders; Extraordinary Road Trip (Game-based Study of Transportation and Pollution); Smokey the Bear; Cleaner Cleaning; Green Living Ideas; Club Penguin; NOAA Air Quality Forecast; Plant Air Filter; EPA Clean Air School Monitoring Kit Biomes Biome Conservation; PBS Eekoworld Plants and Animals; Discovery Channel Planet Earth Game; Kids Do Ecology: Biomes; K4 Climate Zones + Biomes Coral Reefs Take a Coral Reef Scuba Dive Adventure; Imax Coral Reef Trailer; EPA discovery Coral Reef Protection; Coral Reef Games; Nature Conservancy Adopt a Coral Reef; Conserving Our Spectacular, Vulnerable Coral Reefs – TED Ed Lesson by Joshua Drew Earth Center For The Spatial Study Of Social Science UCSB; Icebound; If Earth Were an Apple; Earth Day Footprint Quiz; Earth Games (Incl. Air Quality Index); Classroom Earth; PBS Eekoworld; Teach Spatial; Population Education: A Program of Population Connection for K-12 Educators; The Habitable Planet (A Systems Approach to Environmental Education, Biodiversity Decline); World Population

51 Forests Green Facts; Climate Impact upon Forests; Urban Forestry; Deforestation: What Is Missing? By Maya Lin; Where Are the Rainforests; Project Learning Tree Research Forests Around the World Green Buildings Architecture 2030; Change a Light Pledge; Green Map Project; Home Energy Analysis; Make Your Home More Renewable; Malcolm Wells Earth Sheltered Designs (Incl. Wilderness Scale Rating Environmental Friendliness of a Parcel of Land); PBS Eekoworld (The Future); Why Build Green? Green Materials Green Building Materials; Choosing Green Materials EPA; Green Garage Sustainability Labs; Ecovative Designs (Mushroom Materials, see Sample Shop Teddy Bear!); Algix Materials Made of Algae Green Schools Earth Day Green Your School; Green Schools Initiative: Green Quiz; US Green Schools Foundation (Teacher Resource); USGBC Green Schools Now!; Green Schoolyard Network; 2012 Greenest School of the Year; Environmental Education Solar Schools Growing Food Urban Agriculture around the World; History of Food Timeline (Social Studies Connection); Your Food Environment Atlas; WWOOF (Organic Farming); Urban Permaculture Landfills How Does a Landfill Work?; Transportation Costs Calculator; Garbage Quiz; Map of Landfills; Freshkills Park; What Is A Sanitary Landfill?; Solid Waste and Recycling; Landfill Diagram; Components of a Landfill; PBS Kids Landfill Incineration and Recycling of Garbage; Garbage Pizza; Garbage: How Can My Community Reduce Waste? Mass Transit Low Carbon Transportation; Community Car Oceans Acoustic Ecology: Sound in Our Oceans (Teacher Resource); Cousteau Society Custodians of the Sea (Incl. Cousteau Kids); Geographic Rising Seas Interactive Map; National Ocean and Atmospheric Organization; Ocean Conservancy; Project Wild Aquatics (In Step with STEM: Net Gain; Net Effects with Online Graphing Tool, Also see Plastic Voyages: Track Marine Debris); Save My Oceans; Save the Sea Ocean Facts; Wyland Foundation; Place Experience Square of Life Project Plastic The Story of Bottled Water; Video Tapped Movie Trailer Rain Acid Rain; ESSEA Water Vapor: Feedback or Forcing? Recycle Earth Day Grocery Bags; Recycling Paper and Glass; Planet Protectors Club (Students K-5, Interactive); EPA Recycling Basics; Recycling 101; The 4th Bin e- Waste Rescue; Teach Engineering: Reduce Reuse Recycle; My Garbology; Household Container Recycling (REMS); Household Container Recycling Video (REMS) Rivers River Facts (See Management); River Keepers; Protecting River Resources; America’s Most Endangered Rivers; Our Nation’s Rivers: A System on the Edge Solar System Citizen Science: Real-World Space Research Sound Mapping NOAA Cetacean & Sound Mapping (Evaluate the impacts of human- induced noise on cetacean species) Vermiculture Worms Crawl In and Worms Crawl Out (Vermicomposting); Put Worms to Work; Vermicomposting: How Worms Can Reduce Our Waste TED Ed Video Water Conservation Water Use It Wisely; Water Saver House; Use Less Water: Discover Water Project (Interactive); UNICEF Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene; The Water Project; History of Irrigation Aquaponics Exploring US Aquaculture NOAA Video; Cartoons Howtoons: Science Cartoons Eating Local Permaculture design Game Design Institute of Play (Incl. SimCityEdu - SimCity Pollution Challenge Free) Great Lakes Great Lakes Literacy Principles; Phil Enquist, The Great Lakes … No Borders; Mother Earth Walk

52 Green Cities Green Infrastructure; How Can We Eat Our Landscapes?; Plan It Green (Interactive); Carbon Footprint Maps Green Roofs Green Roof Plants; Green Roof Parks; Gary Comer Youth Center Green Roof Industrial Design Light Objects Rain Gardens Activities (Incl. Math Connections); Rain Gardens As an Effective Tool Rain Water Harvesting Rain Water Harvesting Calculator; Muffin Tin Rain Water Harvesting; Plant Pallet of Rain Water Harvesting; The Art of Rain Water Catchements Urban Agriculture Detroit Lafayette Garden; Hantz Woodlands Detroit (Urban Tree Farm)

Wind Power Interactive Energy Project; Wind Potential Map; Wind Power into Energy; Kidwind Project;

53 Elementary Grades 3-5 Earth & Space Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

Each Disciplinary Core Idea (DCI) is followed by an indicator for the Performance Expectation linked to it, e.g., (5-ESS1-1) indicates that the preceding DCI is addressed in the Grade 5 Performance Expectation for Earth and Space Science ESS1.A. The Universe and Its Stars. All Performance Expectations and DCIs can be found at www.nextgenscience.org.

Grade Band Endpoints for Elementary Earth and Space Science are published in A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. National Research Council. A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13165

Grade Band Endpoints for ESS1.A By the end of grade 5. The sun is a star that appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is closer. Stars range greatly in their size and distance from Earth.

Grade Band Endpoints for ESS1.B By the end of grade 5. The orbits of Earth around the sun and of the moon around Earth, together with the rotation of Earth about an axis between its North and South poles, cause observable patterns. These include day and night; daily and seasonal changes in the length and direction of shadows; phases of the moon; and different positions of the sun, moon, and stars at different times of the day, month, and year. Some objects in the solar system can be seen with the naked eye. Planets in the night sky change positions and are not always visible from Earth as they orbit the sun. Stars appear in patterns called constellations, which can be used for navigation and appear to move together across the sky because of Earth’s rotation.

Grade Band Endpoints for ESS1.C By the end of grade 5. Earth has changed over time. Understanding how landforms develop, are weathered (broken down into smaller pieces), and erode (get transported elsewhere) can help infer the history of the current landscape. Local, regional, and global patterns of rock formations reveal changes over time due to Earth forces, such as earthquakes. The presence and location of certain fossil types indicate the order in which rock layers were formed. Patterns of tree rings and ice cores from glaciers can help reconstruct Earth’s recent climate history.

54 Grade Band Endpoints for ESS2.A By the end of grade 5. Earth’s major systems are the geosphere (solid and molten rock, soil, and sediments), the hydrosphere (water and ice), the atmosphere (air), and the biosphere (living things, including humans). These systems interact in multiple ways to affect Earth’s surface materials and processes. The ocean supports a variety of ecosystems and organisms, shapes landforms, and influences climate. Winds and clouds in the atmosphere interact with the landforms to determine patterns of weather. Rainfall helps shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, living organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller particles and move them around. Human activities affect Earth’s systems and interactions at its surface Grade Band Endpoints for ESS2.B By the end of grade 5. The locations of mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, ocean floor structures, earthquakes, and volcanoes occur in patterns. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in bands that are often along the boundaries between continents and oceans. Major mountain chains form inside continents or near their edges. Maps can help locate the different land and water features where people live and in other areas of Earth.

Grade Band Endpoints for ESS2.C By the end of grade 5. Water is found almost everywhere on Earth: as vapor; as fog or clouds in the atmosphere; as rain or snow falling from clouds; as ice, snow, and running water on land and in the ocean; and as groundwater beneath the surface. The downhill movement of water as it flows to the ocean shapes the appearance of the land. Nearly all of Earth’s available water is in the ocean. Most fresh water is in glaciers or underground; only a tiny fraction is in streams, lakes, wetlands, and the atmosphere.

Grade Band Endpoints for ESS2.D By the end of grade 5. Weather is the minute-by-minute to day-by-day variation of the atmosphere’s condition on a local scale. Scientists record the patterns of the weather across different times and areas so that they can make predictions about what kind of weather might happen next. Climate describes the ranges of an area’s typical weather conditions and the extent to which those conditions vary over years to centuries. Grade Band Endpoints for ESS2.E By the end of grade 5. Living things affect the physical characteristics of their regions (e.g., plants’ roots hold soil in place, beaver shelters and human-built dams alter the flow of water, plants’ respiration affects the air). Many types of rocks and minerals are formed from the remains of organisms or are altered by their activities.

55 Grade Band Endpoints for ESS3.A By the end of grade 5. All materials, energy, and fuels that humans use are derived from natural sources, and their use affects the environment in multiple ways. Some resources are renewable over time, and others are not. Grade Band Endpoints for ESS3.B By the end of grade 5. A variety of hazards result from natural processes (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, severe weather, floods, coastal erosion). Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts. Grade Band Endpoints for ESS3.C By the end of grade 5. Human activities in agriculture, industry, and everyday life have had major effects on the land, vegetation, streams, ocean, air, and even outer space. But individuals and communities are doing things to help protect Earth’s resources and environments. For example, they are treating sewage, reducing the amounts of materials they use, and regulating sources of pollution such as emissions from factories and power plants or the runoff from agricultural activities.

Grade Band Endpoints for ESS3.D By the end of grade 5. If Earth’s global mean temperature continues to rise, the lives of humans and other organisms will be affected in many different ways.

N E X T G E N E R A T I O N S C I E N C E S T A N D A R D S for E L E M E N T A R Y 3 - 5

Engineering, Technology & Applications of Science

ETS1:A Engineering Design pp. 57 - 61 ETS1:B Developing Solutions to Engineering Problems pp. 61 - 63 ETS1:C Optimizing the Design Solution pp. 63 - 64

NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp. 65

Elementary Grades 3-5 Engineering, Technology & Applications of Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas

ETS1:A Engineering Design pp. 57 - 61 ETS1:B Developing Solutions to Engineering Problems pp. 61 - 63 ETS1:C Optimizing the Design Solution pp. 63 – 64

NGSS Disciplinary Core Standards Reviewed pp. 65

ETS1 Engineering Design How do engineers solve problems?

ETS1.A Defining and Delimiting Engineering Problems What is a design for? What are the criteria and constraints of a successful solution?

• Possible solutions to a problem are limited by available materials and resources (constraints). The success of a designed solution is determined by considering the desired features of a solution (criteria). Different proposals for solutions can be compared on the basis of how well each one meets the specified criteria for success or how well each takes the constraints into account. (3-5 ETS1-1)

ETS Performance Expectation 3-5-ETS1.1 Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost.

Applied in Physical Science PE: 4-PS3-4. Apply scientific ideas to design, test, and refine a device that converts energy from one form to another.* [Clarification Statement: Examples of devices could include electric circuits that convert electrical energy into motion energy of a vehicle, light, or sound; and, a passive solar heater that converts light into heat. Examples of constraints could include the materials, cost, or time to design the device.] [Assessment Boundary: Devices should be limited to those that convert motion energy to electric energy or use stored energy to cause motion or produce light or sound.]

NEXT.cc ETS1.A Design Thinking iDesign Thinking; Design Thinking for Educators; 29 Ways to Stay Creative; Explore a Tree (Thinking Maps); iDesign Matrix; Design Thinking Movie (Design Process in 30 Seconds); Place It; Design Process Composition Learning to See Video Design Thinking PBS Design Squad (Incl. Build a Better Lunch Box, Feel the Heat, Motorized Car, Balloon Cars, Air Cannon, Blimp Jet, Rubber Band Car) Diagramming Make a Venn Diagram: Read, Write, Think; Drawing/Diagramming.pdf; Online Diagramming and Flowchart Software Imagination Discover Design; Design and the Elastic Mind; Invention; Rube Goldberg Challenges Your Imagination (interactive) Journal Maintaining a Laboratory Notebook Media Interview with John Maeda (Designing Interactions) Mind Mapping Cybraryman Mind Mapping Site; Text2mindmap (interactive); Mind tools Mapping Free Collaboration Browser; Mind Map Bubbl.Us Questions Blooms Taxonomy of Questions; Design Science Primer (Incl. Buckminster Fuller’s 40 Questions. Fuller is credited with introducing the term, Design Science); How Science Works Interactive; Teach Thought: The Question Game; The Scientific Method: Testing Questions and Answers Visual Note Taking Sketcho Frenzy: Visual Note Taking Well Being Hackschooling Makes Me Happy (Design your own education; Discussion of Hackschooling begins near 4:00 minutes) Word Webs Word Web Online; Visuwords (Interactive word webs); Wordle Words Wordnik; Visual Thesaurus: 60 Most Common Academic Words; NGSS Flash Card for Fifth Grade Science Vocabulary (All areas) Writing Persuasion Map

Biomimicry Biomimicry Student Design Challenge (College level, but good model); BEN Biomimicry Educators Network (Biomimicry Youth Challenge); Biomimicry 3.8 Ask Nature (Enter, for example, design in Search Box); The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Books Digital Public Library of America Design Research I Design Model; Design Science. Buckminster Fuller Institute; Design Science Primer; Qualitative and Quantitative Research; Design Research Methods (Including Ecosystem Research Methods); Science of the Summer Olympics (Including Designing Safety Helmets, A Fast Pool, and Engineering for Mobility) Ergonomics (Designing for People) Henry Dreyfus Associates: Human Factors; Ergonomic Design (REMS) Experience Design Experience Design (See Methodology); User Experience Design language (Strategies); Emotion Is Experience (Designing for Emotion); Food Culture PBS Build a Better Lunch Box Materials Teach Engineering: Strength of Materials (Also Enter “Experimental Design” in Teach Engineering Home Page Search) Optics Video Pop Up Book of the Eye Streets Streetmix (Design a Bike Lane & Street Scape) Structure Teach Engineering: Fairly Fundamental Facts about Forces Systems Thinking Environmental Design Science Primer; Systems Thinking in Action STiA (incl. Insight Maker: Create Free Account; Create your own models and simulations or Search Find Insights for existing models and simulations) Temperature NASA Beat the Heat Games Vernacular Architecture Teach Engineering: Homes for Different Climates

59 (Also enter “Experimental Design” in Search) Bicylces PBS Blender Bikes Video Bridges Library of Science, Engineering, and Technology: Viaducts and Aqueducts; All about Bridges, Build a Bridge Online; All About Bridges; Dietmans, Feichtinger Architects; Bridges Over Niagara Falls; Bridge Builder App; Introduction to Bridge Type Structures Design Process A Design Science Primer (From Buckminster Fuller Institute; Fuller introduced the concept of Design Science); Engineering Design through Media-Based Resources (Incl. How Do You Keep Lemonade Cool? Funny Boat); NASA Engineering Design Challenge; Design Process; Watt Design Process Checklist; Product and Package Design Process (Lunch Tray Design with Middle School Students); CAF The Design Process; “The Deep Dive” Ideo Part 1; Teacher’s Domain Design Process Video; Engineering – All Caught Up: Bycatching and Design; Stanford D School k12 Lab; Teach Engineering: Enter “Experimental Design”; Experimental Design; Design discovery Thinking for Educators; Design Learning Challenge Electricity Roominate Toy Green Buildings The Green Doll House Project Mass Transit TRAC Michigan DOT Program for Future Transportation Designers (Design, build, and test Mag Lev train cars) Mobiles NGA Make a Mobile Balance Online; Kinetic Sculpture Derby Paper Airplanes World’s Best Paper Airplanes Paper Engineering PBS Paper Power; PBS Build a Pop-Up Card; PBS Build a Paper Tower Recycling Household Container Recycling (Rochester Institute of Technology) Truss PBS Design Squad Truss Bridge; Popsicle Bridge Video; Popsicle Bridge Plans; Video PBS Truss Structures; Video PBS Train Truss Animation;

Architecture CAF Discover Architecture (Student Design Projects) Bike Lanes Streetmix (Design a Bike Lane & Street Scape); Bike Lanes Information Car Design Karim Antoine Habib Head Car Designer BMS (Design Process); PBS Make a Pasta Car Video Cereal Box Design Design A Cereal Box Infographic (Design Process); Create a Cereal Box Online; Mr. Breakfast Make Your Own Cereal Box (Interactive); Cereal Box Design (Design Process with Criteria and Constraints) Chair Design The Sitting Machine: Enrichment Club Pursues Design of a Cardboard Chair ; Ergonomic Design (REMS) Design Making Buck Institute for Project-Based Learning; Edutopia STEM and STEM to STEAM Resource Roundup; Video: Fun Science -Technology, Simulations, & Engineering Demos design Fashion Design Smart Clothing Game Design Game Design Toolkit (Second Game Design Link); Games+Learning+Society (Teacher Resource); Designing Game-Based Environments (Teacher Resource); Do You Want to Be a Game Designer? Fashion Design Integrating Electronics in Clothes; The Gaze-Activated Dress; The Museum at the Fashion Institute of Technology; Lilypad (electronics + fashion) Game Design ClassLabs Games (Argubot Academy EDU – Develop persuasion and reasoning tools) Game Design Toolkit (2 different sites) Graphic Design What Is Graphic Design?; Graphic Design History Industrial Design Fusion of Science, Design and Experience (For design process see Approach); Light Objects; School of Visual Arts Talks about Industrial Design Information Architecture Kathy Schrock’s Guide to Everything

60 Interiority Constructing a TV Set (This link is an entry to PBS Design Your World Site; Explore Games, Build It Activities, and Watch Design Squad Episodes); Gensler Social Studies Classroom Design; Roominate Toy for Girls “How To” Videos Play Space Rethinking Playgrounds (Principles of Playground Design); The Good School Playground Guide Scotland Council (Principles of Playground Design) Toy Design Playing Around the World; Toys Recycled Around the World; Science Toy Maker; Pull Toys by Industrial Design Students; Play, Invent, Explore!; Turning Trash into Toys: Arvind Gupta TED Talk; Zach Kaplan + Keith Schadt: Toys for the Future Ted Talk; What Can Legos Teach Us Skyscrapers Skyscraper Basics; Skyscraper Forces; Building Big: Skyscraper Challenges Urban Design *My Imaginary City (Interactive Design Your own City); National Geographic Expedition Planning a New Town

ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions to Engineering Problems What is the process for developing potential design solutions?

• Research on a problem should be carried out before beginning to design a solution. Testing a solution involves investigating how well it performs under a range of likely conditions. (3-5-ETS1-2). • At whatever stage, communicating with peers about proposed solutions is an important part of the design process, and shared ideas can lead to improved designs. (3-5-ETS1-2) • Tests are often designed to identify failure points or difficulties, which suggest the elements of the design that need to be improved. (3-5-ETS1-3) • Testing a solution involves investigating how well it performs under a range of likely conditions. (secondary to 4-ESS3-2) [The disciplinary core idea, ETS1.B is taught through each of the three ETS Performance Expectations]

ETS Performance Expectation 3-5-ETS1.2 Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints of the problem.

Applied in Earth and Space Science PE: 4-ESS3-2. Generate and compare multiple solutions to reduce the impacts of natural Earth processes on humans.* [Clarification Statement: Examples of solutions could include designing an earthquake resistant building and improving monitoring of volcanic activity.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions.]

NEXT.cc ETS1.B Collaboration 9 Facts Every Creative Needs to Know about Collaborative Teams Diagramming Nobel Laureates Draw Their Respective Topics; Online Diagramming and Flowchart Software tools Imagination Ideas Come from Everywhere (with Nine Lessons Learned about Creativity); Brainstorming; Three Basic Principles of Creative Thinking; Artists Toolkit for Creativity; Do You See What I See?; The Idea Factory Arnold Wasserman;

61 Invention at Play (Interactive; includes Alexander G. Bell’s first sketch of the telephone); Discover Design; Stemtoon Stimuli; Design and the Elastic Mind (MOMA Exhibit: Elasticity = Adaptation + Acceleration) Modeling Activity 5 – Google Sketch Up; Eight Design Projects Done in Less Than a Minute; Architectural School Prototypes Objects Harvard’s Glass Flower Collection (Botanical Models) Sketching Austin’s Butterfly Expeditionary Learning Video (Models, Critique and Descriptive Feedback;Important for all grade levels!); Chrome Experiments (Interactive Sketching); CoSketch (Online Drawing Tool); Inventors’ Sketchbooks; Online Sketchpad (requires Java Plug-in); Sketchpad Online Sketchpad (sketch.io); Video Olin Drawing as a Powerful Tool Symbols New Mediators (creative commons resource for icons); Noun Project (Aggregation of symbols used by graphic designers) Time Cycle Time: Skateboard Assembly (REMS) Visual Note Taking Sketcho Frenzy: Visual Note Taking; Visual Note Taking: William McDonough Ted Talk Words Wordle; Google Scribble Maps Writing Anatomy of an Article (Reading Scientific Papers); Persuasion Map

Beams Bridge Basics (Interactive Testing); Bridge Forces (Interactive Testing); Beam Loads (Interactive Testing); Beam Information (Incl. Children’s Engineering Resources) Climate Spectrix: A GOES-R Imager Game: Color & Climate Data Columns Can A Toilet Paper Tube Support Your Weight?; Finding the Strongest Column Shape Design Research I Design Model; Qualitative and Quantitative Research; Design Research Methods (Including Ecosystem Research Methods) Ergonomics Ergonomics (REMS) Place Exploration animoto.com (Embedded in Activity 1) language Story Telling Tour Builder with Google; Digital Story Telling on the iPad Structure Load Labs National Building Museum (Interactive Testing); Forces on Shapes (Interactive Testing); NOVA Bridge the Gap; NOVA Bridge the Gap Game; Structures Around the World (Interactive, Also lessons) Systems Thinking Systems Thinking in Action STiA (incl. Insight Maker: Create Free Account; Create your own models and simulations or Search Find Insights for existing models and simulations); Skateboard Assembly and Testing (REMS); Meal Picking (REMS)

Design Process Design Process; Watt Design Process Checklist; CAF The Design Process; “The Deep Dive” Ideo Part 2; Discover Design: Design Process Digital Modeling Sketch Up (Including all Explore link tutorials for Sketch Up); World Builder Green Buildings The Green Doll House Project Mass Transit TRAC Michigan DOT Program for Future Transportation Designers (Design, build, and test Mag Lev train cars) discovery Paper Engineering Fold Pop Pull Smithsonian Video; Pop Up House #1; Pop Up House #2; Popupology Learn; New York Skyline; National parks Pop Up Video; Paper Engineering: Pop-Up Books Recycling Household Container Recycling (Rochester Institute of Technology) Truss Bridge Trusses; What Is A Truss? Building with Bridges; Bridge Challenge; Bridges Around the World; Build a Truss; Popsicle Bridge Video; Popsicle Bridge Plans; The Rainbow Bridge Photos; Secrets of a Master Builder

62 Aeronautics NASA How Do Airplanes Fly?; Infographic Sci Fi Spaceships; Up, Up and Away! Airplanes Bike Lanes Streetmix (Create a Bike Lane & Street Scape) Car Design PBS Make a Pasta Car Video Chair Design Ergonomics (REMS) Design Making Power of Making (videos); Power of Making Tinkerspace; CNC; Thomas Heatherwick Bio Inspired Design Making (Click Exhibitions for video of design process); Manufacturing Maker Spaces; Designing a School Maker Space; What Is A Maker Space?; Video: Fun Science -Technology, Simulations, & Engineering Demos (Cars, Boats, and Bottle Cap Rockets as Models) Game Design ClassLabs Games (Argubot Academy EDU – Develop persuasion and design reasoning tools) Information Architecture Visual Complexity (Incl. Biology, Food Webs); Information Is Beautiful (Incl. Graphics & Data Sets, e.g. Which Fish Are Safe to Eat?); Edward Tufte: Visual Information; Infosthetics: Data Driven Graphics (See Role Visualization Plays in Scientific Process); Visual.ly; Many Eyes (Incl. Create a Visualization & Data); United Nations Environment Programme (Basic Facts Infographics); Best Infographics (Incl. Science Categories); Urban Observatory; TED Ed Visualizing Complex Ideas Interiority Constructing a TV Set (PBS Design Your World Site) Poster Design Graphic Design for Scientists (Teacher Resource); The Basics of Poster Design Stage Set Design Diorama Making Videos; Light Box Project; Make a Diorama Urban Design My Imaginary City (Interactive Design Your own City)

ETS1.C Optimizing the Design Solution How can the various proposed design solutions be compared and improved?

• Different solutions need to be tested in order to determine which of them best solves the problem, given the criteria and the constraints. (3-5 ETS1-3) The iterative process of testing the most promising solutions and modifying what is proposed on the basis of the test results leads to greater refinement and ultimately to an optimal solution. (secondary to 4-PS4-3)

ETS Performance Expectation 3-5-ETS1.3 Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.

Applied in Physical Science PE: 4-PS4-3. Generate and compare multiple solutions that use patterns to transfer information.* [Clarification Statement: Examples of solutions could include drums sending coded information through sound waves, using a grid of 1’s and 0’s representing black and white to send information about a picture, and using Morse code to send text.]

NEXT.cc ETS1.C Design Thinking Design Thinking for Educators; Design Thinking Movie (Design Process in 30 Seconds) tools Imagination Discover Design; The Idea Factory Arnold Wasserman Time Cycle Time: Skateboard Assembly (REMS)

63 Words Wordle

Design Research Prezi (Presentation Tools) Ergonomics Ergonomics (REMS) Systems Thinking Systems Thinking in Action STiA (incl. Insight Maker (Create Free language Account; Create your own models and simulations and Search Find Insights for existing models and simulations); Skateboard Assembly and Testing (REMS); Meal Picking (REMS)

Bridges Make a Human Suspension Bridge Design Process NASA Engineering Design Process Challenge; Design Process; Watt Design Process Checklist The Deep Dive” Ideo Part 3 Green Buildings The Green Doll House Project discovery Mass Transit TRAC Michigan DOT Program for Future Transportation Designers (Design, build, and test Mag Lev train cars) Recycling Household Container Recycling (Rochester Institute of Technology)

Car Design PBS Make a Pasta Car Video Chair Design Ergonomics (REMS) Design Making Fun Science -Technology, Simulations, & Engineering Demos (Design, Build, and Test a Boat, Design and Test a Car; Cotton Ball Catapult; Designing a design Better Bottle Cap Rocket) Industrial Design Designer: Karim Rashid (Incl. Karimanifesto) Information Architecture Inforgraphics: Steps to Successful Communication (Video Infographics as Creative Assessment)

Elementary Grades 3-5 Engineering, Technology, & Applications of Science Alignment of NEXT.cc Journeys with NGSS Disciplinary Core Ideas Each Disciplinary Core Idea is followed by an indicator for the Performance Expectation linked to it, e.g., (3-5-ETS1-2) indicates that the preceding DCI is addressed in the Elementary (Third - Fifth Grade) Performance Expectation for Engineering, Technology, and Application of Science, ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions to Engineering Problems. All Performance Expectations and DCIs can be found at www.nextgenscience.org .

Grade Band End Points for Engineering, Technology, and Application of Science are published in A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas.National Research Council. A Framework for K-12 Science Education: Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Core Ideas. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2012. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=13165

Grade Band Endpoints for ETS1.A By the end of grade 5. Possible solutions to a problem are limited by available materials and resources (constraints). The success of a designed solution is determined by considering the desired features of a solution (criteria). Different proposals for solutions can be compared on the basis of how well each one meets the specified criteria for success or how well each takes the constraints into account.

Grade Band Endpoints for ETS1.B By the end of grade 5. Research on a problem should be carried out—for example, through Internet searches, market research, or field observations— before beginning to design a solution. An often productive way to generate ideas is for people to work together to brainstorm, test, and refine possible solutions. Testing a solution involves investigating how well it performs under a range of likely conditions. Tests are often designed to identify failure points or difficulties, which suggest the elements of the design that need to be improved. At whatever stage, communicating with peers about proposed solutions is an important part of the design process, and shared ideas can lead to improved designs. There are many types of models, ranging from simple physical models to computer models. They can be used to investigate how a design might work, communicate the design to others, and compare different designs.

Grade Band Endpoints for ETS1.C By the end of grade 5. Different solutions need to be tested in order to determine

65 which of them best solves the problem, given the criteria and the constraints.